2113:
1559:
328:– Loose siliceous pebble soil that has good drainage but poor fertility. Vines planted in this type of soil must penetrate deeply to try to and find nutrients in the subsoil. Wine made from vines produces on clay gravel beds have less acidity than those planted on limestone gravel beds. The
55:
that sufficiently retains water but also has good drainage so that the roots do not become overly saturated. The ability of the soil to retain heat and/or reflect it back up to the vine is also an important consideration that affects the ripening of the grapes.
555:– Calcareous-clay-based soil that adds acidity to the wine. Vines planted in this type of soil normally ripen later than in other soil types. Marl soil is typically deep and lacking in stone fragments; it is the main soil type in the
619:
of quartz can reduce the acidity of the resulting wines, but its heat-retaining property (it stores and reflects heat) can increase ripening of the grape, which can result in wine of higher alcohol content.
314:, and other minerals. This soil warms quickly and retains heat well. The soil's high level of acidity works to minimize the acid levels in the grapes which works well with acidic grapes like
207:
content, which neutralizes the natural acidity of the soil. However, the cool temperatures of the soil normally delay ripening in the grape, which tends to produce more acidic wines.
937:
Bell, F. G. & Culshaw, M. G. (2001). 'Problem soils - a review from a
British perspective', in Jefferson, I., Murray, E. J., Faragher, E. and Fleming, P. R. (eds).
2039:
1977:
993:
1717:
1270:
1593:
2145:
976:
250:-based soil that has good water-retention ability but poor drainage. The soil is often very cool and high in acidity. The Right Bank of
240:
soft limestone soil that vine roots can easily penetrate. It provides good drainage and works best for grapes with high acidity levels.
2135:
1643:
1254:
1697:
1623:
1259:
946:
893:
1264:
728:– Soil type consisting of fine grain deposits that offer good water retention but poor drainage. It is more fertile than sand.
2140:
1275:
702:
and other sedimentary soils to have any kind of water retention. The range of this soil can include organic materials like
2070:
1702:
2080:
2160:
482:. The most common colored limestone found in wine-producing area is buff-gray in color (with the exception of white
1849:
1280:
59:
There are several minerals that are vital to the health of vines that all good vineyard soils have. These include
2044:
1942:
1854:
1772:
1586:
1972:
1952:
1290:
801:. The soil drains well and is relatively high in nutrients. Australian winemakers have found some success with
535:. It is typically too fertile for high-quality wines that need to limit yields in order to concentrate flavors.
2054:
1907:
1648:
1628:
1285:
1248:
969:
461:
211:
756:
is subjected to pressure deep within the earth. The soil retains heat well and warms up relatively quickly.
549:
in the UK, the soil is very fertile and has good water retention and warming properties, but drains poorly.
2150:
2075:
1929:
1782:
1562:
798:
2011:
1957:
1777:
715:
694:
rock that is crystalline in nature. The soil has good heat retention but needs the added composition of
632:– Warm, airy soil that is composed of tiny particles of weathered rocks. One of the few soils that the
2155:
2116:
1579:
1416:
817:– A highly weathered, largely infertile, clay-based soil—usually brilliant red in colo—rfound in the
768:
443:
329:
2029:
2006:
985:
431:
196:
47:
and nutrients that the vine is exposed to. The ideal soil condition for a vine is a layer of thin
1987:
1737:
1536:
1169:
962:
802:
606:
584:
491:
264:
490:
and is generally planted with grapes of high acidity levels. This is the main soil type in the
1967:
1451:
942:
889:
649:
615:– Common material found in most vineyard soils—especially sand and silt-based soils. The high
447:
281:
is generally produced from flint-based soil and is said to have "gun-flint" smell in the wine.
192:
108:
Unless otherwise noted the primary reference for this list is
Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia 2005
438:
is calcareous clay containing
Kimmeridgian limestone. This is the principal soil type of the
1998:
1947:
1897:
1456:
641:
333:
247:
2090:
2049:
2034:
1825:
1815:
1521:
1506:
1366:
592:
542:
369:
199:. Soil typically cool in temperature and that provides good water retention and drainage.
161:
386:– A dense layer of clay or other material that is impermeable to water. In some areas of
274:
153:
that is high in calcium, iron, and magnesium. Variable potassium and little or no quartz.
1992:
1884:
1810:
1678:
1496:
1441:
818:
687:
636:
louse does not thrive in, the soil drains well but does not have good water retention.
