Flanders - Knowledge

1312: 1701: 1771: 2583: 3611: 3550: 6428: 3180: 169: 2079:, "Black" during the war) were prosecuted and punished, among them many Flemish nationalists whose main political goal had been the emancipation of Flanders. As a result, until today Flemish nationalism is often associated with right-wing. Flemish nationalism is however a direct consequence of the events of the years prior to the first World War, in which many were oppressed by the French speaking majority. This ultimately gave way to a rising feeling of cultural autonomy and even a sense of a nationalism. 2004: 2529: 2902: 224: 1562: 2309: 3677:

as one of the main reasons for the high overall quality of the Flemish education. However, the importance of a school's reputation also makes schools more eager to expel pupils that don't perform well. Resulting in the ethnic differences and the well-known waterfall system: pupils start high in the perceived hierarchy, and then drop towards more professional oriented directions or "easier" schools when they can't handle the pressure any longer.

6239: 2955: 1685:. Spanish troops quickly started fighting the rebels, and the Spanish armies conquered the important trading cities of Bruges and Ghent. Antwerp, which was then the most important port in the world, also had to be conquered. But before the revolt was defeated, a war between Spain and England broke out, forcing Spanish troops to halt their advance. On 17 August 1585, Antwerp fell. This ended the Eighty Years' War for the (from now on) 3277: 3074: 129: 3657:. The VSKO determines most practicalities for schools, like the advised schedules per study field. However, there's freedom of education in Flanders, which doesn't only mean that every pupil can choose his/her preferred school, but also that every organisation can found a school, and even be subsidised when abiding the different rules. This resulted also in some smaller school systems follow 'methodical pedagogies' (e.g. 117: 3025: 6282: 6714: 4219: 2844: 6726: 2217: 3783:) as official Dutch, though the Dutch Language Union never accepted it as standard Dutch. Other proposals by purists were sometimes accepted, and sometimes reverted again in later spelling revisions. As language purists were quite often professionally involved in language (e.g. as a teacher), these unofficial purist translations are found more often in Belgian Dutch texts. 1911:). The nobility, mainly coming from the south, became more and more estranged from their northern colleagues. Resentment grew between the Roman Catholics from the south and the Protestants from the north, and also between the powerful liberal bourgeoisie from the south and their more moderate colleagues from the north. On 25 August 1830 (after the showing of the opera ' 3646:

prove that certain minimal terms are achieved by keeping records of the given lessons and exams. It should however be noted that—at least for the Catholic schools—the religious authorities have very limited power over these schools, neither do the schools have a lot of power on their own. Instead, the Catholic schools are a member of the Catholic umbrella organisation

6227: 865:, but this occurred mainly in French-speaking Wallonia. In the second half of the 20th century, and due to massive national investments in port infrastructure, Flanders' economy modernised rapidly, and today Flanders and Brussels are much wealthier than Wallonia, being among the wealthiest regions in Europe and the world. In accordance with late 20th century 3285: 3637:. Flanders also scores very high in international comparative studies on education. Its secondary school students consistently rank among the top three for mathematics and science. However, the success is not evenly spread: ethnic minority youth score consistently lower, and the difference is larger than in most comparable countries. 1347:. The region developed as a medieval economic power with a large degree of political autonomy. While its trading cities remained strong, it was weakened and divided when districts fell under direct French royal rule in the late 12th century. The remaining parts of Flanders came under the rule of the counts of neighbouring imperial 3585:, about 47 percent of the Belgian population identify themselves as belonging to the Catholic Church, while Islam is the second-largest religion at 3.5 percent. A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, considered more religious than Wallonia, showed that 55% considered themselves religious, and 36% believed that God created the world. 4594:

Regardless of nationality, according to Belgian Law, obligatory education in schools located in the Flemish Region are in the Dutch language. In Brussels, teaching is also done in French. The determination of statistical samples and interpretation of publicized figures can easily lead to false assumptions or conclusions.

