40:
1238:
He, Zhuohao; Guo, Jing L.; McBride, Jennifer D.; Narasimhan, Sneha; Kim, Hyesung; Changolkar, Lakshmi; Zhang, Bin; Gathagan, Ronald J.; Yue, Cuiyong; Dengler, Christopher; Stieber, Anna; Nitla, Magdalena; Coulter, Douglas A.; Abel, Ted; Brunden, Kurt R.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y.
1493:
Neumann, Manuela; Sampathu, Deepak M.; Kwong, Linda K.; Truax, Adam C.; Micsenyi, Matthew C.; Chou, Thomas T.; Bruce, Jennifer; Schuck, Theresa; Grossman, Murray; Clark, Christopher M.; McCluskey, Leo F.; Miller, Bruce L.; Masliah, Eliezer; Mackenzie, Ian R.; Feldman, Howard; Feiden, Wolfgang;
2965:
610:, where they co-founded the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR) in 1991. They co-directed CNDR until 2002, when Lee became director and Trojanowski the co-director. Trojanowski passed away from a fall and related
504:
The pair first reported in 1988 that the tau protein is a central component of protein aggregates associated with
Alzheimer's disease (known as paired helical filaments). They also determined that abnormal
1185:
Guo, Jing L.; Narasimhan, Sneha; Changolkar, Lakshmi; He, Zhuohao; Stieber, Anna; Zhang, Bin; Gathagan, Ronald J.; Iba, Michiyo; McBride, Jennifer D.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.Y. (2016).
653:
2950:
839:
429:
425:
242:
517:
had tau aggregates inside neurons and exhibited
Alzheimer's symptoms when injected with pathological tau protein. In a more recent study, they connected the two major types of protein aggregates,
1043:
2046:
550:
Apart from these two relatively well-known neurodegenerative diseases, Lee and
Trojanowski also studied frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and
746:
2970:
803:
1437:
Tu, Pang-hsien; Galvin, James E.; Baba, Minami; Giasson, Benoit; Tomita, Taisuke; Leight, Susan; Nakajo, Shigeo; Iwatsubo, Takeshi; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y. (2004).
2094:
1388:
Volpicelli-Daley, Laura A.; Luk, Kelvin C.; Patel, Tapan P.; Tanik, Selcuk A.; Riddle, Dawn M.; Stieber, Anna; Meaney, David F.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y. (2011).
2995:
1561:"Remembering John Q Trojanowski, in his own words: A life dedicated to discovering building blocks and using them to build bridges of knowledge, collaboration, and discovery"
241:
and
Laboratory Medicine, and the director of the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and co-director of the Marian S. Ware Alzheimer Drug Discovery Program at the
1609:
2367:
437:
2940:
666:
457:
In 2004, the Marian S. Ware Center for
Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Program was established at the University of Pennsylvania, and Lee has been directing it since.
2955:
2905:
2920:
798:
2975:
2915:
2910:
2087:
835:
2479:
2205:
1290:
Baba, Minami; Nakajo, Shigeo; Tu, Pang-Hsien; Tomita, Taisuke; Nakaya, Kazuyasu; Lee, Virginia M.-Y.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Iwatsubo, Takeshi (1998).
1053:
543:
can reduce the death of neurons caused by alpha-synuclein built-up, and that similar to the tau protein and
Alzheimer's, healthy neurons may take up
454:
Since 2002, Lee has been the director of the Center for
Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
1730:
911:
2960:
2054:
348:
86:
1837:
2080:
755:
660:
2990:
2359:
1982:
2930:
2925:
2552:
1926:
1133:"Abnormal tau phosphorylation at Ser396 in alzheimer's disease recapitulates development and contributes to reduced microtubule binding"
874:
719:
683:
250:
1896:
966:
2935:
308:. Lee was eager to leave Hong Kong and explore other countries, and so she began her piano study in 1962. Eventually, her interest in
266:
57:
2985:
2945:
2112:
2016:
1296:
482:
433:
99:
1191:
1956:
1866:
1619:
1439:"Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in white matter oligodendrocytes of multiple system atrophy brains contain insoluble α-synuclein"
1131:
Bramblett, Gregory T.; Goedert, Michel; Jakes, Ross; Merrick, Sandra E.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.Y. (June 1993).
