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Vindija Cave

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1041:; Hopfe, Charlotte; Weiß, Clemens L.; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; de la Rasilla, Marco; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Rosas, Antonio; Soressi, Marie; Knul, Monika V.; Miller, Rebecca; Stewart, John R.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Jacobs, Zenobia; Li, Bo; Roberts, Richard G.; Shunkov, Michael V.; de Lumley, Henry; Perrenoud, Christian; Gušić, Ivan; Kućan, Željko; Rudan, Pavao; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Essel, Elena; Nagel, Sarah; Nickel, Birgit; Schmidt, Anna; Prüfer, Kay; Kelso, Janet; Burbano, Hernán A.; Pääbo, Svante; Meyer, Matthias (2017). 79: 51: 72: 767:
A.; Butthof, A.; Hober, B.; Hoffner, B.; Siegemund, M.; Weihmann, A.; Nusbaum, C.; Lander, E. S.; Russ, C.; Novod, N.; Affourtit, J.; Egholm, M.; Verna, C.; Rudan, P.; Brajkovic, D.; Kucan, Z.; Gusic, I.; Doronichev, V. B.; Golovanova, L. V.; Lalueza-Fox, C.; de la Rasilla, M.; Fortea, J.; Rosas, A.; Schmitz, R. W.; Johnson, P. L. F.; Eichler, E. E.; Falush, D.; Birney, E.; Mullikin, J. C.; Slatkin, M.; Nielsen, R.; Kelso, J.; Lachmann, M.; Reich, D.; Paabo, S. (2010-05-06).
5476: 327:. This led to suggestions that Neanderthals might have survived longer than previously thought and that the Neanderthals at Vindija might have lived concurrently with modern humans. However, later dating methods using more advanced techniques revealed that these earlier dating results were erroneous. The erroneous dates were due to contamination by modern carbon, as minute amounts of modern contamination may result in large errors for very old samples. 301: 44: 5710: 5723: 27: 979:
Pontus; Chintalapati, Manjusha; Dannemann, Michael; Nelson, Bradley J.; Key, Felix M.; Rudan, Pavao; Kućan, Željko; Gušić, Ivan; Golovanova, Liubov V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David; Eichler, Evan E.; Slatkin, Montgomery; Schierup, Mikkel H.; Andrés, Aida; Kelso, Janet; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante (2017).
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Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Briggs, A. W.; Maricic, T.; Stenzel, U.; Kircher, M.; Patterson, N.; Li, H.; Zhai, W.; Fritz, M. H. Y.; Hansen, N. F.; Durand, E. Y.; Malaspinas, A. S.; Jensen, J. D.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Alkan, C.; Prufer, K.; Meyer, M.; Burbano, H. A.; Good, J. M.; Schultz, R.; Aximu-Petri,
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Prüfer, Kay; de Filippo, Cesare; Grote, Steffi; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; Korlević, Petra; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Vernot, Benjamin; Skov, Laurits; Hsieh, Pinghsun; Peyrégne, Stéphane; Reher, David; Hopfe, Charlotte; Nagel, Sarah; Maricic, Tomislav; Fu, Qiaomei; Theunert, Christoph; Rogers, Rebekah; Skoglund,
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to directly date several samples from Vindija Cave. Their direct AMS dating results show that the Neanderthal finds at Vindija are older than 44,000 BP. Since this is earlier than the arrival of the first modern humans to the region, the Vindija Neanderthals most likely did not intermix with modern
270:, reduced facial size, and narrower front teeth. Though some have put these differences down to the small size of the Vindija individuals, a study conducted in 1995 established that the Vindija Neanderthals, though small, were of comparable size to more morphologically classic Neanderthals such as 826:
Hajdinjak, Mateja; Fu, Qiaomei; Hübner, Alexander; Petr, Martin; Mafessoni, Fabrizio; Grote, Steffi; Skoglund, Pontus; Narasimham, Vagheesh; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Semal, Patrick; Soressi, Marie; Talamo, Sahra; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Gušić, Ivan; Kućan, Željko; Rudan, Pavao;
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Janković, Ivor; Karavanić, Ivor; Ahern, James C. M.; Brajković, Dejana; Lenardić, Jadranka Mauch; Smith, Fred H. (2011). "Archaeological, Paleontological and Genomic Perspectives on Late European Neandertals at Vindija Cave, Croatia". In Condemi, Silvana; Weniger, Gerd-Christian (eds.).
