1273:
1343:
590:
53:
1025:
disease. This vaccine may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by reducing the number of circulating infections. Since 2000, the implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program in the United States has substantially decreased the number of cases of diarrhea by as much as 80 percent. The first dose of vaccine should be given to infants between 6 and 15 weeks of age. The
977:
905:, and abnormal breathing. Other useful findings (when used in combination) include sunken eyes, decreased activity, a lack of tears, and a dry mouth. A normal urinary output and oral fluid intake is reassuring. Laboratory testing is of little clinical benefit in determining the degree of dehydration. Thus the use of urine testing or ultrasounds is generally not needed.
381:
570:. Viruses cause about 70% of episodes of infectious diarrhea in the pediatric age group. Rotavirus is a less common cause in adults due to acquired immunity. Norovirus is the cause in about 18% of all cases. Generally speaking, viral gastroenteritis accounts for 21–40% of the cases of infectious diarrhea in developed countries.
1024:
be offered to all children globally. Two commercial rotavirus vaccines exist and several more are in development. In Africa and Asia these vaccines reduced severe disease among infants and countries that have put in place national immunization programs have seen a decline in the rates and severity of
632:
species. If food becomes contaminated with bacteria and remains at room temperature for a period of several hours, the bacteria multiply and increase the risk of infection in those who consume the food. Some foods commonly associated with illness include raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and
1537:
or "cholera morbus", among others, or less specifically as "griping of the guts", "surfeit", "flux", "colic", "bowel complaint", or any one of a number of other archaic names for acute diarrhea. Cholera morbus is a historical term that was used to refer to gastroenteritis rather than specifically
1524:
Gastroenteritis is the main reason for 3.7 million visits to physicians a year in the United States and 3 million visits in France. In the United States gastroenteritis as a whole is believed to result in costs of US$ 23 billion per year, with rotavirus alone resulting in estimated
1487:
are most commonly affected. As of 2011, in those younger than five, there were about 1.7 billion cases resulting in 0.7 million deaths, with most of these occurring in the world's poorest nations. More than 450,000 of these fatalities are due to rotavirus in children under five years of
744:
of babies with improperly sanitized bottles is a significant cause. Transmission rates are also related to poor hygiene, (especially among children), in crowded households, and in those with poor nutritional status. Adults who have developed immunities might still carry certain organisms without
1492:
causes about three to five million cases of disease and kills approximately 100,000 people yearly. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year that result in significant gastroenteritis. It is less common in adults, partly due to the
1117:
It is recommended that breast-fed infants continue to be nursed in the usual fashion, and that formula-fed infants continue their formula immediately after rehydration with ORT. Lactose-free or lactose-reduced formulas usually are not necessary. Children should continue their usual diet during
367:
are affected the most. In 2011, there were about 1.7 billion cases, resulting in about 700,000 deaths of children under the age of five. In the developing world, children less than two years of age frequently get six or more infections a year. It is less common in adults, partly due to the
1500:
In 1980, gastroenteritis from all causes caused 4.6 million deaths in children, with the majority occurring in the developing world. Death rates were reduced significantly (to approximately 1.5 million deaths annually) by 2000, largely due to the introduction and widespread use of
816:
In the United States, rates of emergency department use for noninfectious gastroenteritis dropped 30% from 2006 until 2011. Of the twenty most common conditions seen in the emergency department, rates of noninfectious gastroenteritis had the largest decrease in visits in that time period.
398:. Sometimes, only one or the other is present. This may be accompanied by abdominal cramps. Signs and symptoms usually begin 12–72 hours after contracting the infectious agent. If due to a virus, the condition usually resolves within one week. Some viral infections also involve
3181:
Although most cases of travelers' diarrhea are acute and self-limited, a certain percentage of travelers will develop persistent (>14 days) gastrointestinal symptoms ... Parasites as a group are the pathogens most likely to be isolated from patients with persistent
646:
is an important cause of diarrhea that occurs more often in the elderly. Infants can carry these bacteria without developing symptoms. It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use.
5531:
5496:
1243:
Antimotility medication has a theoretical risk of causing complications, and although clinical experience has shown this to be unlikely, these drugs are discouraged in people with bloody diarrhea or diarrhea that is complicated by fever.
1007:
with soap) have been found to decrease rates of gastroenteritis in both the developing and developed world by as much as 30%. Alcohol-based gels may also be effective. Food or drink that is thought to be contaminated should be avoided.
1096:
or if dehydration is severe. Drinking replacement therapy products made with complex carbohydrates (i.e. those made from wheat or rice) may be superior to those based on simple sugars. Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as
657:" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. Acid-suppressing medication appears to increase the risk of significant infection after exposure to a number of organisms, including
1164:
might also be helpful. However, the use of ondansetron might possibly be linked to an increased rate of return to hospital in children. The intravenous preparation of ondansetron may be given orally if clinical judgment warrants.
1177:
Antibiotics are not usually used for gastroenteritis, although they are sometimes recommended if symptoms are particularly severe or if a susceptible bacterial cause is isolated or suspected. If antibiotics are to be employed, a
4366:
Hempel S, Newberry, SJ, Maher, AR, Wang, Z, Miles, JN, Shanman, R, Johnsen, B, Shekelle, PG (9 May 2012). "Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
841:, often due to infection. The changes in the small bowel are typically noninflammatory, while the ones in the large bowel are inflammatory. The number of pathogens required to cause an infection varies from as few as one (for
868:, and those who have recently traveled to the developing world. It may also be appropriate in children younger than 5, old people, and those with poor immune function. Diagnostic testing may also be done for surveillance. As
896:
is an important part of the assessment, with dehydration typically divided into mild (3–5%), moderate (6–9%), and severe (≥10%) cases. In children, the most accurate signs of moderate or severe dehydration are a prolonged
4610:
Sturm JJ, Hirsh DA, Schweickert A, Massey R, Simon HK (May 2010). "Ondansetron use in the pediatric emergency department and effects on hospitalization and return rates: are we masking alternative diagnoses?".
1573:(TGEV) occurs in pigs resulting in vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. It is believed to be introduced to pigs by wild birds and there is no specific treatment available. It is not transmissible to humans.
417:
Children infected with rotavirus usually make a full recovery within three to eight days. However, in poor countries treatment for severe infections is often out of reach and persistent diarrhea is common.
715:
occurs more commonly in the developing world, but this type of illness can occur nearly everywhere. It occurs more commonly in persons who have traveled to areas with high prevalence, children who attend
2052:"2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1933:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1509:), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age.
960:
Appendicitis may present with vomiting, abdominal pain, and a small amount of diarrhea in up to 33% of cases. This is in contrast to the large amount of diarrhea that is typical of gastroenteritis.
736:
Transmission may occur from drinking contaminated water or when people share personal objects. Water quality typically worsens during the rainy season and outbreaks are more common at this time. In
6464:
1879:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
857:
Gastroenteritis is typically diagnosed clinically, based on a person's signs and symptoms. Determining the exact cause is usually not needed as it does not alter the management of the condition.
3463:
Freedman SB, Vandermeer B, Milne A, Hartling L (April 2015). "Diagnosing clinically significant dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis using noninvasive methods: a meta-analysis".
1252:
analogue, is commonly used for the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. Loperamide is not recommended in children, however, as it may cross the immature blood–brain barrier and cause toxicity.
7519:
1133:
make little or no difference to people who have diarrhea lasting 2 days or longer and that there is no proof that they reduce its duration. They may be useful in preventing and treating
1521:", "Delhi belly", "la turista", and "back door sprint", among others. It has played a role in many military campaigns and is believed to be the origin of the term "no guts no glory".
968:(DKA) presents with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, but without diarrhea. One study found that 17% of children with DKA were initially diagnosed as having gastroenteritis.
5642:
3168:
3628:"Summary of effectiveness and impact of rotavirus vaccination with the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: a systematic review of the experience in industrialized countries"
60:
Gastroenteritis viruses: A = rotavirus, B = adenovirus, C = norovirus and D = astrovirus. The virus particles are shown at the same magnification to allow size comparison.
6942:
6146:
5324:
1012:
is important, especially in places with poor hygiene, as is improvement of hygiene generally. Breast milk reduces both the frequency of infections and their duration.
3247:
Escobedo AA, Almirall, P, Robertson, LJ, Franco, RM, Hanevik, K, Mørch, K, Cimerman, S (October 2010). "Giardiasis: the ever-present threat of a neglected disease".
527:. Non-infectious causes are seen on occasion, but they are less likely than a viral or bacterial cause. Risk of infection is higher in children due to their lack of
3361:
3665:
414:, the cause is less likely to be viral and more likely to be bacterial. Some bacterial infections cause severe abdominal pain and may persist for several weeks.
7533:
3688:
2561:
Meloni A, Locci, D, Frau, G, Masia, G, Nurchi, AM, Coppola, RC (October 2011). "Epidemiology and prevention of rotavirus infection: an underestimated issue?".
581:, in hospitals, or in restaurants. People may remain infectious even after their diarrhea has ended. Norovirus is the cause of about 10% of cases in children.
340:
is recommended as a prevention for children. Treatment involves getting enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved by drinking
5741:
7967:
7962:
1483:
It is estimated that there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis that resulted in 1.3 million deaths globally in 2015. Children and those in the
7199:
5780:
633:
eggs; raw sprouts; unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses; and fruit and vegetable juices. In the developing world, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Asia,
7030:
1109:
can be used in young children to administer fluids if warranted. In those who require intravenous fluids, one to four hours' worth is often sufficient.
