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smaller mouths, refined eyes, and elongating Mary's nose. However, by avoiding the use of demarcating line, as became common in later
Byzantine art, and by setting up the complex interplay of the mother and child's glances, the icon adds to the illusion of life in the piece. The child's features are reminiscent of
625:, remarked that the Virgin's eyes glance at neither the child or the viewer but appear to "look inward and outward at once"; that her free hand gestures towards the baby to "open a space for us to approach Jesus without fear"; and, that the child is shown as "a wise man dressed in adult clothes." Literary scholar,
315:
Following the consecration of the
Assumption Cathedral, which was soon followed by other churches dedicated to the Virgin, there is no record of the icon ever leaving Vladimir until 1395. However, its presence did not prevent the sack and burning of the city by the Mongols in 1238, when the icon was
652:
praises its "craftsmanship and conception", and notes how in its representation of the subject's faces, the icon subtly transitions from its normal use of contour lines to a refined surface texture. It is painted in an artistic style typical for
Byzantine art of the period with features including
381:
David Miller suggests that the icon was in fact normally still in
Vladimir, with some excursions to Moscow, until the 1520s. Crediting the icon with saving Moscow in 1395 does not appear in sources until the late 15th century and the full version of the story until accounts of 1512 and then the
793:
In 1997, the
Tretyakov completed a full restoration of the church. Security improvements to store and display art were added, and an underground passageway was additionally made to connect it to the State Tretyakov Gallery. In order to house the famous icon, a temperature controlled
809:
Due to its dual status as both church and museum, visitors are allowed to pray before the icon and divine
Liturgies are regularly held on selected days. However, visitors can only enter the church through the Tretyakov Gallery and via the underground passageway.
520:, and transparent layers of brighter ochre; the child's face is rendered in a lighter shade than the mother's, perhaps to reflect the difference in their age. The child's clothes are painted with dark ochre and gold. The original painting bore the inscription
495:
painting on wood, 106 by 69 centimetres (42 in × 27 in) in size, with the central 78 by 55 centimetres (31 in × 22 in) portion being original and the rest being a later expansion undertaken possibly to accommodate a larger
365:
which is considered to be built where it occurred. However, no archeological evidence supports this claim, and much of the fifteenth-to-sixteenth century church was destroyed after renovations by the
Russian Orthodox Church.
657:, though the artist renders an expression truer to an actual infant's. The expressive and humanistic character of the icon differentiates it from earlier Byzantine art and exemplify the artistic developments seen during the
527:
In its nine centuries of existence, the icon has been restored and overpainted at least five times to deal with damage and deterioration, including a fifteenth century restoration thought to have been led by
713:
is regarded as the holy protectress of Russia. The venerated image has been used in celebration of coronations of tsars, elections of patriarchs, and other important ceremonies of state. The icon has three
621:), due to the tender attachment between mother and child. Theologians and believers have also commented upon the icons symbology and the religious sentiments it inspires. Contemplating the icon, theologian
508:. They embrace cheek to cheek, with the child gazing towards and reaching for Mary. She holds him with one arm and solemnly looks out towards the viewer. The faces and hands are painted with greenish olive
170:
with several miracles of historical importance to Russia being attributed to the icon. Following its near destruction in the thirteenth century, the work has been restored at least five times.
855:
Even more than most, the original icon has been repeatedly duplicated for centuries, and many copies also have considerable artistic and religious significance of their own. According to
289:
In a traditional account the horses transporting the icon had stopped near
Vladimir and refused to go further. Accordingly, many people of Rus interpreted this as a sign that the
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301:
to legitimize his claim that
Vladimir had replaced Kiev as the principal city of Rus. The icon was soon moved to the Assumption Cathedral after its consecration in 1160.
674:
The icon is generally considered to be one of the most cherished symbols in
Russian history. Academic David Miller has ascribed this to its close connection to Russian
220:
and part of the museum. The icon remains there today, and is only accessible via an underground passage from the gallery to the church, where liturgies are still held.
386:
began to be featured as an important symbol in a series of politicized legends linking Moscow to pre-Mongol Rus and positioning it as the centre of Christianity after
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838:
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spent a night crying over the icon, and Tamerlane's armies retreated the same day. The Muscovites refused to return the icon to Vladimir and placed it in the
259:, it is thought to have been painted in Constantinople. Only the faces are original, with the clothes repainted after suffering damage when a metal cover or
3673:
658:
309:
2126:
Phillips, Peter (25 June 2011). "Band of gold: the historic towns north-east of Moscow give a beautiful glimpse into the dawn of Russian civilisation".