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The hominid specimens at level 3G are regarded as unquestionably Neanderthal in overall morphology but exhibit a number of traits that sit closer to anatomically modern Europeans than to the traditional Neanderthal. These include a thinner and less projecting
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Golovanova, Liubov V.; Doronichev, Vladimir B.; Posth, Cosimo; Krause, Johannes; Korlević, Petra; Nagel, Sarah; Nickel, Birgit; Slatkin, Montgomery; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David; Prüfer, Kay; Meyer, Matthias; Pääbo, Svante; Kelso, Janet (2018).
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Devièse, Thibaut; Karavanić, Ivor; Comeskey, Daniel; Kubiak, Cara; Korlević, Petra; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Radović, Siniša; Procopio, Noemi; Buckley, Michael; Pääbo, Svante; Higham, Tom (2017).
1216: 458:, was female. The Vindija Neanderthals were also found to be genetically closer to other late European Neanderthals, to the exclusion of the Mezmaiskaya Neanderthals from 5765: 2593: 1276: 585: 5575: 1926: 409:, to sort through several unidentified fossil fragments recovered from Vindija Cave. They successfully identified a new Neanderthal fossil fragment, 5750: 1198: 4096: 2316: 5583: 262:. It is estimated that Neanderthals used the cave 40,000 years ago; approximately 8000 years before modern humans lived in that part of Europe. 1142: 5755: 5591: 5398: 4951: 4771: 4761: 4736: 4486: 4460: 960: 526: 71: 2728: 1307: 521: 4403: 4901: 1297: 331: 4312: 4308: 305: 1768: 1397: 715:"Direct dating of Neanderthal remains from the site of Vindija Cave and implications for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition" 5112: 3318: 1213: 124: 5459: 3308: 1269: 5671: 1242: 4931: 4911: 3389: 2636: 43: 4906: 5531: 5619: 4984: 3514: 3379: 2811: 5475: 3760: 3631: 1631: 1322: 450:, were genetically closest to each other than any other Neanderthal individuals on record. DNA analysis revealed that 402: 5451: 5419: 4481: 4171: 2656: 1798: 1550: 5760: 5567: 5283: 5077: 4851: 4811: 2753: 2040: 1262: 1234: 506: 243: 5599: 394:(directly dated to around 47,000 BP) and concluded that the fragment most likely came from the same individual as 5745: 5391: 4781: 3889: 2914: 227: 2424: 5499: 5275: 4751: 4746: 4398: 3993: 3226: 2193: 1493: 511: 292:. More likely, the Vindija Neanderthals were in transition from the classic robust form to a more gracile one. 5515: 5022: 319:
artefacts. Several of the Neanderthal samples from Vindija also yielded surprisingly late dates when directly
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Continuity and Discontinuity in the Peopling of Europe: One Hundred Fifty Years of Neanderthal Study
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In 2010, the first draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was reconstructed primarily from three
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genome, researchers revised upwards the percentage of human DNA in non-Africans
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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in 2010. Additional research was done on the samples and published in 2017.