2980:
2519:
2136:
715:
383:
for a year. In 1974, at the invitation of
Michael L. Shelanski and Lloyd A. Greene, who were setting up a research group at
1807:
2020:
1990:
878:
677:
670:
627:
587:
486:
384:
156:
2387:
2323:
2291:
1840:
943:. Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
914:. Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
689:
634:
1870:
940:
2592:
2311:
1768:
1904:
1241:"Amyloid-β plaques enhance Alzheimer's brain tau-seeded pathologies by facilitating neuritic plaque tau aggregation"
1986:
843:
641:
607:
559:
422:
246:
168:
95:
2297:
1048:
808:
759:
470:
324:. Two years into her piano program, she decided to fully commit to science, obtaining a BSc in 1967 and then an
2768:
1700:
1614:
2371:
2235:
640:
Alzheimer's
Association International Conference Lifetime Achievement Awards in Alzheimer's Disease Research,
417:. Upset about the restrictions in industry, a year later, she returned to academia, joining the Department of
410:
164:
847:
2805:
2666:
2541:
2473:
583:
551:
368:
333:
77:
1390:"Exogenous α-Synuclein Fibrils Induce Lewy Body Pathology Leading to Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuron Death"
2900:
2819:
2652:
603:
510:
478:
474:
395:
301:
293:
when she was about 11, but she stayed in Hong Kong with one of her brothers and her paternal grandmother.
230:
111:
1740:
1333:
Auluck, Pavan K.; Chan, H. Y. Edwin; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y.; Bonini, Nancy M. (2002).
1292:"Aggregation of a-Synuclein in Lewy Bodies of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies"
1187:"Unique pathological tau conformers from Alzheimer's brains transmit tau pathology in nontransgenic mice"
1132:
1076:
1647:
915:
376:
152:
2861:
2395:
2780:
2895:
2626:
2445:
1844:
1507:
591:
364:
344:
321:
90:
68:
493:, Lee's studies challenged conventional belief that Alzheimer's disease is caused by aggregation of
2865:
2746:
2636:
1443:
575:
544:
537:
490:
313:
282:
121:
72:
2839:
2750:
2632:
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2419:
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2301:
2269:
2188:
2103:
1735:
1531:
1468:
1370:
1160:
1106:
599:
392:
160:
2674:
1994:
285:
with
Chinese as its language of instruction, she switched to a secondary school that taught in
2797:
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2728:
2622:
2580:
2560:
2409:
2405:
2215:
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2154:
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1460:
1419:
1362:
1343:
1315:
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1220:
1152:
1098:
1024:
440:
in 1982 as a "back-up plan" to be at the pharmaceutical industry, completing two years later.
325:
274:
81:
1934:
1496:"Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis"
882:
2873:
2823:
2793:
2724:
2718:
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2618:
2606:
2568:
2509:
2489:
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1900:
1787:
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1515:
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1144:
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647:
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286:
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234:
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2835:
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2684:
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2614:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2523:
2503:
2485:
2451:
2307:
2273:
2257:
2120:
1245:
1075:
Kosik, K.S.; Orecchio, L.D.; Binder, L.; Trojanowski, J.Q.; Lee, V.M.-Y.; Lee, G. (1988).
1005:
525:
518:
506:
494:
2785:
2024:
1671:
1642:
1511:
2857:
2831:
2827:
2736:
2710:
2576:
2564:
2465:
2455:
2427:
2391:
2379:
2375:
2239:
2158:
2047:"Clarivate Reveals Citation Laureates 2022 – Annual List of Researchers of Nobel Class"
1811:
1792:
1763:
1585:
1560:
1414:
1389:
1310:
1291:
1267:
1240:
1044:"Alzheimer's pioneer Virginia Lee wins $ 3 million Breakthrough Prize for work at Penn"
623:
1495:
1215:
1186:
339:
Afterwards, Lee moved to the United States to be closer to her mother, who was living
2889:
2853:
2801:
2732:
2658:
2640:
2610:
2531:
2527:
2493:
2435:
2363:
2333:
2315:
2277:
2247:
2223:
2194:
2176:
2148:
1960:
1874:
1148:
1094:
402:
388:
372:
290:
1472:
1374:
1164:
1110:
2813:
2758:
2740:
2706:
2702:
2572:
2423:
2341:
2231:
1535:
406:
329:
226:
222:
142:
138:
723:
558:
with multiple system atrophy. Two years later, they showed for the first time the
521:
and tau protein aggregates, where the former facilitates tau aggregation in mice.
