67:
42:
1358:
Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux det d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Tome II, contenant les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les
1383:
Neue classification der reptilien nach ihren natĂĽrlichen verwandtschaften. Nebst einer verwandtschafts-tafel und einem verzeichnisse der reptilien-sammlung des K. K. zoologischen museum's zu Wien.
1369:
Zoologia specialis, quam expositis animalibus tum vivis, tum fossilibus potissimuni rossiae in universum, et poloniae in specie, in usum lectionum publicarum in
Universitate Caesarea Vilnensi.
408:. Experiments have shown that strikes are not only guided by visual and chemical cues, but also by heat, with warmer targets being struck more frequently than colder ones.
1075:
Nevertheless, these groups, together with the genera currently recognized as belonging to the
Viperinae, are still often referred to collectively as the true vipers.
1619:
1560:
1439:
Mémoire sur la classification des reptiles. Ordre II. Reptiles à écailles. Section II. Ophidiens. Annales du Musée
National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
1014:
Until relatively recently, two other genera were also included in the
Viperinae. However, they were eventually considered so distinctive within the
1547:
1195:
1122:
364:
are clearly lacking in the viperines, a supernasal sac with sensory function has been described in a number of species. This sac is an
1300:
1279:
1258:
1237:
1171:
1163:
1552:
1191:
1459:
1419:
Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, avec l'indication de leurs genres.
726:
1450:. 1869. "Synopsis der Viperiden: nebst Bemerkungen ĂĽber die geographische Verbreitung dieser Giftschlangen-Familie".
1624:
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281:
66:
1565:
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734:
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153:
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1330:. 1996. A review of the tribe Atherini (Serpentes: Viperidae), with the descriptions of two new genera.
1068:
705:
1534:
1393:
1327:
1151:
1078:
722:
242:
1064:
1391:. 1825. A Synopsis of the Genera of Reptiles and Amphibia, with a Description of some New Species.
1058:
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61:
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233:
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339:, which grows to a maximum total length (body and tail) of 280 mm (11 in), to the
335:
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41:
967:
903:
658:
504:
1512:
343:, which reaches a maximum total length of over 2 m (6.6 ft). Most species are
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Lynn WG. 1931. The
Structure and Function of the Facial Pit of the Pit Vipers.
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963:
875:
843:
778:
759:
709:
606:
417:
361:
301:
289:
1497:
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1343:. 1847. Catalogue of Reptiles Inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and Islands.
1015:
770:
642:
634:
602:
449:
322:
262:
78:
1156:
Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1
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1053:
911:
859:
622:
618:
594:
398:
265:
118:
98:
17:
1317:
Breidenbach CH. 1990. Thermal Cues
Influence Strikes in Pitless Vipers.
1083:
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297:
108:
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920:
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1158:. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
907:
805:
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671:
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610:
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513:
444:
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293:
138:
128:
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1232:. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar. 359 pp.
1452:
Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg
951:
654:
570:
273:
1472:
1230:
True Vipers: Natural
History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers
380:. The nerve endings here resemble those in the labial pits of
828:
Nilson, Tuniyev, Andren, Orlov, Joger, & Herrmann, 1999
416:
Viperinae are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa, but not in
280:. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing
1081:(1996) recognized a new tribe, Atherini, for the genera
1295:. Ralph Curtis Books. Dubai: Oriental Press. 192 pp.
1253:. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp.
360:
Although the heat-sensing pits that characterize the
325:
vipers", and "true adders" all refer to this group.
1481:
1018:, that separate subfamilies were created for them:
321:
The common names "pitless vipers", "true vipers", "
1345:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta
402:, but is especially well developed in the genus
1274:. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Inc. 160 pp.
384:. The supernasal sac is present in the genera
333:Members of this subfamily range in size from
8:
1469:
40:
31:
428:Generally, members of this subfamily are
459:
347:, but a few, such as those of the genus
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1196:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1123:List of viperine species and subspecies
993:
1411:London: Ray Society. xxvii + 452 pp. .
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
7:
1620:Taxa named by Nicolaus Michael Oppel
1361:Paris: DĂ©terville. xviii + 532 pp. .
1228:Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003.
974:. Also found in Northern Africa in
816:above 3,000 m (9,800 ft).
1385:Vienna: J.G. HĂĽbner. vii + 66 pp. .
1350:(2): 607–656, 897–952, 1026-1078 .
689:India and Sri Lanka, parts of the
25:
962:) and Aegean Sea eastward across
693:and Africa north of the equator.
1067:(1987) and further supported by
65:
1409:The Reptiles of British India.
