418:
486:
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531:
63:
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385:(one of the first women in Cuba to study this subject). While attending Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, she played volleyball, tennis, and was a soprano in the University Choir. In university, Espin met her mentor Frank Pais in a university group called Oriente Revolutionary Action (ARO), which was responsible for the assault on the Moncada barracks. After graduating, her father encouraged her to attend
1211:
517:, and remained in that position until her death in 2007. The organization's primary goals were educating women, giving them the necessary skills to seek gainful employment, and above all encouraging them to participate in politics and support the revolutionary government. In 1960, when sugar mills and cane fields were under attack across Cuba shortly before the
521:
invasion, the
Federation of Cuban Women created the Emergency Medical Response Brigades to mobilize women against counter-revolution. The Cuban government and the Federation encouraged women to join the labor force, even going so far as to pass the Cuban Family Code in 1975, a law mandating that men
464:
and representatives of the 26th of July
Movement in 1957. Espín, as both a revolutionary leader and the daughter of a Bacardi executive, told Kirkpatrick that the revolutionaries only wanted "what you Americans have: clean politics and a clean police system." She also acted as an interpreter for an
651:
the day after her death. Thousands of Cubans paid their respects in a receiving line at the Plaza of the
Revolution in Havana. Raúl Castro was in the receiving line, but Fidel Castro was not present. The Cuban government released a statement praising her as "one of the most relevant fighters for
660:
was opened in Havana in April 2013. Espin founded the Frente
Continental de Mujeres Contra la Intervención (Continental Women’s Front Against Intervention, FCMCI) and the Regional Center of the International Democratic Federation of Women for the Americas and Caribbean.
583:
Espín headed the Cuban
Delegation to the Congress of the International Federation of Democratic Women in Chile in September 1959. She also headed the Cuban delegations to subsequent Conferences on Women, praising them as "invaluable to women in developing countries."
509:, but distinctly separated herself and the goals of the Federation of Cuban Women from traditional feminism, insisting advocacy for 'feminine' not 'feminist'. Her involvement in the revolution helped transform the role of women in Cuba and in 1960, Espín became the
377:, Jose Espín and wife Margarita Guillois. She had four siblings, Nilsa, Iván, Sonia and José. Espín attended Academia Pérez-Peña for primary school and studied ballet and singing at the Asociación Pro-Arte Cubano during the 1940s. In the 1950s, she studied
1315:
550:, including chair of the Commission for Social Prevention from 1967 to 1971, director of Industrial Development in the Ministry of Food in 1969, president of the Institute of Childcare in 1971, and member of the
1858:
1195:
Torres
Santana, Ailynn, and Michelle Chase. "Vilma Espín (1930–2007): Forging a New Woman within the Cuban Revolution." Springer International Publishing, Cham, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13127-1_25.
643:
at 4:14 p.m. EDT on 18 June 2007, following a long illness. An official mourning-period was declared from 8 p.m. on 18 June until 10 p.m. on 19 June. A funeral ceremony was held at the
437:
in July 1953 and release from prison in 1955. Espin acted as a messenger between the Julio 26 Movement in Mexico and Pais back in Cuba. She then went on to assist the revolutionaries in the
1312:
1141:
477:
in 1957, which served the dual purpose of spreading news of the revolution and assuring Cubans and the international community that
Batista's claims of Castro's death were false.
1808:
1692:
1467:
433:
led her to become a leader of the revolutionary movement in
Oriente province. Espín met the Castro brothers who had relocated to Mexico after their failed armed attack on the
682:
652:
women's emancipation in our country and in the world." Her body was cremated, and her remains rest in the Frank País
Mausoleum, Municipio II Frente in the province of
194:
357:
as an underground spy, and took an active role in many branches of the Cuban government from the conclusion of the revolution to her death. Espín helped found the
601:
597:
1848:
1783:
1328:
1803:
1763:
863:
Fenton, Alexandra. "Vilma Espín: Her Role in the
Federation of Cuban Women and the Evolution of Women’s Roles in Revolutionary Cuba, 1960-1975.", 2013
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to complete her post-graduate studies in the hopes that visiting America would dissuade her from becoming involved in
1538:
611:. She had four children (Deborah, Mariela, Nilsa, and Alejandro Castro Espín) and eight grandchildren. Her daughter,
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activity. When she finally acquiesced, her brief academic career at MIT left her with even more animosity toward the
124:
607:. Their wedding took place in 1959, only weeks after the 26th of July Movement had successfully overthrown dictator
1626:
1396:
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485:
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620:
514:
494:
358:
302:
145:
1064:
Johnson, Candace (2011). "Framing for Change: Social Policy, the State, and the Federación de Mujeres Cubanas".