405:
sector in 1979, when she became the associate senior research investigator at the
39:
1405:
273:
with her family at age five. She lived with her extended family and studied at a
2714:
2696:
2670:
2644:
2584:
2413:
2355:
2351:
2261:
2132:
2128:
1815:
611:
498:
380:
352:
340:
300:
at the insistence of her mother, who as a result encouraged her to study at the
198:
2072:
1782:
1714:
1695:
1661:
1576:
2688:
2537:
2431:
2337:
2319:
2243:
2170:
1077:"Epitopes that span the tau molecule are shared with paired helical filaments"
2845:
2776:
2285:
2219:
2050:
1519:
1357:
1334:
944:
654:
Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Award in Psychiatry
595:
563:
529:
524:
For Parkinson's disease, Lee and Trojanowski reported that another protein,
466:
444:
418:
317:
270:
262:
238:
181:
53:
1680:
1594:
1527:
1423:
1366:
1276:
1224:
1028:
1464:
1456:
1319:
1156:
1102:
2142:
1731:"John Q. Trojanowski Dies at 75; Changed Understanding of Brain Diseases"
1205:
1494:
Kretzschmar, Hans A.; Trojanowski, John Q.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y. (2006).
1019:
1000:
540:
414:
391:
and became a postdoctoral fellow at the Boston Children's Hospital and
309:
182:
Studies on the in vitro lipolytic activity of pituitary growth hormone
2966:
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania faculty
2513:
579:
533:
336:(which at that time was still a member of the University of London).
305:
175:
1258:
555:
513:, which are aggregates of the tau protein, and found that healthy
297:
748:
Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2019
2345:
289:. Her mother, together with most of her relatives, moved to the
2076:
237:
Endowed Professor in Alzheimer's Research at the Department of
602:. They married in 1979. Together they carried out research of
973:. Vol. 50, no. 50. February 3, 2004. Archived from
967:"Marian S. Ware: $ 6 Million Gift for Alzheimer's Program"
1933:. Vol. 58, no. 32. May 1, 2012. Archived from
536:
of Parkinson's patients. They also discovered a type of
1959:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
1764:"In Memoriam of John T. Trojanowski, MD, PhD 1946-2022"
562:
protein was abnormally modified by phosphorylation and
509:
of the tau protein is responsible for the formation of
2951:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1335:"Chaperone Suppression of α-Synuclein Toxicity in a
2551:
2204:
2111:
838:. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
451:Endowed Professor in Alzheimer's Research in 1999.
192:
174:
148:
134:
117:
106:
64:
46:
23:
554:. In 2004, they associated alpha-synuclein in the
547:alpha-synuclein and become defective in function.
1554:
1552:
994:
992:
438:Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
667:J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine
2971:University of California, San Francisco alumni
1610:"Neuropathologist John Trojanowski Dies at 75"
710:
708:
706:
2088:
906:
904:
902:
900:
830:
828:
826:
8:
1001:"Profile: Virginia Lee and John Trojanowski"
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
2996:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
2095:
2081:
2073:
1643:"John Q. Trojanowski: neuropathology icon"
797:Mukhopadhyay, Rajendrani (June 28, 2013).
38:
20:
2480:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
1791:
1781:
1713:
1670:
1660:
1584:
1413:
1356:
1309:
1266:
1214:
1204:
1018:
532:, which are protein aggregates found in
221:; born 1945) is a Chinese-born American
1762:Zheng, Hui; Holtzman, David M. (2022).
702:
432:). Fearing the transition, she took an
349:University of California, San Francisco
87:University of California, San Francisco
2941:Chinese emigrants to the United States
935:
933:
869:
867:
865:
16:American neuroscientist and biochemist
756:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
661:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
2956:Academic staff of Utrecht University
2906:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
2053:. September 21, 2022. Archived from
720:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
684:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
251:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
229:who specializes in the research of
2976:University of Pennsylvania faculty
2916:Alumni of the University of London
1931:University of Pennsylvania Almanac
971:University of Pennsylvania Almanac
881:. November 6, 2019. Archived from
14:
2911:Alumni of Imperial College London
1897:"The John Scott Award Recipients"
1297:The American Journal of Pathology
799:"Virginia Lee: notes on a career"
489:. Together with her late husband
483:frontotemporal lobar degeneration
1192:Journal of Experimental Medicine
1042:Avril, Tom (September 5, 2019).