1332:African Journal of Herpetology
1293:The Dangerous Snakes of Africa
1:
1251:Poisonous Snakes of the World
928:
895:
851:
830:
798:
754:
714:
682:
587:
555:
524:
492:
314:. Like all vipers, they are
1426:American Journal of Anatomy
1421:Paris: Baillière. 570 pp. .
1051:— recognition of subfamily
946:and on some islands in the
765:Semideserts and steppes of
370:supranasal and nasal scales
1641:
1291:Spawls S, Branch B. 1995.
858:Floodplains from southern
432:, although a few, such as
310:, even occurs within the
296:are recognized. Most are
168:
161:
62:Scientific classification
60:
48:
39:
34:
372:and is connected to the
368:of the skin between the
304:, although one species,
284:that characterize their
1319:Journal of Herpetology
257:, or viperines, are a
1587:Paleobiology Database
1444:: 254–295, 376–393. .
1026:— moved to subfamily
802:Kenya mountain viper
773:and Middle East, and
721:The desert region of
1394:Annals of Philosophy
1270:Stidworthy J. 1974.
899:False-horned vipers
1371:Vilnius: Zawadski.
1272:Snakes of the World
808:: moorlands of the
27:Subfamily of snakes
940:continental Europe
938:and nearly all of
932:Palearctic vipers
686:Saw-scaled vipers
501:sub-Saharan Africa
1625:Snake subfamilies
1602:
1601:
1574:Open Tree of Life
1475:Taxon identifiers
1249:U.S. Navy. 1991.
1154:, Touré T. 1999.
1062:
990:
989:
862:(northern end of
565:eastward through
536:Arabian Peninsula
534:and the southern
475:Geographic range
374:ophthalmic branch
353:, are completely
252:
251:
246:
237:
228:
219:
210:
201:
192:
183:
174:
157:
16:(Redirected from
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1063:was proposed by
1057:
1003:
998:
718:McMahon's viper
460:
412:Geographic range
378:trigeminal nerve
336:Bitis schneideri
292:. Currently, 13
288:, the subfamily
241:
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1311:Further reading
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926:Laurenti, 1768
849:Broadley, 1996
767:Northern Africa
505:southern Africa
458:
426:
414:
331:
151:
64:
54:Daboia russelii
28:
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22:
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1397:, New Series,
1386:
1379:Fitzinger LJFJ
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885:Pseudocerastes
880:
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855:Lowland viper
853:
850:
847:
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838:
835:
834:Upland vipers
832:
829:
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810:Aberdare Range
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559:Horned vipers
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452:(egg-laying).
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393:Pseudocerastes
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1458:(6): 1–114 .
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1109:for which is
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964:Northern Asia
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948:Mediterranean
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944:Arctic Circle
941:
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936:Great Britain
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466:Taxon author
465:
462:
461:
455:
453:
451:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
431:
430:ovoviviparous
423:
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313:
312:Arctic Circle
309:
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283:
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271:
267:
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256:
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235:
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222:Viperiformes
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63:
59:
56:, a viperine
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1482:
1455:
1454:. 7e série.
1451:
1441:
1438:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1415:Latreille PA
1408:
1405:GĂĽnther ACLG
1398:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1357:
1347:
1344:
1334:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1292:
1287:
1271:
1266:
1250:
1245:
1229:
1199:. Retrieved
1155:
1110:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1052:
1048:
1027:
1023:
1013:
996:
919:
910:eastward to
883:
842:
837:Middle East
821:
786:
742:
700:Eristicophis
698:
670:
578:
563:North Africa
543:
528:Puff adders
512:
503:, excluding
496:Bush vipers
480:
472:Common name
448:species are
443:
437:
433:
427:
424:Reproduction
415:
403:
397:
391:
385:
366:invagination
359:
348:
341:Gaboon viper
334:
332:
320:
307:Vipera berus
305:
286:sister group
254:
253:
148:
53:
29:
1507:Wikispecies
1401:: 193-217 .
1375:: 404 pp. .
1365:Eichwald, E
1337:(2): 40–48.
1328:Broadley DG
1192:"Viperinae"
1152:Campbell JA
1096:Montatheris
1090:Adenorhinos
1065:Groombridge
1029:Azemiopinae
972:North Korea
956:Montecristo
942:across the
864:Lake Malawi
823:Montivipera
814:Mount Kenya
788:Montatheris
744:Macrovipera
731:Afghanistan
723:Balochistan
691:Middle East
591:Day adders
585:Gray, 1842
442:, and some
345:terrestrial
329:Description
302:subtropical
213:Viperiodei
204:Viperiodea
173:Oppel, 1811
145:Subfamily:
50:Chain viper
1609:Categories
1359:annélidés.