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is the second high coverage Neanderthal genome to be sequenced, after the
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The cave is located roughly 20 km (12 mi) west of the city of
4476: 4081: 3794: 3462: 3236: 1842: 1681: 235: 1077: 567: 565: 3972: 3246: 3241: 2169: 470: 259: 5162: 3159: 2718: 1143:"Upper Pleistocene Remains from Vindija Cave, Croatia, Yugoslavia" 406: 299: 1105:; Smith, Fred H. (1995). "Body size of the Vindija Neandertals". 315:
context; some of the remains occurred in a level with some mixed
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
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from Neanderthals and were able to identify additional
1191:[Secrets of evolution from the Vindija Cave]. 684: 696: 5576:
Franciscan monastery and St. John the Baptist Church
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(2018) found that the individuals 311:The Neanderthal remains at Vindija were found in a 207: 202: 194: 184: 179: 171: 163: 155: 118: 108: 98: 5584:Ursuline monastery and Nativity of Jesus Church 895:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 719:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 497:in humans that are derived from Neanderthals. 304:Neanderthal limb fragments from Vindija Cave, 5392: 1270: 629: 8: 1240:Dekodiran DNK neandertalca iz špilje Vindija 19: 5592:Capuchine monastery and Holy Trinity Church 1141:; Radovčić, Jakov; Rukavina, Darko (1981). 769:"A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome" 407:Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) 338:ultrafiltration based on the extraction of 5460:Liberation of the Varaždin barracks (1991) 5399: 5385: 5377: 4992: 4979: 4320: 4303: 3768: 3755: 2922: 2909: 1330: 1317: 1285:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and 1277: 1263: 1255: 323:, yielding dates as late as 28,000–29,000 222:is an archaeological site associated with 18: 1169: 1150:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1076: 1066: 1020: 924: 906: 868: 808: 748: 730: 4052:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site 542: 401:Devièse et al. (2017) applied collagen 16:Cave and archaeological site in Croatia 5766:Tourist attractions in Varaždin County 660: 370:Prüfer et al. (2017) sequenced a high 355:genomes from Vindija Cave, taken from 258:and 10 km (6.2 mi) north of 527:Multiregional origin of modern humans 7: 522:History of Croatia before the Croats 78: 50: 1189:"Tajne evolucije iz špilje Vindije" 947:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 584:Price, Michael (4 September 2017). 332:Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit 1201:from the original on 24 March 2012 1187:Marina Biluš (11 September 2007). 306:National Museum of Natural History 14: 2440:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica 1603:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site 1398:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes 230:, located in the municipality of 5721: 5709: 5708: 77: 70: 49: 42: 25: 378:. At around 30-fold coverage, 334:applied a new technique using 330:In 2017, researchers from the 1: 1197:(in Croatian). No. 617. 5756:Prehistoric sites in Croatia 5751:Landforms of Varaždin County 953:10.1007/978-94-007-0492-3_23 425:, coming predominately from 5452:Varaždin County (1850–1924) 2628:Other caves with decoration 1710:Other caves with decoration 1632:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil 1308:Caves containing pictograms 1113:(2). Elsevier BV: 201–208. 