391:
266:
450:
Initially, scholars thought that there was a single
Vikrantavarman ruled over Champa from 658 to 741, an impossible straight 83-years-reign. The existence of two kings named Vikrantavarman were figured out shortly after. Chinese documents reported that Prakāśadharma (Vikrantavarman I) had died in 686
597:
Inscriptions of Campā based on the editions and translations of Abel
Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar. Newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given
375:) reigning from 653 to 687, which is often attributed to the profile of Prakāśadharma. Prakāśadharma offered the Tang court an elephant on May 9, 653. He sent four more times envoys to the Tang court in May 654, February 657, August 669, and 670.
417:
He named for his beloved deity
Kandarpapureśvara after his great-grandfather and king Kandarpadharma. Kandarpadharma was the father of Prakāśadharma's paternal grandmother. Jagaddharma was likely an alternative name for hitherto
441:
Many pedestals, or kosas, were erected for his devotions to Śiva and Vishnu. Prakāśadharma's words proved himself a sophisticated, well-educated monarch in cosmopolitan
Sanskrit learning and Indian philosophy.
282:
Prakāśadharma conducted a series of military campaigns against other chiefdoms in the south. By 658 AD it is apparent that Champa's territory had already established to near modern-day
378:
Palaeographists however keep a skeptic that a straightforward identification of the data of medieval
Chinese sources about the kingdom of Lam Ap/Linyi with epigraphic evidence of the
219:
from the
Gangaraja (Simhapura) dynasty, modern-day Central Vietnam, reigning from 653 to 686. His original name was Prakāśadharma but he took the appellation
696:
310:
It was highly likely that Prakāśadharma had spent some of his courtier and vacational times in the city of Viṣṇupura (at present day Cổ Thành,
455:(r. ?-741, Jianduodamo). The second problem is as reported by Chinese annals, Prakāśadharma traditionally is believed to be succeeded by
426:'s male descendants were put to death by a minister, Jagaddharma, one of his nephew who had escaped, traveling to the Khmer city Bhavapura (
606:
1182:
738:
607:"Études du Corpus des inscriptions du Campā. V. The Short Foundation Inscriptions of Prakāśadharman-Vikrāntavarman, King of Campā"
783:
778:
1117:
294:
The illustrious conqueror, king of Campā, of great wisdom, called Śrī Prakāśadharman, has established Amareśa, the great...
689:
943:
978:
860:
647:
114:
62:
1082:
1388:
993:
682:
933:
287:
913:
236:
390:
315:
898:
793:
1322:
1142:
1069:
1053:
1043:
953:
938:
773:
635:
Champā: History and
Culture of an Indian Colonial Kingdom in the Far East, 2nd-16th Century AD, book III
290:. Notes that Champa's territorial extent was neither fixed or only one dynasty ruling entire the realm.
855:
419:
1192:
998:
968:
873:
665:
460:
72:
1327:
1028:
928:
788:
948:
883:
1347:
1307:
1277:
1177:
1087:
1048:
1013:
988:
808:
798:
368:
248:
963:
813:
803:
262:
He was known for expanding the Champa kingdom to the south, uniting the realm under one dynasty.
1312:
1297:
923:
918:
908:
830:
753:
311:
176:
1167:
1157:
1152:
743:
1262:
1038:
1018:
983:
878:
456:
452:
395:
126:
121:
186:
1317:
1197:
1137:
888:
621:
364:
345:
332:
257:
1332:
1107:
748:
104:
88:
1342:
1242:
1003:
768:
427:
1102:
1097:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1132:
1033:
973:
850:
845:
758:
705:
655:
423:
407:
224:
34:
1112:
719:
411:
403:
307:(district) for the first time. There were at least two known viṣayas: Caum and Midit.
270:
1382:
1302:
1217:
1207:
1092:
1008:
958:
818:
435:
410:(the father of his grandfather's mother), for Śiva's friend Ekākṣapiṅgalā? Kuvera at
379:
228:
265:
1367:
1362:
1337:
1257:
1252:
1061:
1023:
903:
840:
223:
when he was crowned in 653. He was the son of Prince
Jagaddharma, the grandson of
1357:
1352:
1147:
1122:
893:
733:
354:
319:
283:
147:
1282:
1162:
625:
49:
763:
406:, dedicating particularly to Śiva. Those temples he desired the worships of
303:
Prakāśadharma introduced and implemented the territorial division unit of
1272:
1127:
200:
196:
1287:
1267:
163:
1247:
1202:
709:
431:
337:
232:
216:
92:
674:
459:. However, recent research shows indications that there is a king
389:
264:
502:
500:
725:
678:
463:
414:, dedicating for Amareśa; and a golden portrait of Śiva.
402:
273:, erected by King Prakāśadharman-Vikrantavarman in 657 AD.