1048:
Gastroenteritis is usually an acute and self-limiting disease that does not require medication. The preferred treatment in those with mild to moderate
573:
Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis among adults in
America accounting for about 90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks. These localized
7070:
4654:
1570:
2604:
4005:
3974:
562:
are known to cause viral gastroenteritis. Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children, and produces similar rates in both the
4843:
1126:(bananas, rice, applesauce, toast and tea) is no longer recommended, as it contains insufficient nutrients and has no benefit over normal feeding.
5635:
3375:
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, Langley JM, Wanke C, Warren CA, Cheng AC, Cantey J, Pickering LK (19 October 2017).
3197:
Leonard J, Marshall, JK, Moayyedi, P (September 2007). "Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression".
3875:
Tate JE, Cortese, MM, Payne, DC, Curns, AT, Yen, C, Esposito, DH, Cortes, JE, Lopman, BA, Patel, MM, Gentsch, JR, Parashar, UD (January 2011).
1272:
70:
4232:
Toaimah FH, Mohammad HM (February 2016). "Rapid
Intravenous Rehydration Therapy in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review".
6935:
6008:
5444:
5411:
5380:
5349:
5304:
5238:
5156:
4998:
4958:
4766:
3522:
2829:
2694:
2422:
2298:
2025:
1994:
1852:
1821:
1783:
1160:
has some utility, with a single dose being associated with less need for intravenous fluids, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased vomiting.
769:
There are a number of non-infectious causes of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the more common include medications (like
7163:
519:
species are the primary causes of gastroenteritis. There are, however, many other infectious agents that can cause this syndrome including
1827:
5417:
5386:
5355:
5310:
2031:
2000:
1858:
1789:
426:. Severe dehydration in children may be recognized if the skin color and position returns slowly when pressed. This is called "prolonged
7220:
5244:
5162:
2304:
6221:
5628:
344:(a combination of water, salts and sugar). In those who are breastfed, continued breastfeeding is recommended. For more severe cases,
434:". Abnormal breathing is another sign of severe dehydration. Repeat infections are typically seen in areas with poor sanitation, and
7539:
7065:
7022:
6893:
6740:
3877:"Uptake, impact, and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in the United States: review of the first 3 years of postlicensure data"
3164:
961:
7454:
4303:
3861:
3818:
363:
In 2015, there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis, resulting in 1.3 million deaths globally. Children and those in the
309:
are common causes. Eating improperly prepared food, drinking contaminated water or close contact with a person who is infected can
3377:"2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea"
1105:
diarrhea. Plain water may be used if more specific ORT preparations are unavailable or the person is not willing to drink them. A
7525:
6928:
6638:
1093:
3542:
6779:
6391:
6374:
5879:
5874:
5751:
5211:
5904:
453:
7124:
7110:
6633:
6589:
6483:
6305:
4948:
1134:
6844:
6690:
4411:
4142:
1723:
1346:
642:
1145:
supplementation appears to be effective in both treating and preventing diarrhea among children in the developing world.
7952:
7947:
7329:
7323:
7234:
7228:
7118:
6599:
6118:
5726:
3601:
3353:
913:
Other potential causes of signs and symptoms that mimic those seen in gastroenteritis that need to be ruled out include
237:
5813:
5461:
Diarrhoea and
Vomiting Caused by Gastroenteritis: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years
1342:
313:. Treatment is generally the same with or without a definitive diagnosis, so testing to confirm is usually not needed.
7692:
7618:
7612:
7285:
4842:
Effa EE, Lassi, ZS, Critchley, JA, Garner, P, Sinclair, D, Olliaro, PL, Bhutta, ZA (5 October 2011). Bhutta ZA (ed.).
3627:
2321:
Walker CL, Rudan, I, Liu, L, Nair, H, Theodoratou, E, Bhutta, ZA, O'Brien, KL, Campbell, H, Black, RE (Apr 20, 2013).
5709:
5038:
3726:
3116:
Lin Z, Kotler, DP, Schlievert, PM, Sordillo, EM (May 2010). "Staphylococcal enterocolitis: forgotten but not gone?".
711:
spp., and other species have also been implicated. As a group, these agents comprise about 10% of cases in children.
360:
are generally not needed. However, antibiotics are recommended for young children with a fever and bloody diarrhea.
6179:
6108:
922:
157:
7749:
7356:
6452:
6408:
6361:
6167:
5785:
5181:
1232:
721:
596:
serovar
Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) as seen with a microscope at 1000 fold magnification and following Gram staining
485:
457:
341:
197:
6478:
4095:
Tytgat GN (2007). "Hyoscine butylbromide: a review of its use in the treatment of abdominal cramping and pain".
1194:, usually caused by antibiotic use, is managed by discontinuing the causative agent and treating it with either
7458:
7370:
7275:
7105:
7078:
7050:
6983:
6798:
6113:
6071:
5884:
5759:
5746:
5687:
5557:
3626:
Giaquinto C, Dominiak-Felden G, Van Damme P, Myint TT, Maldonado YA, Spoulou V, Mast TC, Staat MA (July 2011).
1502:
1191:
1053:
980:
Percentage of rotavirus tests with positive results, by surveillance week, United States, July 2000 – June 2009
953:
abuse should also be considered. The differential diagnosis can be complicated somewhat if the person exhibits
934:
798:
5716:
4427:"Oral rehydration salts, zinc supplement and rota virus vaccine in the management of childhood acute diarrhea"
2641:
999:
practices are important for reducing rates of infection and clinically significant gastroenteritis. Personal
7957:
7254:
6723:
6500:
6241:
6033:
5692:
3512:
926:
105:
7448:
7044:
5258:
Weese JS (March 2011). "Bacterial enteritis in dogs and cats: diagnosis, therapy, and zoonotic potential".
4646:
1550:
Many of the same agents cause gastroenteritis in cats and dogs as in humans. The most common organisms are
637:
is a common cause of gastroenteritis. This infection is usually transmitted by contaminated water or food.
7648:
7626:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7386:
7280:
7241:
6803:
6527:
6510:
5920:
5894:
5770:
5721:
5682:
5660:
5652:
4013:
3982:
2612:
1662:
1518:
670:
654:
161:
152:
7633:
7214:
7084:
6735:
6643:
6604:
6532:
4756:
1253:
965:
701:
649:
606:
is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, with half of these cases associated with exposure to
7055:
6654:
5835:
4284:"Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy"
2894:
Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, Verhoef L, Premkumar P, Parashar UD, Koopmans M, Lopman BA (Aug 2014).
2773:
Szajewska H, Dziechciarz, P (January 2010). "Gastrointestinal infections in the pediatric population".
3799:"Delayed onset and diminished magnitude of rotavirus activity—United States, November 2007 – May 2008"
7897:
7729:
7364:
7193:
6774:
6718:
6539:
6435:
6018:
6013:
5847:
5765:
5731:
1032:
There are a number of vaccines against gastroenteritis in development. For example, vaccines against
1020:
Due to both its effectiveness and safety, in 2009 the World Health
Organization recommended that the
942:
938:
793:
may also occur. Some food-related conditions associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea include:
602:
7977:
7942:
7315:
7036:
6868:
6678:
6571:
6554:
6515:
6488:
6440:
6283:
6260:
6253:
6202:
6174:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6003:
5535:
3425:
2896:"Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1261:
1235:(WHO) recommends the use of antibiotics in young children who have both bloody diarrhea and fever.
1089:
384:
165:
7418:
7174:
6880:
6745:
6728:
6713:
6700:
6683:
6549:
6076:
6048:
5808:
5704:
5669:
5318:
5187:
4257:
4120:
3906:
3779:
3657:
3488:
3222:
3141:
3098:
3051:
2847:"Immune responses to rotavirus infection and vaccination and associated correlates of protection"
2798:
2586:
2165:
1494:
746:
528:
445:
369:
345:
201:
81:
6920:
6184:
5982:
4563:"Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents"
4040:"Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents"
1505:. In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the
786:
4518:
1811:
7972:
7882:
7833:
7814:
7795:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7573:
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7395:
7099:
6977:
6858:
6839:
6212:
5597:
5568:
5440:
5407:
5401:
5376:
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5339:
5300:
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5275:
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5152:
5127:
5086:
5030:
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4930:
4912:
4873:
4824:
4793:
Christopher PR, David, KV, John, SM, Sankarapandian, V (4 August 2010). Christopher PR (ed.).
4762:
4734:
4699:
4628:
4592:
4540:
4499:
4458:
4384:
4348:
4295:
4249:
4214:
4165:
4112:
4077:
4059:
3955:
3898:
3853:
3810:
3771:
3718:
3649:
3593:
3518:
3480:
3445:
3406:
3334:
3299:
3264:
3214:
3133:
3090:
3043:
3005:
2964:
2925:
2876:
2825:
2817:
2790:
2748:
2690:
2578:
2540:
2480:
2418:
2352:
2294:
2250:
2209:
2157:
2122:
2071:
2021:
2015:
1990:
1984:
1962:
1908:
1848:
1842:
1817:
1779:
1773:
1752:
1085:
1021:
930:
610:. In children, bacteria are the cause in about 15% of cases, with the most common types being
589:
484:. Children are more predisposed to getting HUS than adults. Some viral infections may produce
337:
139:
65:
5228:
5146:
2288:
7857:
7567:
7247:
7179:
7060:
6991:
6905:
6825:
6820:
6810:
6672:
6544:
6472:
6290:
6197:
6192:
6122:
6081:
5889:
5854:
5267:
5117:
5076:
4920:
4904:
4863:
4855:
4814:
4806:
4726:
4689:
4681:
4620:
4582:
4574:
4530:
4489:
4448:
4438:
4376:
4338:
4330:
4317:
Collinson S, Deans A, Padua-Zamora A, Gregorio GV, Li C, Dans LF, Allen SJ (December 2020).
