142:
149:
110:
103:
368:
29:
455:
399:
and concave depressions are found especially on the southern part of the volcano, some of which are lined up in north–south direction. The northern sector of the volcano was apparently more heavily affected by glacial erosion; conversely, several craters in the southern sector appear to be young. The
508:
The
Austral Volcanic Zone was identified as such in 1976, but some volcanoes were identified and localized later. Owing to their similar composition the three northerly volcanoes Lautaro, Viedma and Aguilera are grouped as the "northern Austral Volcanic Zone". Volcanism in the Austral Volcanic Zone
1253:
Markgraf, Vera; Bradbury, J. Platt; Schwalb, Antje; Burns, Stephen J.; Stern, Charles; Ariztegui, Daniel; Gilli, Adrian; Anselmetti, Flavio S.; Stine, Scott; Maidana, Nora (27 July 2016). "Holocene palaeoclimates of southern
Patagonia: limnological and environmental history of Lago Cardiel,
687:
explosive eruptions, while historical eruptions took place in 1908 at Reclus and 1910 at Monte Burney. Future eruptions of volcanoes in the
Austral Volcanic Zone may lead to ash fall at large distances from the volcano, including interruptions in
552:
age. Outcrops of the basement are found around the volcano and could even occur on the edifice that crops out from the glaciers. The regional basement is formed by these
Paleozoic and younger metamorphic and sedimentary rocks as well.
1209:
Wastegård, S.; Veres, D.; Kliem, P.; Hahn, A.; Ohlendorf, C.; Zolitschka, B. (July 2013). "Towards a late
Quaternary tephrochronological framework for the southernmost part of South America – the Laguna Potrok Aike tephra record".
501:, all of which are separated from the Austral Volcanic Zone and each other by gaps where no volcanic activity occurs. Unlike the Austral Volcanic Zone, volcanism in these other zones is controlled by the subduction of the
383:
which also led to the nunatak becoming known as the "Volcan Viedma"; but the lack of clear evidence and the difficulty of field sampling has rendered its identification with the Viedma vent contentious.
916:"Registro Histórico de Antecedentes Volcánicos y Sísmicos en la Patagonia Austral y la Tierra del Fuego. Historic Record of Volcanic and Seismic Precedents in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego"
331:
Few things are known with certainty about the volcanic edifice of Viedma as it is mostly buried beneath glacial ice and the "Viedma
Nunatak" was later revealed to not be a volcano. In 1956
2251:
675:. The eruption had melted part of the ice and formed a network of valleys; it was assumed that it had taken place at some point between September and November of that year.
683:
There are no major population centres close to any volcano in the
Austral Volcanic Zone, and the volcanoes are largely unmonitored. Among the know eruptions are large
644:
may have originated at Viedma, although
Aguilera and Lautaro are also candidate source volcanoes. Due to the absence of traces of volcanism at Viedma Nunatak the
379:
is commonly interpreted to be the site of the volcano, after observations made in 1944-1945 and 1950 by survey flights including controversial sightings of
2241:
1577:
438:
2010 observed fewer craters and none of them larger than 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi). These craters were later interpreted as being actually glacial
2246:
1368:
141:
1426:
238:
58:
1036:
Stern, Charles R. (1 February 2008). "Holocene tephrochronology record of large explosive eruptions in the southernmost
Patagonian Andes".
2281:
395:
and only parts of it crop out. The outcropping nunatak is elongated in north–south direction. A number of structures interpreted as
339:
buried beneath glaciers; between eruptions they would be concealed below the ice; Lliboutry considered dark bands on the ice to be
2266:
102:
2271:
1570:
711:
261:. The exact position of the edifice is unclear, both owing to the ice cover and because the candidate position, the "Viedma
2276:
2256:
657:
392:
356:
325:
234:
716:
51:
206:
1471:
Perucca, Laura; Alvarado, Patricia; Saez, Mauro (1 July 2016). "Neotectonics and seismicity in southern
Patagonia".
485:
at a rate of 3 centimetres per year (1.2 in/year). This subduction process is responsible for volcanism in the
408:; the Viedma glacier may once have crossed the nunatak in its central part. Rock samples taken from the nunatak are
2033:
1602:
602:
387:
The nunatak is about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) high above sea level. Most of the mountain is buried beneath the
2261:
1920:
1563:
1436:
Kobayashi, Chiaki; Orihashi, Yuji; Hiarata, Daiji; Naranjo, Jose; Kobayashi, Makoto; Anma, Ryo (17 August 2010).
