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Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam

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was positive in certain quarters of America, through unlike Nixon's "silent majority speech" where he professed to be speaking on behalf of the "silent majority", Agnew's speech was intentionally meant to be provocative and polarizing. As Nixon's public approval ratings soared, he told his aides in a meeting in the Oval Office: "We've got those liberal bastards on the run now, and we're going to keep them on the run". On November 13, in Des Moines, Agnew lashed out in a speech against the Moratorium declaring that it was all the work of the media who were "a small and unelected elite that do not — I repeat do not — represent the view of America". Agnew accused the media of being biased against Nixon and for the peace movement, and further stated his belief that the media "to a man" represented "the geographic and intellectual confines of New York and Washington". Agnew in particular singled out
507:. Nixon implicitly conceded the point to the anti-war movement that South Vietnam was not important, saying the real issue was America's credibility, as he maintained that America's allies would lose faith if the United States did not stand by South Vietnam. Nixon promised that his policy of Vietnamization would gradually lower American losses in Vietnam; stated he was willing to compromise provided that North Vietnam recognized South Vietnam; and finally warned that it would take "strong and effective measures" if the war continued. Nixon ended his "silent majority speech" with: "And so tonight, to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans — I ask for your support. Let us be united for peace. Let us be united against defeat. Because let us understand: North Vietnam cannot defeat or humiliate the United States. Only Americans can do that". 488:
private, Nixon was enraged by the Moratorium and felt very much besieged as he felt that the Moratorium had undercut his policy of winning "peace with honor" in Vietnam. Nixon ordered his aides to start writing a speech to rebut the Moratorium protests, which took two weeks to produce a version that was satisfactory to the president. On October 19, 1969, Agnew in a speech in New Orleans charged that "a spirit of national masochism prevails, encouraged by an effete corps of impudent snobs who characterize themselves as intellectuals". Agnew also accused the peace movement of being controlled by "hardcore dissidents and professional anarchists" who were planning "wilder, more violent" demonstrations at the next Moratorium. In its coverage of the first marches, an article in
630:, which attracted over 500,000 demonstrators against the war, including many performers and activists. This massive Saturday march and rally was preceded by the March against Death, which began on Thursday evening and continued throughout that night and all the next day. Over 40,000 people gathered to parade silently down Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House. Hour after hour, they walked in single file, each bearing a placard with the name of a dead American soldier or a destroyed Vietnamese village, and carrying a candle. The march was silent except for the playing of six drums, which played funeral tunes. The marchers finished in front of the 349:, and others. Brown, who was 25 years old in 1969, was a former divinity student who had worked hard as a campaign volunteer for Senator McCarthy in 1968, developed the concept of the moratorium protests. Brown felt that protests should take place in communities rather than on university campuses so that "the heartland folks felt it belonged to them". Brown and other moderate leaders of the anti-war movement believed that the best way of bringing pressure on Nixon was to ensure the movement had a "respectable" face in order to win the support of the largest number of Americans, many of whom did not much like either the hippie 611: 594: 580: 757:(its NSW equivalent), the Campaign for Peace in Vietnam (SA) and the Queensland Peace Council for International Co-Operation and Disarmament, giving it a truly national character. The structure of the Moratorium, in Victoria at least, was conflicted - the VMC executive vied for control with the Richmond Town Hall mass public meetings, which could involve up to 600 members and usually went late into the evening, full of arguments over slogans and policies. 772: 824: 634:, where the placards were placed in coffins. Despite his public disdain, Nixon watched the march on television, staying up until 11 pm as he obsessively watched the demonstration outside of the White House and tried to count how many people were participating, eventually reaching the figure of 325,000. Nixon joked that he should send helicopters to blow out the candles. 753:, who was made Chairman, and John Lloyd, secretary of both organizations. The VMC was, however, a much more representative body, including a wide variety of pre-existing Australian groups: Church groups, Trade Unions, radical and moderate student organizations, pacifist groups and anti-war groups. The VMC inherited the CICD's interstate connections with the 449:), and Miami were also well attended. Unlike the protests at the Democratic Convention in Chicago in August 1968 which led to a police riot, the Moratorium marches on October 15 were completely peaceful, attended by families and people of all ages and faiths, with the main theme being grief and sorrow over the war, instead of anger and rage. The journalist 677:" for ten minutes or more. His voice above the crowd, Seeger interspersed phrases like, "Are you listening, Nixon?", "Are you listening, Agnew?", "Are you listening, in the Pentagon?" between the choruses of protesters singing, "All we are saying ... is give peace a chance". Others who joined the second Moratorium included the composer 741:
Following the success of the November 1969 Moratorium in the United States, a series of citizen groups opposed to the war in Vietnam decided to band together to put on a Moratorium in Australia. Late in 1969, they formed the Vietnam Moratorium Campaign or VMC, which had its own executive, a permanent
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In San Francisco, over a quarter million of people took part in the march against the war on November 15. The school boards in San Francisco refused permission for high school students to take part in the second moratorium, declaring that the moratorium was "unpatriotic". As a result, over 50% of the
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The public response to Nixon's "silent majority speech" was very positive with the phone lines to the White House becoming jammed in the hours after he gave his speech as too many people called the White House to congratulate the president. Likewise, the response to Agnew's speech attacking the media
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asking for the support of the "silent majority" of Americans for his Vietnam War policy. In his speech, Nixon professed to share the goal of the protesters of peace in Vietnam, but he argued that the United States had to win in Vietnam, which would require keeping the war going until such a time that
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complex was opened to allow protesters a place to sleep. A daytime march before the White House was lined by parked tour buses and uniformed police officers, some flashing peace symbols on the inside of their jackets in a show of support for the crowd. The second Moratorium drew an even larger crowd
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being charged with murder. The My Lai massacre become a symbol to the anti-war movement of the brutality of the Vietnam war, and much of the success of the second Moratorium march was due to the revelation of the My Lai massacre. Karnow described the United States by the fall of 1969 as being very
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In a statement to the press, Nixon stated: "Under no circumstances will I be affected" as "policy made in the streets equals anarchy". On October 15, 1969, the White House press secretary declared that Nixon was completely indifferent to the Moratorium and that day had been "business as usual". In
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remarked that the Moratorium had brought "new respectability and popularity" to the anti-war movement. In various locations all over the United States, over 15 million people took part in marches against the war on October 15. The success of the Moratorium marches was due largely to avoiding the
306:, took office on January 20, 1969, about 34,000 Americans had been killed fighting in Vietnam by that point. During Nixon's first year in office, from January 1969 to January 1970, about another 10,000 Americans were killed fighting in Vietnam. Though Nixon talked much in 1969 of his plans for " 661:
Nixon said about the march, "Now, I understand that there has been, and continues to be, opposition to the war in Vietnam on the campuses and also in the nation. As far as this kind of activity is concerned, we expect it; however, under no circumstances will I be affected whatever by it."
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and a concrete underpass could move no faster than a very slow walk. Big clouds of tear gas covered the crowd. Police fired more cannisters of gas into the air so that they landed and exploded in the midst of the crowd on the feet and clothing of the retreating demonstrators.
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The second Vietnam Moratorium in September 1970 was smaller; more violence occurred. Fifty thousand people participated and there were violent incidents between police. Two hundred people were arrested in Sydney. The Melbourne and Brisbane marches were held on September 18.
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The third moratorium in June 1971 closed the Centre. In Melbourne, on June 30, 1971, there was a march of nearly 100,000 people. By this time public opinion was beginning to turn decisively against conscription and Australian involvement in the war.
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had his face on some anti-Moratorium Day literature distributed before the game. Seaver claimed that his picture was used without his knowledge or approval. The Mets won that day's game in 10 innings and would go on to win the Series the next day.