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throughout its existence. Its transfer from Kiev to Vladimir was used by Bogolyubsky to legitimize Vladimir's claim as the new center of government in
629:
interpreted the mix of maternal tenderness and poignant sorrow seen in Mary's expression, as representative of the emotions generated by the events of
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case was commissioned. On 7 September 1996, Our Lady of Vladimir was first installed in the special case located within the church, and the next day
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Miller, David B. (October 1968). "Legends of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir: A Study of the Development of Muscovite National Consciousness".
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consecrated the church. According to Archpriest Nikolai Sokolov, the rector for the church, the case would able to withstand the firing of a
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410:. Displayed as a work of art, it was first put on display in the gallery in 1930 and kept there for at least the next 11 years. During the
394:—initially to sustain the imperial pretensions of Ivan IV, and later to influence state policy under the Riurikid and Romanov dynasties.
2559:
1930:
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said that " ...is admitted by all who have seen it to be one of the most outstanding religious paintings of the world." Art historian
450:
251:
The icon is dated to the earlier part of the 12th century, and arrived in Rus' around 1131. This is consistent with accounts given in
213:
189:. It is traditionally said that the icon did not leave Vladimir until 1395, when it was brought to Moscow to protect the city from an
685:
Additionally, its intimate association with important Russian historical events gave Our Lady of Vladimir the distinction of being a
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1990:
1826:
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Our Lady of Vladimir is on display at the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. As a result of an agreement between the Tretyakov and
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above her head that are original twelfth-century paint. In the past, the icon has been covered with several elaborately designed
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allegedly had the icon flown around the city as the Germans began to invade. This was first described by Moscow city official
3185:
3158:
2630:
641:; and the three stars on Mary's dress (one occluded by the child), "her virginity before, during and after her son's birth."
958:. The canonical dates for the feast days are in old style because the Russian Orthodox Church uses the Julian calendar. See
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329:
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182:
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403:
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1730:"Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane"
371:
194:
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546:(revetments) which caused damage to the frame. The reverse, which is much less well known, contains an image of the
293:
wanted the icon to stay there. The place was named Bogolyubovo, or "the one loved by God". Andrey placed it in his
3648:
2826:
2787:
2077:
2228:. Vol. 329, no. 7834. Economist Intelligence Unit N.A. Incorporated. 23 October 1993. pp. 109–110.
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193:, although the historical accuracy of this claim is uncertain. By at least the sixteenth century, it was in the
3653:
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866:, a chapel was constructed for athletes to be able to pray before competition which hosted a copy of the icon.
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of Kiev. Academic Sona Hoisington attributes this in part to a greater effort by Byzantines to convert and
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2594:
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1714:
675:
637:, respectively. Jesus's bare feet are seen as symbolizing his physical reality; his garments of gold, the
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2045:
Nouwen, Henri J. M. (11 May 1985). "The Icon of the Virgin of Vladimir: An Invitation to Belong to God".
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and functioning museum. Previously, there had been a contentious ownership dispute between the two.
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on panel, 104 by 69 centimetres (41 in × 27 in), painted about 1131 in Constantinople
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through the image has also been credited with saving Moscow from Tatar hordes in 1451 and 1480.
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361:'s invasion. The site where the Muscovites met the Vladimir delegation is commemorated by the
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2009:
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1925:(Guidebook) (in French). Translated by Cook, K. M. (2nd rev ed.). Moscow: Avant-Garde.
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27:
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damaged in the fire. It was restored soon after the event, and again in 1431 and in 1512.
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Various stages of damage to and restoration of the icon, as analyzed by A. I. Anisimov
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449:. Though it was damaged during the excursion, it was soon restored and given to the
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2105:(5). Montpelier, VT: Russian Information Services, Inc.: 8 August–September 1999.
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held throughout the year in celebration to specific events it is associated with:
569:
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century (prior to that the reverse side had a painting of an unidentified saint).
308:
Prince Andrew removing the icon from a convent in Vyshhorod. A miniature from the
43:
1689:
755:
26 August] to commemorate the Muscovite deliverance from pending invasion by
3260:
3125:
2424:
929:
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533:
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80:
1599:
Averintsev, Sergej S. (1994). "The Image of the Virgin Mary in Russian Piety".