1438:"Compositional variations revealed by ASTER image analysis of the Viedma Volcano, southern Andes Volcanic Zone"
746:
645:
312:. These volcanoes form a 700 kilometres (430 mi) long chain of volcanoes, the most southern of which is a
2103:
660:
exist, including reports of ashfalls, layers of tephra on glaciers and columns of smoke rising from the ice.
2123:
751:
1785:
498:
490:
194:
1775:
1735:
1170:
Wastegård, Stefan (November 2012). "Tephrostratigraphy of the Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Sequence".
518:
494:
486:
289:
2098:
2043:
1385:
274:
2138:
2108:
2078:
2038:
1975:
1960:
1850:
1712:
1586:
1527:
1480:
1219:
1175:
1045:
861:
482:
426:
Different observations have yielded different sizes and numbers of supposed craters; González-Ferrán
1322:
285:
lies southwest of the volcano. The area is poorly accessible and the volcanic history poorly known.
2063:
1667:
664:
2196:
2028:
1755:
1543:
1369:"Disambiguation of the Nunatak Viedma: a basement block previously confused as a volcanic center"
1279:
1079:
915:
706:
618:
297:
230:
199:
1367:
Blampied, Jorge; Barberon, Vanesa; Ghiglione, Matías; Leal, Pablo; Ramos, Víctor (August 2012).
489:. The Austral Volcanic Zone is one of four volcanic zones in the Andes, the other three are the
2186:
2143:
2118:
1980:
1657:
1622:
1607:
1506:
1459:
1422:
1344:
1271:
1235:
1191:
1125:
1071:
966:
927:
701:
401:
293:
2201:
2113:
2093:
2048:
1925:
1890:
1652:
1627:
1535:
1496:
1488:
1449:
1414:
1334:
1263:
1227:
1183:
1115:
1061:
1053:
534:
313:
301:
225:
692:
and direct ash damage. Viedma is considered to be Argentina's 10th most dangerous volcano.
621:, including three tephra layers 26,991 - 29,416, 40,656 - 48,219 and 41,555 - 57,669 years
2018:
1990:
1855:
1677:
1617:
962:
857:
606:
475:
396:
332:
2083:
1531:
1484:
1223:
1179:
1049:
367:
351:. Other reports of volcanic phenomena in the region exist, and the existence of a large
28:
1910:
1835:
641:
622:
530:
388:
348:
175:
2235:
2158:
2153:
2133:
1765:
1637:
1283:
1083:
471:
405:
1231:
1120:
1103:
2206:
2168:
1945:
1885:
1810:
637:
336:
305:
1187:
1323:"Towards the development of the first permanent volcano observatory in Argentina"
992:
990:
2163:
2013:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1805:
1612:
1405:
1381:
1376:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
689:
586:
582:
545:
502:
443:
412:
282:
258:
1007:
1005:
945:
943:
941:
741:
233:
whose existence is questionable. It is supposedly located below the ice of the
2073:
1905:
1900:
1860:
1830:
1740:
1707:
1702:
1662:
1267:
1057:
590:
570:
463:
1510:
1463:
1348:
1275:
1239:
1195:
1129:
1075:
931:
73:
60:
2023:
2008:
1985:
1950:
1930:
1915:
1770:
1750:
1454:
1437:
1339:
605:
suite, but there is also an adakitic signature. The xenoliths may reflect a
574:
549:
321:
317:
250:
242:
122:
1632:
2211:
2148:
2088:
2058:
1965:
1895:
1825:
1820:
1790:
1760:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1672:
684:
633:
598:
594:
562:
541:
526:
514:
510:
434:
with sizes ranging 1.5–4 kilometres (0.93–2.49 mi), while Kobayashi
423:, and no evidence of magmatic rocks was found in a 1958-1959 expedition.
409:
380:
309:
278:
1066:
2053:
1970:
1955:
1940:
1845:
1815:
1647:
1642:
1547:
1501:
865:
626:
578:
478:
431:
376:
352:
262:
254:
454:
2128:
2068:
1935:
1870:
1840:
1800:
1780:
1745:
1717:
1518:
Shipton, Eric (1960). "Volcanic Activity on the Patagonian Ice Cap".
