1026:
993:
541:
political strikes in Canton in 1927, where, according to his own words, he spent the best days of his life. Returned to Moscow after the fall of the Canton
Commune he became leader of the YCI (Young Communist International), which position he held until 1930. At this time he developed deviations.... Lominadze, Georgian though he was, had been in many countries and was a thoroughly cultured person. He knew German literature well, was a fine critic, and something of a writer. He had absorbed too much of Western European bourgeois civilization to be able to witness the ruthlessness and cold, colorless dogmatism of Stalin's leadership without protest.
465:("Dizzy with Success"). Shortly after his arrival in Tbilisi, Lominadze made several speeches criticizing the way collectivization had been carried out in the region, telling the Seventh Congress of the Georgian party in May 1930, "Here in the Transcaucasian village the material productive base which would allow us to undertake such a tempo of collectivization as in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga, or Ukraine does not exist." A resolution was then adopted calling for a milder line on the kulaks; while Lominadze criticized forced, rapid collectivization, he was careful not to question the general line of the party.
958:
1124:
429:, in December 1927, Lominadze called for immediate armed uprising to overthrow the Kuomintang regime. Marxist theory maintained that feudal societies had to pass through a capitalist stage before advancing to socialism, but Lominadze argued that China's economy was not feudal but 'Asiatic', that the Chinese bourgeoisie was atomised, and the Kuomintang was so fragmented that it barely existed as a political party, making it possible for China to enter directly into its 'Socialist phase'. His argument was refuted by the head of Comintern,
1132:
533:
latter honored: "As long as he was alive, Lominadze's widow received a pension for her husband, and by
Council of People's Commissars decree, Lominadze's son, named Sergo after Ordzhonikidze, was granted a sizable monetary benefit.... immediately after Ordzhonikidze's death, Lominadze's wife was deprived of her pension, and not much later she was arrested."
1274:
1269:
492:, who noticed soon after Lominadze's downfall that they were being followed, and decided to leave at once for Moscow. From 1931 to 1932 he was head of the research sector of the People's Commissariat for Supplies (Narkomsnab) of the USSR. From 1932 to 1933 he was party organizer of a machine-building plant in
1279:
540:
Lominadze, former head of the Young
Communist International, was an enormous Georgian, whose huge body was covered with rolls of fat. He was very shortsighted and squinted continually. His biography was an interesting one. He had done underground Communist work in Germany, had helped to organize
532:
under threat of arrest as part of the preparation for the 1936 trial of the "Trotskyite-Zinovievite
Terrorist Center," he committed suicide, shooting himself in an automobile and leaving a note expressing his devotion to the party and asking Ordzhonikidze to look after his family, a request the
421:
was basically
Neumann's doing, Stalin blamed both him and Lominadze; as he had previously, "he refused to take any responsibility for the failure of the program he had initiated, but held the miscalculation of the comrades on the spot responsible for the failure of the uprising."
472:
in June–July 1930, however, Lominadze "spoke forcefully, criticizing the positions of other
Communists, and when he finished, his speech was one of the few not greeted by applause." In the same year, he and the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR,
436:
Lominadze and
Shatskin warned against what they called the "right danger in Comintern", which Bukharin's biographer has suggested that this was the first sign of the coming split between Stalin and Bukharin - the two leading figures in the CPSU following the defeat of
460:
In 1930, however, in "a kind of rehabilitation," he returned to
Georgia as First Secretary of the Transcaucasus Regional Committee of the party (Zakkraikom) as part of the party reorganization consequent on Stalin's acknowledgment of the excesses of
405:
as his replacement, before the August 7 Emergency conference at which many former leaders were expelled "in order to secure a new CCP leadership that would embrace Stalin's policies." At that session, over which
Lominadze presided,
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272:
469:
1289:
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426:
477:, met to discuss political matters, agreeing that industrialization was being pushed too rapidly and the peasantry was under excessive pressure; this was considered the creation of a "
205:
311:, and from April 1917 he worked in the military organization of the Petrograd branch of the Bolshevik party. In August he became secretary of the Party Committee of Kutaisi.
1319:
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40:
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445:-Sten-Lominadze group' were threatening party discipline by assuming that the party line was open to discussion. Lominadze was demoted to head of the
44:
441:
and the left - in which
Lominadze and Shatskin were acting as outriders for Stalin. But by July 1929, Stalin was complaining that the 'Shatskin-
397:, the founding head of the Chinese Communist Party, who was made the scapegoat for the failed policy of trying to infiltrate and take over the
417:
to assist him and "cajole the CCP into organizing an urban uprising in time for the 15th Party Congress of the CPSU." Although the disastrous
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Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, The Russian Masters - from Akhmatova and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein - Under Stalin
1195:
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500:
City Committee of the party, a prestigious post he was awarded (along with the Order of Lenin) thanks to his friendship with
362:
249:
193:
1230:
1304:
1309:
474:
509:
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in Moscow (but not the local party), Lominadze was nevertheless somewhat above the infighting that was tearing the
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232:
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element willing to allow a Communist Party fraction to operate within the KMT. He engineered the removal of
386:
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433:, who said that there were no essential differences between feudalism and China's mode of production.
