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a 3D hardware accelerator attached. Thus, VirtualGL prevents GLX commands from being sent over the network to the user's X display or to a virtual X display ("X proxy"), such as VNC, that does not support GLX. In the process of rewriting the GLX calls, VirtualGL also redirects the OpenGL rendering into off-screen pixel buffers ("Pbuffers.") Meanwhile, the rest of the function calls from the application, including the ordinary X11 commands used to draw the application's user interface, are allowed to pass through
VirtualGL without modification.
310:. Many OpenGL applications, however, do not meet these criteria. To further complicate matters, some OpenGL extensions do not work in an indirect rendering environment. Some of these extensions require the ability to directly access the 3D graphics hardware and thus can never be made to work indirectly. In other cases, the user's X display may not provide explicit support for a needed OpenGL extension, or the extension may rely on a specific hardware configuration that is not present on the user's desktop machine.
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few inter-frame differences. 3D applications, on the other hand, generate images with fine-grained, complex color patterns and much less correlation between subsequent frames. The workload generated by drawing rendered images from an OpenGL application into an X window is essentially the same workload as a video player, and off-the-shelf thin client software typically lacks sufficiently fast image
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essentially, once the OpenGL context is established on the application server's X display, VirtualGL gets out of the way and allows all subsequent OpenGL commands to pass through unimpeded to the application server's 3D hardware. Thus, the application can automatically use whatever OpenGL features and extensions are provided by the application server's hardware and drivers.
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inherently support collaboration (multiple clients per session), since the images are being pushed to the users' machines rather than being pulled. But the use of the VGL Transport does provide a completely seamless application experience, whereby every application window corresponds to a single desktop window. The VGL Transport also reduces the server
351:) and then draws those pixels into application's X window using standard X image drawing commands. Since VirtualGL is redirecting the GLX commands away from the 2D X Server, it can be used to add accelerated 3D support to X proxies (such as VNC) as well as to prevent indirect OpenGL rendering from occurring when using a remote X display.
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the client. Images can be delivered at the same frame rate regardless of how big the 3D data was that was used to generate them, so performing 3D rendering on the application server effectively converts the 3D performance problem into a 2D performance problem. The problem then becomes how to stream 1-2
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When using the VGL Transport, the 3D rendering occurs on the application server, but the 2D rendering occurs on the client machine. VirtualGL compresses the rendered images from the 3D application and sends them as a video stream to the client, which decompresses and displays the video stream in real
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networks it can display more than 50 Megapixels/second with perceptually lossless image quality. TurboVNC includes further optimizations that allow it to display 10–12 Megapixels/second over a 5 Megabit broadband link, with noticeably less but usable image quality. TurboVNC also extends TightVNC to
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VirtualGL uses "GLX forking" to perform OpenGL rendering on the application server. Unix and Linux OpenGL applications normally send both GLX commands and ordinary X11 commands to the same X display. The GLX commands are used to bind OpenGL rendering contexts to a particular X window, obtain a list
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and ship them from an application to an X display. Traditionally, the application runs on a remotely located application server, and the X display runs on the user's desktop. In this scenario, all of the OpenGL commands are executed by the user's desktop machine, so that machine must have a fast 3D
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When using the VGL Transport, VirtualGL compresses the rendered 3D images in process using the same optimized JPEG codec that TurboVNC uses. VirtualGL then sends the compressed images over a dedicated TCP socket to a
VirtualGL Client application running on the client machine. The VirtualGL Client is
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Using
VirtualGL in concert with VNC or another X proxy allows multiple users to simultaneously run 3D applications on a single application server and multiple clients to share each session. However, VNC and its ilk are tuned to handle 2D applications with large areas of solid color, few colors, and
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When using the X11 Transport with an X proxy, both the 3D and 2D rendering occur on the application server. VirtualGL reroutes the 3D commands from the application to the 3D accelerator hardware, reads back the rendered images, and draws them as a series of uncompressed bitmaps into the X proxy (VNC
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with which it is linked. Once
VirtualGL is preloaded into a Unix or Linux OpenGL application, it intercepts the GLX function calls from the application and rewrites them such that the corresponding GLX commands are sent to the application server's X display (the "3D X Server"), which presumably has
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Performing OpenGL rendering on the application server circumvents the issues introduced by indirect rendering, since the application now has a fast and direct path to the 3D rendering hardware. If the 3D rendering occurs on the application server, then only the resulting 2D images must be sent to
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This approach requires that an X display be present on the client machine, and the reliance upon the remote X11 protocol for performing 2D rendering means that many applications will perform poorly when using the VGL Transport on high-latency networks. Additionally, the VGL Transport does not
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Internally, VirtualGL's interposer engine also maintains a map of windows to
Pbuffers, matches visual attributes between the destination X display (the "2D X Server") and the 3D X Server, and performs a variety of other hashing functions to assure that the GLX redirection is seamless. But
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of pixel formats that the X display supports, etc. VirtualGL takes advantage of a feature in Unix and Linux that allows one to "preload" a library into an application, effectively intercepting (AKA "interposing") certain function calls that the application would normally make to
259:(VNC) server. In case of an X11 connection some client-side VirtualGL software is also needed to receive the rendered graphics output separately from the X11 stream. In case of a VNC connection no specific client-side software is needed other than the VNC client itself.