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movement. The Vietnam Moratorium Committee sought the support of "respectable" groups like the civil rights movement, churches, university faculties, unions, business leaders, and politicians. Before the Moratorium of October 15, the
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Work began quickly to organize the Moratorium. The original date was set for April 1970, but changed soon after to May 8, 9 and 10, to coincide with protests in the US, just days after the killings of four students at
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secretary and a number of affiliated organizations. The group that claims credit for mooting the idea is the Congress for International Co-operation and Disarmament (or CICD), a pacifist organization formed out of the
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wrote the Moratorium marches were "...a sober, almost melancholy manifestation of middle class concern...". Speakers at the Moratorium marches included Coretta Scott King, Dr.
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spy, which was described euphemistically in an Army report as "termination with extreme prejudice". More shockingly to the American people, on November 12, 1969 journalist
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The Australian, May 9, 1970, estimated the crowd as 100,000. Also Strangio, Paul. "Farewell to a conscience of the nation", The Age, 2003-10-13. Retrieved on 2006-07-01.
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Moratorium Day: When anti-Vietnam War march brought out both ‘squares’ and anti establishment students. This also resulted in the making of apex legends. SF Chronicle
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violence that many Americans associated with the New Left and the hippie "sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll" sensibility that was widely considered to be anti-social.
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had drawn about 400,000 people in August 1969, and it was estimated by some that the second Moratorium had brought out a number equal to "two Woodstocks".
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told the crowd: "The President says nothing you kids do will have any effect on him. Well, I suggest he make one long-distance call to the LBJ ranch".
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students in San Francisco high schools missed classes on November 14, as they instead went out to protest against the war the day before the march.
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much a polarized and divided nation with about roughly half of the nation supporting Nixon's policies in Vietnam and the other half opposed.
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Fountain, Aaron (Summer 2015). "The War in the Schools: San Francisco Bay Area High Schools and the Anti–Vietnam War Movement, 1965–1973".
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released a letter praising the marchers for trying to save young American men "from a useless death in Vietnam". In a speech written by
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at Oxford, organized and participated in the demonstration in England; this later became an issue in his Presidential campaign.
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In response to the Moratorium of October 15, on the evening of November 3, 1969 Nixon went on national television to give his
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Silence kills; events leading up to the Vietnam Moratorium on 8 May by J. F. Cairns, M.P., Vietnam Moratorium Committee, 1970
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The vast majority of demonstrators during these days were peaceful; however, late on Friday, a small conflict broke out at
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of the U.S. Army Special Forces was charged with ordering the murder of a South Vietnamese official suspected of being a
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On Moratorium Day, half a million demonstrators gathered across from the White House for a rally where they were led by
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The first nationwide Moratorium was followed on Saturday, November 15, 1969, by a second massive Moratorium march in
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Over a quarter of million people attended the Moratorium march in Washington, D.C., where they marched down
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https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Moratorium-Day-When-anti-Vietnam-War-march-14501388.php
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In early November 1969, two disclosures put the wind back into the sails of the antiwar movement. Colonel
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than the first, and it is considered to have been the largest demonstration ever in Washington, D.C. The
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who all played for the crowd. Four touring companies arrived to perform songs from the hippie musical
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https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=MDQ-9Oe3GGUC&dat=19700508&printsec=frontpage&hl=en
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Activists at some universities continued to hold monthly "Moratoria" on the 15th of each month.
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https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OeFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v5ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6888%2C3784347
1230: 694: 678: 406: 170: 645:. The people of Washington, D.C., generously opened schools, seminaries, and other places of 2973: 2697: 2652: 2530: 2324: 2307: 2243: 2223: 2218: 2163: 2058: 1952: 1661: 1525: 862: 627: 367: 307: 915:"Fifty Years Ago Today, US Soldiers Joined the Vietnam Moratorium Protests in Mass Numbers" 2233: 1962: 1914: 1786: 1699: 1678: 1665: 1283: 1276: 549: 499: 490: 482: 466: 458: 446: 334: 322: 150: 76: 649:
to the thousands of students and others who converged for this purpose. In addition, the
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writes that it was "the first time reached the level of a full-fledged mass movement."