879:
572:, who was divorced at the time he came to power. She officially became the First Lady in 2006 when her husband,
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allowed her to represent the revolutionary movement on an international scale. Pepín Bosch, an executive of the
1707:
1325:
390:
1607:
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1112:"Falleció la heroína de la clandestinidad y combatiente destacada del Ejército Rebelde Vilma Espín Guillois"
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in 1976. In addition to her roles within Cuba, Espín also served as Cuba's representative at the
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576:, became president. Additionally, she was granted the title of "Secretary of State" in the
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must help with household chores and childcare to lighten the workload for working mothers.
62:
17:
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770:"Espin, Vilma | The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography - Credo Reference"
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Returning home, she became more involved with the opposition to the dictator
1326:
http://cubahistory.org/en/corruption-a-coups/attack-on-moncada-barracks.html
394:
1697:
1085:
1014:"Vilma Espín Guillois | Cuban revolutionary and women's rights activist"
1308:
Biographies of Spouses of Heads of State and Government of the Americas
457:
37:
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Raúl Castro, Vilma Espín, Jorge Risquet and José Nivaldo Causse (1958)
648:
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374:
254:
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The Palgrave Handbook of Communist Women Activists around the World
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for 45 years, initially taking on the role as the sister-in-law to
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529:
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mountains after the 26th of July Movement's return to Cuba on the
416:
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and promoted equal rights for Cuban women in all spheres of life.
1142:"Falleció la heroína cubana Vilma Espín Guillois - Prensa Latina"
506:
339:
258:
1355:
1351:
1246:
Women in Cuba: The Making of a Revolution Within the Revolution
386:
881:
Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba: The Biography of a Cause
1244:
Espín, Vilma; de los Santos, Asela; Ferrer, Yolanda (2012).
1041:"Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois, wife of Raúl Castro, 77".
764:
762:
760:
758:
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from 1965 to 1989. She also held many other roles in the
1263:
Ferrer Gómez, Yolanda; Aguilar Ayerra, Carolina (2015).
968:
859:
857:
855:
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809:"Vilma Espín, Rebel and Wife of Raúl Castro, Dies at 77"
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460:, arranged a meeting between CIA Inspector General
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1859:Women's International Democratic Federation people
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369:Vilma Espín Guillois was born on 7 April 1930, in
725:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
712:
710:
195:Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba
44: and the second or maternal family name is
598:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
1367:
1267:(in Spanish). Havana: Editorial de la Mujer.
1265:Vilma Espín Guillois: El Fuego de la Libertad
8:
1809:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
623:, is a Colonel in the Ministry of Interior.
409:. Espin only completed one semester at MIT.
1564:
1374:
1360:
1352:
1118:(in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from
501:Vilma Espín was an outspoken supporter of
373:. She was the daughter of a wealthy Cuban
61:
50:
1286:. Yale Nota Bene. Yale University Press.
383:Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba
670:
617:Cuban National Center for Sex Education
283:
185:
94:2 December 1976 – 18 June 2007
1099:Ferrer Gómez & Aguilar Ayerra 2015
1008:
1006:
979:
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969:Espín, de los Santos & Ferrer 2012
845:Ferrer Gómez & Aguilar Ayerra 2015
676:
674:
429:. A meeting with revolutionary leader
158:23 August 1960 – 18 June 2007
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481:Role in the Federation of Cuban Women
353:. She helped supply and organize the
313:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1849:21st-century Cuban women politicians
1784:20th-century Cuban women politicians
986:"Espín de Castro, Vilma (1930–2007)"
907:
905:
903:
901:
832:
733:10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001
338:(7 April 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a
1804:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize
1764:Communist Party of Cuba politicians
1148:. 27 September 2007. Archived from
189:National Assembly of People's Power
100:16 February 1959 – 2 December 1976
25:
807:Depalma, Anthony (20 June 2007).