430:) and then got married with Queen Śarvānī, daughter of
1176:
827:
716:
192:
182:
172:
162:
146:
136:
120:
110:
98:
82:
78:
68:
58:
48:
40:
33:
21:
239:in 653, 654, 669, and 670, which he was known as
578:
566:
506:
479:
292:
690:
8:
359:Zhu Ghede's actual name was transcribed as
697:
683:
675:
641:
605:Goodall, Dominic; Griffiths, Arlo (2013).
322:in Champa can only be found in Quang Tri.
18:
451:and was succeeded by a son and namesake,
227:, and Princess Sarväpi, daughter of king
554:
542:
530:
472:
518:
491:
133:
1348:Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
7:
1328:Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
969:Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
438:, and gave birth to Prakāśadharma.
235:. He sent embassies to the court of
394:Inscription of Prakasadharma's son
774:Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
14:
1343:Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
1338:Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
1363:Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
1098:Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
1:
1358:Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
1298:Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
1103:Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
851:Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
373:*pɑt-kaɨ/kɛ:-ɕia’/ɕiaʰ-bɑt-mɑ
1168:Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
1163:Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
1158:Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
1133:Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
1128:Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
954:Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
809:Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
759:Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
579:Goodall & Griffiths 2013
567:Goodall & Griffiths 2013
507:Goodall & Griffiths 2013
480:Goodall & Griffiths 2013
382:Valley is hardly plausible.
253:pɑt-kaɨ/kɛ:-ɕia’/ɕiaʰ-bɑt-mɑ
1368:Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)
1183:Principality of Thuận Thành
1148:Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
595:Golzio, Karl-Heinz (2004),
1405:
1143:Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
1123:Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
861:Daughter of Kandarpadharma
846:Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
764:Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
648:Daughter of Kandarpadharma
215:(?–686 AD), was a king of
115:Daughter of Kandarpadharma
63:Daughter of Kandarpadharma
1153:Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
1118:Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
1083:Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
662:
653:
644:
626:10.1163/15728536-13560307
398:on a pedestal at My Son.
153:
141:
132:
26:
994:Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
633:Majumdar, R. C. (1927),
1113:Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
637:, Gyan Publishing House
237:Emperor Gaozong of Tang
399:
296:
274:
255:), as recorded in the
1323:Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
1293:Vietnamese occupation
393:
326:Envoys to Tang Empire
269:Stele at Temple E of
268:
1029:Jaya Indravarman III
979:Paramesvaravarman II
794:Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
614:Indo-Iranian Journal
386:Constructing temples
1308:Po Thuntiraidaputih
1278:Po Saktiraydapaghoh
1088:Jaya Indravarman VI
1049:Jaya Indravarman IV
1014:Jaya Indravarman II
989:Jaya Sinhavarman II
944:Paramesvaravarman I
581:, pp. 437–438.
369:Late Middle Chinese
336:recorded a king of
278:Expansion of Champa
249:Late Middle Chinese
1313:Po Rattiraydaputao
1288:Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
1070:Jaya Indravarman V
1054:Suryajayavarmadeva
1044:Jaya Harivarman II
939:Jaya Indravarman I
919:Jaya Simhavarman I
909:Vikrantavarman III
422:(r. 650?-?). When
400:
275:
1376:
1375:
1273:Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
1263:Po Klaong Mah Nai
1039:Jaya Harivarman I
1019:Paramabhodhisatva
984:Vikrantavarman IV
879:Vikrantavarman II
856:Bhadresvaravarman
841:Jaya Sambhuvarman
784:Phạm Dương Mại II
673:
672:
663:Succeeded by
650: ?–653
457:Vikrantavarman II
453:Vikrantavarman II
420:Bhadreśvaravarman
396:Vikrantavarman II
206:
205:
168:Simhapura dynasty
158:
157:
142:Śrī Prakāśadharma
127:Vikrantavarman II
1396:
1318:Po Tisundimahrai
1198:Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
1138:Virabhadravarman
1078:Khmer occupation
1074:
1066:
1058:
999:Bhadravarman III
889:Prithindravarman
874:Naravahanavarman
869:Vikrantavarman I
865:
779:Phạm Dương Mại I
699:
692:
685:
676:
666:Naravahanavarman
645:Preceded by
642:
638:
629:
620:(3–4): 419–440.
611:
601:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
521:, pp. 9–10.
516:
510:
504:
495:
489:
483:
477:
461:Naravāhanavarman
352:), while in the
333:New Book of Tang
258:New Book of Tang
209:Vikrāntavarman I
134:
73:Naravāhanavarman
22:Vikrāntavarman I
19:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1389:Kings of Champa
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1243:Po Klaong Halau
1185:
1181:
1172:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1004:Rudravarman III
934:Indravarman III
929:Bhadravarman II
863:
833:
829:
823:
789:Phạm Thần Thành
769:Manorathavarman
724:
722:
718:
712:
703:
669:
659:
651:
632:
609:
604:
600:, Shaker Verlag
594:
591:
586:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
517:
513:
505:
498:
490:
486:
478:
474:
469:
448:
428:Sambor Prei Kuk
388:
348:: 諸葛地, pinyin:
328:
316:Thạch Hãn River
301:
280:
103:
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Po Thong Khang
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1213:Sha Ri Di Zhai
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1073:(Khmer vassal)
1067:
1065:(Khmer vassal)
1062:Suryavarmadeva
1059:
1057:(Khmer vassal)
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1034:Rudravarman IV
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Harivarman III
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Indravarman IV
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
914:Indravarman II
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Rudravarman II
881:
876:
871:
866:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
835:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
730:
728:
714:
713:
704:
702:
701:
694:
687:
679:
671:
670:
664:
661:
660:653–686
656:King of Champa
652:
646:
640:
639:
630:
602:
590:
587:
584:
583:
571:
569:, p. 434.