485:. With the addition of the 403:peptide mass fingerprinting 5787: 2612:Other World Heritage Sites 1699:Other World Heritage Sites 1298:Paleoanthropological sites 1107:Journal of Human Evolution 507:Neanderthal genome project 244:Neanderthal genome project 198:Neanderthals, Paleo-humans 5706: 5620:Varaždin Baroque Evenings 5532:Croatian National Theatre 5472: 5348: 4991: 4978: 4319: 4302: 3767: 3754: 2921: 2908: 1329: 1316: 1293: 630:Trinkaus & Smith 1995 469:Modern humans share more 36: 24: 5516:Prašinski–Sermage Palace 5479:Coat of arms of Varaždin 5420:Siege of Varaždin (1527) 5276:Northern Mariana Islands 512:Krapina Neanderthal site 5487:Memorials and landmarks 1162:10.1002/ajpa.1330540407 1068:10.1126/science.aam9695 1005:10.1126/science.aao1887 908:10.1073/pnas.1714533114 793:10.1126/science.1188021 732:10.1073/pnas.1709235114 598:10.1126/science.aap8521 454:, and thus most likely 159:50 metres (160 ft) 5636:Good Shepherd Festival 5480: 5444:Croatian Royal Council 3800:Manyana Rock Paintings 1851:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1119:10.1006/jhev.1995.1015 891:"The last Neanderthal" 308: 175:20 metres (66 ft) 167:28 metres (92 ft) 5478: 4363:Actun Tunichil Muknal 697:Hajdinjak et al. 2018 303: 140:46.29917°N 16.07056°E 86:Vindija Cave (Europe) 3937:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa 2877:Red Lady of Paviland 1769:Mayrières supérieure 887:Hublin, Jean-Jacques 557:Janković et al. 2011 195:Associated with 58:Shown within Croatia 5568:St. Nicholas Church 5428:Varaždin Generalate 4752:Colorado Millennial 3390:Shiraho Saonetabaru 2194:Bukuroshja e Fjetur 1230:Video about Vindija 1135:Wolpoff, Milford H. 1059:2017Sci...356..605S 997:2017Sci...358..655P 901:(40): 10520–10522. 853:10.1038/nature26151 845:2018Natur.555..652H 785:2010Sci...328..710G 725:(40): 10606–10611. 673:Devièse et al. 2017 618:Wolpoff et al. 1981 495:phenotypic variants 136: /  61:Show map of Croatia 21: 5600:St. Florian Church 5481: 4570:Dominican Republic 4331:Cueva de las Manos 3227:Huto and Kamarband 2637:Barranc del Migdia 2523:Caves in Cantabria 1947:Hohlenstein-Stadel 1754:Grotte de Gabillou 1739:La Chaire a Calvin 1245:2010-05-22 at the 1219:2010-01-22 at the 1137:; Smith, Fred H.; 649:Prüfer et al. 2017 309: 145:46.29917; 16.07056 89:Show map of Europe 5761:Neanderthal sites 5733: 5732: 5714:Category:Varaždin 5700:Drava Park-Forest 5374: 5373: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5339: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4487:Piedras del Tunjo 4419:Toca da Tira Peia 4298: 4297: 4294: 4293: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3745: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2540:Hornos de la Peña 1053:(6338): 605–608. 991:(6363): 655–658. 962:978-94-007-0491-6 839:(7698): 652–656. 572:Green et al. 2010 483:Altai Neanderthal 419:mitochondrial DNA 384:Altai Neanderthal 217: 216: 5778: 5746:Caves of Croatia 5725: 5712: 5711: 5648:University North 5555:Church buildings 5401: 5394: 5387: 5378: 5293:Papua New Guinea 4993: 4980: 4932:Stanfield-Worley 4907:Rockhouse Cliffs 4321: 4304: 4172:Howieson's Poort 3869:Enkapune Ya Muto 3769: 3756: 3222:Eshkaft-e Siahoo 2923: 2910: 2677:Peñas de Cabrera 1977:Kleine Feldhofer 1937:Geissenklösterle 1789:Roc-aux-Sorciers 1331: 1318: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1256: 1251: 1231: 1225: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1175: 1173: 1147: 1130: 1098: 1080: 1070: 1034: 1024: 974: 938: 928: 910: 882: 872: 822: 812: 762: 752: 734: 700: 694: 688: 685:Slon et al. 2017 682: 676: 670: 664: 658: 652: 646: 633: 627: 621: 615: 609: 608: 606: 604: 581: 575: 569: 560: 554: 460:Mezmaiskaya cave 151: 150: 148: 147: 146: 141: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 113:Hrvatsko Zagorje 90: 81: 80: 74: 62: 53: 52: 46: 29: 22: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5702: 5682: 5650: 5638: 5602: 5550: 5482: 5470: 5468:Varaždin County 5410: 5405: 5375: 5370: 5336: 5320: 5304: 5288: 5270: 5249: 5231: 5215: 5187: 5103:Mackintosh 90/1 5023:Beginner's Luck 4987: 4966: 4782:Dutchess Quarry 4722:Arnold Research 4710: 4694: 4653: 4597: 4581: 4565: 4547: 4506: 4465: 4444: 4423: 4377: 4373:Midnight Terror 4351: 4335: 4315: 4290: 