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Our Lady of Vladimir's veneration is also likely enhanced by the fact that the
162:. It is one of the most culturally significant and celebrated pieces of art in
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1940:
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It was subject to an ownership dispute in the 1990s between the gallery and
1948:
960:
Gregorian calendar § Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates
466:
344:
from life; the first written account of this story dates back to 1512. The
2155:
Rice, D. Talbot (April 1946). "The Greek Exhibition at Burlington House".
3550:
3434:
3322:
3310:
3080:
3021:
2371:
859:, it became a standard for many Russian contemporary depictions of Mary.
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1620:
90:
104 cm × 69 cm (41 in × 27 in)
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492:
117:
70:
2176:
1957:
1913:
1749:
Elkins, James (1 April 1993). "From original to copy and back again".
216:. An arrangement was made to operate the church with dual status as a
3524:
3512:
3472:
3284:
3250:
3026:
102:
2013:
1643:
524:, an abbreviation for 'Mother of God', of which only parts survive.
2080:[About prayer for the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God].
1580:
3564:
3376:
3334:
2529:
2438:
1892:
Jackson, David (May 1995). "The State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow".
773:
756:
513:
358:
323:
232:
190:
111:
2242:"Что скрывает обратная сторона иконы Владимирской Божьей Матери?"
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when it was brought to the Epiphany Cathedral at the request of
595:
537:
517:
497:
387:
260:
178:
148:
3213:
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1960:[Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Tolmachi].
1659:
Beliaev, Leonid A. (July–August 1997). "Mystery Monasteries".
1631:"Hands off That Sacred Image!" The Vladimir Icon and Its Power
357:
The image was brought from Vladimir to Moscow in 1395, during
644:
Its artistic quality has been highly praised. Art historian
2286:"5 most famous and miraculous icons that Russians venerate"
582:
painted on the reverse side of the icon, ca. 14th century
173:
The icon was painted by an unknown artist most likely in
1836:
Hoisington, Sona (1 March 2019). "The Middle Period".
16:
Medieval Byzantine icon depicting the Virgin and Child
740:
23 June] for, in 1480, for their victory against
1794:. Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press.
1344:
1342:
844:
A late nineteenth century copy largely covered with
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1900:(1106). Burlington Magazine Publications: 342–344.
1060:
532:. It is mainly the faces of Mary and Jesus and the
94:
86:
76:
66:
58:
50:
21:
2336:"A Wounded Presence: The Virgin of Vlaidimir Icon"
2205:"Третьяковка приглашает... в храм/Интервью/ЖМПиЦВ"
1821:(3rd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press.
1787:
1317:
1315:
878:– a church in St. Petersburg dedicated to the icon
726:21 May] to celebrate Moscow's protection from
1867:Insight Guides Pocket Moscow (Travel Guide eBook)
1667:(4). Archaeological Institute of America: 36–38.
778:Our Lady of Vladimir on display within the church
278:the Slavic peoples at the time. It was kept in a
2078:"О чем молятся Владимирской иконе Божией Матери"
1736:. The Orthodox Church in America. 26 August 2016
829:Fifteenth century copy, sometimes attributed to
786:, the church is both an active Russian Orthodox
701:in their attempt to bring peace to the country.
2340:The Graduate Journal of Harvard Divinity School
1486:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1144:
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328:This sixteenth century icon shows Metropolitan
1981:Land of the Firebird: the Beauty of Old Russia
1522:
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1432:
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2401:
1510:
1383:
1381:
1333:
424:
340:A legend formed that the icon was painted by
8:
1958:"Храм Святого Николая Чудотворца В Толмачах"
1321:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
689:. The most recent of these events being the
426:Муниципальная милиция в Российской Федерации
263:was placed over them and in a fire in 1195.
197:where it remained until it was moved to the
2248:(in Russian). 13 March 2014. Archived from
2008:(4). Medieval Academy of America: 657–670.
1165:
406:, the icon came into the possession of the
3232:
3218:
3210:
3046:
2775:
2696:
2483:
2408:
2394:
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1711:Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia
1387:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1127:
1088:
1086:
441:in the wake of tensions between President
310:Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible
181:as a gift before being transferred to the
42:
18:
3659:Eastern Orthodox icons of the Virgin Mary
2832:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
2134:(9539). London: The Spectator Ltd.: 59+.