3907:. Their novels mostly describe rural life in Flanders in the 19th century and at beginning of the 20th. Widely read by the older generations, they are considered somewhat old-fashioned by present-day critics. Some famous Flemish writers of the early 20th century wrote in French, including Nobel Prize winners (1911) 3230:, community centres for the Flemish community in Brussels). These institutions are independent from the educational, cultural and social institutions that depend directly on the Flemish Government. They exert, among others, all those cultural competences that outside Brussels fall under the provinces. 4000:

French is declining. Flemish pupils are also obligated to follow English lessons as their third language. Normally from the second secondary year (around 14 years old), but the ubiquity of English in movies, music, IT and even advertisements makes it easier to learn and maintain the English language.

3999:

Many Flemings are also able to speak French, children in Flanders generally get their first French lessons in the 5th primary year (normally around 10 years). But the current lack of French outside the educational context makes it hard to maintain a decent level of French. As such, the proficiency of

3645:

religious—mostly Catholic—branch. For the subsidised schools, the main costs such as the teacher's wages and building maintenance completely borne by the Flemish government. Subsidised schools are also free to determine their own teaching and examination methods, but in exchange, they must be able to

2288:

The area of the Flemish Region is represented on the maps above. It has a population of more than 6 million (excluding the Dutch-speaking community in the Brussels Region, grey on the map for it is not a part of the Flemish Region). Roughly, the Flemish Region is responsible for territorial issues in

1786:, Flanders lost its former economic and intellectual power under Spanish, Austrian, and French rule. Heavy taxation and rigid imperial political control compounded the effects of industrial stagnation and Spanish-Dutch and Franco-Austrian conflict. The Southern Netherlands suffered severely under the 3358:

The Flemish economy is strongly export-oriented, in particular of high value-added goods. The main imports are food products, machinery, rough diamonds, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, clothing and accessories, and textiles. The main exports are automobiles, food and food products, iron

3676:

The big freedom given to schools results in a constant competition to be the "best" school. The schools get certain reputations amongst parents and employers. So it's important for schools to be the best school since the subsidies depend on the number of pupils. This competition has been pinpointed

773:

to the south. Despite accounting for only 45% of Belgium's territory, more than half the population lives there – 6,821,770 (or 58%) out of 11,763,650 Belgian inhabitants, as of January 2024. Much of Flanders is agriculturally fertile and densely populated at 501/km (1,300/sq mi). The Brussels

2540:

For some inhabitants, Flanders is more than just a geographical area or the federal institutions (Flemish Community and Region). Supporters of the Flemish Movement even call it a nation and pursue Flemish independence, but most people (approximately 75%) living in Flanders say they are proud to be

3768:

The biggest difference between Belgian Dutch and Dutch used in the Netherlands is in the pronunciation of words. The Dutch spoken in the north of the Netherlands is typically described as being "sharper", while Belgian Dutch is "softer". In Belgian Dutch, there are also fewer vowels pronounced as

4593:

with Flemish locals but their accent is enough to immediately distinguish them. The majority of immigrants from certain other countries had belonged to a minority or disadvantaged group there. Children born in Belgium from residents of foreign nationality very often acquired Belgian citizenship.

1065:

The term "Flemish" came to be a term for the language Dutch, and during the 19th and 20th centuries, it became increasingly common to refer exclusively to the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium as "Flanders". Belgium divided itself into official French- and Dutch-speaking parts starting in the early

5641:

Inquiry by 'Vepec', 'Vereniging voor Promotie en Communicatie' (Organisation for Promotion and Communication), published in Knack magazine 22 November 2006 p. 14 [The Dutch language term 'gelovig' is in the text translated as 'religious', more precisely it is a very common word for believing in

4588:

The relation between nationality, genetic ethnicity, native and mainly spoken language(s) (within a group of same ethnicity and age, in presence of elders, in ethnically mixed groups), and minority group identification, can be complex: Dutch nationals constituting one of the largest groups of

1081:

The ambiguity between this wider cultural area and that of the county or province still remains in discussions about the region. In most present-day contexts however, the term Flanders is taken to refer to either the political, social, cultural, and linguistic community (and the corresponding