4274: 4253: 4237: 4211: 4040: 4014: 3998: 3977: 3961: 3952:Kelif el Boroud 3915: 3894: 3878: 3857: 3836: 3820: 3804: 3783: 3763: 3742: 3721: 3700: 3674: 3662: 3636: 3605: 3569: 3551: 3535: 3519: 3503: 3487: 3441: 3420: 3404: 3353: 3272: 3251: 3195: 3164: 3118: 3102: 3076: 3015: 2999: 2953: 2937: 2917: 2896: 2795: 2779: 2758: 2657:los Murciélagos 2605:Roca dels Moros 2501: 2470: 2444: 2413: 2384:Chertovy Vorota 2367: 2336: 2285: 2264: 2248: 2236:North Macedonia 2230: 2214: 2198: 2182: 2164: 2101: 2080: 2019: 1991: 1915: 1678:Abri du Poisson 1643:Les Combarelles 1591: 1575: 1534: 1518: 1477: 1441: 1420: 1416:Trou de l'Abîme 1365: 1325: 1312: 1289: 1283: 1249: 1247:Wayback Machine 1229: 1223: 1221:Wayback Machine 1204: 1202: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1145: 1133: 1101: 1037: 977: 963: 941: 885: 825: 765: 712: 708: 703: 695: 691: 683: 679: 671: 667: 659: 655: 647: 636: 628: 624: 616: 612: 602: 600: 583: 582: 578: 570: 563: 555: 544: 540: 535: 517:Peștera cu Oase 503: 428:Ursus ingressus 349: 347:Archaeogenetics 298: 252: 144: 142: 138: 135: 130: 127: 125: 123: 122: 94: 93: 92: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 82: 65: 64: 63: 60: 59: 56: 55: 54: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5738: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5727:Portal:Croatia 5707: 5704: 5703: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5660:Varaždin Arena 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5508:Patačić Palace 5490: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5018:Beeton Shelter 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4690:T'uqu T'uquyuq 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4317: 4316: 4307: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4192:Pinnacle Point 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3994:The White Lady 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3515:Khoit Tsenkher 3511: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2827:Creswell Crags 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2807:Aveline's Hole 2803: 2801: 2800:United Kingdom 2797: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2751: 2749:Santa Catalina 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2544:Monte Castillo 2541: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2520: 2515: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2425:Hadži-Prodan's 2421: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2196: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1662:Laugerie-Haute 1660: 1658:Laugerie-Basse 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1639:Abri Chadourne 1637: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1540: 1539:Czech Republic 1536: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1509:Romuald's Cave 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1303:Cave paintings 1300: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287:cave paintings 1284: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1237: 1226: 1214:Špilja Vindija 1211: 1182: 1181:External links 1179: 1177: 1176: 1131: 1103:Trinkaus, Erik 1099: 1035: 975: 961: 939: 883: 823: 763: 709: 707: 704: 702: 701: 689: 677: 665: 653: 634: 622: 610: 576: 561: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 502: 499: 481:than with the 348: 345: 340:hydroxyproline 297: 294: 273:La Ferrassie 2 251: 248: 215: 214: 209: 208:Archaeologists 205: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 85: 76: 75: 69: 68: 67: 66: 57: 48: 47: 41: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 33: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5783: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5715: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5500:County Palace 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5395: 5390: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5361:Cave painting 