1418:
668:
566:
561:
Viedma like other volcanoes of the Austral Volcanic Zone has erupted
439:
420:
416:
344:
340:
41:
1539:
1492:
1384:: 13th Chilean Geological Congress. pp. 380–382. Archived from
836:
834:
821:
819:
292:. This volcanic zone consists of six volcanoes, from north to south
1555:
1795:
1682:
672:
522:
459:
453:
366:
246:
182:
126:
971:(in Spanish). Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile. p. 413.
343:
deposits, a view supported by a 1958-1959 expedition that found
1559:
1142:
996:
981:
781:
1011:
949:
1104:"Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting"
671:
on the Viedma Glacier. These materials later gave rise to a
513:; it is likely that a lull of volcanism occurred before the
2223:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
400:
nunatak shows clear evidence of glacial action, including
359:
has been suggested as an explanation for volcanism there.
1153:
1151:
894:
892:
879:
877:
875:
656:
Many observations referring to volcanic activity on the
371:
The Viedma Glacier and the Viedma Nunatak (centre-right)
968:
Nieves y glaciares de Chile: fundamentos de glaciologia
794:
792:
790:
533:
and the interaction of these melts with the crust and
1321:
Garcia, Sebastian; Badi, Gabriela (1 November 2021).
265:", does not clearly appear to be of volcanic nature.
249:. The 1988 eruption deposited ash and pumice on the
2177:
1999:
1726:
1593:
1308:
840:
825:
205:
193:
188:
174:
89:
50:
40:
35:
21:
617:Tephra attributed to Viedma has been found in the
1407:The australandean volcanic zone (south Patagonia)
609:contamination of the magma erupted at Viedma.
1571:
335:proposed that volcanic activity may occur in
8:
1097:
1095:
1093:
909:
907:
2252:Volcanoes of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
625:which may originate either on Viedma or on
1578:
1564:
1556:
18:
1500:
1453:
1338:
1119:
1065:
851:
849:
898:
883:
810:
728:
529:owing to the melting of the subducting
1296:
1157:
1023:
798:
648:removed its entry for Viedma in 2019.
458:Map of the volcanic zones arcs in the
736:
734:
732:
667:occurred in 1988, depositing ash and
224:
7:
525:from the Austral Volcanic Zone are
521:was being subducted in the region.
470:Off the southernmost west coast of
856:@SmithsonianGVP (15 August 2019).
505:beneath the South American Plate.
430:1995 reported several craters and
273:Viedma is located in the southern
14:
2242:Subglacial volcanoes of Argentina
1309:Perucca, Alvarado & Saez 2016
841:Perucca, Alvarado & Saez 2016
826:Perucca, Alvarado & Saez 2016
914:Mateo, Mateo (9 December 2008).
147:
140:
108:
101:
27:
1232:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.019
1121:10.4067/S0716-02082004000200001
2247:Volcanoes of Magallanes Region
712:List of volcanoes in Argentina
640:and dated 3,345 - 3,010 years
632:Viedma has erupted during the
466:structures affecting volcanism
164:Show map of Southern Patagonia
148:
109:
1:
1404:Kilian, R. (15–17 May 1990).
1188:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1843
658:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
509:is not well known before the
393:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
357:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
235:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
717:List of subglacial volcanoes
46:1,500 m (4,900 ft)
269:Geography and geomorphology
161:Viedma (Southern Patagonia)
2298:
1212:Quaternary Science Reviews
1108:Revista Geológica de Chile
1102:Stern, Charles R. (2004).
858:"Global Volcanism Program"
2220:
1268:10.1191/0959683603hl648rp
1058:10.1007/s00445-007-0148-z
94:
26:
2282:Quaternary South America
1520:The Geographical Journal
1172:Quaternary International
747:Global Volcanism Program
646:Global Volcanism Program
1455:10.5027/andgeoV37n2-a09
1340:10.30909/vol.04.S1.2148
1038:Bulletin of Volcanology
752:Smithsonian Institution
2267:Mountains of Argentina
2000:Southern Volcanic Zone
1786:Andagua volcanic field
1594:Northern Volcanic Zone
499:Southern Volcanic Zone
491:Northern Volcanic Zone
467:
372:
288:Viedma is part of the
222:Spanish pronunciation:
2272:Polygenetic volcanoes
2178:Austral Volcanic Zone
2104:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1776:Huambo volcanic field
1727:Central Volcanic Zone
1143:Kobayashi et al. 2010
997:Kobayashi et al. 2010
982:Kobayashi et al. 2010
782:Kobayashi et al. 2010
519:Chile Triple Junction
495:Central Volcanic Zone
487:Austral Volcanic Zone
457:
370:
290:Austral Volcanic Zone
283:lake of the same name
131:Show map of Argentina
2277:Quaternary volcanoes
2257:Andean Volcanic Belt
1713:Licto volcanic field
1391:on December 22, 2017
1174:. 279–280: 528–529.