2331:

share the same parliament and the same government. All these institutions are based in Brussels. Nevertheless, both types of subdivisions (the Community and the Region) still exist legally and the distinction between both is important for the people living in Brussels. Members of the Flemish

2075:, several right-wing fascist and/or national-socialistic parties emerged in Belgium. Since these parties were promised more rights for the Flemings by the German government during World War II, many of them collaborated with the Nazi regime. After the war, collaborators (or people who were 2285:, and the use of the language. Extensions to personal matters less directly associated with language comprise sports, health policy (curative and preventive medicine), and assistance to individuals (protection of youth, social welfare, aid to families, immigrant assistance services, etc.) 2289:

a broad sense, including economy, employment, agriculture, water policy, housing, public works, energy, transport, the environment, town and country planning, nature conservation, credit, and foreign trade. It supervises the provinces, municipalities, and intercommunal utility companies.

1101:

are commonly used to designate all the artistic production in this area before about 1580, after which it refers specifically to the southern Netherlands. For example, the term "Flemish Primitives", now outdated in English but used in French, Dutch and other languages, is a synonym for

3773:. When it comes to spelling, Belgian Dutch language purists historically avoided writing words using a French spelling, or searched for specific translations of words derived from French, while the Dutch often retain the French spelling. For example, the Dutch word "punaise" (English: 1724:), before being stopped by Spanish troops. The front at the end of this war stabilized and became the border between present-day Belgium and the Netherlands. The Dutch (as they later became known) had managed to reclaim enough of Spanish-controlled Flanders to close off the river 1032:

However, the term came to be used for a bigger territory, and this is critical to the evolution of modern terminology. Once the Counts of Flanders (who were also Dukes of Burgundy) expanded their regional power to create the bigger entity, now referred to by historians as the

4575:

The altitude of Mechelen, approximately in the middle of the central plain forming the large part of Flanders, is 7 m (23 ft) above sea level. Already closer to the higher southern Wallonia, the more eastern Leuven and Hasselt reach altitudes up to about 40 m

2304:

and published in June 2006, 51% of respondents from Brussels claimed to be bilingual, even if they do not have Dutch as their first language. They are governed by the Brussels Region for economics affairs and by the Flemish Community for educational and cultural issues.

1243:, and the modern Flemish provinces of East and West Flanders (Menapii), Brabant and Antwerp (the northern Nervii), and Belgian Limburg (part of the Tungri). Brabant appears to have been separated from the Tungri by a relatively unpopulated forest area, the 3596:. More recently, Muslims have immigrated to Flanders, now forming the largest minority religion with about 3.9% in the Flemish Region and 25% in Brussels. The largest Muslim group is Moroccan in origin, while the second largest is Turkish in origin. 3640:

Mirroring the historical political conflicts between the secular and Catholic segments of the population, the Flemish educational system is split into a secular branch controlled by the communities, the provinces, or the municipalities, and a

3731: 3311:, in the 19th century. Initially, the modernization relied heavily on food processing and textile. However, by the 1840s the textile industry of Flanders was in severe crisis and there was famine in Flanders (1846–50). After World War II, 1315:

A Flemish lady and gentleman in the year 1400, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

168: 1127:

in Antwerp for centuries. Regardless of nationality or linguistic background, according to Belgian Law education in schools located in the Flemish Region must be mainly in the Dutch language. In Brussels, teaching is also done in French.

2201:

However, sociological studies show no parallel between the rise of nationalist parties and popular support for their agenda. Instead, a recent study revealed a majority in favour of returning regional competences to the federal level.

832:

and expanded from there. This county also still corresponds roughly with the modern-day Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders, along with neighbouring parts of France and the Netherlands. In this period, cities such as

3172:, which have an elected council and a college. While any municipality with more than 100,000 inhabitants can establish districts, only Antwerp did this so far. The smallest municipality (also both in terms of population and area) is 5116: 5086: 2728:

basin starts the central plain, a smooth, slowly rising fertile area irrigated by many waterways that reaches an average height of about five metres (16 feet) above sea level with wide valleys of its rivers upstream as well as the

2549:. Mostly students claim to be proud of their nationality, with 90% of them saying so. Of the people older than 55, 31% claim to be proud of being a Belgian. Particular opposition to secession comes from women, people employed in 3988:, French is the only official language and now the native language of the majority of the population, but there is still a minority of Dutch-speakers living there. French is also the primary language in the officially bilingual 3378:

plant is the largest BASF-base outside Germany, and accounts on its own for about 2% of Belgian exports. Other industrial and service activities in Antwerp include car manufacturing, telecommunications, photographic products.