424:
72:
793:
and turn the soil a rustic red color. This soil type is found in some areas along the
2129:
1787:
1747:
1541:
1426:
794:
772:
556:
498:
188:
150:
789:
have been leached out of limestone. The breakdown leaves behind iron deposits which
486:). The water-retention abilities vary by composition, but limestone is consistently
1962:
1874:
1864:
1792:
1712:
1638:
1618:
1526:
1471:
811:– A highly friable calcareous bedrock that breaks down into a fine crumb structure.
735:
439:
359:
278:
119:
99:
which improves the vine metabolisms and increases its health for next year's crop.
836:) that has been ejected into the air and cooled before settling to the earth. 2.)
430:
Kimmeridgian soil – A gray-colored limestone-based soil originally identified in
1840:
1767:
1602:
1531:
1511:
1431:
1411:
1391:
1381:
1376:
782:
659:
576:
395:
373:
355:
80:
32:
2100:
1982:
1830:
1732:
1516:
1466:
1421:
1406:
1371:
1341:
1207:
1114:
1079:
1054:
853:
824:
Volcanic soil – Soil that is derived from one of two volcanic activities. 1.)
786:
749:
703:
633:
546:
501:
appellation of Spain. The soil is a mix of slate and quartz that dates to the
479:
307:
303:
215:
184:
171:
92:
17:
1902:
1742:
1660:
1501:
1446:
1386:
1149:
1144:
1134:
1069:
1039:
1019:
753:
752:
region. Slate is a metamorphic, plate-like rock formed when shale, clay, or
671:
667:
663:
580:
502:
475:
416:
339:
204:
157:
96:
76:
131:– Highly fertile soil that has been transported by a river. Often contains
684:
when under pressure. The soil is moderately fertile and retains heat well.
2085:
1859:
1707:
1665:
1653:
1486:
1401:
1356:
1232:
1212:
1202:
1187:
1159:
1154:
1139:
1109:
1104:
1084:
1074:
1059:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1024:
861:
857:
849:
844:
flows from the volcano. Ninety percent of lava-based soil is composed of
719:
605:
soil type that is light, powdery and lustrous with properties similar to
602:
570:
514:
510:
487:
387:
377:
347:
343:
251:
165:
128:
88:
84:
1917:
1912:
1869:
1820:
1727:
1436:
1396:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1227:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1129:
1124:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1064:
1049:
1014:
1009:
1004:
814:
790:
776:
616:
598:
464:. It is a brown-colored carbonaceous soil that is intermediate between
457:
453:
383:
351:
299:
289:
223:
64:
60:
52:
48:
44:
43:
structure of the vine and influences the drainage levels and amount of
954:
1546:
1481:
1222:
1217:
1119:
845:
829:
764:
760:
739:
711:
655:
612:
420:
408:
394:
iron-rich layer is located deep enough below the surface to act as a
365:
325:
319:
285:
237:
146:
132:
922:
644:
composed of sand particles that has been pressured bound by various
1835:
1671:
1633:
1461:
745:
731:
707:
681:
677:
588:
538:
506:
483:
315:
293:
270:
233:
178:
123:
2095:
1937:
1892:
1491:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
841:
833:
808:
725:
699:
695:
691:
645:
629:
566:
552:
532:
528:
524:
523:– Warm, soft, fertile soil composed of roughly equal amounts of
520:
469:
465:
412:
391:
380:. It is a high absorbent soil that has average drainage ability.
311:
243:
227:
219:
140:
136:
68:
40:
36:
1575:
958:
785:– A sedimentary soil known as "Red Earth" that is formed after
336:
regions of
Bordeaux consist predominantly of gravel-based soil.
1571:
1476:
545:
that is typically angular and decalcified. Commonly known as
734:– A flint- and sand-based soil type found primarily in the
273:– Siliceous stone that reflects and retains heat well. The
563:
is the indurated (well cemented) metamorphic form of Marl.
573:-based soil composed of fine, decomposed rock formations.
738:
that is a formed from a mixture of clay, limestone and
662:-rock-based soil that retains heat well and is rich in
342:– Sedimentary soil formed by rivers depositing quartz,
680:– Fine-grain sediment-based soil that can turn into
541:– A very fine, predominantly silty soil composed of
2063:
2020:
1926:
1883:
1801:
1758:
1688:
1609:
1304:
1241:
1168:
992:
318:. It is the main soil type of the Brand region of
214:of rotting vegetation. This type of soil includes
748:– Soil type that is the most common found in the
579:-Soil type consisting of various compositions of
160:soil that is easily compressed and common in the
880:
878:
648:-based minerals. This is the main soil type of
505:era. The soil is very porous and drains well.