2921:Alzheimer's disease researchers
1608:Winter, Lisa (March 18, 2022).
582:in 1976. At the time she was a
421:and Laboratory Medicine of the
2961:Harvard Medical School faculty
1729:Kolata, Gina (March 1, 2022).
1339:Model for Parkinson's Disease"
465:Lee's research focuses on the
409:-based pharmaceutical company
1:
2021:The Michael J. Fox Foundation
1991:University of Western Ontario
879:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
758:. p. 361. Archived from
678:The Michael J. Fox Foundation
671:University of Western Ontario
628:American Academy of Neurology
487:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2388:Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
1841:National Academy of Medicine
1406:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.033
1149:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90057-x
1095:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90129-8
635:National Academy of Medicine
355:. She completed it in 1973.
2991:21st-century American women
2312:Supernova Cosmology Project
1927:"Honors & Other Things"
1867:"AAIC Lifetime Achievement"
1838:"Virginia M.-Y. Lee, Ph.D."
1769:Molecular Neurodegeneration
840:Perelman School of Medicine
690:Clarivate Citation Laureate
614:injuries in February 2022.
430:Perelman School of Medicine
243:Perelman School of Medicine
3012:
2931:American women biochemists
2926:American neuropathologists
2017:"Robert A. Pritzker Prize"
1987:Robarts Research Institute
1783:10.1186/s13024-022-00530-2
1715:10.1038/s41582-022-00649-2
1662:10.1007/s00401-022-02413-8
1577:10.1038/s41531-022-00310-1
1559:Lashuel, Hilal A. (2022).
844:University of Pennsylvania
676:Robert A. Pritzker Prize,
608:University of Pennsylvania
588:Boston Children's Hospital
528:, is a major component of
471:neurodegenerative diseases
423:University of Pennsylvania
385:Boston Children's Hospital
296:Lee has been learning the
247:University of Pennsylvania
169:University of Pennsylvania
157:Boston Children's Hospital
96:University of Pennsylvania
2936:Biologists from Chongqing
1049:The Philadelphia Inquirer
999:Wadman, Meredith (2006).
912:"Virginia M.-Y. Lee, PhD"
574:Lee met her late husband
411:Smith, Kline & French
351:under the supervision of
218:
204:
165:Smith, Kline & French
127:
37:
30:
2986:American women academics
2946:Chinese women biologists
1701:Nature Reviews Neurology
261:Lee was born in 1945 in
257:Early life and education
249:. She received the 2020
2806:Shankar Balasubramanian
2542:Alexander Zamolodchikov
2474:Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
1871:Alzheimer’s Association
1694:Lee, Edward B. (2022).
1641:Lee, Edward B. (2022).
1565:npj Parkinson's Disease
1520:10.1126/science.1134108
1358:10.1126/science.1067389
642:Alzheimer's Association
552:multiple system atrophy
511:neurofibrillary tangles
334:Imperial College London
78:Imperial College London
2820:Clifford P. Brangwynne
2653:Emmanuelle Charpentier
1957:"Virginia Man-Yee Lee"
875:"Virginia Man-Yee Lee"
836:"Virginia Man-Yee Lee"
716:"Virginia Man-Yee Lee"
387:, she returned to the
302:Royal Academy of Music
2981:Wharton School alumni
2324:High-Z Supernova Team
1983:"Previous Recipients"
1696:"John Q. Trojanowski"
1648:Acta Neuropathologica
1457:10.1002/ana.410440324
497:, and pointed to the
401:She then entered the
377:University of Utrecht
233:. She is the current
153:University of Utrecht
2763:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
2627:Alexander Varshavsky
2446:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
2344:and contributors to
2027:on November 28, 2022
1997:on November 28, 2022
1963:on November 23, 2022
1937:on November 28, 2022
1907:on November 28, 2022
1877:on November 28, 2022
1847:on November 28, 2022
1818:on November 28, 2022
1743:on November 24, 2022
1622:on November 24, 2022
1206:10.1084/jem.20160833
1056:on September 5, 2019
977:on November 25, 2022
947:on November 24, 2022
918:on November 24, 2022
885:on November 25, 2022
850:on November 25, 2022
811:on November 22, 2022
726:on November 25, 2022
322:University of London
281:. After a year at a
211:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
69:University of London
25:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
2747:Jeffrey M. Friedman
2637:Charles David Allis
2322:and members of the
2310:and members of the
2057:on December 1, 2022
1512:2006Sci...314..130N
1444:Annals of Neurology
765:on November 3, 2022
604:Alzheimer's disease
584:postdoctoral fellow
576:John Q. Trojanowski
501:as a major player.