2032:

The war strengthened Flemish identity and consciousness. The occupying German authorities took several Flemish-friendly measures. The resulting suffering of the war is remembered by Flemish organizations during the yearly

3331:

sent the economy into a recession. The steel industry remained in relatively good shape. In the 1980s and 90s, the economic centre of Belgium continued to shift further to Flanders and is now concentrated in the populous

1378:

of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a sophisticated culture developed, with impressive art and architecture, rivaling those of northern Italy. Ghent, Bruges, Ypres and the

1179:

became an administrative province. The future counties of Flanders and Brabant remained part of this province connected to what is now France, but in the east modern Limburg became part of the Rhine frontier province of

2254:, as the Community legally absorbed the competences of the Region. The parliament is a directly elected legislative body composed of 124 representatives. The government consists of up to 11 members and is presided by a 6761: 4532:

Although this original meaning is still relevant, in modern times the term "Flanders" came to refer to a larger area, and is used to refer to the entire Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, stretching all the way to the

4856:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 3250:; the average temperature is 3 °C (37 °F) in January, and 21 °C (70 °F) in July; the average precipitation is 65 millimetres (2.6 inches) in January, and 78 millimetres (3.1 inches) in July). 2347:

along the borders with French-speaking Wallonia, and a large recognition in the bilingual Brussels Region. French is widely known in Flanders, with 59% claiming to know French according to a survey conducted by

3672:

During the school year 2003–2004, 68.30% of the total population of children between the ages of six and 18 went to subsidized private schools (both religious schools or 'methodical pedagogies' schools).

1991:

In 1873, Dutch became an official language in public secondary schools. In 1898, Dutch and French were declared equal languages in laws and Royal orders. In 1930, the first Flemish university was opened.

1553:

by 1560. Antwerp was the richest city in Europe at this time. According to Luc-Normand Tellier "It is estimated that the port of Antwerp was earning the Spanish crown seven times more revenues than the

853:

of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a very sophisticated culture developed, with impressive achievements in the arts and architecture, rivaling those of

5805: 1585:

cloister (founded 1514) in the St. Andries quarter. Luther, an Augustinian himself, had taught some of the monks, and his works were in print by 1518. The first Lutheran martyrs came from Antwerp. The

689: 3761:), comprising a committee of ministers of the Flemish and Dutch governments, their advisory council of appointed experts, a controlling commission of 22 parliamentarians, and a secretariate. The term 2281:(hatched on the relevant map). Roughly, the Flemish Community exercises competences originally oriented towards the individuals of the Community's language: culture (including audiovisual media), 2296:

in the Capital Region is estimated to be between 11% and 15% (official figures do not exist as there is no language census and no official subnationality). According to a survey conducted by the

1057:, which were the successors of the Burgundian state, and also predecessors of modern Belgium. The restriction of the term Flanders to the Germanic speaking part of the population occurred later. 5959:"Inleiding tot een proefschrift over de activistische tegentraditie in de Vlaamse letteren ('Introduction to a dissertation on the activist tradition in Flemish literature') (descriptive title)" 5317:. Ministry of the Flemish Community, department Environment and Infrastructure (Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium, Flanders Hydraulics Research, Administratie Waterwegen en Zeewezen). Archived from 5334:

Flanders is covered by the three major catchment basins (Yser, Scheldt and Meuse). This rather lowlying nearly flat region (2 to 150 m (6.6 to 492.1 ft)altitude above sea-level) ...