210:Carbonaceous soil – Soil produced through the
35:considerations when planting grape vines. The
1587:
970:
8:
2040:Effects of climate change on wine production
779:sand to form a hard, dark slate-like stone.
1594:
1580:
1572:
977:
963:
955:
759:Steige – A schist-based soil found in the
828:is formed from rock material (including
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
874:
848:with the other ten percent composed of
95:which encourages root development, and
1271:Canadian system of soil classification
591:common in Alsace dating back from the
497:Llicorella – A soil type found in the
372:based soil that is formed through the
670:but is poor in organic nutrients and
7:
714:. This soil type covers half of the
478:– Sediment-based soil consisting of
302:– Composed of 40–60% quartz, 30–40%
87:which is assimilated in the form of
267:– Calcium-magnesium carbonate soil.
79:which is an important component of
1644:International Grape Genome Program
1255:Unified Soil Classification System
456:– Soil type used as fertilizer in
25:
1624:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1260:AASHTO Soil Classification System
886:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
517:have done well in this soil type.
254:is dominated by clay-based soils.
2112:
2111:
1558:
1557:
923:"The World's Top 10 Wine Soils"
1276:Australian Soil Classification
1267:(French classification system)
888:pg 16 Dorling Kindersley 2005
710:, or inorganic materials like
350:. It is found in vineyards of
63:which helps to neutralize the
1:
2071:Glossary of viticulture terms
1703:Diurnal temperature variation
31:is one of the most important
29:soil composition of vineyards
2081:Glossary of winemaking terms
771:of Kastelberg, the soil has
122:deposits. Found in southern
1296:List of vineyard soil types
2177:
2146:Soil science-related lists
1850:Integrated pest management
1281:Polish Soil Classification
411:– Soil type consisting of
2136:Agriculture-related lists
2109:
2045:Environmental stewardship
1555:
1305:Non-systematic soil types
941:, 11–17, Thomas Telford.
1973:Great French Wine Blight
1291:List of U.S. state soils
288:based soil found in the
2055:Sustainable agriculture
1836:Frost damage prevention
1718:Regional climate levels
1286:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
1265:Référentiel pédologique
1249:FAO soil classification
306:and various amounts of
212:anaerobic decomposition
71:which is essential for
2076:Glossary of wine terms
2141:Science-related lists
118:Albariza – Formed by
1417:Calcareous grassland
994:World Reference Base
769:Alsace Grand Cru AOC
191:with high levels of
2030:Adaptive management
986:Soil classification
690:– Soil composed of
543:wind-borne sediment
432:Kimmeridge, England
197:magnesium carbonate
2161:Wine-related lists
1948:Botrytis bunch rot
1768:Grapevine planting
1698:Climate categories
1170:USDA soil taxonomy
996:for Soil Resources
840:is the product of
803:Cabernet Sauvignon
607:diatomaceous earth
103:List of soil terms
2123:
2122:
1968:Grapevine yellows
1569:
1568:
939:Problematic soils
559:region of Italy.
494:region of Alsace.