4241:
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2997:
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2530:
2522:
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2334:
2240:
2149:
2112:
2102:
2063:
1952:
1944:
1898:
1890:
1742:
1732:
1533:
The first usage of "gastroenteritis" was in 1825. Before this time it was commonly known as
1484:
1106:
1069:
898:
612:
567:
509:
481:
473:
427:
364:
349:
74:
4156:
Canavan A, Arant BS (October 2009). "Diagnosis and management of dehydration in children".
864:
should be performed in those with blood in the stool, those who might have been exposed to
7781:
7686:
7606:
7595:
7466:
7430:
7350:
7136:
6997:
6863:
6793:
6659:
6594:
6559:
6430:
6295:
6231:
6133:
6052:
6043:
5993:
5933:
5795:
5215:
4478:"Use of antiemetic agents in acute gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1187:
1026:
946:
782:
707:
695:
563:
5620:
4283:
3841:
3798:
46:
Gastro, stomach bug, stomach virus, stomach flu, gastric flu, gastrointestinitis, flu bug
4404:"Does yogurt decrease acute diarrhoeal symptoms in children with acute gastroenteritis?"
268:
may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to
52:
7017:
6900:
6815:
6369:
6342:
6207:
6142:
6138:
6028:
5998:
5081:
5064:
4987:
4925:
4892:
4868:
4819:
4794:
4694:
4669:
4587:
4562:
4535:
4453:
4426:
4343:
4318:
4209:
4184:
4072:
4039:
3950:
3925:
3924:
Sinclair D, Abba, K, Zaman, K, Qadri, F, Graves, PM (16 March 2011). Sinclair D (ed.).
3713:
3401:
3376:
2920:
2871:
2846:
2743:
2718:
2535:
2510:
2347:
2322:
2117:
2090:
1957:
1932:
1903:
1878:
1747:
1718:
1166:
1161:
1073:
1061:
865:
789:
is also a non-infectious cause of (often severe) gastroenteritis. Disease secondary to
741:
439:
329:
257:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5122:
4624:
3550:
2911:
2642:"Management of acute diarrhoea and vomiting due to gastoenteritis in children under 5"
2338:
2067:
1948:
1894:
1101:
and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under five years of age as they may
1056:(ORT). For children at risk of dehydration from vomiting, taking a single dose of the
7936:
7012:
7007:
6955:
6833:
6786:
6579:
6522:
6505:
6417:
6162:
5989:
5864:
5830:
5775:
4108:
3748:
Patel MM, Steele, D, Gentsch, JR, Wecker, J, Glass, RI, Parashar, UD (January 2011).
3210:
3001:
2140:
Man SM (December 2011). "The clinical importance of emerging
Campylobacter species".
2050:
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD (February 2012).
1877:
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury
Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (8 October 2016).
1582:
1534:
1209:
1195:
1009:
861:
737:
674:
577:
typically occur when groups of people spend time proximate to each other, such as on
515:
477:
325:
305:
187:
145:
17:
5608:
5551:
5400:
Zimmerman J, Karriker L, Ramirez A, Kent
Schwartz, Gregory Stevenson (15 May 2012).
5208:
4261:
4124:
3910:
3661:
3492:
3226:
3102:
2590:
2169:
1040:(ETEC), which are two of the leading bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide.
7873:
7723:
7401:
7262:
6708:
6620:
6493:
6396:
6347:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6236:
6061:
5977:
5869:
5859:
5825:
4908:
4859:
4810:
4578:
4334:
4200:
4055:
3941:
3783:
3317:
Lawrence DT, Dobmeier, SG, Bechtel, LK, Holstege, CP (May 2007). "Food poisoning".
3145:
3055:
2802:
1183:
1169:, while reducing vomiting, does not appear to have a significant clinical benefit.
1119:
1004:
914:
877:
869:
802:
578:
435:
317:
233:
175:
4964:
1719:"Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis"
5562:
4245:
3893:
3876:
3766:
3749:
3039:
2786:
2687:
Emergency
Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))
2574:
531:. Children are also at higher risk because they are less likely to practice good
7913:
7862:
7850:
7845:
7838:
7826:
7821:
7800:
7770:
7672:
7511:
7423:
7406:
7341:
7002:
6888:
6650:
6628:
6459:
6379:
6023:
5924:
5677:
5592:
3476:
2734:
1506:
1204:
1157:
1098:
1065:
1049:
902:
893:
838:
834:
806:
461:
431:
419:
380:
333:
321:
265:
183:
179:
110:
5573:
5467:
5460:
5271:
4561:
Fedorowicz Z, Jagannath, VA, Carter, B (7 September 2011). Fedorowicz Z (ed.).
4494:
4477:
4403:
4138:
3260:
2960:
2476:
7763:
7547:
7304:
6664:
6337:
6315:
5960:
5899:
5521:
5517:
5505:
5437:
Mandell, Douglas, and
Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases
5406:(10th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. p. 504.
5105:
4730:
3578:
3330:
3295:
3129:
2415:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases
2245:
2228:
2153:
1816:(8 ed.). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2003.
1245:
1228:
1199:
1153:
1057:
996:
881:
653:
infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. Acute "
618:
559:
555:
357:
4916:
4844:"Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever)"
4185:"Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea"
4063:
3441:
2944:
7808:
7789:
7756:
7744:
7738:
7717:
7663:
7591:
7562:
7485:
7477:
7439:
7208:
7187:
7093:
6971:
6963:
6951:
6614:
6584:
6447:
6425:
6278:
6129:
6103:
5965:
5955:
5842:
5803:
5736:
5603:
5525:
5513:
5509:
4443:
3842:"Reduction in rotavirus after vaccine introduction—United States, 2000–2009"
2862:
2020:(3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 457.
1179:
1130:
1123:
976:
964:
or urinary tract in children may also cause vomiting or diarrhea. Classical
794:
725:
690:
551:
547:
520:
504:
500:
411:
300:
296:
288:
269:
245:
128:
5279:
5131:
5090:
5034:
5015:
4934:
4877:
4828:
4738:
4703:
4632:
4596:
4544:
4503:
4462:
4388:
4380:
4352:
4299:
4253:
4218:
4169:
4116:
4081:
3959:
3902:
3857:
3814:
3775:
3722:
3653:
3597:
3484:
3449:
3410:
3338:
3303:
3268:
3218:
3137:
3094:
3086:
3047:
3009:
2968:
2929:
2880:
2794:
2752:
2582:
2544:
2484:
2463:
Eckardt AJ, Baumgart DC (January 2011). "Viral gastroenteritis in adults".
2356:
2254:
2213:
2161:
2126:
2075:
1966:
1912:
1756:
872:
occurs in approximately 10% of infants and young children, measuring serum
5016:"Global networks for surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis, 2001–2008"
3167:. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 July 2015.
2107:
7906:
7553:
7295:
7151:
6248:
6226:
5938:
4685:
3704:
3689:"Performance of rotavirus vaccines in developed and developing countries"
3644:
3392:
3282:
Grimwood K, Forbes, DA (December 2009). "Acute and persistent diarrhea".
2290:
Communicable disease epidemiology and control : a global perspective
1663:"Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice Acute Gastroenteritis — An Update"
1088:. This is preferably achieved by drinking rehydration solution, although
950:
918:
884:
should also be checked when there is a concern about severe dehydration.
830:
826:
810:
754:
717:
624:
574:
423:
403:
395:
391:
284:
253:
249:
124:
90:
86:
4717:
Grimwood K, Forbes DA (December 2009). "Acute and persistent diarrhea".
2526:
1084:
The primary treatment of gastroenteritis in both children and adults is
7659:
6300:
6066:
5970:
5942:
1931:
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (8 October 2016).
1737:
1539:
1489:
1257:
1219:
1000:
873:
774:
634:
607:
532:
496:
407:
280:
241:
120:
94:
5488:
5106:"[Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in France and Europe]"
7268:
6766:
6384:
6270:
5500:
1517:
Gastroenteritis is associated with many colloquial names, including "
1249:
1138:
778:
770:
524:
292:
132:
3026:
Charles RC, Ryan, ET (October 2011). "Cholera in the 21st century".
2895:
2200:
Webb A, Starr, M (April 2005). "Acute gastroenteritis in children".
2051:
4183:
Gregorio GV, Gonzales ML, Dans LF, Martinez EG (13 December 2016).
2649:
7919:
7678:
7310:
6216:
5946:
3360:(179). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
1341:
1271:
975:
801:
associated with the consumption of certain types of spoiled fish,
790:
588:
399:
379:
316:
For young children in impoverished countries, prevention includes
261:
98:
5344:(4th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 399.
5065:"Reducing deaths from diarrhoea through oral rehydration therapy"
3528:
2988:
Nyachuba DG (May 2010). "Foodborne illness: is it on the rise?".
2095:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1202:. Bacteria and protozoans that are amenable to treatment include
1142:
990:
536:
353:
6924:
5624:
2091:"The dynamics of norovirus outbreak epidemics: recent insights"
7145:
5439:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
4989:
Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease
2417:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
1276:
Deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases per million persons in 2012
1156:
medications may be helpful for treating vomiting in children.