564:Espín took on the role of Cuba's
1209:
937:"Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois"
538:Espín served as a member of the
405:on her way back to Cuba through
600:, who is the brother to former
401:, as she officially joined the
279:
1854:21st-century Cuban politicians
1819:People of the Cuban Revolution
1789:20th-century Cuban politicians
1769:Cuban people of French descent
1343:Obituary: Vilma Espín Guillois
1313:Short Biography of Vilma Espin
1229:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
935:Gott, Richard (20 June 2007).
681:Guerra, Wendy (25 June 2018).
448:Espín's ability to speak both
1:
1834:Women in war in the Caribbean
68:
1814:People from Santiago de Cuba
1799:Government ministers of Cuba
526:Role in the Cuban government
493:during the formation of the
413:Role in the Cuban revolution
36:, the first or paternal
1225:de Haan, Francisca (2023).
727:, Oxford University Press,
336:Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois
222:Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois
18:Vilma Lucila Espín Guillois
1875:
1172:"Cuba Castro | AP Archive"
125:María de la Caridad Molina
31:
774:search.credoreference.com
717:Suchlicki, Jaime (2008),
534:Espín's guerrilla uniform
515:Federation of Cuban Women
495:Federation of Cuban Women
359:Federation of Cuban Women
329:
208:
151:
146:Federation of Cuban Women
87:
76:
60:
1539:Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart
1331:11 February 2021 at the
1248:. New York: Pathfinder.
984:Stoner, K. Lynn (2008).
656:, Cuba. The Vilma Espín
391:Cambridge, Massachusetts
365:Early life and education
1718:Relationship with dairy
1608:638 Ways to Kill Castro
1576:Fidel: The Untold Story
1475:Death and state funeral
1418:History Will Absolve Me
1018:Encyclopedia Britannica
683:"¿Primera Dama cubana?"
1844:Female revolutionaries
1839:Women in war 1945–1999
1681:Assassination attempts
1551:Alejandro Castro Espín
1521:Natalia Revuelta Clews
1456:Intervention in Angola
1282:Gott, Richard (2005).
636:
621:Alejandro Castro Espín
615:, currently heads the
552:Cuban Council of State
535:
498:
422:
1774:Cuban revolutionaries
1643:Fidel Castro Handbook
1635:The Real Fidel Castro
1412:26th of July Movement
878:Gjelten, Tom (2008).
634:
592:Espín was married to
544:Cuban Communist Party
533:
488:
420:
403:26th of July Movement
355:26th of July Movement
1491:Ángel Castro y Argiz
1446:Cuban Missile Crisis
1441:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1152:on 27 September 2007
379:chemical engineering
173:as General Secretary
169:Yolanda Ferrer Gómez
55:Vilma Espín Guillois
1829:Socialist feminists
1794:Fidel Castro family
1318:3 July 2018 at the
1284:Cuba: A New History
635:Tomb of Vilma Espín
458:Bacardi Corporation
1824:Chemical engineers
1693:Awards and honours
1468:Transfer of duties
1043:The New York Times
813:The New York Times
637:
578:Government of Cuba
536:
499:
465:interview between
445:in November 1956.
423:
200:Secretary of State
82:First Lady of Cuba
1741:
1740:
1669:
1668:
1600:Looking for Fidel
1515:Mirta Díaz-Balart
1338:Los Angeles Times
1236:978-3-031-13126-4
1176:www.aparchive.com
912:"Vilma Espin: ".
