681:
44:
633:
657:
645:
669:
272:
88:
63:
541:
possible, but a significant seed crop requires two trees. Cones take two complete growing seasons to develop. Pollination takes place 13 months after cone formation begins, and dispersal occurs the following autumn. Unlike some other pines, Virginia pine produces cones in all parts of the canopy.
408:
is red and brown in color, and also has the tendency to be rough with relatively small bark scales. The pollen cones are circular, almost elliptical and are 10–20 millimeters in size. They are the same color as the bark, typically. Seed cones are spread throughout the tree. The mature seed cones
540:
is poorly adapted to fire, but if the tree is larger they are able to survive. Open growth
Virginia pines may begin cone production at only 5 years old. There have been documented cases of trees as young as 18 months beginning to flower. Virginia pine is monecious and some self-pollination is
680:
383:
is endemic to the United States and can be identified by a key characteristic; the relatively short needles are twisted and come in bunches of two. The needles are typically two to eight centimeters in length. There is hair on the bracts and on the bud scales of the
531:
inhabit dry forested areas. The tree occurs in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West
Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Indiana, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware. In locations where the
557:
medicinally for a variety of purposes. Diarrhea, stiffness of the body, colds, fevers, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, and constipation, among others, are all ailments treated with parts of the tree. Cherokee also used it in certain cultural rituals. In burial,
43:
345:
are 4–7 cm long and may persist on the tree for many years, often (though not always) releasing their seeds in the second year. In growth habit, some trees may be inclined with twisted trunks.
617:
is considered a species that is of least concern. It is a species of least concern due to relative commonness as an early successional species. In areas of abandoned farmland in the eastern US,
536:
lives, rainfall is typically between 890 and 1400 millimeters. The average temperatures in the summer are between 21–24 degrees
Celsius and in the winter it is around −4 to 4 degrees Celsius.
1550:
1545:
1271:
597:
was used historically as mine timbers, for railroad ties, and for fuel and tar. Currently, it is being planted as in reclamation sites for coal mining operations.
1323:
1495:
472:
the needles are twisted and straight. The cones open at maturity, are not serotinous and the scales on the cones have prominent prickles. The sheaths of the
697:
1515:
1510:
1505:
330:
is 9–18 m, (18–59 feet) but can grow larger under optimum conditions. The trunk can be as large as 20 inches diameter. This tree prefers well-drained
1387:
1219:
1525:
1284:
1232:
413:
prefers to grow in poor soils and dry loam or clay. They can grow on sandy soil, but this usually causes the tree to be smaller than the average
940:
1408:
788:
1060:
632:
1540:
644:
1028:
87:
1520:
656:
334:
or clay, but will also grow on very poor, sandy soil, where it remains small and stunted. The typical life span is 65 to 90 years.
1258:
1010:
601:
can also be used for wood pulp, which is used to make paper, and for lumber. The wood weighs 32 pounds (14 kg) per foot.
1530:
1289:
668:
562:
branches were burned and the ashes were used for a fire in their homes. Ball players would consume apple juice infused with
368:. Like some other southern yellow pines, Virginia pine lumber case hardens. That is, it becomes very hard over time during
566:
needles "for wind" prior to events. Root infusions from the plant may be used as a stimulant and the needles as a soap.
1020:
1421:
1016:
1328:
1535:
982:
219:
1426:
1206:
1211:
1198:
1136:
1052:
825:
1193:
1074:
962:
428:
is in the family
Pinaceae and the order Pinales. A molecular phylogeny indicates that the sister taxa to
464:
needles are not twisted, but curved, and has cones that are serotinous and unarmed. The leaf sheaths in
315:
246:
203:
1237:
1112:
372:. Wood from Virginia pine is not normally considered to resist rot unless treated with preservatives.
271:
1338:
1157:
1185:
1372:
353:
52:
1315:
744:
1467:
1413:
792:
82:
1276:
1377:
1359:
1144:
987:
958:
338:
187:
1449:
1364:
977:
739:
311:
1302:
1346:
1024:
1400:
1500:
1395:
112:
1489:
1297:
730:
610:
262:
72:
67:
721:
1472:
1149:
434:
886:
1459:
1310:
1245:
1106:
369:
357:
349:
307:
1097:
770:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company (published 1966). p. 55.