4772:
4476:
DeCamp LR, Byerley JS, Doshi N, Steiner MJ (September 2008).
3840:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (October 2009).
3687:
Jiang V, Jiang B, Tate J, Parashar UD, Patel MM (July 2010).
3511:
Warrell D.A., Cox T.M., Firth J.D., Benz E.J., eds. (2003).
2413:
Dolin R, Mandell GL, Bennett JE, eds. (2010). "Chapter 93".
2293:(3rd ed.). Wallingford, Oxfordshire: Cabi. p. 79.
1989:(Second ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 334.
1351:
1231:
treatment is recommended and superior to metronidazole. The
995:
A supply of easily accessible uncontaminated water and good
5230:
The Cholera Years the United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866
1260:
and salicylate, can be used in mild to moderate cases, but
1118:
episodes of diarrhea with the exception that foods high in
5260:
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
1566:. A large number of toxic plants may also cause symptoms.
5375:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. p. 649.
4758:
Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases
4670:"Antibiotics for the treatment of dysentery in children"
4139:"BestBets: Fluid Treatment of Gastroenteritis in Adults"
5293:
Rousseaux Wanda Haschek, Matthew Wallig, Colin (2009).
4282:
King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, Duggan C (November 2003).
3352:
Skiner HG, Blanchard J, Elixhauser A (September 2014).
2229:"Therapy of acute gastroenteritis: role of antibiotics"
740:, infections are more common in the winter. Worldwide,
299:
is the most common cause of severe disease. In adults,
5176:
4891:
Gonzales ML, Dans LF, Sio-Aguilar J (9 January 2019).
1029:
has been found to be 50–60% effective over two years.
4369:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
3797:
US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2008).
3430:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
3159:
3157:
3155:
2689:. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 830–839.
1813:
Textbook of therapeutics: drug and disease management
1717:
Ciccarelli S, Stolfi I, Caramia G (29 October 2013).
5478:
5233:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 74.
5148:
Essential infectious disease topics for primary care
4668:
Traa BS, Walker CL, Munos M, Black RE (April 2010).
4319:"Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea"
2323:"Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea"
2017:
The microbial challenge: a public health perspective
1569:
Some agents are more specific to a certain species.
272:, in the U.S. and U.K., it is sometimes called the "
7896:
7872:
7780:
7703:
7658:
7647:
7476:
7438:
7417:
7385:
7340:
7294:
7173:
7162:
7135:
6962:
6879:
6765:
6758:
6699:
6613:
6570:
6416:
6407:
6360:
6314:
6269:
6155:
6042:
5932:
5919:
5794:
5668:
5659:
5583:
5482:
5063:Victora CG, Bryce J, Fontaine O, Monasch R (2000).
4519:"Ondansetron for acute gastroenteritis in children"
4038:Fedorowicz Z, Jagannath VA, Carter B (2011-09-07).
797:due to consumption of contaminated predatory fish,
215:
207:
193:
171:
151:
138:
116:
104:
80:
64:
42:
37:
4986:
3354:"Trends in Emergency Department Visits, 2006–2011"
1847:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 293.
1349:for diarrhea per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004
4033:
4031:
1190:due to higher rates of resistance to the latter.
892:A determination of whether or not the person has
482:low red blood cell count (due to their breakdown)
448:occurs in 1% of people following infections with
4893:"Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis"
4482:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
2820:. In Feather A, Randall D, Waterhouse M (eds.).
2142:Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
749:of certain diseases. While some agents (such as
5299:(2nd ed.). London: Academic. p. 182.
4556:
4554:
2949:Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery
2563:Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
2465:Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery
1778:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 479.
27:Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
5435:Dolin R, Mandell GL, Bennett JE, eds. (2010).
4985:Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH (2002).
3572:
3570:
3568:
535:habits. Children living in areas without easy
6936:
5636:
2824:(10th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 529–530.
2511:"Campylobacter and bacterial gastroenteritis"
745:exhibiting symptoms. Thus, adults can become
669:species. The risk is greater in those taking
348:may be needed. Fluids may also be given by a
295:can also cause gastroenteritis. In children,
8:
5742:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
5323:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5110:Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine
3750:"Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination"
3428:(9 June 2004). "Is this child dehydrated?".
3021:
3019:
2845:Desselberger U, Huppertz HI (January 2011).
1872:
1870:
1868:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
813:typically due to improperly preserved food.
356:supplementation is recommended in children.
5014:World Health Organization (November 2008).
4897:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4795:"Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery"
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
3577:World Health Organization (December 2009).
3319:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2556:
2554:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2316:
2314:
2227:Zollner-Schwetz I, Krause R (August 2015).
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1775:Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1129:A Cochrane Review from 2020 concludes that
442:and long-term cognitive delays can result.
7655:
7435:
7200:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
7170:
6943:
6929:
6921:
6762:
6413:
5929:
5781:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
5665:
5643:
5629:
5621:
5479:
4950:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
4750:
4748:
3192:
3190:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
761:) may occur in a wide variety of animals.
200:(combination of water, salts, and sugar),
51:
34:
7071:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
5121:
5080:
5069:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
4924:
4867:
4818:
4693:
4586:
4534:
4493:
4452:
4442:
4342:
4208:
4071:
3975:"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)"
3949:
3892:
3765:
3712:
3643:
3547:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
3517:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
3506:
3504:
3502:
3400:
2919:
2870:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2742:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2646:National Institute of Clinical Excellence
2534:
2346:
2244:
2116:
2106:
1978:
1976:
1956:
1902:
1768:
1766:
1746:
1736:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1571:Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus
957:vomiting or diarrhea (rather than both).
5151:. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 66.
5104:Flahault A, Hanslik, T (November 2010).
4755:Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (2004).
4431:Journal of Family and Community Medicine
3881:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
3754:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
3199:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
5338:MacLachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ, eds. (2009).
4848:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4799:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4761:(6th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
4567:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4189:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4044:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3930:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3069:Moudgal V, Sobel, JD (February 2012). "
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2089:Marshall JA, Bruggink LD (April 2011).
1594:
1092:delivery may be required if there is a
5420:from the original on 28 November 2015.
5316:
3926:"Oral vaccines for preventing cholera"
3028:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
460:(HUS) may occur due to infection with
390:Gastroenteritis usually involves both
6009:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
5296:Fundamentals of toxicologic pathology
5190:from the original on January 11, 2008
4674:International Journal of Epidemiology
3846:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
3803:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
3668:from the original on 17 February 2013
2816:Barlow G, Irving WL, Moss PJ (2020).
1667:Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice
279:Gastroenteritis is usually caused by
7:
5474:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5209:Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms
5145:Skolnik NS, Albert RH, eds. (2008).
4953:(16th ed.). McGraw-Hill. 2005.
2515:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1525:costs of US$ 1 billion a year.
1256:, an insoluble complex of trivalent
7221:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
5463:– NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 84.
3171:from the original on 3 January 2016
2822:Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine
2775:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
2719:"Acute gastroenteritis in children"
2233:Clinical Microbiology and Infection
1137:. Fermented milk products (such as
876:in this population is recommended.
777:(in those who are intolerant), and
7968:Noninfective enteritis and colitis
7963:Conditions diagnosed by stool test
5369:Fox JG, et al., eds. (2002).
4719:Pediatric Clinics of North America
3284:Pediatric Clinics of North America
2851:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
25:
7540:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
7066:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
6894:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
6741:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
5116:(8): 1415–24, discussion 1424–5.
4625:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.11.011
4288:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
3249:Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
2945:"Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults"
310:
7526:Middle East respiratory syndrome
6639:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
5389:from the original on 2015-11-28.
5358:from the original on 2015-11-25.
5313:from the original on 2016-05-07.
5247:from the original on 2015-11-09.
5165:from the original on 2015-11-28.
5044:from the original on 9 July 2012
4657:from the original on 2012-06-06.
4414:from the original on 2009-02-12.
4306:from the original on 2014-10-28.
4145:from the original on 2009-02-12.
4109:10.2165/00003495-200767090-00007
3864:from the original on 2009-10-31.
3821:from the original on 8 June 2012
3607:from the original on 9 July 2012
3364:from the original on 2014-12-24.
3211:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01275.x
3165:"Persistent Travelers' Diarrhea"
3002:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00286.x
2307:from the original on 2015-10-26.
2034:from the original on 2017-09-08.
2003:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1861:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1830:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1792:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1094:decreased level of consciousness
144:Based on symptoms, occasionally
5880:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
5875:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
5752:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3579:"Rotavirus vaccines: an update"
3549:. February 2011. Archived from
3514:The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
3118:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
2509:Galanis E (11 September 2007).
7125:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
7111:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
6634:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
6484:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
6306:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
4909:10.1002/14651858.CD006085.pub3
4860:10.1002/14651858.CD004530.pub4
4811:10.1002/14651858.CD006784.pub4
4579:10.1002/14651858.CD005506.pub5
4335:10.1002/14651858.CD003048.pub4
4201:10.1002/14651858.CD006519.pub3
4056:10.1002/14651858.CD005506.pub5
3942:10.1002/14651858.CD008603.pub2
2900:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
2685:Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010).
2056:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
1135:antibiotic associated diarrhea
825:Gastroenteritis is defined as
507:(in adults)) and the bacteria
1:
6691:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
5227:Charles E. Rosenberg (2009).
5123:10.1016/S0001-4079(19)32172-7
5023:Weekly Epidemiological Record
4402:Mackway-Jones K (June 2007).
3586:Weekly Epidemiological Record
2912:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4
2717:Elliott EJ (6 January 2007).