658:elementary school
645:Karl Marx Theatre
609:Fulgencio Batista
540:Central Committee
462:Lyman Kirkpatrick
427:Fulgencio Batista
351:chemical engineer
333:
332:
323:Lenin Peace Prize
182:Other office held
144:President of the
137:Lis Cuesta Peraza
16:(Redirected from
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1779:Cuban guerrillas
1703:Eponymous things
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1497:Ramón Castro Ruz
1451:Machurucuto raid
1402:Cuban Revolution
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1045:. 19 June 2007.
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916:. 20 June 2007.
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691:. Archived from
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627:Death and legacy
559:General Assembly
548:Cuban government
471:Herbert Matthews
435:Moncada Barracks
371:Santiago de Cuba
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1713:Religious views
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1561:Popular culture
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1533:Alina Fernández
1529:(sister-in-law)
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1333:Wayback Machine
1320:Wayback Machine
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695:on 18 June 2018
688:El Nuevo Herald
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602:First Secretary
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1651:Castro's Beard
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1302:External links
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1122:on 7 June 2008
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720:"Espín, Vilma"
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639:Espín died in
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613:Mariela Castro
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556:United Nations
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467:New York Times
439:Sierra Maestra
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1659:The Cuba Wars
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1627:Guerrilla War
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1347:The Guardian
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1179:. Retrieved
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1150:the original
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1120:the original
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693:the original
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491:Fidel Castro
475:Fidel Castro
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250:(2007-06-18)
248:18 June 2007
232:7 April 1930
172:
164:Succeeded by
153:
132:Succeeded by
109:Fidel Castro
96:
89:
45:
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34:Spanish name
29:
1759:2007 deaths
1754:1930 births
1527:Vilma Espín
1503:Raúl Castro
1436:Land reform
1431:Premiership
1217:Cuba portal
990:Gale eBooks
884:. Penguin.
594:Raúl Castro
574:Raúl Castro
519:Bay of Pigs
271:Raúl Castro
120:Preceded by
113:Raúl Castro
1748:Categories
1592:Comandante
1535:(daughter)
1463:Presidency
1397:Early life
1322:at Cuba.dk
1293:0300111142
1203:References
1181:5 November
1156:31 October
1051:2223220848
1023:5 November
995:4 November
818:27 January
779:4 November
748:4 November
566:First Lady
489:Espín and
431:Frank País
228:1930-04-07
1505:(brother)
1499:(brother)
1078:0361-4441
1072:: 35–51.
949:0261-3077
922:319763650
914:The Times
833:Gott 2005
511:president
469:reporter
395:socialist
325:(1977–78)
309:Education
303:Alejandro
154:In office
1708:Politics
1553:(nephew)
1511:(sister)
1493:(father)
1390:Timeline
1329:Archived
1316:Archived
1086:24487499
1047:ProQuest
918:ProQuest
347:feminist
294:Children
97:De facto
46:Guillois
32:In this
1733:(yacht)
1724:My Life
1547:(niece)
1523:(lover)
1426:Primacy
1126:19 June
699:30 June
542:of the
513:of the
454:English
450:Spanish
299:Mariela
288:
276:
90:In role
38:surname
1731:Granma
1662:(2008)
1654:(2006)
1646:(2006)
1638:(2003)
1630:(1987)
1611:(2006)
1603:(2004)
1595:(2003)
1587:(2002)
1579:(2001)
1517:(wife)
1484:Family
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1116:Granma
1084:
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954:8 June
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739:
649:Havana
641:Havana
588:Family
407:Mexico
375:lawyer
349:, and
319:Awards
282:
265:Spouse
255:Havana
139:(2018)
105:Leader
67:Espín
1698:Birán
1674:Other
1619:Other
1584:Fidel
1568:Films
1541:(son)
1082:JSTOR
665:Notes
340:Cuban
286:)
278:(
274:
42:Espín
1288:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1183:2019
1158:2022
1128:2007
1074:ISSN
1025:2019
997:2019
956:2020
945:ISSN
886:ISBN
820:2017
781:2019
750:2019
737:ISBN
701:2022
507:Cuba
473:and
452:and
301:and
284:1959
259:Cuba
245:Died
239:Cuba
218:Born
71:1958
729:doi
647:in
505:in
389:in
387:MIT
381:at
40:is
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20:)
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