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Draftmen go free : a history of the anti-conscription movement in Australia
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Vietnam Moratorium protesters in the City Square, Melbourne, September 18, 1970
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the government of North Vietnam ceased trying to overthrow the government of
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wanted the US flag to be flown at half-staff; however, Baseball Commissioner
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overruled the mayor and ordered the flag to be flown at full staff. Also,
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Create peaceful mass action to end American involvement in the Vietnam War
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1969 nationwide activism against the US involvement in the Vietnam War
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The VMC and CICD certainly shared a number of members, among them
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which had occurred on March 16, 1968, which led to Lieutenant
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As with previous large anti-war demonstrations, including the
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Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
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Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
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Association for International Co-operation and Disarmament
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National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
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National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
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National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
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if the war had not concluded by October. David Hawk and
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1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity
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Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
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Two thousand people trying to get between the 1166:, New York: Simon & Schuster 2000 p.594-595 883:"1969: Millions march in US Vietnam Moratorium" 1717:April 15, 1967 Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations 2735:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces 2090: 1574: 1422:"Thousands join in Moratorium, few incidents" 105: 8: 1763:1968 Democratic National Convention protests 1958:Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee 1186:, New York: Simon & Schuster 2000 p.595 1000:, New York: Simon & Schuster 2000 p.594 968: 966: 964: 962: 853:List of protest marches on Washington, D.C. 2097: 2083: 2075: 1604: 1581: 1567: 1559: 112: 98: 90: 29: 2688:Global Day of Action on Military Spending 1125:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.600-601. 1077:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.599-600. 3033:October 1969 events in the United States 1318: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1137:"Second moratorium against the war held" 1117: 1115: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1061: 641:, and the police sprayed the crowd with 1706:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 1426:Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995) 1252:"Nixon and the 1969 Vietnam Moratorium" 1048:Wornsnop, Richard "United States" from 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 874: 2420:Soviet influence on the peace movement 930: 928: 433:in the evening bearing candles led by 2607:World March for Peace and Nonviolence 1846:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion 1109:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.600. 1032:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.599. 976:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.598. 938:, New York: Viking Press, 1983 p.601. 