1642:
1537:
1360:
1348:
1306:
1287:
997:
806:as well as many other potential hazards.
212:, which ended with its relocation to the
2319:(2nd ed.). Penguin History of Art.
2157:The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs
1607:(4). Gregorian Biblical Press: 611–622.
1198:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1115:
1026:
932:, literally meaning "Birth-Giver of God"
303:
270:sent the icon as a gift to grand prince
1870:. Apa Publications (UK) Limited. 2016.
1757:(2). Oxford University Press: 113–120.
1579:Alekseyenko, Anton (9 September 2008).
1438:
1222:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
993:
991:
982:
975:
893:
605:Among icons of Virgin Mary with Jesus,
2203:Strelchik, Evgeny (12 December 2012).
1790:Byzantium, Faith and Power (1261–1557)
1561:
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1985:. New York City: Simon and Schuster.
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1533:
1531:
1234:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
504:as a child being held in the arms of
336:welcoming the Vladimir icon in Moscow
7:
1956:Lebedeva, Elena (18 December 2006).
1581:"Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God"
1077:
1056:
1054:
472:Details of Our lady of Vladimir icon
2224:"The resurrection of holy Russia".
1921:Kirdina, N., ed. (1 January 2000).
1628:Bakatkina, Maria (5 January 2017).
1474:
3674:Paintings of the Madonna and Child
2372:Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God
2284:Yegorov, Oleg (12 November 2018).
1819:The art and architecture of Russia
1713:. Chicago: World Book, Inc. 2018.
1709:"Byzantine Art and Architecture".
1637:(Thesis). University of Virginia.
770:Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi
691:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
451:Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi
382:1560s. From the 16th century, the
286:, brought it to Vladimir in 1155.
214:Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi
14:
2317:Early Christian and Byzantine Art
2084:(in Russian). Pravda. 3 June 2019
1751:The British Journal of Aesthetics
3391:
3259:
3191:
3180:
3179:
2470:
2186:Byzantine Style and Civilization
837:
822:
587:
568:
477:
465:
255:. Similar to other high quality
142:Владимирская икона Божией Матери
32:Владимирская икона Божией Матери
3639:Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus
2334:Belz, Elaine Elizabeth (2016).
1817:Hamilton, George Heard (1983).
954:The dates provided are in both
580:instruments of Christ's Passion
552:instruments of Christ's Passion
3669:Icons in the Tretyakov Gallery
3159:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
2580:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
2575:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
2269:. London: Evans Brothers Ltd.
2053:(18). America Media: 387–390.
900:Sometimes also referred to as
1:
3664:Tourist attractions in Moscow
1786:Evans, Helen C., ed. (2004).
1763:10.1093/bjaesthetics/33.2.113
746:Great Stand on the Ugra River
555:
433:In 1993, it was moved to the
237:The surviving portion of the
195:Dormition Cathedral in Moscow
3584:List of oldest Russian icons
882:List of oldest Russian icons
155:and an early example of the
876:Our Lady of Vladimir Church
598:for the icon dating to 1657
268:Patriarch of Constantinople
3692:
1061:Funk & Wagnalls (2018)
767:
282:nunnery until Yuri's son,
3579:
3389:
3257:
3175:
2778:
2626:Bilocation to Saint James
2468:
2184:Runciman, Steven (1975).
1844:(3). Cricket Media: 20+.
913:
425:
266:In about 1131, the Greek
141:
41:
31:
26:
2678:Protoevangelium of James
2265:Weitzmann, Kurt (1982).
2211:(Interview) (in Russian)
1977:Massie, Suzanne (1980).
550:('prepared throne') and
297:residence and built the
3069:Golden Madonna of Essen
2658:Woman of the Apocalypse
2315:Beckwith, John (1970).
1923:State Tretyakov Gallery
1894:The Burlington Magazine
1585:Orthodoxy and the World
862:In preparation for the
408:State Tretyakov Gallery
199:State Tretyakov Gallery
3634:12th-century paintings
2946:Alma Redemptoris Mater
2895:Our Lady of Navigators
1487:Tretyakov Guide (2000)
1010:Tretyakov Guide (2000)
914:Θεοτόκος του Βλαντίμιρ
779:
676:national consciousness
337:
312:
257:Byzantine works of art
248:
130:Vladimir Mother of God
121:
116:Our Lady of Vladimir,
3131:Theotokos of Vladimir
2560:Presentation of Jesus
2497:Immaculate Conception
2417:Mary, mother of Jesus
2377:Orthodox Encyclopedia
2363:Theotokos of Vladimir
1654:– via LibraETD.