1123:
125:
991:
17:
1170:
444:
361:
319:
1439:
963:"The Interaction of Fire, Fuels, and Climate across Rocky Mountain Forests"
1351:
1434:
1091:
342:
165:
1224:
323:
155:
145:
135:
1250:
1131:
365:
1068:
1263:
1175:
1005:
99:
1162:
352:
and provides nourishment for wildlife. Its other main use is on
331:
327:
175:
1072:
855:
715:
713:
400:
are flexible. They will bend when pressure is added to them.
833:
508:
are found on the eastern side of the United States, whereas
337:
The short (4–8 cm), yellow-green needles are paired in
983:
10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0661:tioffa]2.0.co;2
915:
306:, is a medium-sized tree, often found on poorer soils from
492:
has needles that range between 2 and 8 centimeters long.
409:(4–7 cm) are much larger than the pollen cones. The
488:
has needles that are between 5 and 13 centimeters long,
392:
is greater than 2.5 millimeters long. The cones of the
803:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
396:
only open after they are mature. The branches of the
961:; Veblen, Thomas T.; Romme, William H. (July 2004).
512:
are found on the western side. A similarity between
1081:
520:is that the needles of both species are twisted.
360:and yellowish winter color. It also can provide
545:is reportedly naturalized in southern Ontario
404:are between 9 and 18 meters tall. The bark of
745:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42426A2979266.en
8:
880:
878:
876:
1069:
270:
61:
42:
31:
1053:Flora of North America, Profile and map:
981:
743:
783:
781:
779:
777:
456:at 2–3.5 centimeters in length, whereas
1551:Flora of the Southeastern United States
1546:Flora of the Northeastern United States
709:
698:Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
628:
476:are greater than 2.5 millimeters long.
468:are less than 2.5 millimeters long. In
820:
818:
801:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
1339:9be896f0-82c5-4826-9d86-2a0b557a26c4
1496:IUCN Red List least concern species
1029:Australian National Botanic Gardens
885:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
731:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1516:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1511:Endemic flora of the United States
1506:Trees of the Eastern United States
1064:images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
25:
1427:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263413-1
795:Pinus virginiana
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
326:. The usual size range for this
86:
1011:International Plant Names Index
553:Cherokee Native Americans used
1526:Garden plants of North America
460:is 2–8 centimeters in length.
356:, despite having sharp-tipped
1:
766:Grimm, William Carey (1962).
504:are distributed differently:
496:is also serotinous. Lastly,
480:has larger needles than the
1541:Taxa named by Philip Miller
1021:Harvard University Herbaria
686:New growth and pollen cones
613:of Threatened Species, the
1567:
1017:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1521:Trees of Northern America
1006:"IPNI Plant Name Details"
452:has shorter needles than
388:. The leaf sheath of the
278:
269:
252:
245:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
524:Distribution and habitat
348:This pine is useful for
895:The Gymnosperm Database
856:"Home — The Plant List"
341:and are often twisted.
582:is Latin for Pine and
1531:Plants used in bonsai
574:The etymology of the
316:Appalachian Mountains
860:www.theplantlist.org
836:on November 11, 2016
738:: e.T42426A2979266.
621:tends to be common.
354:Christmas tree farms
720:Farjon, A. (2013).
586:means of Virginia.