5124: 5094: 1900:. William I started rapid industrialisation of the southern parts of the Kingdom. But the political system failed to forge a true union between the north and south. Most of the southern 1225:

which covered both French- and Dutch-speaking parts of eastern Belgium. The Tungri were understood to have links to Germanic tribes east of the Rhine. Another notable group were the

3630: 3210: 902:. For most purposes this is considered to include the 6.5 million Belgians (approximately 60%) who consider Dutch to be their mother tongue, including many people living in the 718:, which can also refer to the collective of Dutch dialects spoken in that area, or more generally the Belgian variant of Standard Dutch. The official capital of Flanders is the 5556: 4855: 706:. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics, and history, and sometimes involving neighbouring countries. The 297: 4615: 6042: 3535:

to the east. On 1 January 2015, the Flemish Region had a population of 6,444,127 and about 15% of the 1,175,173 people in the Brussels Region are also considered Flemish.

2211: 2114: 703: 104: 3359:

and steel, finished diamonds, textiles, plastics, petroleum products, and non-ferrous metals. Since 1922, Belgium and Luxembourg have been a single trade market within a

1406:

and Flanders indirectly remained part of the French Crown. Flemish prosperity waned in the following century, due to widespread European population decline following the

881:). These entities were merged, although geographically the Flemish Community, which has a broader cultural mandate, covers Brussels, whereas the Flemish Region does not. 158: 2780: 5512: 3969:

At the creation of the Belgian state, French was the only official language. Historically Flanders was a Dutch-speaking region. For a long period, French was used as a

2195: 1889: 1666: 1969:

of 1839, but deprived of the eastern half of Limburg (now Dutch Limburg), and the Eastern half of Luxembourg (now the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg). Sovereignty over

2733:

region to the east having sandy soils at altitudes around thirty metres. Near its southern edges close to Wallonia one can find slightly rougher land, richer in

2106: 1037:, "Flanders", along with Latin "Belgium", were the first two common names to describe this regional block. With the breakaway of the northern Netherlands in the 3045: 1943:. Flanders now became part of the Kingdom of Belgium, which was recognized by the major European Powers on 20 January 1831. The cessation was recognized by the 1233:

region, in the northern parts of both the Nervian and Tungrian districts, probably stretching into the modern Netherlands. The Roman administrative districts (

5809: 5311: 6530: 5620: 4015: 3884:

and Flemish literature, often perceived politically, is also made on intrinsic grounds by some experts such as Kris Humbeeck, professor of literature at the

3387: 2802: 2774: 898:

The "Flemish community" or "Flemish nation", i.e. the social, cultural and linguistic, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the

5694: 186: 6200: 1747:. The Flemish exiles helped to rapidly transform Amsterdam into one of the world's most important ports. This is why the exodus is sometimes described as " 5346:

Myriam Dumortier; Luc De Bruyn; Maarten Hens; Johan Peymen; Anik Schneiders; Toon Van Daele; Wouter Van Reeth; Gisèle Weyembergh; Eckhart Kuijken (2006).

2183: 3304:

was 20% above the EU average. Flemish productivity per capita is about 13% higher than that in Wallonia, and wages are about 7% higher than in Wallonia.

2593:

Flanders shares its borders with Wallonia in the south, Brussels being an enclave within the Flemish Region. The rest of the border is shared with the

1739:

caused considerable emigration. Many Calvinist merchants of Antwerp and other Flemish cities left Flanders and migrated north. Many of them settled in

6270: 4735: 1311: 5004: 2553:, the highest social classes and people from big families. Strongest of all opposing the notion are housekeepers—both housewives and house husbands. 1682: 726:

that includes it has an independent regional government. The powers of the government of Flanders consist, among others, of economic affairs in the

157: 5263: 6144: 5844: 3978: 3974: 3574: 3470: 2344: 1700: 2155: 2092: 1273:

As Roman influence waned, Frankish populations settled in the Tungiran area east of the Silva Carbonaria, and eventually pushed through it under

4769: 3973:

and, like elsewhere in Europe, commonly spoken among the aristocracy. There is still a French-speaking minority in Flanders, especially in the

6101: 5382:

The altitude ranges from a few meters above sea-level in the Polders to 288 m (945 ft) above sea-level in the south eastern exclave.