1523:Insight Guides (2016)
941:"Sretenie" being the
906:Theotokos of Vladimir
902:Our Lady of Vyshhorod
777:
650:George Heard Hamilton
327:
307:
284:Andrey of Bogolyubovo
236:
166:. Many consider it a
144:), is a 12th-century
115:
2252:on 25 September 2019
2097:"Our Lady at Rest".
1688:Forest, Jim (2008).
1511:The Economist (1993)
1334:The Economist (1993)
864:1980 Summer Olympics
814:Copies and influence
764:Location and display
697:and Mayor of Moscow
607:Our lady of Vladimir
554:that was painted in
299:Assumption Cathedral
183:Assumption Cathedral
134:Our Lady of Vladimir
36:Our Lady of Vladimir
3113:Madonna del Rosario
3017:Maria mater gratiae
2993:Sub tuum praesidium
2951:Ave Regina caelorum
2905:Our Lady of Victory
2900:Our Lady of Sorrows
2543:Virginal motherhood
2517:Perpetual virginity
1552:, pp. 164–165.
1489:, pp. 278–280.
1453:, pp. 668–670.
1402:, pp. 387–389.
1390:, pp. 612–615.
1336:, pp. 109–110.
1322:Russian Life (1999)
1261:, pp. 669–670.
1249:, pp. 659–660.
1180:, pp. 658–659.
1118:, pp. 107–108.
1095:, pp. 660–661.
945:term for "meeting".
784:Moscow Patriarchate
705:As a religious icon
655:classical sculpture
500:. The icon depicts
372:Dormition Cathedral
363:Sretensky Monastery
342:Luke the Evangelist
210:Moscow Patriarchate
3154:Life of the Virgin
2870:Life-giving Spring
2860:Help of Christians
2570:Return to Nazareth
2512:Marriage to Joseph
1691:Praying with Icons
1525:, pp. 99–100.
1166:Alekseyenko (2008)
800:Patriarch Alexy II
780:
695:Patriarch Alexy II
687:national palladium
670:In Russian history
435:Epiphany Cathedral
368:Vasily I of Moscow
338:
320:Transfer to Moscow
313:
249:
239:Bogolyubovo Castle
203:Russian Revolution
168:national palladium
126:Virgin of Vladimir
122:
22:Virgin of Vladimir
3649:Culture of Russia
3619:
3618:
3572:
3554:
3542:
3528:
3516:
3502:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3450:
3438:
3424:
3384:
3366:
3350:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3300:
3288:
3207:
3206:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3075:The Golden Virgin
2795:Catholic churches
2767:
2766:
2686:
2685:
2565:Flight into Egypt
2555:Nativity of Jesus
2462:Brothers of Jesus
2342:. Harvard College
2326:978-0-14-056033-6
2209:Tserkovny Vestnik
2195:978-0-14-013754-5
2188:. Penguin Books.
1877:978-1-78671-677-4
1801:978-1-58839-114-8
1701:978-1-60833-077-5
1414:, pp. 78–80.
1388:Averintsev (1994)
1290:, pp. 44–45.
1276:Averintsev (1994)
1128:Hoisington (2019)
956:old and new style
804:Kalashnikov rifle
796:bulletproof glass
751:8 September [
646:David Talbot Rice
639:Kingdom of Heaven
609:is classed as an
422:in his 2012 book
191:invasion by Timur
177:. It was sent to
160:iconographic type
108:
107:
99:Tretyakov Gallery
3681:
3562:
3548:
3536:
3522:
3510:
3496:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3444:
3432:
3414:
3395:
3374:
3363:Northwest Russia
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3294:
3278:
3263:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3211:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3047:
3032:Three Hail Marys
2988:Ave maris stella
2865:Immaculate Heart
2776:
2697:
2585:Passion of Jesus
2484:
2474:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2382:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2330:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2280:
2261:
2259:
2257:
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2220:
2218:
2216:
2199:
2180:
2151:
2122:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2073:
2041:
1996:
1984:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1952:
1917:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1861:
1838:Dig into History
1832:
1813:
1793:
1782:
1745:
1743:
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1725:
1705:
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1565:
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1547:
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1538:Strelchik (2012)
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1397:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1361:TVkultura (2014)
1358:
1352:
1351:, pp. 8–25.