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responsible for decompressing the images and drawing the pixels into the appropriate X window. Meanwhile, the non-OpenGL elements of the application's display are sent over the network using the standard remote X11 protocol and rendered on the client machine.
251:) client located elsewhere on the network. On the server side, VirtualGL consists of a library that handles the redirection and a wrapper program that instructs applications to use this library. Clients can connect to the server either using a
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or a similar system.) Meanwhile, the 2D drawing commands (X11 commands) from the application are sent to the X proxy directly. The X proxy is solely responsible for compressing the images and sending them to remote clients.
498:, providing resource management and scheduling for remote 3D jobs. The combination of these packages, dubbed "Sun Shared Visualization", was available as a free download. Sun charged for support.
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and other features targeted at 3D applications, such as the ability to send a lossless copy of the screen image during periods of inactivity. TurboVNC and
VirtualGL are used by the
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The performance of OpenGL applications can be greatly improved by rendering the graphics on dedicated hardware accelerators that are typically present in a
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includes components that integrate with
VirtualGL and TurboVNC, allowing 3D jobs to be scheduled on and remotely displayed from a visualization cluster.
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Remotely displaying 3D applications with hardware acceleration has traditionally required the use of "indirect rendering." Indirect rendering uses the
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Apart from marshaling GLX commands and managing
Pbuffers, VirtualGL also reads back the rendered pixels at the appropriate time (usually by monitoring
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TigerVNC is a more recent fork of TightVNC that provides similar performance to TurboVNC in most cases but has different project goals and features.
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and other thin client environments for Unix and Linux do not have access to such hardware on the server side. Therefore they either do not support
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load, since the 2D rendering is occurring on the client, and the VGL Transport allows advanced OpenGL features, such as
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applications at all or resort to slower methods such as rendering on the client or in software on the server.
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v4.x.x of NoMachine supports
VirtualGL to allow users to run 3D applications in NoMachine desktop sessions.
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of image data over a network at interactive frame rates, but commodity technologies (
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Views supports VirtualGL as one of the remote protocol options.
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use code from VirtualGL to implement server-side rendering.
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plugin that allowed VirtualGL to send compressed images to
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TurboVNC was developed by the same team as VirtualGL. On
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v2.1 of the Scalable Visualization Array software from
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The Exceed onDemand and Exceed Freedom products from
695:"Enabling VirtualGL support in NoMachine 4 or later"
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743:"ThinLinc Administrator's Guide for ThinLinc 4.5.0"
515:is designed to work in conjunction with VirtualGL.
478:VirtualGL and TurboVNC were core components of the
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
371:VirtualGL works around this problem in two ways:
796:. Kb.berkeley.edu. June 12, 2012. Archived from
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322:, to name one) already address this problem.
8:
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791:"Open Text Exceed User's Guide, Version 14"
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156:2.6.90 (3.0 beta1) / June 16, 2021
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
631:. Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC)
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7:
547:Free and open-source software portal
44:adding citations to reliable sources
767:. Nice-software.com. Archived from
585:"A Brief Introduction to VirtualGL"
474:Commercial products using VirtualGL
1003:X Display Manager Control Protocol
717:"High Performance Computing (HPC)"
607:"A Brief Introduction to TurboVNC"
14:
1548:Desktop environments (comparison)
859:"User's Guide for TurboVNC 2.0.1"
134:2.6.5 / November 18, 2020
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843:"User's Guide for VirtualGL 2.5"
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255:or using an X11 proxy such as a
199:(GPL), wxWindows Library Licence
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417:Texas Advanced Computing Center
31:needs additional citations for
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421:University of Texas at Austin
1013:X-Video Motion Compensation
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1568:Official VirtualGL website
197:GNU General Public License
1593:Official TurboVNC website
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257:Virtual Network Computing
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719:. Hp.com. Archived from
480:Sun Visualization System
399:-accelerated version of
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998:Shared memory extension
675:. The VirtualGL Project
1626:Free windowing systems
933:X Window authorization
827:"VirtualGL Background"
765:"Remote Visualization"
673:"What About TigerVNC?"
447:
360:
988:X Rendering Extension
629:"Stampede User Guide"
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383:TurboVNC and TigerVNC
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253:remote X11 connection
158:; 3 years ago
136:; 3 years ago
1160:X Toolkit Intrinsics
978:X keyboard extension
461:quad-buffered stereo
411:include client-side
408:100 Megabit Ethernet
326:VirtualGL's solution
40:improve this article
1038:Composite Extension
292:X11 protocol stream
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1033:Display PostScript
928:X Window selection
820:General references
771:on 7 December 2010
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423:to allow users of
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1008:X video extension
973:X Image Extension
391:are offshoots of
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286:extension to the
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1511:Applications
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1054:and notable
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651:"VirtualGL"
635:29 February
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230:open-source
55:"VirtualGL"
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1233:comparison
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211:.virtualgl
176:Written in
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1079:Cygwin/X
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948:Wayland
657:25 June
492:Sun Ray
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263:Problem
204:Website
192:License
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1631:OpenGL
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801:(PDF)
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446:time.
238:Linux
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213:.org
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