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
509:, p. 429.
496:
484:
482:, p. 420.
471:
470:
468:
465:
447:
444:
424:Prabhasadharma
408:Kandarpadharma
387:
384:
327:
324:
314:, east of the
300:
299:Administration
297:
279:
276:
225:Kandarpadharma
221:Vikrāntavarman
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
166:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:Vikrāntavarman
151:
150:
144:
143:
139:
138:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
35:King of Champa
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1401:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Po Ganuhpatih
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Po Maho Sarak
1226:
1224:
1223:Po Karut Drak
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Sha Gu Bu Luo
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Indravarman V
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Harivarman IV
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Harivarman II
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Indravarman I
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
826:
820:
819:Rudravarman I
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Phạm Chư Nông
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
721:
715:
711:
707:
700:
695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
680:
677:
667:
658:
657:
649:
643:
636:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
608:
603:
599:
593:
592:
588:
580:
575:
572:
568:
563:
560:
557:, p. 36.
556:
555:Majumdar 1927
551:
548:
545:, p. 15.
544:
543:Majumdar 1927
539:
536:
533:, p. 27.
532:
531:Majumdar 1927
527:
524:
520:
515:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
494:, p. 10.
493:
488:
485:
481:
476:
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
445:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
397:
392:
385:
383:
381:
380:Thu Bon River
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
298:
295:
291:
289:
285:
277:
272:
267:
263:
261:
259:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Isanavarman I
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Prakāśadharma
210:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
165:
161:
152:
149:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
101:
97:
94:
90:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1292:
1258:Po Aih Khang
1253:Po Jai Paran
1077:
1024:Harivarman V
964:Yang Bo Zhan
904:Harivarman I
868:
814:Vijayavarman
804:Phạm Văn Tẩn
654:
634:
617:
613:
596:
589:Bibliography
574:
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
487:
475:
449:
440:
416:
401:
377:
372:
361:Bojiashebamo
360:
353:
349:
341:
331:
329:
309:
304:
302:
293:
281:
256:
252:
245:Bojiashebamo
244:
240:
220:
212:
208:
207:
28:Raja-di-raja
27:
16:Raja-di-raja
1353:Po Bait Lan
924:Saktivarman
894:Satyavarman
831:Chiêm Thành
668:686–?
519:Golzio 2004
492:Golzio 2004
436:Isanavarman
355:Tang Huiyao
320:Vaishnavism
177:Jagaddharma
148:Regnal name
59:Predecessor
1283:Po Jatamah
1233:Po Kunarai
1193:Bố Trì Trì
1178:Panduranga
467:References
446:Succession
243:(諸葛地) and
50:Coronation
1186:1471–1835
828:Zhancheng
754:Phạm Phật
739:Phạm Hùng
367:: 鉢伽舍跋摩;
342:Zhu Ghede
312:Quảng Trị
288:Khánh Hòa
241:Zhu Ghedi
105:Simhapura
89:Simhapura
69:Successor
1383:Category
1218:Po Kabih
1108:Chế Năng
864:(female)
834:875–1471
749:Phạm Văn
744:Phạm Dật
734:Khu Liên
350:Zhū Gěde
286:city in
284:Ninh Hòa
247:(鉢伽舍跋摩,
201:Buddhism
197:Hinduism
193:Religion
1268:Po Rome
1180:-Champa
723:192-605
365:Chinese
346:Chinese
305:viṣayas
187:Sarväpi
164:Dynasty
111:Consort
44:653-686
1248:Po Nit
1203:Gu Lai
720:Lâm Ấp
710:Champa
432:Zhenla
412:Mỹ Sơn
404:Mỹ Sơn
340:named
338:Lam Ap
271:Mỹ Sơn
233:Zhenla
217:Champa
183:Mother
173:Father
93:Champa
1238:Po At
717:Linyi
706:Kings
610:(PDF)
598:dates
434:king
137:Names
122:Issue
41:Reign
726:Xitu
330:The
99:Died
83:Born
708:of
622:doi
318:).
231:of
211:or
102:686
54:653
1385::
618:56
616:.
612:.
499:^
371::
251::
199:,
91:,
698:e
691:t
684:v
628:.
624::
363:(
357:,
344:(
260:.
86:?
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