491:John Q. Trojanowski
479:Parkinson's disease
475:Alzheimer's disease
369:postdoctoral fellow
312:led her to start a
231:Alzheimer's disease
122:John Q. Trojanowski
112:Alzheimer's disease
2840:Masashi Yanagisawa
2751:Franz-Ulrich Hartl
2681:Stephen J. Elledge
2633:Alim Louis Benabid
2520:Charles H. Bennett
2470:Daniel Z. Freedman
2420:Charles L. Bennett
2384:Arthur B. McDonald
2372:KĹŤichirĹŤ Nishikawa
2302:John Henry Schwarz
2292:Alexander Polyakov
2270:Michel Della Negra
2189:Daniel A. Spielman
2104:Breakthrough Prize
1736:The New York Times
1020:10.1038/nm0706-752
600:Harvard University
426:School of Medicine
367:, she worked as a
343:, and pursued her
161:Harvard University
2883:
2882:
2862:Fredrick Van Goor
2755:Arthur L. Horwich
2729:Adrian R. Krainer
2623:Richard P. Lifton
2581:Napoleone Ferrara
2561:Cornelia Bargmann
2410:Andrew Strominger
2406:Joseph Polchinski
2216:Nima Arkani-Hamed
2165:Vincent Lafforgue
2155:Christopher Hacon
1808:"Past Recipients"
1506:(5796): 130–133.
1351:(5556): 865–868.
1199:(12): 2635–2654.
618:Honors and awards
566:in FTLD and ALS.
447:in 1989, and the
375:Institute of the
267:Republic of China
208:
207:
129:Scientific career
3003:
2874:Andrew Singleton
2824:Anthony A. Hyman
2794:Jeffery W. Kelly
2789:
2781:Richard J. Youle
2725:C. Frank Bennett
2719:Don W. Cleveland
2693:Yoshinori Ohsumi
2619:Robert S. Langer
2607:James P. Allison
2569:Lewis C. Cantley
2510:Hidetoshi Katori
2490:Jens H. Gundlach
2400:Super-Kamiokande
2282:Joseph Incandela
2266:Fabiola Gianotti
2228:Maxim Kontsevich
2183:Takuro Mochizuki
2125:Maxim Kontsevich
2097:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2023:. Archived from
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1993:. Archived from
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:. Archived from
1901:John Scott Medal
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:. Archived from
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1843:. Archived from
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1814:. Archived from
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1739:. Archived from
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1618:. Archived from
1605:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1143:(6): 1089–1099.