1012:Blampied et al. 2012
950:Blampied et al. 2012
636:; a tephra found in
483:South American Plate
1532:1960GeogJ.126..389S
1485:2016GeolJ..51..545P
1224:2013QSRv...71...81W
1180:2012QuInt.279U.528W
1050:2008BVol...70..435S
665:subglacial eruption
601:. The rocks form a
70: /
2099:Carrán-Los Venados
2044:Nevados de Chillán
2029:Descabezado Grande
1473:Geological Journal
1026:, p. 301,302.
707:Aguilera (volcano)
619:Laguna Potrok Aike
593:, plagioclase and
468:
402:glacial striations
373:
231:subglacial volcano
200:Subglacial volcano
36:Highest point
16:Subglacial volcano
2229:
2228:
2039:Nevado de Longaví
1981:Cueros de Purulla
1961:Cordón del Azufre
1623:Nevado del Tolima
1428:978-2-7099-0993-8
702:Lautaro (volcano)
415:rocks, including
226:[ˈbjeðma]
215:
214:
74:49.367°S 73.317°W
2289:
2262:Active volcanoes
2224:
2094:Mocho-Choshuenco
1628:Nevado del Huila
1587:Andean volcanoes
1580:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1514:
1504:
1467:
1457:
1432:
1415:Grenoble, France
1412:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1373:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1099:
1088:
1087:
1069:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
973:
972:
959:
953:
947:
936:
935:
911:
902:
896:
887:
881:
870:
869:
853:
844:
838:
829:
823:
814:
808:
802:
796:
785:
779:
762:
761:
759:
758:
738:
613:Eruption history
404:and coverage by
314:volcanic complex
275:Patagonian Andes
228:
223:
178:
165:
151:
150:
144:
132:
112:
111:
105:
85:
84:
82:
81:
80:
79:-49.367; -73.317
75:
71:
68:
67:
66:
63:
31:
19:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2179:
2173:
2001:
1995:
1991:Ojos del Salado
1921:Aguas Calientes
1728:
1722:
1618:Nevado del Ruiz
1595:
1589:
1584:
1554:
1540:10.2307/1793373
1517:
1493:10.1002/gj.2649
1470:
1435:
1429:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1003:
995:
988:
980:
976:
963:Lliboutry, Luis
961:
960:
956:
948:
939:
913:
912:
905:
897:
890:
882:
873:
855:
854:
847:
839:
832:
824:
817:
809:
805:
797:
788:
780:
765:
756:
754:
740:
739:
730:
725:
698:
681:
654:
615:
559:
476:Antarctic Plate
452:
365:
333:Louis Lliboutry
277:, southwest of
271:
253:and produced a
221:
176:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:
152:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
120:
119:
118:
117:
113:
78:
76:
72:
69:
64:
61:
59:
57:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1911:Purico complex
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1526:(4): 389–396.
1515:
1479:(4): 545–559.
1468:
1448:(2): 433–441.
1442:Andean Geology
1433:
1427:
1401:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1313:
1311:, p. 557.
1301:
1299:, p. 302.
1289:
1245:
1201:
1162:
1160:, p. 303.
1147:
1145:, p. 438.
1135:
1114:(2): 161–206.
1089:
1028:
1016:
1014:, p. 381.
1001:
999:, p. 435.
986:
984:, p. 436.
974:
954:
952:, p. 380.
937:
922:(in Spanish).
903:
901:, p. 391.
888:
886:, p. 389.
871:
864:) – via
845:
843:, p. 553.
830:
828:, p. 552.
815:
813:, p. 393.
803:
801:, p. 301.
786:
784:, p. 434.