275:across the United States against the 191:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion 7: 2764:Third Party Non-violent Intervention 1830:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam 1777:Columbia University protests of 1968 1344:"Transcript: David E. Kennell, 1969" 1050:Encyclopedia Britannia Yearbook 1970 262:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam 186:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam 161:Columbia University protests of 1968 33:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam 1197:"1969 Year in Review: War Protests" 302:When the new Republican president, 2989:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir 2886:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 2174:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp 1983:Movement for a Democratic Military 1653:1965 March against the Vietnam War 713:National Museum of Natural History 409:and included controversy as Mayor 25: 2481:International Day of Non-Violence 2139:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 2003:Students for a Democratic Society 3043:United States in the Vietnam War 3038:Protests against the Vietnam War 2891:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2023:Vietnam Veterans Against the War 1625:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War 1250:Wiener, Jon (January 12, 2010). 949:"Interview with Sam Brown, 1982" 822: 744:Melbourne Peace Congress of 1959 609: 592: 578: 239:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War 2264:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 2018:United States Servicemen's Fund 405:, the day marked Game 4 of the 2184:List of pacifist organisations 1820:Weather High School Jailbreaks 1782:Court-martial of Susan Schnall 843:List of anti-war organizations 321:The Moratorium developed from 176:Weather High School Jailbreaks 124:involvement in the Vietnam War 1: 2064:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth 1396:Commons Social Change Library 1223:Songs of the Vietnam Conflict 325:'s April 20, 1969 call for a 141:March Against the Vietnam War 40:opposition to the Vietnam War 2590:World Peace Bell Association 2491:Dialogue Among Civilizations 2194:New Socialist Party of Japan 2179:Iraq War resisters in Canada 2144:Coalition of Women for Peace 1892:Winter Soldier Investigation 1712:Court-martial of Howard Levy 2758:The whole world is watching 2526:Peace & Love (festival) 2476:Imagine Piano Peace Project 2049:Counterculture of the 1960s 1948:Concerned Officers Movement 1769:The whole world is watching 122:Opposition to United States 3064: 2881:2011 intervention in Libya 2501:List of places named Peace 2486:International Day of Peace 2204:Peace and conflict studies 2124:Anti-nuclear organizations 1993:Pacific Counseling Service 1736:The Ultimate Confrontation 1674:political self-immolations 1227:Greenwood Publishing Group 764: 480: 383:1967 March on the Pentagon 3023:1969 in the United States 2997: 2516:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2511:Mother's Day Proclamation 2461:Dances of Universal Peace 2274:The Women's Peace Crusade 1648:Edmonton aircraft bombing 1548:, New York: Viking Press. 1221:Perone, James E. (2001). 838:Anti-Vietnam War movement 136:Edmonton aircraft bombing 131: 37: 2777:Violence begets violence 2710:Non-aggression principle 2580:The Non-Violence Project 2560:Promoting Enduring Peace 2543:Promoting Enduring Peace 2199:Pacifist Socialist Party 1544:Karnow, Stanley (1983). 1482:espace.library.uq.edu.au 1476:Garner, Grahame (1970). 695:Cleveland String Quartet 656:Woodstock Music Festival 500:"silent majority speech" 82:Growing protest movement 2871:Military action in Iran 2506:Monuments and memorials 2456:Concert Yutel for Peace 2259:React, Include, Recycle 2189:List of peace activists 2154:Conscientious objectors 1615:1960s Berkeley protests 1538:10.1525/ch.2015.92.2.22 1530:10.1525/ch.2015.92.2.22 1428:. 1970-05-09. p. 1 848:List of peace activists 784:. 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Averell Harriman 431:Pennsylvania Avenue 279:involvement in the 234:Central Park be-ins 2812:American Civil War 2704:Make love, not war 2678:Economic sanctions 2633:Civil disobedience 2466:Festival for Peace 2439:Media and cultural 2425:Testimony of peace 2345:Christian pacifism 1943:Chicano Moratorium 1851:Free The Army tour 1630:Draft-card burning 1546:Vietnam: A History 1518:California History 1510:Books and articles 1282:2017-03-22 at the 1275:See, for example, 1229:. pp. 57–58. 