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:. Archived from
1039:
1033:
1032:
1022:
996:
987:
986:
984:
982:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
937:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
895:
894:
892:
890:
871:
860:
859:
857:
855:
846:. Archived from
832:
821:
820:
818:
816:
807:. Archived from
794:
775:
774:
772:
770:
764:
753:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
722:. Archived from
712:
648:John Scott Medal
449:John H. Ware 3rd
413:, now a part of
283:secondary school
235:John H. Ware 3rd
220:
194:Doctoral advisor
188:
42:
33:
21:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2870:Ellen Sidransky
2850:Michel Sadelain
2836:Emmanuel Mignot
2810:David Klenerman
2783:
2773:Catherine Dulac
2685:Harry F. Noller
2663:Karl Deisseroth
2649:Jennifer Doudna
2615:Michael N. Hall
2601:Bert Vogelstein
2597:Shinya Yamanaka
2593:Robert Weinberg
2589:Charles Sawyers
2547:
2524:Gilles Brassard
2504:Steven Weinberg
2486:Eric Adelberger
2396:YĹŤichirĹŤ Suzuki
2308:Saul Perlmutter
2274:Tejinder Virdee
2258:Stephen Hawking
2207:
2200:
2121:Simon Donaldson
2107:
2101:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1259:10.1038/nm.4443
1246:Nature Medicine
1237:
1236:
1232:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1006:Nature Medicine
998:
997:
990:
980:
978:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
939:
938:
931:
921:
919:
910:
909:
898:
888:
886:
873:
872:
863:
853:
851:
834:
833:
824:
814:
812:
796:
795:
778:
768:
766:
762:
751:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
714:
713:
704:
699:
620:
572:
526:alpha-synuclein
519:amyloid plaques
507:phosphorylation
495:amyloid plaques
463:
415:GlaxoSmithKline
361:
277:that taught in
269:, and moved to
259:
186:
167:
163:
159:
155:
141:
94:
85:
76:
60:
51:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2858:Paul Negulescu
2843:
2828:Demis Hassabis
2817:
2798:Katalin KarikĂł
2791:
2766:
2744:
2737:Xiaowei Zhuang
2722:
2711:Kazutoshi Mori
2700:
2678:
2656:
2630:
2604:
2577:Titia de Lange
2565:David Botstein
2557:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2517:
2507:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2466:Sergio Ferrara
2459:
2449:
2439:
2432:Lyman Page Jr.
2428:Norman Jarosik
2417:
2403:
2392:Takaaki Kajita
2349:
2348:project (2016)
2327:
2305:
2295:
2289:
2251:
2240:Nathan Seiberg
2236:Juan Maldacena
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:James McKernan
2152:
2146:
2140:
2137:Richard Taylor
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2038:
2008:
1974:
1948:
1918:
1888:
1858:
1829:
1812:Potamkin Prize
1799:
1754:
1721:
1686:
1655:(4): 419–425.
1633:
1600:
1548:
1485:
1451:(3): 415–422.
1429:
1380:
1325:
1304:(4): 879–884.
1282:
1230:
1177:
1123:
1089:(9): 817–825.
1067:
1034:
988:
958:
929:
896:
861:
822:
776:
737:
701:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
687:
681:
674:
664:
659:Member of the
657:
651:
645:
638:
633:Member of the
631:
624:Potamkin Prize
619:
616:
571:
568:
564:ubiquitylation
462:
459:
396:Medical School
363:Following her
360:
357:
275:primary school
258:
255:
227:neuroscientist
206:
205:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
178:
172:
171:
150:
146:
145:
136:
132:
131:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
66:
62:
61:
52:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3008:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Living people
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Thomas Gasser
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:Sabine Hadida
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:Drew Weissman
2799:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:Angelika Amon
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2689:Roeland Nusse
2686:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:Edward Boyden
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:Victor Ambros
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2611:Mahlon DeLong
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2553:Life sciences
2550:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:Peter W. Shor
2529:
2528:David Deutsch
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:Blayne Heckel
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:David Spergel
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:Atsuto Suzuki
2361:
2360:Daya Bay team
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:Ronald Drever
2331:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:Brian Schmidt
2313:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2298:Michael Green
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:Guido Tonelli
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:Edward Witten
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:Alexei Kitaev
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2195:Simon Brendle
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2177:Martin Hairer
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:Jean Bourgain
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1615:The Scientist
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
976:
972:
968:
962:
959:
946:
942:
936:
934:
930:
917:
913:
907:
905:
903:
901:
897:
884:
880:
876:
870:
868:
866:
862:
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
829:
827:
823:
810:
806:
805:
800:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
777:
761:
757:
750:
749:
741:
738:
725:
721:
717:
711:
709:
707:
703:
696:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
621:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:and he was a
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:Personal life
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
545:extracellular
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:, especially
472:
468:
460:
458:
455:
452:
450:
446:
443:Lee became a
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:biotechnology
399:
397:
394:
390:
389:United States
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Rudolf Magnus
370:
366:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
332:in 1968 from
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
291:United States
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
216:
212:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
184:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
83:
79:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
22:
19:
2814:Pascal Mayer
2762:
2759:David Julius
2741:Zhijian Chen
2707:Peter Walter
2703:Joanne Chory
2675:Svante Pääbo
2573:Hans Clevers
2499:
2461:
2452:Charles Kane
2441:
2424:Gary Hinshaw
2342:Rainer Weiss
2329:
2288:(LHC) (2013)
2253:
2232:Andrei Linde
2059:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2041:
2031:November 28,
2029:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2011:
2001:November 28,
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1977:
1967:November 23,
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1951:
1941:November 28,
1939:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1930:
1921:
1911:November 28,
1909:. Retrieved
1905:the original
1891:
1881:November 28,
1879:. Retrieved
1875:the original
1861:
1851:November 28,
1849:. Retrieved
1845:the original
1832:
1822:November 28,
1820:. Retrieved
1816:the original
1802:
1773:
1767:
1757:
1747:November 24,
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1734:
1724:
1705:
1699:
1689:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1626:November 24,
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1613:
1603:
1568:
1564:
1539:. Retrieved
1503:
1499:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1448:
1442:
1432:
1400:(1): 57–71.