2339:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6
2068:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70253-5
1949:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1895:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1844:In a Page: Emergency medicine
1841:Caterino JM, Kahan S (2003).
1724:Infection and Drug Resistance
1347:Disability-adjusted life year
7330:Tropical spastic paraparesis
7235:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
6600:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
6119:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
5727:Esophageal motility disorder
5341:Fenner's veterinary virology
4613:Annals of Emergency Medicine
4517:Mehta S, Goldman RD (2006).
4246:10.1097/pec.0000000000000708
3894:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefdc0
3767:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f
3381:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3040:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32834a88af
2787:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328333d799
2648:. April 2009. Archived from
2575:10.3109/14767058.2011.601920
1141:) are similarly beneficial.
422:is a common complication of
7693:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
7613:Human parainfluenza viruses
7286:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
4004:World Health Organization.
3973:World Health Organization.
3477:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.029
2735:10.1136/bmj.39036.406169.80
2202:Australian Family Physician
1986:Clinical infectious disease
1264:is theoretically possible.
833:due to inflammation of the
693:can cause gastroenteritis.
539:are especially vulnerable.
7994:
7709:
7704:
6585:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
6109:Functional colonic disease
5905:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
5372:Laboratory animal medicine
5272:10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.12.005
4993:(7th ed.). Saunders.
4495:10.1001/archpedi.162.9.858
4323:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
3325:(2): 357–73, abstract ix.
3261:10.2174/187152610793180821
2961:10.2174/157489111794407877
2943:Baumgart AJ (2010-12-31).
2477:10.2174/157489111794407877
991:WASH § Health aspects
988:
985:Water, sanitation, hygiene
923:inflammatory bowel disease
158:Inflammatory bowel disease
7357:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
5786:Acute esophageal necrosis
5182:Oxford English Dictionary
4731:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.004
4523:Canadian Family Physician
4425:Telmesani AM (May 2010).
4158:American Family Physician
3465:The Journal of Pediatrics
3331:10.1016/j.emc.2007.02.014
3296:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.004
3205:(9): 2047–56, quiz 2057.
3130:10.1007/s10620-009-0886-1
2246:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.002
2154:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.191
1233:World Health Organization
773:), certain foods such as
722:men who have sex with men
486:benign infantile seizures
458:Hemolytic uremic syndrome
342:oral rehydration solution
332:, and proper disposal of
198:Oral rehydration solution
59:
50:
7459:Infectious mononucleosis
7276:Chandipura vesiculovirus
7106:Hepatocellular carcinoma
7051:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
6984:Hepatocellular carcinoma
5885:Gastric dumping syndrome
5760:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
5747:Diffuse esophageal spasm
4234:Pediatric Emergency Care
3442:10.1001/jama.291.22.2746
3424:Steiner MJ, DeWalt, DA,
2818:"20. Infectious disease"
1503:oral rehydration therapy
1493:development of acquired
1192:Pseudomembranous colitis
1054:oral rehydration therapy
935:Pancreatic insufficiency
927:urinary tract infections
845:) to as many as 10 (for
805:from the consumption of
537:access to water and soap
328:babies instead of using
7255:Encephalitis lethargica
6956:viral systemic diseases
6501:Alcoholic liver disease
6034:Bile acid malabsorption
5978:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
4444:10.4103/1319-1683.71988
3543:"Viral Gastroenteritis"
1560:Clostridium perfringens
1217:species. In those with
1122:should be avoided. The
962:Infections of the lungs
738:areas with four seasons
454:Guillain–Barré syndrome
248:. Symptoms may include
7627:Human orthopneumovirus
7281:Herpesviral meningitis
7242:Arbovirus encephalitis
6511:Hepatic encephalopathy
5895:Buried bumper syndrome
5826:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
5710:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
5653:human digestive system
4381:10.1001/jama.2012.3507
3358:HCUP Statistical Brief
3087:10.3810/hp.2012.02.954
1983:Schlossberg D (2015).
1480:
1339:
1186:) is preferred over a
1072:is useful in treating
1068:, may be helpful, and
981:
909:Differential diagnosis
803:tetrodotoxin poisoning
671:proton pump inhibitors
597:
387:
264:, lack of energy, and
238:gastrointestinal tract
162:malabsorption syndrome
153:Differential diagnosis
7085:Merkel-cell carcinoma
6736:Pancreatic pseudocyst
6605:Porcelain gallbladder
5717:Zenker's diverticulum
3071:Clostridium difficile
2863:10.1093/infdis/jiq031
2108:10.3390/ijerph8041141
1661:Singh A (July 2010).
1556:Clostridium difficile
1345:
1275:
1254:Bismuth subsalicylate
1225:Entamoeba histolytica
989:Further information:
979:
966:diabetic ketoacidosis
702:Entamoeba histolytica
659:Clostridium difficile
650:Staphylococcus aureus
643:Clostridium difficile
592:
383:
182:, proper disposal of
18:Viral gastroenteritis
7730:Adenovirus infection
7194:Human polyomavirus 2
7023:Oropharyngeal cancer
6540:Hepatorenal syndrome
6479:Budd–Chiari syndrome
6436:Autoimmune hepatitis
6261:Intestinal adhesions
6019:Short bowel syndrome
5848:Functional dyspepsia
5766:Esophageal stricture
5732:Nutcracker esophagus
3705:10.4161/hv.6.7.11278
3645:10.4161/hv.7.7.15511
3073:colitis: a review".
1943:(10053): 1459–1544.
1889:(10053): 1545–1602.
1036:and enterotoxigenic
1027:oral cholera vaccine
939:short bowel syndrome
699:is most common, but
603:Campylobacter jejuni
478:poor kidney function
472:species. HUS causes
320:with soap, drinking
7953:Infectious diseases
7948:Foodborne illnesses
7316:Post-polio syndrome
6952:Infectious diseases
6679:Choledocholithiasis
6550:Metabolic disorders
6516:Acute liver failure
6489:Portal hypertension
6441:Alcoholic hepatitis
6284:Radiation proctitis
6203:Mesenteric ischemia
6175:Gastroenterocolitis
6004:Blind loop syndrome
5814:Ménétrier's disease
5722:Barrett's esophagus
4016:on 15 December 2008
4010:Diarrhoeal Diseases
3979:Diarrhoeal Diseases
3887:(1 Suppl): S56–60.
3729:on 17 February 2013
2527:10.1503/cmaj.070660
1519:Montezuma's revenge
1513:Society and culture
1262:salicylate toxicity
1239:Antimotility agents
795:ciguatera poisoning
655:traveler's diarrhea
600:In some countries,
594:Salmonella enterica
474:low platelet counts
385:Bristol stool chart
230:infectious diarrhea
166:lactose intolerance
7449:Epstein–Barr virus
7419:Respiratory system
7056:Burkitt's lymphoma
6854:Undefined location
6845:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
6746:Pancreatic fistula
6729:Pancreatic abscess
6684:Biliary dyskinesia
6655:Mirizzi's syndrome
6156:Large and/or small
5836:Dieulafoy's lesion
5705:Boerhaave syndrome
5584:External resources
5214:2007-07-09 at the
4686:10.1093/ije/dyq024
4680:(Suppl 1): i70–4.
3393:10.1093/cid/cix669
2569:(Suppl 2): 48–51.
1810:A Helms R (2006).
1738:10.2147/IDR.S12718
1481:
1340:
1003:measures (such as
982:
809:among others, and
757:, others (such as
747:natural reservoirs
598:
503:(in children) and
446:Reactive arthritis
388:
376:Signs and symptoms
346:intravenous fluids
311:spread the disease
219:1.3 million (2015)
211:2.4 billion (2015)
202:intravenous fluids
71:Infectious disease
7930:
7929:
7892:
7891:
7643:
7642:
7574:Influenza virus A
7491:Human coronavirus
7381:
7380:
7371:Herpes of the eye
6918:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6754:
6753:
6356:
6355:
6213:Bowel obstruction
5915:
5914:
5618:
5617:
5468:"Gastroenteritis"
5446:978-0-443-06839-3
5413:978-0-8138-2267-9
5403:Diseases of Swine
5382:978-0-12-263951-7
5351:978-0-12-375158-4
5306:978-0-12-370469-6
5240:978-0-226-72676-2
5177:"Gastroenteritis"
5158:978-1-58829-520-0
5000:978-0-7216-8973-9
4960:978-0-07-140235-4
4768:978-0-443-06643-6
3760:(1 Suppl): S1–5.
3524:978-0-19-262922-7
3471:(4): 908–916.e6.
3075:Hospital Practice
2990:Nutrition Reviews
2831:978-0-7020-7870-5
2696:978-0-07-148480-0
2424:978-0-443-06839-3
2333:(9875): 1405–16.
2300:978-1-84593-504-7
2287:Webber R (2009).
2027:978-1-4496-7333-8
1996:978-1-107-03891-2
1854:978-1-4051-0357-2
1823:978-0-7817-5734-8
1785:978-0-323-08430-7
1478:
1477:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1022:rotavirus vaccine
943:Whipple's disease
931:diabetes mellitus
338:rotavirus vaccine
223:
222:
140:Diagnostic method
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
7985:
7656:
7651:digestive system
7568:Orthomyxoviridae
7534:SARS coronavirus
7520:MERS coronavirus
7436:
7248:Orthomyxoviridae
7171:
7137:Immune disorders
7061:Hodgkin lymphoma
7037:Kaposi's sarcoma
6945:
6938:
6931:
6922:
6906:Pneumoperitoneum
6763:
6673:Common bile duct
6555:Wilson's disease
6545:Peliosis hepatis
6414:
6291:Proctalgia fugax
6198:Abdominal angina
6123:Ogilvie syndrome
6072:Pseudomembranous
5930:
5890:Gastric volvulus
5855:Pyloric stenosis
5666:
5651:Diseases of the
5645:
5638:
5631:
5622:
5480:
5475:
5450:
5422:
5421:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5322:
5314:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5224:
5218:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5125:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5043:
5020:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4992:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4963:. Archived from
4945:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4854:(10): CD004530.