763:
727:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
697:
694:
680:
677:
653:
650:
642:before present
623:before present
614:
611:
597:also occur as
558:
555:
451:
448:
406:glacial drifts
389:Viedma Glacier
364:
363:Viedma Nunatak
361:
349:Viedma Glacier
270:
267:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
186:
185:
180:
172:
171:
160:
154:
153:
146:
145:
139:
138:
137:
136:
121:
115:
114:
107:
106:
100:
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98:
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96:
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87:
86:
54:
48:
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44:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2294:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
2239:
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2210:
2208:
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2167:
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2162:
2160:
2157:
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2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Michinmahuida
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
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1976:San Francisco
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
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1939:
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1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
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1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Aucanquilcha
1884:
1882:
1879:
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1869:
1867:
1864:
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1859:
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1779:
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1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Hualca Hualca
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
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1739:
1737:
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1600:
1598:
1596:(6° N – 3° S)
1592:
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1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
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1558:
1549:
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1387:
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1249:
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1233:
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1221:
1217:
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1189:
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1173:
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1117:
1113:
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1077:
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1020:
1017:
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488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
472:South America
465:
461:
456:
449:
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433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
385:
382:
378:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:fissure vents
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
279:Mount FitzRoy
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
257:that reached
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:area disputed
236:
232:
227:
219:
211:November 1988
210:
208:
207:Last eruption
204:
201:
198:
196:
195:Mountain type
192:
187:
184:
181:
179:
173:
143:
128:
124:
104:
93:
88:
83:
55:
53:
49:
45:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2191:
2084:Quetrupillán
1946:Llullaillaco
1811:Huaynaputina
1523:
1519:
1476:
1472:
1445:
1441:
1406:
1393:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1375:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1259:
1256:The Holocene
1255:
1254:Argentina".
1248:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1171:
1165:
1138:
1111:
1107:
1067:10533/139124
1041:
1037:
1031:
1019:
977:
967:
957:
923:
919:
899:Shipton 1960
884:Shipton 1960
811:Shipton 1960
806:
755:. Retrieved
745:
682:
662:
655:
638:Lago Cardiel
631:
616:
603:calcalkaline
560:
544:consists of
539:
507:
481:beneath the
469:
435:
427:
425:
386:
374:
355:beneath the
330:
306:Monte Burney
287:
272:
217:
216:
177:Parent range
2180:(49°–55° S)
2164:Mate Grande
2014:Tupungatito
2002:(33°–46° S)
1881:Olca-Paruma
1876:Irruputuncu
1866:Tata Sabaya
1806:Pichu Pichu
1736:Quimsachata
1729:(14°–27° S)
1613:Cerro Bravo
1502:11336/12998
1395:19 December
1382:Antofagasta
1377:Sernageomin
1297:Kilian 1990
1158:Kilian 1990
1024:Kilian 1990
799:Kilian 1990
690:air traffic
587:plagioclase
583:hypersthene
571:Phenocrysts
557:Composition
546:metamorphic
503:Nazca Plate
442:containing
413:metamorphic
375:The Viedma
326:Cook Island
259:Viedma Lake
77: /
52:Coordinates
2236:Categories
2124:Hornopirén
2109:Casablanca
2079:Villarrica
2074:Sollipulli
2034:Cerro Azul
1906:Licancabur
1901:Sairecabur
1861:Guallatiri
1851:Parinacota
1831:Purupuruni
1741:Auquihuato
1708:Tungurahua
1703:Chimborazo
1663:Reventador
1638:Doña Juana
1333:(S1): 26.
1262:(4): 583.
1044:(4): 435.
920:Magallania
757:2005-02-15
723:References
652:Historical
591:orthoclase
517:while the
444:tarn lakes
322:lava flows
318:lava domes
300:, Viedma,
2144:Corcovado
2064:Lonquimay
2024:Calabozos
2009:Tupungato
1986:Incahuasi
1951:Lastarria
1931:Chiliques
1771:Sabancaya
1751:Sara Sara
1668:Pichincha
1603:Paipa-Iza
1511:1099-1034
1464:0718-7106
1349:2610-3540
1327:Volcanica
1284:129856246
1276:0959-6836
1240:0277-3791
1196:1040-6182
1130:0716-0208
1084:140710192
1076:0258-8900
932:0718-2244
926:(2): 12.