436:Kimmeridgian clay
156:Boulbènes – Fine
16:(Redirected from
2168:
2115:
2114:
1999:Uncinula necator
1988:Pierce's disease
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1457:Hydrophobic soil
979:
972:
965:
956:
949:
935:
929:
919:
896:
882:
642:sedimentary soil
423:, dating to the
248:Sedimentary rock
203:soils have high
21:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2105:
2091:Outline of wine
2059:
2050:Organic farming
2035:Biodynamic wine
2022:
2016:
2007:Red spider mite
1928:
1922:
1879:
1841:Green harvest (
1826:Erosion control
1803:
1797:
1778:Row orientation
1760:
1754:
1690:
1684:
1629:Grape varieties
1611:
1605:
1600:
1570:
1565:
1551:
1522:Subaqueous soil
1507:Serpentine soil
1367:Parent material
1300:
1237:
1164:
995:
988:
983:
953:
952:
936:
932:
920:
899:
883:
876:
871:
838:Lava-based soil
826:Vent-based soil
626:
593:Middle Triassic
405:
370:Calcium sulfate
261:
201:Calcareous clay
185:Calcareous soil
162:Entre-Deux-Mers
115:
105:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1993:Powdery mildew
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:Vendange verte
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Trellis design
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1679:Vitis vinifera
1675:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Prime farmland
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Fuller's earth
1449:
1444:
1442:Expansive clay
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
990:
989:
984:
982:
981:
974:
967:
959:
951:
950:
930:
897:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
822:
819:American South
812:
806:
780:
757:
743:
729:
723:
688:Siliceous soil
685:
675:
653:
625:
622:
621:
620:
610:
596:
574:
564:
550:
536:
518:
495:
473:
451:
428:
425:Upper Triassic
404:
401:
400:
399:
381:
363:
337:
323:
297:
282:
268:
260:
257:
256:
255:
241:
231:
208:
182:
169:
154:
144:
126:
114:
111:
104:
101:
73:photosynthesis
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2173:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Types of soil
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Vine training
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:Environmental
1687:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1564:
1563:Types of soil
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Tropical peat
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Dry quicksand
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:Other systems
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
991:
987:
980:
975:
973:
968:
966:
961:
960:
957:
948:
947:0-7277-3043-6
944:
940:
934:
931:
927:
924:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
898:
895:
894:0-7566-1324-8
891:
887:
884:T. Stevenson
881:
879:
875:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
800:
796:
795:Mediterranean
792:
788:
784:
781:
778:
774:
773:metamorphosed
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
751:
747:
744:
741:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:
683:
679:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:– Laminated,
657:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:
627:
623:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
565:
562:
558:
557:Piedmont wine
554:
551:
548:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
406:
402:
398:for the vine.
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
335:
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:Alkaline soil
186:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
151:Volcanic rock
148:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:
112:
110:
109:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:supports the
38:
34:
30:
19:
18:Vineyard soil
1997:
1963:Downy mildew
1875:Weed control
1865:Millerandage
1842:
1722:
1713:Microclimate
1677:
1670:
1652:
1639:Hybrid grape
1619:Ampelography
1612:horticulture
1472:Martian soil
1295:
938:
933:
925:
921:E. S. Brown
885:
837:
825:
736:Loire Valley
716:wine regions
637:
560:
440:Loire Valley
435:
360:South Africa
279:Loire Valley
277:wine of the
275:Pouilly-Fumé
200:
175:
120:diatomaceous
107:
106:
58:
33:viticultural
28:
26:
2156:Viticulture
1773:Propagation
1610:Biology and
1603:Viticulture
1537:Terra rossa
1532:Terra preta
1512:Spodic soil
1432:Duplex soil
1412:Brown earth
1392:Alkali soil
1382:Rhizosphere
1377:Laimosphere
1251:(1974–1998)
1208:Inceptisols
1115:Plinthosols
1080:Kastanozems
783:Terra Rossa
660:crystalline
577:Muschelkalk
492:Zinnkoepflé
396:water table
374:evaporation
356:New Zealand
284:Galestro –
81:chlorophyll
2130:Categories
2101:Winemaking
2023:and issues
2021:Approaches
1983:Phylloxera
1953:Bot canker
1855:Irrigation
1831:Fertilizer
1804:management
1733:Topography
1723:Soil types
1517:Stagnogley
1467:Lunar soil
1422:Dark earth
1407:Brickearth
1372:Pedosphere
1342:Soil crust
1150:Technosols
1135:Solonchaks
1055:Ferralsols
1020:Anthrosols
926:Wine Geeks
869:References
854:pitchstone
805:plantings.
799:Coonawarra
787:carbonates
763:region of
704:Kieselguhr
652:in Alsace.