53:Conservation status
959:Schoennagel, Tania
314:south through the
238:P. virginiana
27:Species of conifer
1483:
1482:
1360:Open Tree of Life
1075:Taxon identifiers
830:herbarium.unc.edu
768:The Book Of Trees
283:
282:
76:
16:(Redirected from
1558:
1536:Ornamental trees
1476:
1475:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1388:pinus-virginiana
1381:
1380:
1378:Pinus virginiana
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1166:
1165:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1139:
1137:pinus-virginiana
1127:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:Pinus virginiana
1102:
1101:
1100:
1083:Pinus virginiana
1070:
1062:Pinus virginiana
1055:Pinus virginiana
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
967:
955:
949:
948:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
920:bioweb.uwlax.edu
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
889:Pinus virginiana
882:
871:
870:
868:
866:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
832:. Archived from
822:
813:
812:
810:
808:
785:
772:
771:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
747:
724:Pinus virginiana
717:
683:
671:
659:
650:Cone and needles
647:
635:
615:Pinus virginiana
599:Pinus virginiana
595:Pinus virginiana
576:Pinus virginiana
543:Pinus virginiana
538:Pinus virginiana
529:Pinus virginiana
514:Pinus virginiana
506:Pinus virginiana
498:Pinus virginiana
430:Pinus virginiana
426:Pinus virginiana
402:Pinus virginiana
398:Pinus virginiana
381:Pinus virginiana
287:Pinus virginiana
274:
258:
256:Pinus virginiana
91:
90:
70:
65:
64:
46:
36:Pinus virginiana
32:
21:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1347:Observation.org
1345:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1077:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1004:
1003:
999:
965:
957:
956:
952:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
914:
913:
909:
899:
897:
884:
883:
874:
864:
862:
854:
853:
849:
839:
837:
826:"UNC Herbarium"
824:
823:
816:
806:
804:
787:
786:
775:
765:
764:
760:
750:
748:
719:
718:
711:
706:
694:
687:
684:
675:
672:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
607:
592:
578:is as follows:
572:
551:
526:
450:Pinus banksiana
445:Pinus banksiana
423:
378:
265:
260:
254:
241:
85:
77:
66:
62:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1473:wfo-0000481611
1464:
1454:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1333:
1320:
1307:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1118:
1103:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1048:
1047:External links
1045:
1042:
1041:
997:
976:(7): 661–676.
950:
932:
907:
872:
847:
814:
773:
758:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
693:
690:
689:
688:
685:
678:
676:
673:
666:
664:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
626:
623:
606:
603:
591:
588:
571:
568:
550:
547:
525:
522:
518:Pinus contorta
510:Pinus contorta
502:Pinus contorta
482:P. virginiana.
440:Pinus contorta
422:
419:
377:
374:
281:
280:
279:Natural range
276:
275:
267:
266:
261:
250:
249:
243:
242:
235:
233:
229:
228:
217:
213:
212:
201:
197:
196:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
79:
78:
60:
57:
56:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1563:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1001:
998:
993:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
964:
960:
954:
951:
946:
942:
941:"BONAP's Map"
936:
933:
921:
917:
916:"BioWeb Home"
911:
908:
896:
892:
890:
881:
879:
877:
873:
861:
857:
851:
848:
835:
831:
827:
821:
819:
815:
802:
798:
796:
790:
784:
782:
780:
778:
774:
769:
762:
759:
746:
741:
737:
733:
732:
727:
725:
716:
714:
710:
703:
699:
696:
695:
691:
682:
677:
670:
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
624:
622:
620:
619:P. virginiana
616:
612:
611:IUCN Red List
604:
602:
600:
596:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
569:
567:
565:
564:P. virginiana
561:
560:P. virginiana
556:
555:P. virginiana
548:
546:
544:
539:
535:
534:P. virginiana
530:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:P. virginiana
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:P. virginiana
471:
470:P. virginiana
467:
463:
459:
458:P. virginiana
455:
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
420:
418:
416:
415:P. virginiana
412:
411:P. virginiana
407:
406:P. virginiana
403:
399:
395:
394:P. virginiana
391:
390:P. virginiana
387:
386:P. virginiana
382:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Virginia pine
289:
288:
277:
273:
268:
264:
259:
257:
251:
248:
247:Binomial name
244:
240:
239:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
222:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:Tracheophytes
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
74:
69:
68:Least Concern
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Virginia Pine
1082:
1061:
1054:
1032:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
973:
969:
953:
944:
935:
923:. Retrieved
919:
910:
898:. Retrieved
894:
888:
863:. Retrieved
859:
850:
838:. Retrieved
834:the original
829:
805:. Retrieved
800:
794:
767:
761:
751:November 12,
749:. Retrieved
735:
729:
723:
674:Bark closeup
638:Cone closeup
618:
614:
608:
605:Conservation
598:
594:
593:
583:
579:
575:
573:
563:
559:
554:
552:
542:
537:
533:
528:
527:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
494:Pinus clausa
493:
489:
486:Pinus clausa
485:
481:
478:Pinus clausa
477:
473:
469:
466:P. banksiana
465:
462:P. banksiana
461:
457:
454:P. viginiana
453:
449:
443:
439:
435:Pinus clausa
433:
429:
425:
424:
414:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
379:
347:
336:
310:in southern
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
285:
284:
255:
253:
237:
236:
224:
220:
216:Subsection:
208:
204:
192:
188:
176:
126:Gymnospermae
119:
106:
35:
29:
1401:kew-2562256
1311:NatureServe
1246:iNaturalist
1107:Wikispecies
1034:December 6,
925:December 6,
900:December 6,
865:December 6,
840:December 6,
807:December 6,
549:Ethnobotany
376:Description
370:wood drying
350:reforesting
318:to western
308:Long Island
304:possum pine
300:Jersey pine
1490:Categories
1396:Plant List
970:BioScience
789:USDA, NRCS
704:References
584:virginiana
296:scrub pine
184:Subgenus:
132:Division:
1212:200005370
1199:200005370
1025:Libraries
992:0006-3568
945:bonap.net
570:Etymology
362:wood pulp
343:Pinecones
339:fascicles
320:Tennessee
232:Species:
225:Contortae
223:subsect.
209:Trifoliae
200:Section:
146:Pinopsida
136:Pinophyta
96:Kingdom:
1457:VASCAN:
1440:24900223
1435:Tropicos
1316:2.147027
1277:11260433
1264:263413-1
1098:Q3505749
1092:Wikidata
791:(n.d.).
692:See also
421:Taxonomy
312:New York
166:Pinaceae
162:Family:
73:IUCN 3.1
1225:5285091
1163:1033063
625:Gallery
609:On the
358:needles
324:Alabama
172:Genus:
156:Pinales
152:Order:
142:Class:
100:Plantae
71: (
1450:468917
1447:uBio:
1409:PLANTS
1365:263433
1352:150046
1336:NZOR:
1290:183394
1186:pinvir
1183:FEIS:
1132:ARKive
1023:&
1013:(IPNI)
990:
442:, and
366:lumber
290:, the
207:sect.
191:subg.
1501:Pinus
1414:PIVI2
1385:PPE:
1329:71654
1303:42426
1272:IRMNG
1251:49395
1238:28568
1176:PIUVI
1150:4J2KR
1121:APA:
966:(PDF)
580:Pinus
263:Mill.
193:Pinus
177:Pinus
120:Clade
107:Clade
1460:7197
1422:POWO
1373:PfaF
1324:NCBI
1298:IUCN
1285:ITIS
1259:IPNI
1233:GRIN
1220:GBIF
1171:EPPO
1036:2016
988:ISSN
927:2016
902:2016
867:2016
842:2016
809:2016
753:2021
736:2013
662:Bark
590:Uses
516:and
500:and
484:The
432:are
364:and
332:loam
328:pine
322:and
1468:WFO
1207:FoC
1194:FNA
1158:EoL
1145:CoL
1124:217
978:doi
740:doi
1492::
1470::
1437::
1424::
1411::
1398::
1375::
1362::
1349::
1326::
1313::
1300::
1287::
1274::
1261::
1248::
1235::
1222::
1209::
1196::
1173::
1160::
1147::
1134::
1109::
1094::
1027:;
1019:;
1015:.
1008:.
986:.
974:54
972:.
968:.
943:.
918:.
893:.
875:^
858:.
828:.
817:^
799:.
776:^
734:.
728:.
712:^
448:.
438:,
417:.
302:,
298:,
294:,
221:P.
205:P.
189:P.
122::
109::
1038:.
994:.
980::
947:.
929:.
904:.
891:"
887:"
869:.
844:.
811:.
797:"
793:"
755:.
742::
726:"
722:"
75:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