1123:Vietnam: A History 1107:Vietnam: A History 1075:Vietnam: A History 1030:Vietnam: A History 974:Vietnam: A History 936:Vietnam: A History 777: 705:Justice Department 651:Smithsonian Museum 514:The New York Times 435:Coretta Scott King 196:Free The Army tour 18:Vietnam Moratorium 3010: 3009: 2913:Military taxation 2783:War tax resisters 2350:Deterrence theory 2129:Anti-war movement 2072: 2071: 2054:Anti-war movement 1973:G.I. coffeehouses 1924: 1923: 1392:"The Vietnam War" 1390:Pt'Chang (2022). 1236:978-0-313-31528-2 955:on July 14, 2012. 895:. 15 October 1969 679:Leonard Bernstein 570:November 15, 1969 527:Second Moratorium 407:1969 World Series 257: 256: 171:Bed-Ins for Peace 88: 87: 75:Richard Nixon's " 16:(Redirected from 3055: 2837:list of protests 2698:Lesson of Munich 2653:Demilitarisation 2531:Peace journalism 2325:Anti-imperialism 2308:Anarcho-pacifism 2244:Peace psychology 2224:Peace conference 2219:Peace commission 2164:Culture of Peace 2099: 2092: 2085: 2076: 2059:Protests of 1968 1953:Donald W. Duncan 1662:Donald W. Duncan 1605: 1583: 1576: 1569: 1560: 1541: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1488: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1291: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1193: 1187: 1180: 1167: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1132: 1126: 1121:Karnow, Stanley 1119: 1110: 1105:Karnow, Stanley 1103: 1078: 1073:Karnow, Stanley 1071: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1046: 1033: 1028:Karnow, Stanley 1026: 1001: 994: 977: 972:Karnow, Stanley 970: 957: 956: 945: 939: 934:Karnow, Stanley 932: 923: 922: 911: 905: 904: 902: 900: 879: 863:Black Moratorium 832: 827: 826: 825: 632:Capitol building 628:Washington, D.C. 613: 596: 582: 572:Washington, D.C. 368:Patrick Buchanan 360:North Vietnamese 308:Peace with Honor 293:First Moratorium 126: 114: 107: 100: 91: 30: 21: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3048:George McGovern 3013: 3012: 3011: 3006: 2993: 2922: 2866:Afghanistan War 2817:Second Boer War 2793: 2787: 2611: 2434: 2288: 2234:Peace education 2117:Peace advocates 2112: 2103: 2073: 2068: 2037: 1963:Fort Hood Three 1930: 1920: 1915:Pentagon Papers 1880: 1834: 1791: 1787:Presidio mutiny 1751: 1747:self-immolation 1700:Angry Arts week 1688: 1679:Fort Hood Three 1666:Norman Morrison 1636: 1599: 1592: 1587: 1515: 1512: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1486: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1431: 1429: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1374: 1372: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1284:Wayback Machine 1274: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1182:Lannguth, A.J. 1181: 1170: 1162:Lannguth, A.J. 1161: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1113: 1104: 1081: 1072: 1068: 1060: 1056: 1047: 1036: 1027: 1004: 996:Lannguth, A.J. 995: 980: 971: 960: 947: 946: 942: 933: 926: 913: 912: 908: 898: 896: 881: 880: 876: 872: 828: 823: 821: 818: 769: 763: 739: 734: 726: 624: 623: 622: 621: 620: 614: 605: 604: 603: 597: 588: 587: 586: 583: 574: 573: 571: 569: 563: 550:My Lai Massacre 534: 529: 523:for criticism. 485: 483:Silent Majority 479: 467:Arthur Goldberg 459:David Dellinger 447:George McGovern 421:Game 4 Starter 399: 353:or the radical 335:Eugene McCarthy 323:Jerome Grossman 300: 295: 258: 253: 225: 151:Angry Arts week 127: 123: 120: 118: 77:Silent majority 57: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3015: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2979:United Kingdom 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2797: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2602:Women in Black 2599: 2598: 2597: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2365:Green politics 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2335:Antimilitarism 2332: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2239:Peace movement 2236: 2231: 2229:Peace congress 2226: 2221: 2216: 2214:Peace churches 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2169:ECOPEACE Party 2166: 2161: 2159:Counterculture 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2110:peace movement 