3368: 2242:

are constitutional institutions of the Kingdom of Belgium, exercising certain powers within their jurisdiction, granted following a series of

6076: 5925: 3205:. Brussels, an enclave within the province of Flemish Brabant, is not divided into any province nor is it part of any. It coincides with the 1712:

During the war with England, the rebels from the north, strengthened by refugees from the south, started a campaign to reclaim areas lost to

4230:

Association football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo.

1844:. Obligatory (French) army service for all men aged 16–25 years was a main reason for the uprising against the French in 1798, known as the 1677:, which meant that they would accept the Spanish government on condition of more freedom. But the northern part of the provinces signed the 5921: 5840: 3049: 2646: 2271: 2101:

After World War II, the differences between Dutch-speaking and French-speaking Belgians became clear in a number of conflicts, such as the

1555: 1977:

river delta, was left with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which was allowed to levy a toll on all traffic to Antwerp harbour until 1863.

6427: 5882: 5478: 4935: 3779:) is derived directly from the French language. Belgian Dutch language purists have lobbied to accept the word "duimspijker" (literally: 4974: 3466: 3447: 2387: 2349: 2297: 2178:, where CD&V and N-VA were the clear winners in Flanders, and N-VA became even the largest party in Flanders and Belgium during the 1770: 1123:

Within this Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, French has never ceased to be spoken by some citizens, and Jewish groups have been speaking

2582: 2105:, the question whether King Leopold III should return (which most Flemings supported but Walloons did not) and the use of Dutch in the 6681: 5961:(in Dutch). Mededelingen van het Centrum voor Documentatie & Reëvaluatie (a republishing Blog about French and Dutch Literature). 3374:

Antwerp is the number one diamond market in the world, diamond exports account for roughly 1/10 of Belgian exports. The Antwerp-based

3267: 3206: 5962: 5749: 2391: 6178:

Demets, Lisa, Jan Dumolyn, and Els De Paermentier. "Political ideology and the rewriting of history in fifteenth-century Flanders."

5876: 5360: 4948: 3573:

movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics, since the 20th century in Flanders mainly via the Christian trade union

3340: 1944: 1924: 1581:

traders found appeal, perhaps partly for economic reasons. The spread of Protestantism in this city was aided by the presence of an

1066:'60s. Today Flanders extends over the northern part of Belgium, including not only the Dutch-speaking Belgian parts of the medieval 369: 5560: 5538: 5394: 2737:, with low hills reaching up to 150 m (490 ft) and small valleys, and at the eastern border with the Netherlands, in the 3243: 2720:. Polders are areas of land, close to or below sea level that have been reclaimed from the sea, from which they are protected by 2397:

However, during the last half century, many new political parties were founded in Flanders. One of the first was the nationalist

2383: 2175: 1473: 1221:, whose territory corresponded to medieval Brabant as well as French-speaking Hainaut. In the east was the large district of the 6031: 3549: 1483:

The County of Loon, approximately the modern Flemish province of Limburg, remained independent of France, forming a part of the

1468:

to the kings of Spain. Western and southern districts of Flanders were confirmed under French rule under successive treaties of

4309: 3578: 2267: 2163: 5723: 5190: 5151: 5064: 4803: 3610: 2332:

Parliament who were elected in the Brussels Region cannot vote on affairs belonging to the competences of the Flemish Region.

1818:

started using Antwerp as the northernmost naval port of France. The following year, France officially annexed Flanders as the

6582: 5586: 5516: 3618: 3593: 3589: 3562: 3000: 2453: 2410: 2255: 2224: 2179: 2151: 1403: 345: 4691: 5284: 3371:. Its main trading partners are Germany, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and Spain. 2158:. All the political parties that advocated a significant increase of Flemish autonomy gained votes as well as seats in the 6577: 6263: 6009: 5772: 4284: 3462: 2984: 2369: 1803: 1795: 1758:. In the Northern Netherlands, the mass emigration from Flanders and Brabant became an important driving force behind the 1507: 6173: 1000:. The first region was predominantly French-speaking already in the 1600s, the latter became so in the 20th century. The 6627: 6614: 6572: 6248: 4412: 3222: 2996: 2434: 1932: 1897: 1624: 1484: 1103: 491: 1297:

managed to conquer both the Roman populations of northern France and the Frankish populations beyond the forest areas.