599:xenoliths
575:amphibole
550:Paleozoic
548:rocks of
464:subducted
381:fumaroles
251:ice field
243:Argentina
123:Argentina
90:Geography
42:Elevation
2212:Fueguino
2197:Aguilera
2149:Mentolat
2059:Callaqui
1896:Zapaleri
1826:Yucamane
1821:Tutupaca
1791:Chachani
1761:Coropuna
1756:Solimana
1698:Quilotoa
1693:Cotopaxi
1688:Illiniza
1673:Antisana
965:(1956).
742:"Viedma"
696:See also
685:Holocene
634:Holocene
595:pyroxene
573:include
563:andesite
542:basement
527:adakitic
515:Pliocene
511:Holocene
497:and the
479:subducts
432:calderas
410:Jurassic
310:Fueguino
298:Aguilera
241:between
2187:Lautaro
2139:Chaitén
2119:Calbuco
2054:Copahue
1971:Peinado
1956:Lazufre
1941:Socompa
1846:Taapaca
1816:Ticsani
1658:Cayambe
1648:Azufral
1643:Galeras
1608:Romeral
1548:1793373
1528:Bibcode
1481:Bibcode
1360:Sources
1220:Bibcode
1176:Bibcode
1046:Bibcode
866:Twitter
679:Hazards
627:Lautaro
607:crustal
579:biotite
450:Geology
440:cirques
421:schists
397:craters
391:of the
377:Nunatak
353:caldera
347:on the
294:Lautaro
263:Nunatak
255:mudflow
229:) is a
189:Geology
65:73°19′W
62:49°22′S
2207:Burney
2202:Reclus
2192:Viedma
2169:Hudson
2129:Huequi
2114:Osorno
2069:Llaima
2049:Antuco
1936:Aracar
1926:Lascar
1916:Pacana
1891:Azufre
1871:Isluga
1841:Tacora
1836:Casiri
1801:Ubinas
1781:Ampato
1746:Firura
1718:Sangay
1653:Chiles
1633:Puracé
1546:
1509:
1462:
1425:
1419:ORSTOM
1347:
1282:
1274:
1238:
1218:: 84.
1194:
1128:
1082:
1074:
930:
669:pumice
567:dacite
535:mantle
523:Magmas
493:, the
474:, the
462:, and
436:et al.
428:et al.
417:gneiss
345:pumice
341:tephra
302:Reclus
281:. The
218:Viedma
155:Viedma
116:Viedma
22:Viedma
2089:Lanín
2019:Maipo
1966:Galán
1856:Lauca
1796:Misti
1683:Soche
1678:Aliso
1544:JSTOR
1411:(PDF)
1389:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1280:S2CID
1080:S2CID
862:Tweet
673:lahar
460:Andes
247:Chile
237:, an
183:Andes
127:Chile
2159:Macá
1507:ISSN
1460:ISSN
1423:ISBN
1397:2017
1345:ISSN
1272:ISSN
1236:ISSN
1192:ISSN
1126:ISSN
1072:ISSN
928:ISSN
585:and
565:and
540:The
531:slab
419:and
320:and
308:and
245:and
2154:Cay
1536:doi
1524:126
1497:hdl
1489:doi
1450:doi
1335:doi
1264:doi
1228:doi
1184:doi
1116:doi
1062:hdl
1054:doi
324:on
316:of
2238::
1542:.
1534:.
1522:.
1505:.
1495:.
1487:.
1477:51
1475:.
1458:.
1446:37
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1440:.
1421:.
1417::
1413:.
1380:.
1374:.
1343:.
1329:.
1325:.
1278:.
1270:.
1260:13
1258:.
1234:.
1226:.
1216:71
1214:.
1190:.
1182:.
1150:^
1124:.
1112:31
1110:.
1106:.
1092:^
1078:.
1070:.
1060:.
1052:.
1042:70
1040:.
1004:^
989:^
940:^
924:36
918:.
906:^
891:^
874:^
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833:^
818:^
789:^
766:^
750:.
744:.
731:^
663:A
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589:;
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577:,
569:.
537:.
446:.
328:.
304:,
296:,
1579:e
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1538::
1530::
1513:.
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1483::
1466:.
1452::
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1351:.
1337::
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1266::
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1230::
1222::
1198:.
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860:(
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220:(
125:/
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