4839:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4771:. Archived from
4752:
4743:
4742:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4697:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4590:
4558:
4549:
4548:
4538:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4497:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4456:
4446:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4346:
4329:(12): CD003048.
4314:
4308:
4307:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4195:(12): CD006519.
4180:
4174:
4173:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4012:. Archived from
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3981:. Archived from
3970:
3964:
3963:
3953:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3896:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3769:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. Archived from
3716:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3647:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3583:
3574:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3553:on 24 April 2012
3539:
3533:
3532:
3527:. Archived from
3508:
3497:
3496:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3150:
3149:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3023:
3014:
3013:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2714:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2615:on 27 April 2012
2611:. Archived from
2601:
2595:
2594:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2506:
2489:
2488:
2460:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2284:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2197:
2174:
2173:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2014:Shors T (2013).
2011:
2005:
2004:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1928:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1807:
1794:
1793:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1714:
1675:
1674:
1658:
1485:developing world
1470:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1210:Salmonella typhi
1107:nasogastric tube
1070:butylscopolamine
1038:Escherichia coli
899:capillary refill
753:) only occur in
724:, and following
613:Escherichia coli
568:developing world
510:Escherichia coli
466:Escherichia coli
456:occurs in 0.1%.
428:capillary refill
365:developing world
350:nasogastric tube
228:, also known as
75:gastroenterology
55:
35:
21:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7933:
7932:
7931:
7926:
7888:
7868:
7776:
7750:Gastroenteritis
7708:
7705:Gastroenteritis
7699:
7687:Cytomegalovirus
7650:
7639:
7607:Paramyxoviridae
7596:Avian influenza
7472:
7467:Cytomegalovirus
7431:viral pneumonia
7429:
7426:nasopharyngitis
7425:
7422:
7413:
7377:
7351:Cytomegalovirus
7336:
7290:
7178:
7165:
7158:
7131:
6998:Cervical cancer
6958:
6949:
6919:
6910:
6875:
6864:Internal hernia
6750:
6695:
6660:Biliary fistula
6618:
6609:
6595:Adenomyomatosis
6590:Cholesterolosis
6566:
6560:Hemochromatosis
6431:Viral hepatitis
6403:
6352:
6310:
6296:Rectal prolapse
6265:
6232:Fecal impaction
6222:Intussusception
6185:Crohn's disease
6151:
6134:Toxic megacolon
6046:
6044:Large intestine
6038:
5983:Curling's ulcer
5936:
5934:Small intestine
5923:
5911:
5819:Gastroenteritis
5790:
5655:
5649:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5579:
5578:
5491:
5466:
5457:
5447:
5434:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5414:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5383:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5352:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5315:
5307:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5241:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5216:Wayback Machine
5207:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5159:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5075:(10): 1246–55.
5062:
5061:
5057:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5029:(47): 421–428.
5018:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4970:
4968:
4961:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4903:(1): CD006085.
4890:
4889:
4885:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4805:(8): CD006784.
4792:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4769:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4573:(9): CD005506.
4560:
4559:
4552:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4375:(18): 1959–69.
4365:
4364:
4360:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4294:(RR-16): 1–16.
4281:
4280:
4269:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3936:(3): CD008603.
3923:
3922:
3918:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3809:(25): 697–700.
3796:
3795:
3791:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3592:(50): 533–540.
3581:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3525:
3510:
3509:
3500:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3436:(22): 2746–54.
3423:
3422:
3418:
3387:(12): e45–e80.
3374:
3373:
3369:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3246:
3245:
3234:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3153:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3025:
3024:
3017:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2772:
2771:
2760:
2729:(7583): 35–40.
2716:
2715:
2704:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2508:
2507:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2432:
2425:
2412:
2411:
2364:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2301:
2286:
2285:
2262:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2199:
2198:
2177:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1855:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1716:
1715:
1678:
1660:
1659:
1596:
1591:
1579:
1548:
1531:
1515:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1356:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1241:
1188:fluoroquinolone
1175:
1151:
1115:
1082:
1046:
1018:
993:
987:
974:
947:coeliac disease
911:
890:
882:kidney function
855:
847:Vibrio cholerae
843:Cryptosporidium
823:
821:Pathophysiology
787:Crohn's disease
781:(in those with
767:
734:
708:Cryptosporidium
696:Giardia lamblia
687:
678:
587:
545:
494:
412:stool is bloody
378:
368:development of
283:; however, gut
226:Gastroenteritis
38:Gastroenteritis
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7991:
7989:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7958:Abdominal pain
7955:
7950:
7945:
7935:
7934:
7928:
7927:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7922:
7910:
7902:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7878:
7876:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7854:
7842:
7830:
7818:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7792:
7786:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7668:
7666:
7653:
7645:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7482:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7463:
7462:
7461:
7444:
7442:
7433:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7391:
7389:
7387:Cardiovascular
7383:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7346:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7300:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7244:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7190:
7184:
7182:
7168:
7166:nervous system
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7141:
7139:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7018:Vaginal cancer
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6925:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6901:Hemoperitoneum
6898:
6897:
6896:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6771:
6769:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6705:
6703:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6625:
6623:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6576:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6422:
6420:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6372:
6370:Blood in stool
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6343:Anal dysplasia
6340:
6335:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6275:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6210:
6208:Angiodysplasia
6205:
6200:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6143:Diverticulosis
6139:Diverticulitis
6136:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6116:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6029:Milroy disease
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5999:Tropical sprue
5996:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5952:
5950:
5927:
5921:Lower GI tract
5917:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5674:
5672:
5663:
5661:Upper GI tract
5657:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5625:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5600:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5565:
5554:
5528:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:Classification
5477:
5476:
5464:
5456:
5455:External links
5453:
5452:
5451:
5445:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5412:
5392:
5381:
5361:
5350:
5330:
5305:
5285:
5266:(2): 287–309.
5250:
5239:
5219:
5201:
5168:
5157:
5137:
5096:
5055:
5006:
4999:
4977:
4959:
4940:
4883:
4834:
4785:
4767:
4744:
4725:(6): 1343–61.
4709:
4660:
4638:
4602:
4550:
4529:(11): 1397–8.
4509:
4468:
4417:
4394:
4358:
4309:
4267:
4224:
4175:
4148:
4130:
4103:(9): 1343–57.
4087:
4027:
3996:
3985:on 15 May 2012
3965:
3916:
3867:
3852:(41): 1146–9.
3832:
3789:
3740:
3699:(7): 532–542.
3693:Human Vaccines
3679:
3638:(7): 734–748.
3632:Human Vaccines
3618:
3564:
3534:
3531:on 2012-03-21.
3523:
3498:
3455:
3416:
3367:
3344:
3309:
3290:(6): 1343–61.
3274:
3232:
3186:
3151:
3108:
3061:
3015:
2980:
2935:
2886:
2837:
2830:
2808:
2758:
2702:
2695:
2662:
2626:
2596:
2550:
2490:
2430:
2423:
2362:
2310:
2299:
2260:
2219:
2175:
2148:(12): 669–85.
2132:
2081:
2037:
2026:
2006:
1995:
1972:
1918:
1864:
1853:
1833:
1822:
1795:
1784:
1762:
1676:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1547:
1544:
1530:
1527:
1514:
1511:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1336: 607–1799
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1240:
1237:
1174:
1171:
1167:Dimenhydrinate
1162:Metoclopramide
1150:
1147:
1114:
1111:
1081:
1078:
1074:abdominal pain
1062:metoclopramide
1045:
1042:
1017:
1014:
986:
983:
973:
970:
910:
907:
889:
886:
866:food poisoning
862:stool cultures
854:
851:
822:
819:
783:celiac disease
766:
765:Non-infectious
763:
742:bottle-feeding
733:
730:
686:
683:
676:
586:
583:
544:
541:
499:(particularly
493:
490:
440:Stunted growth
377:
374:
258:abdominal pain
240:including the
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
195:
191:
190:
173:
169:
168:
155:
149:
148:
142:
136:
135:
118:
114:
113:
108:
102:
101:
84:
78:
77:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7990:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7864:
7860:
7859:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7823:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7797:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7751:
7747:
7746:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7706:
7702:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7646:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7619:Parainfluenza
7617:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7570:
7569:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7455:EBV infection
7453:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7427:
7420:
7416:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7311:Poliomyelitis
7309:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7161:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7134:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:Vulvar cancer
7011:
7009:
7008:Penile cancer
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6946:
6941:
6939:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6775:Diaphragmatic
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6757:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6580:Cholecystitis
6578:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6523:Liver abscess
6521:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6506:Liver failure
6504:
6502:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6163:Enterocolitis
6161:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5990:Malabsorption
5988:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:Gastroparesis
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5831:Cushing ulcer
5829:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Megaesophagus
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5646:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5365:
5362:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5205:
5202:
5189:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5138:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5056:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4981:
4978:
4967:on 2012-08-04
4966:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4786:
4775:on 2013-10-18
4774:
4770:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4647:"Ondansetron"
4642:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4619:(5): 415–22.