634:phylloxera
547:brickearth
480:carbonates
419:common in
308:hornblende
304:Orthoclase
292:region of
216:anthracite
172:Brickearth
164:region of
93:phosphates
2012:Vine moth
1978:Nematodes
1943:Black rot
1927:Pests and
1903:Noble rot
1898:Festivals
1743:elevation
1691:variation
1661:Rootstock
1502:Quicksand
1447:Fill dirt
1387:Bulk soil
1233:Vertisols
1223:Spodosols
1213:Mollisols
1203:Histosols
1188:Aridisols
1160:Vertisols
1155:Umbrisols
1145:Stagnosol
1110:Planosols
1105:Phaeozems
1085:Leptosols
1070:Gypsisols
1060:Fluvisols
1040:Chernozem
1035:Cambisols
1030:Calcisols
1025:Arenosols
767:. In the
754:siltstone
672:nitrogens
668:potassium
664:magnesium
638:Sandstone
581:sandstone
561:Marlstone
503:Paleozoic
476:Limestone
462:Champagne
444:Champagne
417:limestone
340:Greywacke
334:Sauternes
205:limestone
176:See under
158:siliceous
97:potassium
77:magnesium
2117:Category
2086:Oenology
2064:See also
1958:Dead arm
1930:diseases
1908:Ripeness
1860:Klopotec
1802:Vineyard
1761:planting
1759:Vineyard
1708:Drainage
1666:Vineyard
1654:Veraison
1649:Ripening
1487:Paleosol
1402:Blue goo
1357:Gypcrust
1228:Ultisols
1198:Gelisols
1193:Entisols
1183:Andisols
1178:Alfisols
1140:Solonetz
1130:Retisols
1125:Regosols
1100:Nitisols
1095:Luvisols
1090:Lixisols
1075:Histosol
1065:Gleysols
1050:Durisols
1045:Cryosols
1015:Andosols
1005:Acrisols
928:7/5/2007
862:trachyte
858:rhyolite
850:andesite
720:Bordeaux
650:Kitterlé
603:volcanic
585:dolomite
583:, marl,
571:Silicate
515:Carignan
511:Grenache
488:alkaline
450:regions.
448:Burgundy
388:Bordeaux
378:seawater
348:feldspar
344:mudstone
265:Dolomite
252:Bordeaux
166:Bordeaux
129:Alluvium
89:nitrates
85:nitrogen
67:levels,
45:minerals
1918:Weather
1913:Vintage
1885:Harvest
1870:Pruning
1821:Coulure
1728:Terroir
1437:Eluvium
1397:Bay mud
1362:Caliche
1352:Hardpan
1347:Claypan
1337:Subsoil
1332:Topsoil
1218:Oxisols
1120:Podzols
1010:Alisols
998:(1998–)
815:Ultisol
797:and in
791:oxidize
777:granite
617:soil pH
599:Perlite
595:period.
589:shingle
499:Priorat
458:Germany
454:Lignite
427:period.
384:Hardpan
352:Germany
300:Granite
290:Tuscany
236:– Very
224:lignite
193:calcium
65:soil pH
61:calcium
53:subsoil
49:topsoil
1811:Canopy
1738:aspect
1634:Grapes
1547:Yedoma
1482:Muskeg
945:
892:
860:, and
846:basalt
830:pumice
765:Alsace
761:Andlau
740:silica
712:quartz
656:Schist
613:Quartz
587:, and
421:Alsace
409:Keuper
366:Gypsum
330:Graves
326:Gravel
320:Alsace
286:Schist
238:porous
147:Basalt
133:gravel
1938:Birds
1793:Yield
1748:slope
1672:Vitis
1527:Takir
1462:Loess
775:with
750:Mosel
746:Slate
732:Silex
708:flint
682:slate
678:Shale
640:is a
539:Loess
507:Syrah
484:chalk
392:sandy
316:Gamay
294:Italy
271:Flint
234:Chalk
179:Loess
124:Spain
2096:Wine
1893:Brix
1816:Clos
1492:Peat
1327:Loam
1322:Clay
1317:Silt
1312:Sand
943:ISBN
890:ISBN
842:lava
834:tuff
832:and
809:Tufa
726:Silt
706:and
700:clay
696:silt
692:acid
666:and
646:iron
630:Sand
601:– A
567:Mica
553:Marl
533:clay
531:and
529:sand
525:silt
521:Loam
513:and
470:coal
468:and
466:peat
460:and
446:and
415:and
413:marl
390:, a
358:and
346:and
332:and
312:mica
244:Clay
228:peat
226:and
220:coal
195:and
141:silt
139:and
137:sand
69:iron
51:and
41:root
37:soil
27:The
1477:Mud
718:of
624:S–Z
403:I–Q
376:of
259:D–H
113:A–C
2132::
900:^
877:^
856:,
852:,
698:,
569:–
527:,
509:,
442:,
434:.
368:–
354:,
310:,
246:–
222:,
218:,
187:–
174:–
149:–
135:,
91:,
83:,
75:,
1845:)
1657:)
1651:(
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
978:e
971:t
964:v
864:.
821:.
742:.
722:.
674:.
609:.
472:.
362:.
322:.
296:.
230:.
181:.
168:.
143:.
20:)
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