2104: 2102: 2101: 2094: 2087: 2079: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2008:Terry Whitmore 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1861:Fort Lewis Six 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1602: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1549: 1542: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1505: 1493: 1468: 1456: 1447: 1438: 1413: 1401: 1382: 1357: 1335: 1323: 1306: 1292: 1268: 1242: 1235: 1213: 1188: 1168: 1155: 1127: 1111: 1079: 1066: 1054: 1034: 1002: 978: 958: 940: 924: 919:jacobinmag.com 906: 873: 871: 868: 867: 866: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 834: 833: 817: 814: 762: 759: 738: 735: 733: 730: 725: 722: 615: 608: 607: 606: 598: 591: 590: 589: 584: 577: 576: 575: 567: 566: 565: 564: 562: 559: 554:William Calley 538:Robert Rheault 533: 530: 528: 525: 478: 475: 455:Benjamin Spock 451:Stanley Karnow 398: 395: 391:Rhodes Scholar 351:counterculture 343:Marge Sklencar 327:general strike 316:Lyndon Johnson 312:Vietnamization 299: 296: 294: 291: 255: 254: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 132: 129: 128: 119: 117: 116: 109: 102: 94: 86: 85: 84: 83: 80: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 49: 47: 43: 42: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3060: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3028:1969 protests 3026: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984:United States 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2844:War on Terror 2842: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2800:War of 1812 ( 2799: 2798: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2730:Peacebuilding 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668:Draft evasion 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2648:De-escalation 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2550:Peace One Day 2548: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2355:Direct action 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2313:Anarcho-punks 2311: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2279:War resisters 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1978:Intrepid Four 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:Chicago Seven 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931:organizations 1927: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1871:Hard Hat Riot 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1815:Chicago Seven 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1595: 1591: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1502: 1501:Melbourne Sun 1497: 1494: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1383: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1358: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1321:, p. 35. 1320: 1319:Fountain 2015 1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1243: 1238: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1217: 1214: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1064:, p. 33. 1063: 1062:Fountain 2015 1058: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 993: 991: 989: 987: 985: 983: 979: 975: 969: 967: 965: 963: 959: 954: 950: 944: 941: 937: 931: 929: 925: 920: 916: 910: 907: 894: 890: 889: 884: 878: 875: 869: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 831: 820: 815: 813: 809: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 773: 768: 760: 758: 756: 752: 747: 745: 736: 731: 729: 723: 721: 717: 714: 710: 706: 702: 701: 696: 692: 688: 685:, the singer 684: 680: 676: 673:'s new song " 672: 668: 663: 659: 657: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639:DuPont Circle 635: 633: 629: 619: 612: 602: 595: 581: 560: 558: 555: 551: 548:revealed the 547: 546:Seymour Hersh 543: 539: 531: 526: 524: 522: 521: 516: 515: 508: 506: 505:South Vietnam 501: 496: 493: 492: 484: 476: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 403:New York City 396: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 375: 373: 369: 365: 364:Phạm Văn Đồng 361: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304:Richard Nixon 297: 292: 290: 288: 287:Fred Halstead 284: 282: 278: 277:United States 274: 270: 269:demonstration 267: 263: 250: 247: 245: 244:G.I. movement 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 226: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 211:Hard Hat Riot 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 130: 125: 115: 110: 108: 103: 101: 96: 95: 92: 81: 78: 74: 73: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 51:United States 48: 44: 41: 36: 31: 19: 2827:World War II 2683:Flower power 2535: 2375:Isolationism 2249:Peace treaty 2013:The Newsreel 1913: 1901: 1829: 1825:Days of Rage 1802: 1744:Nhat Chi Mai 1734: 1728:Flower Power 1727: 1545: 1524:(2): 22–41. 