4618:
4614:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4488:(9): 858–65.
4487:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4006:"Shigellosis"
4000:
3997:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3833:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3255:(5): 329–48.
3254:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3124:(5): 1200–7.
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:(1): 139–48.
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:(5): 257–69.
2995:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:(8): 725–30.
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2857:(2): 188–95.
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2652:on 2009-08-02
2651:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2208:(4): 227–31.
2207:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2101:(4): 1141–9.
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:(2): 136–41.
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1583:Enterocolitis
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:Campylobacter
1546:Other animals
1545:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:typhoid fever
1528:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1419:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1330: 451–606
1324: 222–450
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:metronidazole
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:simple sugars
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:anti vomiting
1055:
1051:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:Breastfeeding
1006:
1002:
998:
992:
984:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
908:
906:
904:
900:
895:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
697:
692:
684:
682:
680:
672:
668:
667:Campylobacter
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:
645:
644:
638:
636:
631:
630:Campylobacter
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
605:
604:
595:
591:
584:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
516:Campylobacter
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Campylobacter
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
386:
382:
375:
373:
371:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:breastfeeding
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
307:
306:Campylobacter
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
188:breastfeeding
185:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
146:stool culture
143:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
106:Complications
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
7912:
7905:
7881:
7874:Pancreatitis
7856:
7844:
7832:
7820:
7813:
7794:
7769:
7762:
7755:
7743:
7722:
7685:
7671:
7632:
7625:
7611:
7605:
7572:
7566:
7546:
7532:
7518:
7489:
7465:
7447:
7402:Pericarditis
7394:
7363:
7349:
7322:
7303:
7261:
7246:
7227:
7213:
7192:
7175:Encephalitis
7144:
7117:
7098:
7077:
7043:
7029:
6990:
6976:
6853:
6832:
6709:Pancreatitis
6671:
6621:biliary tree
6494:Nutmeg liver
6471:
6397:Hematochezia
6348:Pruritus ani
6333:Anal abscess
6328:Anal fistula
6324:Anal fissure
6237:Constipation
6191:
6062:Appendicitis
5870:Gastroptosis
5860:Achlorhydria
5818:
5699:
5688:Eosinophilic
5602:
5591:
5567:
5556:
5530:
5495:
5471:
5436:
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5364:
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5192:. Retrieved
5180:
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5026:
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5009:
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4980:
4969:. Retrieved
4965:the original
4949:
4943:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4777:. Retrieved
4773:the original
4757:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4653:. May 2011.
4650:
4641:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4570:
4566:
4526:
4522:
4512:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4437:(2): 79–82.
4434:
4430:
4420:
4407:
4397:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4291:
4287:
4240:(2): 131–5.
4237:
4233:
4227:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4164:(7): 692–6.
4161:
4157:
4151:
4133:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4047:
4043:
4018:. Retrieved
4014:the original
4009:
3999:
3987:. Retrieved
3983:the original
3978:
3968:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3806:
3802:
3792:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3696:
3692:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3635:
3631:
3621:
3609:. Retrieved
3589:
3585:
3555:. Retrieved
3551:the original
3546:
3537:
3529:the original
3513:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3357:
3347:
3322:
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3283:
3277:
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3248:
3202:
3198:
3180:
3173:. Retrieved
3121:
3117:
3111:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3034:(5): 472–7.
3031:
3027:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2972:. Retrieved
2955:(1): 54–63.
2952:
2948:
2938:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2821:
2811:
2781:(1): 36–44.
2778:
2774:
2726:
2722:
2686:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2645:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:the original
2608:
2599:
2566:
2562:
2521:(6): 570–1.
2518:
2514:
2471:(1): 54–63.
2468:
2464:
2414:
2330:
2326:
2289:
2239:(8): 744–9.
2236:
2232:
2222:
2205:
2201:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2059:
2055:
2016:
2009:
1985:
1940:
1936:
1886:
1882:
1843:
1836:
1812:
1774:
1728:
1722:
1670:
1666:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1532:
1523:
1516:
1499:
1482:
1318: 81–221
1268:Epidemiology
1242:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1184:azithromycin
1176:
1152:
1128:
1116:
1102:
1083:
1047:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1019:
1005:hand washing
994:
959:
954:
915:appendicitis
912:
891:
878:Electrolytes
870:hypoglycemia
859:
856:
846:
842:
824:
815:
768:
758:
750:
735:
732:Transmission
712:
706:
700:
694:
689:A number of
688:
666:
662:
658:
648:
641:
639:
629:
623:
617:
611:
601:
599:
593:
579:cruise ships
572:
560:astroviruses
556:adenoviruses
546:
514:
508:
495:
469:
465:
449:
444:
436:malnutrition
430:" and "poor
416:
389:
362:
318:hand washing
315:
304:
278:
273:
234:inflammation
229:
225:
224:
176:Hand washing
29:
7771:Coronavirus
7512:Common cold
7424:acute viral
7407:Myocarditis
7251:(probable)
7003:Anal cancer
6889:Peritonitis
6651:Cholestasis
6629:Cholangitis
6572:Gallbladder
6460:Fatty liver
6380:Hematemesis
6362:GI bleeding
6168:Necrotizing
6097:Lymphocytic
6092:Collagenous
6087:Microscopic
6024:Steatorrhea
5925:Enteropathy
5771:Inlet patch
5693:Herpetiform
5678:Esophagitis
5593:MedlinePlus
5472:MedlinePlus
5194:January 15,
1529:Terminology
1507:common cold
1312: 47–80
1306: 31–46
1300: 19–30
1294: 11–18
1223:species or
1173:Antibiotics
1158:Ondansetron
1149:Antiemetics
1099:soft drinks
1090:intravenous
1086:rehydration
1080:Rehydration
1066:ondansetron
1060:medication
1050:dehydration
1016:Vaccination
903:skin turgor
894:dehydration
888:Dehydration
839:large bowel
807:puffer fish
679:antagonists
552:noroviruses
548:Rotaviruses
464:-producing
462:Shiga toxin
432:skin turgor
420:Dehydration
408:muscle pain
402:, fatigue,
358:Antibiotics
334:human waste
322:clean water
274:stomach flu
266:dehydration
184:human waste
180:clean water
178:, drinking
111:Dehydration
43:Other names
7978:Sanitation
7943:Pediatrics
7937:Categories
7898:Urogenital
7764:Astrovirus
7724:Adenovirus
7548:SARS-CoV-2
7305:Poliovirus
7180:meningitis
6881:Peritoneal
6859:Incisional
6780:Congenital
6724:Hereditary
6701:Pancreatic
6665:Haemobilia
6338:Hemorrhoid
6316:Anal canal
6254:Infectious
6242:Functional
6077:Ulcerative
5961:Duodenitis
5900:Gastrinoma
5569:DiseasesDB
4971:2006-04-22
4779:2006-04-22
4050:(9): 270.
3426:Byerley JS
2974:2020-12-22
2656:2009-06-11
1731:: 133–61.
1589:References
1564:Salmonella
1288: 3–10
1246:Loperamide
1229:tinidazole
1200:vancomycin
1154:Antiemetic
1131:probiotics
1044:Management
997:sanitation
972:Prevention
673:than with
663:Salmonella
640:Toxigenic
619:Salmonella
172:Prevention
7809:RNA virus
7790:DNA virus
7782:Hepatitis
7757:Norovirus
7745:Rotavirus
7739:RNA virus
7718:DNA virus
7664:Esophagus
7592:Influenza
7478:RNA virus
7440:DNA virus
7209:RNA virus
7188:DNA virus
7094:RNA virus
6972:DNA virus
6964:Oncovirus
6869:Richter's
6826:Spigelian
6821:Obturator
6811:Umbilical
6644:Ascending
6615:Bile duct
6448:Cirrhosis
6426:Hepatitis
6409:Accessory
6279:Proctitis
6130:Megacolon
6104:Dysentery
6014:Whipple's
5966:Jejunitis
5956:Enteritis
5843:Dyspepsia
5804:Gastritis
5737:Achalasia
5670:Esophagus
5609:emerg/213
5604:eMedicine
5319:cite book
4917:1469-493X
4651:Lexi-Comp
4064:1469-493X
3175:9 January
2605:"Toolkit"
1462:5000–6000
1453:4500–5000
1444:4000–4500
1435:3500–4000
1426:3000–3500
1415:2500–3000
1406:2000–2500
1397:1500–2000
1388:1000–1500
1282: 0–2
1182:(such as
1180:macrolide
1124:BRAT diet
860:However,
853:Diagnosis
799:scombroid
726:disasters
691:parasites
685:Parasitic
585:Bacterial
575:epidemics
564:developed
521:parasites
505:norovirus
501:rotavirus
452:species.