67:
1275:
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1270:
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1264:
1259:
1176:
937:
1103:
1280:
Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1166:
1155:
1144:
1083:
501:
489:
335:
481:," and he was dismissed from his post and removed from the Central Committee on December 1, 1930.
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Vissarion Vissarionovich Lominadze, best known by the Georgian diminutive "Beso," was born in
253:
221:
1038:
1005:
513:
442:
430:
241:
79:
818:
413:
Before Lominadze returned to Moscow in December 1927, Stalin sent out a young German named
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303:), 1897 into the family of a teacher. Beginning in 1913 he participated in student
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regional committee of the party, and from 1921 to 1922 a party organizer in the
131:
560:, Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991.
407:
398:
394:
390:
323:
200:
365:(Komsomol) from 1925 to 1926. During this time, according to the eyewitness,
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402:
358:
153:
863:
819:"Pierre Broué: The "Bloc" of the Oppositions against Stalin (January 1980)"
843:
536:
John Scott, who knew him in Magnitogorsk, left a vivid description of him:
505:
449:
374:
516:" and Trotskyists secretly operating inside the Soviet Union. Historian
484:
While he was party boss in Transcaucasia, Lominadze befriended the poet
350:
315:
292:
107:
676:
Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution, A Political Biography 1888-1938
587:. London: Writers & Readers Publishing Co-operative. p. 259.
260:
politician. The head of the Transcaucasian Oblast organization of the
508:
joined it in an unknown date. By the end of 1932 this group joined a
493:
1330:
First secretaries of the Communist Party of the Transcaucasian SFSR
327:
322:
Committee and a member of the Presidium of the Communist Party of
520:
said the bloc was dissolved after certain members were arrested.
504:. In secret, Lominadze continued operating an opposition group.
319:
910:
891:
Behind the Urals: An American Worker in Russia's City of Steel
334:
of Petrograd, where he was involved in the suppression of the
318:
Party Committee, and from 1919 to 1920 he was a member of the
797:, trans. Nora Seligman Favorov (Yale University Press, 2009:
1130:
1122:
1024:
991:
956:
401:
from within, and picked as the younger and less experienced
705:
Lih, Lars T.; Naumov, Oleg V.; Khlevniuk, Oleg V. (1995).
268:
of 1930, a failed attempt to rein in the growing power of
385:
In July 1927 the Comintern sent him to China to urge the
349:
writes: "An old friend of Stalin's and the choice of the
326:. From 1920 to 1921 he was a member of the Bureau of the
410:
was promoted to alternate membership of the Politburo.
264:, Lominadze is best remembered as a participant in the
1184:
1111:
1013:
980:
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452:division of the Provincial Committee of the party.
369:, Lominadze and two of his colleagues in Komsomol,
199:
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163:
149:
121:
94:
89:
73:
61:
39:
21:
673:
657:Drachkovitch, Milorad M.; Lazitch, Branko (1966).
1290:First secretaries of the Georgian Communist Party
661:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. pp. 68–70.
878:Master of the House: Stalin and His Inner Circle
795:Master of the House: Stalin and His Inner Circle
252:25 May] 1878 – 19 January 1935), was a
1285:20th-century politicians from Georgia (country)
361:as well as being Secretary of the Board of the
343:First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
225:
1019:First Secretaries of Georgian Communist Party
922:
845:Life and Terror in Stalin's Russia, 1934-1941
496:. From August 1933, he was Secretary of the
8:
16:Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician
389:to adopt a more militant policy and find a
357:apart." From 1925 to 1929 he worked in the
929:
915:
907:
377:were known as the 'Young Stalinist Left'.
18:
314:From 1918 to 1919 he was chairman of the
218:Vissarion Vissarionovich "Beso" Lominadze
773:. New York: New Press. pp. 105–06.
573:(Indiana University Press, 1994; p. 218.
262:All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
986:Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee
550:
1320:Soviet politicians who died by suicide
1295:Revolutionaries from Georgia (country)
341:In October 1922 Lominadze was elected
57:22 October 1922 – August 1924
813:
811:
707:Stalin's Letters to Molotov 1925-1936
659:The Comintern - Historical Highlights
645:Mao Tse-tung in Opposition, 1927-1935
609:Mao Tse-tung in Opposition, 1927-1935
7:
709:. New Haven: Yale U.P. p. 162.
345:, a post he held until August 1924.
629:Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon (2006).
168:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1029:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
996:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
611:(Stanford University Press, 1966:
14:
893:(Indiana University Press, 1989:
889:John Scott (ed. Stephen Kotkin),
757:The Making of the Georgian Nation
744:The Making of the Georgian Nation
731:The Making of the Georgian Nation
571:The Making of the Georgian Nation
558:Ломинадзе Виссарион Виссарионович
246:Виссарион Виссарионович Ломинадзе
206:Petrograd Polytechnic University
961:Democratic Republic of Georgia
947:Democratic Republic of Georgia
633:. London: Vintage. p. 60.
237:
1:
680:. New York: Vintage. p.
363:Communist Youth International
307:organizations in Kutaisi and
194:Sverdlov Communist University
842:Thurston, Robert W. (1996).
1127:Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)
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672:Cohen, Stephen F. (1975).
585:Memoirs of a Revolutionary
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1135:Standard of the President
848:. Yale University Press.
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1325:Politicians from Kutaisi
470:Sixteenth Party Congress
295:, Georgia (then part of
266:Syrtsov-Lominadze affair
45:Georgian Communist Party
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387:Chinese Communist Party
1241:* Acting head of state
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1128:
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769:McSmith, Andy (2015).
631:Mao, The Unknown Story
583:Serge, Victor (1984).
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270:Soviet Communist Party
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528:In 1935, summoned to
524:Suicide and aftermath
569:Ronald Grigor Suny,
299:) on June 6 (May 25
1305:People from Kutaisi
793:Oleg V. Khlevniuk,
510:conspiratorial bloc
502:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
336:Kronstadt rebellion
248:; 6 June [
23:Vissarion Lominadze
1310:Soviet politicians
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1129:
1031:
998:
963:
938:Leaders of Georgia
419:Guangzhou Uprising
347:Ronald Grigor Suny
256:revolutionary and
238:besarion lominadze
177:Nina Aleksandrovna
136:Chelyabinsk Oblast
112:Kutais Governorate
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855:978-0-300-06401-8
780:978-1-59558-056-6
456:Return to Georgia
305:Social Democratic
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273:General Secretary
227:ბესარიონ ლომინაძე
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68:Mikheil Okudzhava
30:ბესარიონ ლომინაძე
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1140:Gamsakhurdia
1084:Shevardnadze
1074:Mirtskhulava
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1015:Georgian SSR
982:Georgian SSR
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826:. Retrieved
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498:Magnitogorsk
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475:S.I. Syrtsov
467:
459:
439:Leon Trotsky
435:
424:
412:
384:
367:Victor Serge
340:
313:
290:
217:
216:
144:Soviet Union
127:(1935-01-19)
75:Succeeded by
52:
1265:1935 deaths
1260:1897 births
1167:Saakashvili
1156:Saakashvili
1089:Patiashvili
1079:Mzhavanadze
1044:Gogoberidze
876:Khlevniuk,
864:j.ctt32bw0h
530:Chelyabinsk
287:Early years
150:Nationality
132:Chelyabinsk
105:6 June 1897
63:Preceded by
1254:Categories
1161:Burjanadze
1150:Burjanadze
1117:Presidents
1094:Gumbaridze
1064:Charkviani
1001:Makharadze
967:Ramishvili
940:since 1918
828:2020-08-07
805:), p. 151.
619:), p. 131.
408:Mao Zedong
399:Kuomintang
395:Chen Duxiu
391:Kuomintang
324:Azerbaijan
201:Alma mater
101:1897-06-06
1185:Elections
1104:Mikeladze
1034:Lominadze
972:Zhordania
759:, p. 251.
746:, p. 250.
733:, p. 385.
546:Footnotes
514:rightists
403:Qu Qiubai
359:Comintern
282:Biography
233:romanized
190:Education
53:In office
1099:Margiani
1069:Mgeladze
1039:Kakhiani
506:Jan Sten
490:Nadezhda
450:agitprop
443:Averbakh
375:Jan Sten
254:Georgian
222:Georgian
182:Children
154:Georgian
1049:Mamulia
1006:Mdivani
468:At the
351:Orgburo
316:Tbilisi
293:Kutaisi
242:Russian
108:Kutaisi
43:of the
897:
862:
852:
801:
777:
755:Suny,
742:Suny,
729:Suny,
713:
688:
615:
591:
494:Moscow
258:Soviet
224::
174:Spouse
158:Soviet
1059:Beria
860:JSTOR
643:Rue,
328:Oryol
140:RSFSR
1231:2024
1226:2018
1221:2013
1216:2008
1211:2004
1206:2000
1201:1995
1196:1992
1191:1991
895:ISBN
850:ISBN
799:ISBN
775:ISBN
711:ISBN
686:ISBN
613:ISBN
589:ISBN
373:and
320:Baku
301:O.S.
250:O.S.
122:Died
95:Born
682:267
355:KPG
1256::
858:.
821:.
810:^
684:.
338:.
278:.
244::
240:;
230:,
156:,
142:,
138:,
134:,
114:,
110:,
1163:*
1152:*
930:e
923:t
916:v
866:.
831:.
783:.
719:.
694:.
597:.
235::
220:(
103:)
99:(
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