1521: 1517: 1500: 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Retrieved 886: 877: 830:1960s portal 810: 806: 778: 748: 740: 727: 718: 698: 691:Arlo Guthrie 664: 660: 636: 625: 601:U.S. Capitol 535: 532:Developments 518: 512: 509: 497: 489: 486: 471:Dick Gregory 428: 411:John Lindsay 400: 387:Bill Clinton 376: 339:David Mixner 320: 301: 285: 261: 259: 185: 181:Days of Rage 38:Part of the 2974:Switzerland 2959:Netherlands 2832:Vietnam War 2822:World War I 2693:Human Be-In 2430:World peace 2395:Nonviolence 2360:Finvenkismo 2340:Appeasement 2254:Peaceworker 1684:Human Be-In 1641:Before 1967 1184:Our Vietnam 1164:Our Vietnam 1142:History.com 998:Our Vietnam 888:On This Day 761:Moratoriums 687:John Denver 671:John Lennon 669:in singing 667:Pete Seeger 439:White House 372:Spiro Agnew 281:Vietnam War 146:Human Be-In 70:Resulted in 3017:Categories 2939:Costa Rica 2725:Peace walk 2537:Peace News 2415:Satyagraha 2400:Pacificism 2390:Nonkilling 2304:Anarchism 2293:Ideologies 2209:Peace camp 1929:People and 1658:Alice Herz 1600:and events 1487:2020-05-11 1432:2020-05-11 1261:28 January 1256:The Nation 782:Kent State 765:See also: 751:Jim Cairns 737:Background 481:See also: 423:Tom Seaver 415:Bowie Kuhn 298:Background 2927:Countries 2908:Landmines 2896:in Russia 2854:Criticism 2663:Desertion 2149:Code Pink 1375:March 28, 1350:March 28, 1288:recording 1286:and this 1206:March 28, 1148:March 26, 899:March 28, 870:Citations 786:Melbourne 724:Aftermath 542:Viet Cong 477:Aftermath 389:, then a 347:John Gage 331:Sam Brown 55:Australia 3002:Category 2859:Protests 2849:Iraq War 2752:Teach-in 2405:Pacifism 2106:Anti-war 1909:FTA Show 1598:Protests 1280:Archived 893:BBC News 816:See also 798:Adelaide 794:Brisbane 693:and the 643:tear gas 362:Premier 355:New Left 273:teach-in 79:" speech 46:Location 2944:Germany 2575:Symbols 2521:Museums 2042:Related 2033:Yippies 1608:General 1052:p. 783. 647:shelter 437:to the 266:massive 2949:Israel 2934:Canada 2673:Die-in 2623:Bed-in 2370:Hippie 2300:Ahimsa 1810:Bed-in 1536:  1233:  802:Hobart 790:Sydney 465:, and 310:" and 264:was a 2969:Sudan 2964:Spain 2954:Japan 2570:Songs 2555:Plays 2471:Films 2451:Books 2410:Peace 2269:Unity 1730:photo 1672:1965 1534:JSTOR 616:Near 599:Near 561:March 397:March 62:Goals 2108:and 1885:1971 1839:1970 1796:1969 1756:1968 1693:1967 1377:2012 1352:2012 1263:2014 1231:ISBN 1208:2012 1150:2017 901:2012 800:and 700:Hair 517:and 491:Time 419:Mets 318:'s. 271:and 260:The 53:and 2446:Art 1526:doi 1201:UPI 401:In 3019:: 2806:US 2804:; 2802:UK 1668:, 1664:, 1660:, 1532:. 1522:92 1520:. 1480:. 1424:. 1394:. 1368:. 1309:^ 1254:. 1225:. 1199:. 1171:^ 1139:. 1114:^ 1082:^ 1037:^ 1005:^ 981:^ 961:^ 927:^ 917:. 891:. 885:. 796:, 792:, 746:. 461:, 457:, 345:, 341:, 2808:) 2779:" 2775:" 2772:" 2768:" 2760:" 2756:" 2743:" 2739:" 2706:" 2702:" 2098:e 2091:t 2084:v 1771:" 1767:" 1708:" 1704:" 1582:e 1575:t 1568:v 1540:. 1528:: 1490:. 1435:. 1398:. 1379:. 1354:. 1303:. 1290:. 1265:. 1239:. 1210:. 1152:. 921:. 903:. 113:e 106:t 99:v 20:)

Index

Vietnam Moratorium
opposition to the Vietnam War
United States
Australia
Silent majority
v
t
e
Opposition to United States
involvement in the Vietnam War

Edmonton aircraft bombing
March Against the Vietnam War
Human Be-In
Angry Arts week
March on the Pentagon
Columbia University protests of 1968
1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity
Bed-Ins for Peace
Weather High School Jailbreaks
Days of Rage
Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
Free The Army tour
Kent State shootings
Student strike of 1970
Hard Hat Riot
Sterling Hall bombing
1971 May Day protests
1960s Berkeley protests
Central Park be-ins
Draft evasion in the Vietnam War

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