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292:, it was sacred to Jupiter, who controlled the weather that governed the growing and ripening of grapes; moreover Jupiter's priest picked the first bunch of grapes, blessed the first sacred pressing and offered a sacrifice; these observations are borne out by Pliny the Elder. In practice, however, the festival had strong popular and cult connections to Venus as patron goddess of ordinary, religiously "impure" wine (
231:
of the previous autumn's pressing. As god of the weather on which the wine-harvest depended, Jupiter was offered a special libation of the previous year's sacred wine vintage, blessed by his high priest and poured into a ditch outside Venus' Capitoline temple, probably under the gaze of Rome's higher
388:, 6. 16; Varro's explicit denial that the festival belongs to Venus implies his awareness of the opposite opinion. Lipka offers this apparent contradiction as an example of two Roman cults that offer "complementary functional foci" within a single festival.
437:
409:
300:) may be evidence if not of Venus herself, then of an ancient, rustic Latin goddess very much like her. An account of the origins and rise of this festival is given by
284:. According to some sources, the warlike Mezentius had claimed this vintage as his due, not Jupiter's. Roman opinions differ on which deity presided at the
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430:
244:, mint, and rushes concealed in rose-bunches. In return, they asked her for "beauty and popular favour", and to be made "charming and witty".
240:) gathered at Venus Erycina's Colline temple – probably on separate occasions, for propriety's sake – to offer the goddess
423:
368:
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Olivier de
Cazanove, "Jupiter, Liber et le vin latin", Revue de l'histoire des religions, 1988, Vol. 205, Issue 205-3, pp. 245–265
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174:("Urban Vinalia") was held on 23 April to bless and sample last year's wine and ask for good weather until the next harvest. The
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296:). Some of the rites took place at her various temples. The sacrificial victim offered by Jupiter's priest, a female lamb (
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Vegetable-growers may have been involved in the dedications as a corporate guild: see Eden, P.T., "Venus and the
Cabbage"
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harvest festival, celebrating the grape harvest, vegetable growth and fertility. At the Roman
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was held on 23 April. It was predominantly a wine festival, shared by Venus as patron of "
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For associations of kind between Roman deities and their sacrificial victims, see
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From Good
Goddess to vestal virgins: sex and category in Roman religion
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as patron of the strongest, purest, sacrificial grade wine (
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94:23 April
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215:" wine (
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735:Rosalia
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620:Lucaria
610:Lemuria
565:Feralia
545:Divalia
369:Victima
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160:Jupiter
156:vintage
118:Vinalia
45:Algeria
22:Vinalia
560:Februa
453:(ludi)
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408:1875,
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322:persee
302:Festus
274:Aeneas
242:myrtle
166:. The
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