1349:Bakatkina (2017)
1346:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1307:Bakatkina (2017)
1304:
1291:
1288:Bakatkina (2017)
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1013:
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998:Weitzmann (1982)
995:
986:
980:
963:
952:
946:
939:
933:
923:
917:
915:
898:
841:
826:
659:Komnenos dynasty
627:S. S. Averintsev
591:
572:
560:
557:
506:his mother, Mary
481:
469:
428:
427:
412:Battle of Moscow
247:
153:Virgin and Child
143:
128:, also known as
46:
33:
19:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3654:Vladimir-Suzdal
3644:Byzantine icons
3624:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3575:
3402:
3396:
3387:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3241:Town-protecting
3238:
3208:
3203:
3163:
3142:
3095:
3086:Queen of Heaven
3036:
2924:
2910:Star of the Sea
2836:
2763:
2747:
2682:
2664:
2611:
2523:
2475:
2466:
2419:
2414:
2380:
2359:
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2343:
2333:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2308:Further reading
2305:
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2264:
2255:
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2214:
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2202:
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2085:
2076:
2044:
2014:10.2307/2855325
1999:
1993:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1933:
1920:
1891:
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1864:
1835:
1829:
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1785:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1708:
1702:
1694:. Orbis Books.
1687:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1644:10.18130/V3NQ0F
1634:
1627:
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1589:
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1199:Lebedeva (2006)
1197:
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1164:
1155:
1149:Phillips (2011)
1147:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1116:Hamilton (1983)
1114:
1099:
1091:
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1027:Runciman (1975)
1025:
1016:
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949:
943:Church Slavonic
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485:
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474:
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459:
420:Viktor Volokhov
400:
398:Post-revolution
322:
272:Yuri Dolgorukiy
253:Rus' chronicles
241:
231:
226:
164:Russian history
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3019:
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3009:
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2985:
2975:
2973:Fátima prayers
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2915:Seat of Wisdom
2912:
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2369:
2358:
2357:External links
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2262:
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2163:(517): 86–90.
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1997:
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1962:pravoslavie.ru
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1932:978-5863941066
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1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1465:, p. 657.
1455:
1443:
1441:, p. 344.
1439:Jackson (1995)
1428:
1426:, p. 387.
1416:
1404:
1392:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1338:
1326:
1311:
1292:
1280:
1278:, p. 613.
1263:
1251:
1239:
1237:, p. 165.
1227:
1223:Beliaev (1997)
1215:
1213:, p. 663.
1203:
1182:
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1120:
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1031:
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1014:
1012:, p. 280.
1002:
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983:Yegorov (2018)
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857:Suzanne Massie
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768:Main article:
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439:Divine Liturgy
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376:Moscow Kremlin
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175:Constantinople
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3539:Staraya Russa
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3533:Starorusskaya
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3381:All of Russia
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3198:Saints Portal
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3107:Agiosoritissa
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3064:Black Madonna
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2879:of all graces
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2293:
2292:
2291:Russia Beyond
2287:
2282:
2278:
2276:0-237-45645-1
2272:
2268:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:The Economist
2222:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
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2166:
2162:
2158:
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2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
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2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2083:
2079:
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2071:
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2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1992:0-671-23051-4
1988:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1828:0-300-05327-4
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1776:
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1768:
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1747:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1697:
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1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1564:, p. 45.
1563:
1562:Massie (1980)
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:Pravda (2019)
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:Miller (1968)
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:Miller (1968)
1447:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:Nouwen (1985)
1420:
1417:
1413:
1412:Forest (2008)
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:Nouwen (1985)
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:Elkins (1993)
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:, p. 45.
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Miller (1968)
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:Miller (1968)
1243:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:, p. 38.
1224:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:Miller (1968)
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Miller (1968)
1174:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:Miller (1968)
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:, p. 89.
1079:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:Miller (1968)
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1000:, p. 17.