410:. If the
301:norovirus
297:rotavirus
289:parasites
270:influenza
246:intestine
208:Frequency
194:Treatment
129:parasites
95:abdominal
66:Specialty
7973:Diarrhea
7907:BK virus
7710:diarrhea
7554:COVID-19
7296:Myelitis
6799:Indirect
6794:Inguinal
6528:Pyogenic
6473:Vascular
6249:Diarrhea
6227:Volvulus
6193:Vascular
6132: /
6121: /
6082:Ischemic
6049:Appendix
5939:Duodenum
5809:Atrophic
5683:Candidal
5418:Archived
5387:Archived
5356:Archived
5311:Archived
5280:21486637
5245:Archived
5212:Archived
5188:Archived
5163:Archived
5132:22046706
5091:11100619
5039:Archived
5035:19024780
4935:30624763
4878:21975746
4829:20687081
4739:19962025
4704:20348130
4655:Archived
4633:20031265
4597:21901699
4545:17279195
4504:18762604
4463:21359029
4412:Archived
4408:BestBets
4389:22570464
4353:33295643
4304:Archived
4300:14627948
4262:20509810
4254:26835574
4219:27959472
4170:19817339
4143:Archived
4125:46971321
4117:17547475
4082:21901699
3960:21412922
3911:20940659
3903:21183842
3862:Archived
3858:19847149
3819:Archived
3815:18583958
3776:21183833
3723:20622508
3666:Archived
3662:23996836
3654:21734466
3602:Archived
3598:20034143
3557:16 April
3493:29662891
3485:25641247
3450:15187057
3411:29053792
3362:Archived
3339:17482025
3304:19962025
3269:20701575
3227:12326803
3219:17509031
3182:diarrhea
3169:Archived
3138:19609675
3103:23015631
3095:22406889
3048:21799407
3010:20500787
2969:21210762
2930:24981041
2881:21288818
2795:19887936
2753:17204802
2609:DefeatDD
2591:44379279
2583:21749188
2545:17846438
2485:21210762
2357:23582727
2305:Archived
2255:25769427
2214:15861741
2170:24103030
2162:22025030
2127:21695033
2076:22030330
2032:Archived
2001:Archived
1967:27733281
1913:27733282
1859:Archived
1828:Archived
1790:Archived
1757:24194646
1577:See also
1495:immunity
1379:500–1000
1205:Shigella
1103:increase
1034:Shigella
951:laxative
919:volvulus
831:diarrhea
827:vomiting
811:botulism
755:primates
751:Shigella
718:day care
625:Shigella
529:immunity
470:Shigella
424:diarrhea
404:headache
396:vomiting
392:diarrhea
370:immunity
285:bacteria
254:vomiting
250:diarrhea
232:, is an
125:bacteria
91:vomiting
87:Diarrhea
82:Symptoms
7660:Pharynx
7164:Central
6840:Petit's
6816:Femoral
6719:Chronic
6533:Amoebic
6301:Anismus
6067:Colitis
5994:Coeliac
5971:Ileitis
5943:Jejunum
5796:Stomach
5700:Rupture
5563:D005759
5082:2560623
4926:6326239
4869:6532575
4820:6532574
4695:2845863
4588:6768985
4536:1783696
4454:3045093
4344:8166250
4210:5450881
4073:6768985
3951:6532691
3784:1893099
3714:3322519
3402:5850553
3146:2023416
3056:6907842
2921:8006533
2872:3071058
2803:5083478
2744:1764079
2723:The BMJ
2536:1963361
2348:7159282
2118:3118882
1958:5388903
1904:5055577
1748:3815002
1540:cholera
1490:Cholera
1361:no data
1258:bismuth
1220:Giardia
1215:Giardia
1113:Dietary
1001:hygiene
901:, poor
874:glucose
775:lactose
759:Giardia
713:Giardia
635:cholera
608:poultry
533:hygiene
497:Viruses
330:formula
281:viruses
242:stomach
236:of the
121:Viruses
7324:HTLV-I
7269:Rabies
7119:HTLV-I
6834:Lumbar
6804:Direct
6787:Hiatus
6767:Hernia
6619:Other
6385:Melena
6271:Rectum
5754:(GERD)
5598:000252
5443:
5410:
5379:
5348:
5303:
5278:
5237:
5155:
5130:
5089:
5079:
5048:10 May
5033:
4997:
4957:
4933:
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4817:
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4080:
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3958:
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3733:10 May
3721:
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3672:10 May
3660:
3652:
3611:10 May
3596:
3521:
3491:
3483:
3448:
3409:
3399:
3337:
3302:
3267:
3225:
3217:
3144:
3136:
3101:
3093:
3054:
3046:
3008:
2967:
2928:
2918:
2879:
2869:
2828:
2801:
2793:
2751:
2741:
2693:
2589:
2581:
2543:
2533:
2483:
2421:
2355:
2345:
2327:Lancet
2297:
2253:
2212:
2168:
2160:
2125:
2115:
2074:
2024:
1993:
1965:
1955:
1937:Lancet
1911:
1901:
1883:Lancet
1851:
1820:
1782:
1755:
1745:
1562:, and
1474:
1469:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1250:opioid
1213:, and
1139:yogurt
949:, and
929:, and
791:toxins
779:gluten
771:NSAIDs
665:, and
628:, and
558:, and
525:fungus
480:, and
336:. The
291:, and
256:, and
216:Deaths
133:fungus
117:Causes
97:pain,
7920:Mumps
7679:Mumps
7649:Human
7079:MCPyV
6759:Other
6714:Acute
6465:MASLD
6418:Liver
6392:Lower
6375:Upper
6217:Ileus
6053:Colon
5947:Ileum
5762:(LPR)
5574:30726
5548:009.1
5544:009.0
5541:008.8
5522:J11.8
5518:J10.8
5506:A02.0
5429:Notes
5042:(PDF)
5019:(PDF)
4258:S2CID
4121:S2CID
4097:Drugs
4020:3 May
3989:3 May
3907:S2CID
3825:3 May
3780:S2CID
3658:S2CID
3605:(PDF)
3582:(PDF)
3489:S2CID
3223:S2CID
3142:S2CID
3099:S2CID
3052:S2CID
2799:S2CID
2619:3 May
2587:S2CID
2166:S2CID
1488:age.
1471:≥6000
1248:, an
835:small
543:Viral
492:Cause
400:fever
293:fungi
262:Fever
99:fever
7634:hMPV
7506:OC43
7502:HKU1
7498:NL63
7494:229E
7152:AIDS
7031:KSHV
6147:SCAD
5558:MeSH
5536:9-CM
5441:ISBN
5408:ISBN
5377:ISBN
5346:ISBN
5325:link
5301:ISBN
5276:PMID
5235:ISBN
5196:2012
5184:2011
5153:ISBN
5128:PMID
5087:PMID
5050:2012
5031:PMID
4995:ISBN
4955:ISBN
4931:PMID
4913:ISSN
4874:PMID
4852:2011
4825:PMID
4803:2010
4763:ISBN
4735:PMID
4700:PMID
4629:PMID
4593:PMID
4541:PMID
4500:PMID
4459:PMID
4385:PMID
4349:PMID
4327:2020
4296:PMID
4250:PMID
4215:PMID
4193:2016
4166:PMID
4113:PMID
4078:PMID
4060:ISSN
4022:2012
3991:2012
3956:PMID
3934:2011
3899:PMID
3854:PMID
3827:2012
3811:PMID
3772:PMID
3735:2012
3719:PMID
3674:2012
3650:PMID
3613:2012
3594:PMID
3559:2012
3519:ISBN
3481:PMID
3446:PMID
3407:PMID
3335:PMID
3300:PMID
3265:PMID
3215:PMID
3177:2016
3134:PMID
3091:PMID
3044:PMID
3006:PMID
2965:PMID
2926:PMID
2877:PMID
2826:ISBN
2791:PMID
2749:PMID
2691:ISBN
2621:2012
2579:PMID
2541:PMID
2481:PMID
2419:ISBN
2353:PMID
2295:ISBN
2251:PMID
2210:PMID
2158:PMID
2123:PMID
2072:PMID
2022:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1963:PMID
1909:PMID
1849:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1753:PMID
1673:(7).
1370:≤500
1143:Zinc
955:only
880:and
566:and
523:and
513:and
406:and
394:and
354:Zinc
303:and
244:and
7914:MuV
7883:CBV
7858:HEV
7846:HDV
7834:HCV
7822:HAV
7815:CBV
7796:HBV
7673:MuV
7604:V,
7396:CBV
7365:HSV
7342:Eye
7229:LCV
7215:MeV
7146:HIV
7100:HCV
7045:EBV
6992:HPV
6978:HBV
6453:PBC
6180:IBD
6114:IBS
5552:558
5532:ICD
5526:K52
5514:A09
5510:A08
5497:ICD
5268:doi
5118:doi
5114:194
5077:PMC
4921:PMC
4905:doi
4864:PMC
4856:doi
4815:PMC
4807:doi
4727:doi
4690:PMC
4682:doi
4621:doi
4583:PMC
4575:doi
4531:PMC
4490:doi
4486:162
4449:PMC
4439:doi
4377:doi
4373:307
4339:PMC
4331:doi
4242:doi
4205:PMC
4197:doi
4105:doi
4068:PMC
4052:doi
4048:130
3946:PMC
3938:doi
3889:doi
3762:doi
3709:PMC
3701:doi
3640:doi
3473:doi
3469:166
3438:doi
3434:291
3397:PMC
3389:doi
3327:doi
3292:doi
3257:doi
3207:doi
3203:102
3126:doi
3083:doi
3036:doi
2998:doi
2957:doi
2916:PMC
2908:doi
2867:PMC
2859:doi
2855:203
2783:doi
2739:PMC
2731:doi
2727:334
2571:doi
2531:PMC
2523:doi
2519:177
2473:doi
2343:PMC
2335:doi
2331:381
2241:doi
2150:doi
2113:PMC
2103:doi
2064:doi
1953:PMC
1945:doi
1941:388
1899:PMC
1891:doi
1887:388
1743:PMC
1733:doi
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829:or
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468:or
276:".
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7565:,
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7486:IV
7263:RV
6954:–
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