5359: 5357: 5356:List of caves 5354: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5237:New Caledonia 5234: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143:New Guinea II 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5118:Mannalargenna 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4887:On Your Knees 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4812:Hidden Valley 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715:United States 4713: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4634:Guilá Naquitz 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4619:Dzibilchaltún 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399:Pedra Pintada 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313:South America 4310: 4305: 4301: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4177:Klasies River 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4152:Byneskranskop 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3942:Ifri Oudadane 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3911:Uan Muhuggiag 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3617:Batadombalena 3615: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3473:Ras Baalbek I 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3309:Nahal Me'arot 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 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2697: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2572:Tito Bustillo 2570: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2553:Las Chimeneas 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2379:Akhshtyrskaya 2377: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2327:Pego do Diabo 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Arene Candide 2116: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2005:Devil's Tower 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 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275: 274: 269: 263: 261: 257: 249: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 228:modern humans 225: 221: 213: 210: 206: 201: 197: 193: 190: 187: 183: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 121: 117: 114: 111: 107: 104: 101: 97: 73: 45: 35: 28: 23: 5717: 5695: 5692:Vindija Cave 5691: 5675: 5663: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5503: 5495: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5423: 5168:Wargata Mina 5128:Murrawijinie 5063:Eagles Reach 5058:Devil's Lair 4962:Wilson Butte 4747:Cherry Creek 4737:Bull Thistle 4482:Chiribiquete 4440:Charlie Lake 4368:Barton Creek 4182:Melkhoutboom 4122:Sterkfontein 4112:Plovers Lake 4045:South Africa 3947:Jebel Irhoud 3932:Ifri N'Ammar 3667:Turkmenistan 3632:Hunugalagala 3416:Iraq ed-Dubb 3181:Jeriji Saléh 2842:High Pasture 2399:Shulgan-Tash 2322:Pedra Furada 2143: 1982:Lichtenstein 1972:Brillenhöhle 1901:Le Regourdou 1861:La Ferrassie 1856:Combe Grenal 1799:Trois Frères 1734:Fontéchevade 1687:La Madeleine 1503: 1341:Drachenhöhle 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2587:Los Aviones 2582:Santimamiñe 2556:Las Monedas 2549:El Castillo 2456:Čertova pec 2404:Mezmaiskaya 2312:Lagar Velho 2244:Cocev Kamen 2123:Balzi Rossi 1963:Other caves 1952:Sirgenstein 1881:Le Moustier 1871:Fontbrégoua 1831:Bonne-Femme 1811:Other caves 1530:Aetokremnos 1473:Utroba Cave 1379:Claminforge 1376:Belle-Roche 1156:: 499–545. 