1397:
1393:
1383:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1301:
1295:
1285:
1253:(1): 29–38.
1250:
1244:
1233:
1196:
1190:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1140:
1136:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1086:
1080:
1070:
1060:September 5,
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1047:
1037:
1010:
1004:
981:November 25,
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
970:
961:
951:November 24,
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
941:"About CNDR"
922:November 24,
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
889:November 25,
887:. Retrieved
883:the original
854:November 23,
852:. Retrieved
848:the original
815:November 22,
813:. Retrieved
809:the original
802:
767:. Retrieved
760:the original
747:
740:
730:November 25,
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
573:
549:
523:
503:
464:
456:
453:
442:
407:Philadelphia
400:
362:
338:
330:biochemistry
295:
260:
210:
209:
180:
149:Institutions
143:Biochemistry
139:Neuroscience
128:
110:Research of
18:
2896:1945 births
2832:John Jumper
2784: [
2769:David Baker
2715:Kim Nasmyth
2697:Huda Zoghbi
2671:Helen Hobbs
2645:Gary Ruvkun
2585:Eric Lander
2456:Eugene Mele
2414:Cumrun Vafa
2402:team (2016)
2356:Kam-Biu Luk
2352:Yifang Wang
2262:Peter Jenni
2206:Fundamental
2133:Terence Tao
2129:Jacob Lurie
2113:Mathematics
2061:December 1,
1541:December 1,
1478:December 1,
1170:December 1,
1116:December 1,
804:ASBMB Today
769:November 3,
612:spinal cord
530:Lewy bodies
499:tau protein
381:Netherlands
353:Choh Hao Li
341:Los Angeles
199:Choh Hao Li
2890:Categories
2667:John Hardy
2538:John Cardy
2338:Kip Thorne
2320:Adam Riess
2284:(CMS) and
2244:Ashoke Sen
2171:Alex Eskin
1708:(6): 315.
1337:Drosophila
1013:(7): 752.
697:References
316:degree in
223:biochemist
2846:Carl June
2777:Dennis Lo
2286:Lyn Evans
2268:(ATLAS),
2220:Alan Guth
2106:laureates
2051:Clarivate
596:pathology
538:chaperone
467:pathology
445:professor
436:from the
419:Pathology
318:chemistry
271:Hong Kong
263:Chongqing
239:Pathology
65:Education
54:Chongqing
2398:and the
2386:and the
2374:and the
2366:and the
2358:and the
2143:Ian Agol
1681:35316400
1672:10259176
1595:35414053
1571:(1): 3.
1528:17023659
1473:10545024
1424:21982369
1375:84501488
1367:11823645
1277:29200205
1239:(2018).
1225:27810929
1165:23180847
1111:35496187
1029:16829926
592:resident
461:Research
2500:Special
2462:Special
2442:Special
2368:KamLAND
2330:Special
2254:Special
2208:physics
1793:8953047
1586:9005626
1536:8620103
1508:Bibcode
1500:Science
1465:9749615
1415:3204802
1344:Science
1320:9546347
1311:1858234
1268:5760353
1157:8318230
1103:2483104
606:at the
541:protein
534:neurons
393:Harvard
379:in the
371:at the
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