1324:: 448–450.
1166:(series).
1129:References
1107:type genus
1102:Proatheris
1001:Type genus
876:Mozambique
874:, central
866:) through
844:Proatheris
779:Aegean Sea
760:Palearctic
665:islands).
607:Bangladesh
418:Madagascar
362:Crotalinae
290:Crotalinae
282:pit organs
186:Viperides
125:Suborder:
35:Viperinae
1615:Viperinae
1513:Viperinae
1483:Viperinae
1448:Strauch A
1341:Cantor TE
1174:(volume).
1016:Viperidae
902:From the
891:Boulenger
725:near the
643:Indonesia
635:Guangdong
603:Sri Lanka
499:Tropical
450:oviparous
323:Old World
259:subfamily
255:Viperinae
240:Atherini
231:Viperida
207:Fitzinger
195:Viperina
189:Latreille
171:Viperini
149:Viperinae
139:Viperidae
129:Serpentes
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
18:Viperines
1540:52233775
1492:Wikidata
1437:. 1811.
1417:. 1825.
1407:. 1864.
1381:. 1826.
1367:. 1831.
1356:. 1817.
1354:Cuvier G
1201:4 August
1117:See also
1079:Broadley
1054:Causinae
1024:Azemiops
1010:Taxonomy
968:Sakhalin
912:Pakistan
870:to near
860:Tanzania
794:Broadley
737:border.
735:Pakistan
623:Cambodia
619:Thailand
595:Pakistan
551:Laurenti
545:Cerastes
469:Species
439:Cerastes
355:arboreal
316:venomous
298:tropical
243:Broadley
216:Eichwald
177:Viperes
163:Synonyms
135:Family:
119:Squamata
109:Reptilia
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
1498:Q651012
1435:Oppel M
1389:Gray JE
1111:Atheris
1084:Atheris
1071:(1992).
1044:(1971).
984:Tunisia
980:Algeria
976:Morocco
893:, 1896
796:, 1996
777:in the
762:vipers
752:, 1927
712:, 1897
680:, 1820
663:Lomblen
653:, east
631:Guangxi
615:Myanmar
553:, 1768
522:, 1842
490:, 1862
482:Atheris
376:of the
350:Atheris
266:endemic
234:Strauch
225:GĂĽnther
115:Order:
105:Class:
1579:785614
1553:563898
1299:
1278:
1257:
1236:
1170:
1162:
1105:, the
1061:, 1860
1049:Causus
1047:Genus
1040:&
1022:Genus
960:Sicily
921:Vipera
868:Malawi
769:, the
758:Large
706:Alcock
678:Merrem
659:Komodo
651:Flores
639:Taiwan
580:Daboia
567:Arabia
532:Africa
463:Genus
456:Genera
399:Causus
387:Daboia
294:genera
278:Africa
270:Europe
263:vipers
245:, 1996
236:, 1869
227:, 1864
218:, 1831
209:, 1826
200:, 1825
191:, 1825
182:, 1817
180:Cuvier
156:, 1811
1592:64912
1527:87CPV
1431:: 97.
1069:Cadle
908:Egypt
904:Sinai
872:Beira
806:Kenya
775:Milos
750:Reuss
672:Echis
647:Endeh
627:China
611:Nepal
599:India
514:Bitis
445:Echis
405:Bitis
154:Oppel
1566:8690
1561:NCBI
1548:ITIS
1297:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1203:2006
1168:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1099:and
1059:Cope
1042:Rabb
1038:Marx
1034:Liem
982:and
970:and
952:Elba
812:and
771:Near
727:Iran
710:Finn
708:and
655:Java
641:and
633:and
571:Iran
569:and
520:Gray
488:Cope
396:and
382:boas
300:and
276:and
274:Asia
198:Gray
1535:EoL
1522:CoL
1460:BHL
1032:by
966:to
929:21
906:of
683:12
637:),
525:18
493:18
268:to
261:of
1611::
1589::
1576::
1563::
1550::
1537::
1524::
1509::
1494::
1456:14
1442:16
1429:49
1399:10
1348:16
1335:45
1211:^
1194:.
1179:^
1137:^
1113:.
1093:,
1087:,
1036:,
986:.
978:,
958:,
954:,
914:.
896:3
878:.
852:1
831:8
799:1
781:.
755:2
715:1
661:,
657:,
649:,
625:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
597:,
588:4
573:.
556:3
538:.
507:.
436:,
420:.
390:,
357:.
318:.
272:,
52:,
1373:3
1322:4
1303:.
1282:.
1261:.
1240:.
1205:.
950:(
733:-
729:-
645:(
629:(
20:)
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