661:Hublin 2017 411:Vindija *28 317:Aurignacian 250:Description 234:, northern 212:Mirko Malez 189:Paleolithic 143: / 119:Coordinates 5771:Mousterian 5740:Categories 5680:NK Varteks 5628:Town Guard 5366:Speleology 5183:Wellington 5138:Naracoorte 5123:Mudgegonga 5108:Madjedbebe 5073:Gabarnmung 5013:Ballawinne 5003:Abrakurrie 4902:Pictograph 4680:Qillqatani 4675:Pikimachay 4670:Guitarrero 4665:Chivateros 4644:Oxtotitlán 4497:Tequendama 4207:Wonderwerk 4187:Nelson Bay 4167:Elands Bay 4127:Swartkrans 4072:Gladysvale 4019:Somaliland 3966:Mozambique 3906:Haua Fteah 3705:Uzbekistan 3370:Minatogawa 3365:Kosegasawa 3319:Nahal Oren 3263:Hazar Merd 3232:Qaleh Bozi 3217:Do-Ashkaft 3114:Satsurblia 3081:East Timor 2958:Azerbaijan 2847:Kendrick's 2812:Bontnewydd 2734:Don Gaspar 2687:Praileaitz 2642:Las Caldas 2560:La Pasiega 2487:Divje Babe 2409:Okladnikov 2394:Ignatievka 2317:Pala Pinta 2226:Għar Dalam 2203:Luxembourg 2178:St Brelade 2160:Villabruna 2071:Stravomyti 2061:Megalakkos 2046:Eileithyia 2031:Alepotrypa 1942:Hohle Fels 1828:Balauzière 1784:Pech Merle 1692:Rouffignac 1666:La Micoque 1648:Cro-Magnon 1607:Bara Bahau 1551:Býčí skála 1499:Vela Spila 1458:Devetashka 1453:Bacho Kiro 1078:1887/74733 533:References 452:Vindija 87 392:Vindija 87 313:Mousterian 279:Shanidar 1 268:brow ridge 232:Donja Voća 203:Site notes 128:46°17′57″N 103:Donja Voća 5643:Education 5560:Cathedral 5524:Town Hall 5436:1776 Fire 5332:Nanumanga 5316:Falemauga 5227:Makauwahi 4996:Australia 4952:Trinchera 4827:La Grange 4797:Gatecliff 4792:Franktown 4787:Fort Rock 4767:Dry Creek 4685:Toquepala 4649:Sac Actun 4639:Ox Bel Ha 4629:Frightful 4614:Coxcatlan 4593:Long Mile 4347:Quadiriki 4324:Argentina 4162:Diepkloof 4147:Boomplaas 4102:Minnaar's 4087:Kromdraai 4036:Laas Geel 4031:Dhaymoole 4026:Dhambalin 3989:Apollo 11 3890:Liphofung 3816:Shum Laka 3779:Gueldaman 3733:Con Moong 3610:Sri Lanka 3557:Palestine 3531:Padah-Lin 3468:Ksar Akil 3400:Yamashita 3385:Pinza-Abu 3191:Pettakere 3186:Liang Bua 3169:Indonesia 3155:Pahargarh 3140:Bhimbetka 3098:Lene Hara 3088:Jerimalai 3067:Zengpiyan 3057:Yuchanyan 2857:Long Hole 2754:del Valle 2729:dels Bous 2682:la Pileta 2617:Atapuerca 2532:Covalanas 2430:Pešturina 2358:Muierilor 2348:Coliboaia 2260:Svarthola 2076:Theopetra 2066:Petralona 2051:Franchthi 2041:Asphendou 1997:Gibraltar 1967:Baumann's 1957:Vogelherd 1932:Bockstein 1911:Vallonnet 1906:Rochereil 1896:Raymonden 1886:Noisetier 1838:Bruniquel 1759:Marsoulas 1749:Lombrives 1744:La Marche 1670:La Mouthe 1636:Abri Audi 1614:Cap Blanc 1556:Koněprusy 1546:Amatérská 1514:Veternica 1463:Kozarnika 1437:Ledenjača 1361:Tischofer 1351:Lurgrotte 1127:0047-2484 1087:0036-8075 1013:0036-8075 971:1877-9077 917:0027-8424 861:0028-0836 801:0036-8075 741:0027-8424 538:Citations 131:16°4′14″E 5674:)   5548:Cemetery 5492:Old City 5408:Varaždin 5173:Warratyi 5158:Tarragal 5148:Nunamira 5133:Murujuga 5098:Kutikina 5093:Koonalda 5088:Koongine 5048:Cliefden 5043:Cave Bay 4942:Tomaquag 4927:Sisyphus 4857:Mantle's 4847:Lovelock 4842:LoDaisKa 4822:Humboldt 4706:Werehpai 4699:Suriname 4609:Chan Hol 4528:Centella 4518:Ambrosio 4470:Colombia 4435:Bluefish 4279:Zimbabwe 4216:Tanzania 4202:Stadsaal 4107:Motsetsi 4077:Gondolin 4067:Drimolen 4062:Cooper's 3957:Taforalt 3927:Hercules 3853:Swimmers 3825:DR Congo 3809:Cameroon 3788:Botswana 3658:Tham Lod 3648:Pha Taem 3641:Thailand 3622:Belilena 3540:Pakistan 3508:Mongolia 3492:Malaysia 3453:Antelias 3395:Tobayama 3349:Zuttiyeh 3268:Shanidar 3130:Ambadevi 3047:Tianyuan 3027:Baishiya 3004:Cambodia 2744:El Mirón 2739:Guanches 2714:Armintxe 2632:Bacinete 2577:Altxerri 2566:El Pendo 2536:La Garma 2518:Altamira 2475:Slovenia 2466:Jasovská 2449:Slovakia 2435:Risovača 2389:Denisova 2353:Cuciulat 2307:Furninha 2302:Escoural 2290:Portugal 2281:Paradise 2276:Obłazowa 2210:Loschbur 2150:Paglicci 2133:Corbeddu 2015:Vanguard 2010:Gorham's 1891:La Quina 1834:Bouillon 1821:Aurignac 1625:Reverdit 1610:Bernifal 1489:Grapčeva 1446:Bulgaria 1406:Scladina 1393:Naulette 1356:Salzofen 1243:Archived 1217:Archived 1199:Archived 1194:Nacional 1095:28450384 1031:28982794 935:28973864 889:(2017). 879:29562232 819:20448178 759:28874524 501:See also 464:Caucasus 372:coverage 343:humans. 