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
979:
976:
969:
961:
957:
951:
948:
944:
938:
935:
931:
927:
922:
919:
911:
907:
903:
897:
894:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
865:
860:
858:
847:
840:
832:
831:Andrei Rublev
825:
813:
811:
807:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
785:
776:
771:
763:
758:
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
729:
725:
721:
720:
719:
717:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
669:
664:
662:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
597:
590:
581:
577:
571:
562:
553:
549:
545:
544:
540:
535:
531:
530:Andrei Rublev
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
480:
468:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
443:Boris Yeltsin
440:
436:
431:
429:
421:
417:
416:Joseph Stalin
413:
409:
405:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
384:Vladimirskaya
379:
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53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
29:
25:
20:
3621:
3569:Ekaterinburg
3557:
3546:Toropetskaya
3531:
3505:
3491:
3453:
3442:Belozerskaya
3427:
3409:
3369:
3354:Tikhvinskaya
3303:
3196:
3184:
3130:
3111:
3091:Stabat Mater
3073:
2961:Regina caeli
2956:Salve Regina
2855:Coredemptrix
2850:Christotokos
2810:month of May
2619:: later life
2600:Resurrection
2538:Annunciation
2507:Presentation
2490:: early life
2381:(in Russian)
2375:
2367:OrthodoxWiki
2344:. Retrieved
2339:
2316:
2295:. Retrieved
2289:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2245:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2208:
2185:
2160:
2156:
2131:
2127:
2102:
2099:Russian Life
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2081:
2064:
2050:
2046:
2005:
2001:
1980:
1966:. Retrieved
1964:(in Russian)
1961:
1922:
1897:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1866:
1841:
1837:
1818:
1789:
1754:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1716:
1710:
1690:
1664:
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1630:
1604:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1584:
1557:
1550:Evans (2004)
1545:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1368:
1356:
1329:
1324:, p. 8.
1283:
1254:
1242:
1235:Evans (2004)
1230:
1218:
1206:
1173:
1123:
1005:
978:
950:
937:
921:
905:
901:
896:
861:
854:
848:(revetments)
808:
792:
788:house church
781:
736:6 July [
731:Mehmed Giray
728:Crimean Khan
722:3 June [
710:
708:
699:Yury Luzhkov
684:
673:
665:Significance
643:
623:Henri Nouwen
618:
606:
604:
542:
538:
526:
516:pigment and
509:
502:Jesus Christ
490:
447:Russian Duma
432:
423:
401:
383:
380:
356:
349:
346:intercession
339:
314:
290:
288:
276:Christianize
265:
250:
218:house church
207:
172:
157:
133:
129:
125:
123:
109:
35:
3611:Derzhavnaya
3507:Petrovskaya
3480:Kashinskaya
3468:Kaluzhskaya
3455:Galichskaya
3411:Abalakskaya
3305:Smolenskaya
3121:Derzhavnaya
2783:Apparitions
2590:Crucifixion
2082:www.ap22.ru
1661:Archaeology
1601:Gregorianum
1513:, database.
1375:, database.
1151:, database.
1130:, database.
1078:Rice (1946)
1063:, database.
930:Virgin Mary
744:during the
680:Kievan Rus'
611:Eleusa icon
559: 14th
534:gold ground
512:, a mix of
457:Description
295:Bogolyubovo
242: [
81:Virgin Mary
3628:Categories
3493:Ozeryanska
3403:veneration
3371:Kazanskaya
3269:veneration
3138:Hodegetria
3059:Assumption
3012:Magnificat
2817:Feast days
2772:Veneration
2736:Protestant
2670:Apocryphal
2648:Coronation
2643:Assumption
2595:Deposition
2550:Visitation
2148:A259961864
1896:(Review).
1858:A581990256
1572:References
1475:OCA (2016)
742:Khan Ahmed
716:feast days
576:Hetoimasia
548:Hetoimasia
404:Bolsheviks
402:Under the
201:after the
87:Dimensions
3589:Iverskaya
3559:Uralskaya
3447:Belozersk
3429:Akhtyrska
3347:Yaroslavl
3342:Tolgskaya
2968:Ave Maria
2941:Antiphons
2920:Theotokos
2875:Mediatrix
2822:Patronage
2805:Devotions
2800:Christmas
2701:Christian
2692:Mariology
2653:Queenship
2631:Dormition
2617:Tradition
2607:Pentecost
2488:Tradition
2457:Elizabeth
2435:(husband)
2346:12 August
2256:24 August
2246:TVkultura
2234:A14570055
2215:12 August
2169:0951-0788
2140:0038-6952
2128:Spectator
2119:A58065134
2111:1066-999X
2088:11 August
2059:0002-7049
2038:154449436
2022:0038-7134
1968:11 August
1906:0007-6287
1850:1539-7130
1810:893698628
1779:A13772791
1771:0007-0904
1740:15 August
1673:0003-8113
1650:15 August
1613:0017-4114
1590:12 August
1540:, online.
