275:, which was formulated late in the meeting and was adopted by consensus of 171 states on 25 June 1993. While one possible interpretation sees this document as a "well crafted but empty exhortation", it did come to represent as much of a consensus as could be found on human rights in the early 1990s. And it did in fact set new marks in human rights work in several areas. It established the interdependence of democracy, economic development, and human rights. Specifically, it replaced the Cold War division of Civil and Political Rights (CPR) apart from Economic Social and Cultural rights (ESCR) with the concept of rights being indivisible (one cannot take one type of rights without the other), interdependent (one set of rights needs the other to be realised), and inter-related (that all human rights relate to each other). It called for the creation of instruments to publicize and protect the rights of women, children, and indigenous peoples. It requested more funding for the
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There was much discussion ahead of the conference on what could and could not be said during it. The rules adopted stated that no specific countries or places could be mentioned where human rights abuses were taking place, including those involved in current conflicts such as
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By the early 2000s, all of the explicit establishments recommended by the Vienna
Declaration and Programme of Action had been met in full or in part. The conference also highlighted the importance that NGOs would continue to play in the human rights infrastructure.
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Despite the rules, organizations and demonstrators at the conference's physical site were happy to mention specific ongoing abuses all around the world, with many displaying atrocity photographs in an attempt to out-do each other. One person concerned about the
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to human rights versus nations who said that human rights needed to be interpreted differently in non-Western cultures and that attempts to impose a universal definition amounted to interference in their internal affairs. The latter group was led by China,
137:
The World
Conference on Human Rights was attended by representatives of 171 nations and 800 NGOs, with some 7,000 participants overall. This made it the largest gathering ever on human rights. It was organised by Human Rights expert John Pace.
98:
in
Beijing, China, in September 1995. Such conferences were seen as a way to promote global participation, consultation, and policy formation, and were seen as a likely significant new way to influence the direction of international society.
113:, Switzerland, beginning in 1991, as were a number of regional and satellite meetings. These struggled to produce new ideas that countries could agree upon, and highlighted differences surrounding the role of state sovereignty,
129:, was concerned that conference might represent a backwards step for human rights. He added, "It's not surprising that governments are not overenthusiastic. After all, they are the ones violating human rights."
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Although the United
Nations had long been active in the field of human rights, the Vienna conference was only the second global conference to focus exclusively on human rights, with the first having been the
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subsequently endorsed the declaration as part of
Resolution 48/121. It also created the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on 20 December 1993.
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Lettre datée du 24 juin 1993, adressée au Président de la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme par le Chef adjoint de la délégation chinoise
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brought about the hope that the long stalemate and distortion of United
Nations behaviors due to the bipolar superpower confrontation would cease.
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was held by the United
Nations in Vienna, Austria, on 14 to 25 June 1993. It was the first human rights conference held since the end of the
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was taking place only an hour's flight from Vienna testified dramatically that no new era of international cooperation had come into place.
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attended the conference as the alternate U.S. delegate, and was one of the attendees heavily interested in women's rights aspects.
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A speech given by His
Holiness the Dalai Lama to the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, Austria, June 1993.
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to state that the conference was taking place "In an atmosphere strangely removed from reality." In particular, that the ongoing
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In the run-up to the 1993 conference, much of the optimism of the 1989 era was lost. Preparatory conferences were held in
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117:(NGOs), and whether new or strengthened human rights instruments for the UN were feasible and impartial. The
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The notion of having a world conference on human rights was first proposed in 1989. The end of the
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The conference did have an expansive view of human rights, with efforts made to highlight
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The Vienna conference came at a time when world conferences were popular, with the
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One fault line at the conference was
Western nations who proclaimed a
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was eventually forced to decide upon the conference's agenda in 1992.
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The United
Nations: Confronting the Challenges of a Global Society
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The key result of the World Conference on Human Rights was the
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In spite of pressures from the People's Republic of China, the
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spoke out strongly against this notion, saying "We cannot let
691:, Édition Gallimard, 1990 ; Nouv. éd. augmentée 1993,
605:"U.S. Rejects Notion That Human Rights Vary With Culture"
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Norchi, "Human Rights: A Global Common Interest", p. 88.
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United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
279:. Most significantly, it called for a new office, the
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International Conference on Population and Development
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799:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
703:, traduction Tica Broch, Oxford/Zed Books, 1994,
537:"A Rights Meeting, but Don't Mention the Wronged"
281:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
94:in Copenhagen, Denmark, in March 1995 and the
562:Boyle, "Stock-Taking on Human Rights", p. 81.
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253:was able to give a talk at the conference on
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491:"A Bleak Assessment as Rights Meeting Nears"
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40:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
327:"Human Rights: A Global Common Interest"
53:International Conference on Human Rights
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242:member and vice presidential candidate
18:Vienna World Conference on Human Rights
277:United Nations Center for Human Rights
65:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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363:"Timeline: Human Rights Conventions"
809:20th-century diplomatic conferences
579:"Women Seize Focus at Rights Forum"
92:World Summit for Social Development
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804:Diplomatic conferences in Austria
603:Sciolino, Elaine (15 June 1993).
763:World Conference on Human Rights
96:Fourth World Conference on Women
78:, Brazil, in June 1992, and the
32:World Conference on Human Rights
814:1993 in international relations
288:United Nations General Assembly
119:United Nations General Assembly
829:Austria and the United Nations
489:Riding, Alan (25 April 1993).
115:non-governmental organizations
1:
577:Riding, Alan (16 June 1993).
535:Riding, Alan (14 June 1993).
240:U.S. House of Representatives
27:First human rights conference
329:. In Krasno, Jean E. (ed.).
701:Tibet: Survival in Question
409:. In Beetham, David (ed.).
125:, the Secretary General of
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824:June 1993 events in Europe
794:United Nations conferences
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231:become the last refuge of
765:at United Nations website
625:"Geraldine Ferraro – Bio"
411:Politics and Human Rights
655:"Human Rights for Women"
335:Lynne Rienner Publishers
325:Norchi, Charles (2004).
447:University of Minnesota
255:human responsibilities
144:Bosnia and Herzegovina
685:Pierre-Antoine Donnet
127:Amnesty International
663:. p. A27 op-ed.
449:Human Rights Library
74:having been held in
229:cultural relativism
660:The New York Times
651:Ferraro, Geraldine
631:. 5 September 2003
610:The New York Times
584:The New York Times
542:The New York Times
496:The New York Times
225:Warren Christopher
189:indigenous peoples
161:The New York Times
689:Tibet mort ou vif
244:Geraldine Ferraro
200:universal meaning
16:(Redirected from
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123:Pierre Sané
773:Categories
417:. p.
367:Al Jazeera
337:. p.
298:References
233:repression
191:' rights,
133:Conference
46:Background
217:Indonesia
635:22 March
453:22 March
403:(1995).
372:22 March
213:Malaysia
104:Cold War
55:held in
36:Cold War
261:Results
238:Former
221:Vietnam
152:Liberia
57:Teheran
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219:, and
150:, and
148:Angola
111:Geneva
205:Syria
88:Egypt
84:Cairo
721:ISBN
713:ISBN
705:ISBN
693:ISBN
637:2009
455:2009
423:ISBN
374:2009
343:ISBN
286:The
209:Iran
207:and
176:and
156:Cuba
61:Iran
30:The
235:."
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