256:Varaždin 240:sequence 99:Location 5607:Culture 5415:History 5284:Chugai' 5266:Ruakuri 5201:Gadao's 5178:Warreen 5113:Mammoth 5083:Jenolan 5028:Blanche 5008:Acheron 4985:Oceania 4957:Ventana 4937:Tainter 4912:Russell 4897:Pendejo 4892:Paisley 4852:Mammoth 4772:Durango 4732:Bonfire 4586:Jamaica 4553:Curaçao 4492:Sáchica 4477:El Abra 4461:Milodón 4404:Peruaçu 4394:Maquiné 4286:Bambata 4265:Kalemba 4137:Blombos 4082:Haasgat 4003:Nigeria 3982:Namibia 3920:Morocco 3883:Lesotho 3795:Tsodilo 3772:Algeria 3726:Vietnam 3686:Belbaşı 3672:Dzhebel 3627:Fa Hien 3586:Kalanay 3547:Sanghao 3524:Myanmar 3463:Kaukaba 3446:Lebanon 3334:Raqefet 3304:Misliya 3289:HaYonim 3237:Warwasi 3212:Darband 3207:Bisitun 3176:Harimau 3150:Gudiyam 3145:Edakkal 3107:Georgia 3052:Xianren 2980:Damjili 2975:Buzeyir 2949:Areni-1 2942:Armenia 2867:Oldbury 2832:Gough's 2817:Cathole 2791:Verteba 2784:Ukraine 2341:Romania 2332:Salemas 2297:Aroeira 2128:Cavallo 2113:Addaura 2092:Baradla 2085:Hungary 2036:Apidima 1920:Germany 1876:Lazaret 1804:Villars 1724:Cosquer 1704:Chauvet 1682:Lascaux 1580:Finland 1504:Vindija 1494:Krapina 1482:Croatia 1402:Ramioul 1370:Belgium 1346:Gudenus 1334:Austria 1235:YouTube 1205:15 July 1055:Bibcode 1047:Science 1022:6185897 993:Bibcode 985:Science 926:5635937 870:6485383 841:Bibcode 810:5100745 781:Bibcode 773:Science 750:5635904 590:Science 471:alleles 462:in the 289:Tabun 1 242:of the 236:Croatia 185:Periods 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2887:Thor's 2822:Coygan 2770:Bichon 2724:Bedmar 2692:Sidrón 2528:Chufín 2461:Domica 2418:Serbia 2372:Russia 2269:Poland 2253:Norway 2187:Kosovo 2170:Jersey 2155:Romito 2097:Szelim 2056:Kleidi 2024:Greece 1729:Cussac 1719:Gargas 1674:Pataud 1596:France 1566:Mladeč 1523:Cyprus 1468:Magura 1432:Badanj 1425:Bosnia 1323:Europe 1125:  1093:  1085:  1029:  1019:  1011:  969:  959:  933:  923:  915:  877:  867:  859:  833:Nature 817:  807:  799:  757:  747:  739:  603:2 June 405:, and 296:Dating 286:, and 260:Ivanec 172:Height 156:Length 109:Region 5720: 5698: 5666: 5655:Sport 5634: 5626: 5618: 5598: 5590: 5582: 5574: 5566: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5514: 5506: 5498: 5466: 5458: 5450: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5309:Samoa 5163:Ubirr 5153:ORS 7 4922:Shoup 4882:Mummy 4877:Modoc 4867:Martz 4817:Hogup 4727:Baker 4543:Pluma 4449:Chile 4414:Santo 4340:Aruba 4309:North 4249:Nyero 4233:Mumba 4157:Cango 3899:Libya 3862:Kenya 3841:Egypt 3738:Ngườm 3601:Tabon 3458:Jeita 3358:Japan 3344:Tabun 3339:Skhul 3329:Qesem 3299:Manot 3160:Tikla 3135:Belum 3123:India 3093:Laili 3042:Luobi 3032:Fuyan 3020:China 2995:Gazma 2970:Azykh 2965:Allar 2852:Kents 2719:Axlor 2709:Antón 2704:Ángel 2662:Nerja 2600:Araña 2506:Spain 2497:Potok 2492:Pekel 2482:Betal 2219:Malta 2144:Felci 2106:Italy 1987:Ofnet 1847:Cauna 1843:Calès 1816:Arago 1794:Renne 1774:Niaux 1571:Šipka 1561:Kůlna 1388:Goyet 1383:Engis 1146:(PDF) 473:with 423:Ursus 415:Ursus 386:from 321:dated 164:Width 5352:Cave 5300:Kilu 5193:Guam 5033:Bone 4837:Levi 4777:Dust 4658:Peru 4561:Hato 4533:Cura 4511:Cuba 4456:Fell 4311:and 4228:Bahi 3499:Niah 3425:Laos 3284:Amud 3256:Iraq 3200:Iran 2915:Asia 2882:Sand 2667:Niño 2363:Oase 2138:Deer 1866:Fées 1587:Wolf 1207:2019 1123:ISSN 1091:PMID 1083:ISSN 1027:PMID 1009:ISSN 967:ISSN 957:ISBN 931:PMID 913:ISSN 875:PMID 857:ISSN 815:PMID 797:ISSN 755:PMID 737:ISSN 605:2022 477:and 446:and 363:and 282:and 226:and 4010:Rop 2990:Zar 1825:Azé 1411:Spy 1233:on 1166:hdl 1158:doi 1115:doi 1073:hdl 1063:doi 1051:356 1017:PMC 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Index

Vindija Cave
Vindija Cave is located in Croatia
Vindija Cave is located in Europe
Donja Voća
Hrvatsko Zagorje
46°17′57″N 16°4′14″E / 46.29917°N 16.07056°E / 46.29917; 16.07056
Paleolithic
Mirko Malez
Neanderthals
modern humans
Donja Voća
Croatia
sequence
Neanderthal genome project
Varaždin
Ivanec
brow ridge
La Ferrassie 2
Shanidar 1
Tabun 1

National Museum of Natural History
Mousterian
Aurignacian
dated
BP
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit
AMS
hydroxyproline
low coverage

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