1501:, online.
1477:, online.
1363:, online.
1201:, online.
1168:, online.
985:, online.
970:Citations
757:Tamerlane
711:Theotokos
619:Oumilenie
392:Byzantium
359:Tamerlane
351:Theotokos
291:Theotokos
280:Vyshhorod
146:Byzantine
3606:Kholmska
3599:Donskaya
3551:Toropets
3520:Samarska
3435:Akhtyrka
3401:Regional
3330:Kurskaya
3323:Kostroma
3311:Smolensk
3297:Novgorod
3292:Znamenie
3281:Vladimir
3267:National
3186:Category
3022:Memorare
2983:Akathist
2741:Lutheran
2731:Orthodox
2714:Catholic
2709:Anglican
2453:(mother)
2447:(father)
2297:9 August
2267:The Icon
2070:35621166
2002:Speculum
1949:9058828M
1941:54071928
1883:9 August
1722:by218900
1681:41658720
1621:23579744
904:and the
870:See also
733:in 1521.
631:Nativity
445:and the
334:Vasily I
187:Vladimir
95:Location
3499:Kharkiv
3421:Siberia
3417:Tobolsk
3359:Tikhvin
3147:Related
2936:Angelus
2929:Prayers
2890:Panagia
2885:New Eve
2827:Shrines
2759:Islamic
2719:history
2528:In the
2445:Joachim
2047:America
2030:2855325
1734:oca.org
635:Calvary
615:Russian
493:tempera
374:of the
348:of the
330:Cyprian
229:Origins
224:History
138:Russian
118:tempera
77:Subject
71:Tempera
54:Unknown
28:Russian
3525:Dnipro
3513:Moscow
3485:Kashin
3473:Kaluga
3461:Galich
3285:Moscow
3251:Russia
3244:Marian
3126:Eleusa
3027:Rosary
3005:Loreto
3000:Litany
2842:Titles
2433:Joseph
2425:Family
2323:
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2232:
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2177:869212
2175:
2167:
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2117:
2109:
2068:
2057:
2036:
2028:
2020:
1989:
1947:
1939:
1929:
1914:886644
1912:
1904:
1874:
1856:
1848:
1825:
1808:
1798:
1777:
1769:
1720:
1698:
1679:
1671:
1619:
1611:
510:sankir
437:for a
158:Eleusa
103:Moscow
67:Medium
51:Artist
3565:Urals
3377:Kazan
3335:Kursk
3247:icons
3081:Pietà
2978:Hymns
2752:Other
2724:papal
2530:Bible
2502:Birth
2441:(son)
2439:Jesus
2173:JSTOR
2063:EBSCO
2034:S2CID
2026:JSTOR
1910:JSTOR
1715:EBSCO
1677:JSTOR
1635:(PDF)
1617:JSTOR
926:Greek
910:Greek
888:Notes
539:oklad
522:ΜΡ ΘΥ
514:ochre
246:]
3419:and
3379:and
3361:and
3283:and
3100:East
3051:West
2788:list
2636:Tomb
2480:Life
2451:Anne
2348:2019
2321:ISBN
2299:2019
2271:ISBN
2258:2019
2230:Gale
2217:2019
2190:ISBN
2165:ISSN
2144:Gale
2136:ISSN
2115:Gale
2107:ISSN
2090:2019
2065:host
2055:ISSN
2018:ISSN
1987:ISBN
1970:2019
1937:OCLC
1927:ISBN
1902:ISSN
1885:2019
1872:ISBN
1854:Gale
1846:ISSN
1823:ISBN
1806:OCLC
1796:ISBN
1775:Gale
1767:ISSN
1742:2019
1717:host
1696:ISBN
1669:ISSN
1652:2019
1609:ISSN
1592:2019
928:for
846:riza
753:O.S.
738:O.S.
724:O.S.
633:and
596:riza
578:and
543:riza
541:and
518:soot
498:riza
390:and
388:Rome
332:and
261:riza
179:Kiev
149:icon
124:The
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3249:of
3042:Art
2374:at
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