1239:) of the Menapii, Nervii and Tungri therefore corresponded roughly with the medieval counties of Flanders, Brabant and 786:

in the north consists of 22 exclaves surrounded by the Netherlands. Not including Brussels, there are five present-day

6756: 6751: 3119: 3103: 2417:(N-VA), more conservative but independentist, on the other hand. Other parties are the leftist alternative/ecological 2018: 1430: 4523:

Only about 8% of Brussels inhabitants identify as Flemish, while the rest identify as French-speaking or non-Belgian.

3652: 2398: 1163:. His informants told him that especially in the east, the tribes claimed ancestral connections and kinship with the 5241: 5211: 5167: 3814:

not only explicitly referred to his writings as Flemish but used it in many of his poems, and strongly defended it:

6704: 6620: 6557: 5773:"College 4 – 1830 Belgische onafhankelijkheid, Noord-Zuidverschillen, Dialecten en de rijksgrens, Frans-Vlaanderen" 5666: 5347: 5318: 3490: 3111: 2930: 2877: 2873: 2798: 2191: 2159: 2113:

took place in the second half of the 20th century, which transformed the unitary Belgium into a federal state with

1523: 1434: 1395: 2779: 2724:

or, a little further inland, by fields that have been drained with canals. With similar soils along the lowermost

1806:

was the first sovereign who had been in the Southern Netherlands since King Philip II of Spain left them in 1559.

5683: 2926: 2922: 2869: 38: 5426: 5412: 4658: 128: 6609: 6256: 5486: 3993: 3421: 3412:

Flanders has developed an extensive transportation infrastructure of ports, canals, railways and highways. The

3127: 3115: 3099: 2487: 2133: 1394:

were instrumental in defeating a French attempt at annexation (1300–1302), finally defeating the French in the

1321: 985: 742: 133: 3933:. Still widely read and translated into other languages (including English) are the novels of authors such as 3147:

The province of Flemish Brabant is the most recently created, being formed in 1995 after the splitting of the

1004:

identifies itself as "Flemish", and this is reflected, for instance, in the name of its local railway station

6691: 5776: 4338: 3989: 3634: 3482: 3301: 3271: 3179: 3123: 3107: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2702:

is a part of Flanders as far as community matters are concerned, but does not belong to the Flemish Region.

2278: 2243: 2110: 2088: 1936: 1829: 1820: 1657:) that spread through the Low Countries, first to Antwerp and Ghent, and from there further east and north. 918: 903: 866: 4744: 1673:

to the Provinces to repress the revolt. Alba recaptured the southern part of the Provinces, who signed the

6334: 4996: 4392: 4185: 4103: 3323:

and petroleum industries. Flanders also attracted a large majority of foreign investments in Belgium. The

3297: 2140: 2132:), whereas the French-speakers would like to keep the current state as it is. Recent governments (such as 2128:

Several Flemish parties still advocate for more Flemish autonomy, some even for Flemish independence (see

2054: 1966: 1798:. But under the reign of Empress Maria-Theresia, these lands again flourished economically. Influenced by 1612: 1586: 1469: 1034: 1009: 5451: 4640: 3892:

literature read (and appreciated to varying degrees) in Flanders is the same as that in the Netherlands.

2480: 6730: 6686: 6676: 6437: 5954: 4713: 4247: 4038:. Flemish provinces each have up to two TV channels as well. Commercial television broadcasters include 4009: 3885: 3686: 3605: 3308: 2610: 2003: 1340: 1112: 977: 862: 754: 738: 577: 470: 116: 6141: 5832: 1841: 1411: 5917: 4269:, a former Belgian goalkeeper, is considered one of the greatest in the history of football (soccer). 2528: 1440:

The entire area, straddling the ancient boundary of France and the Holy Roman Empire, later passed to

1258:

influence in the east, but there is disagreement about what languages were spoken locally (apart from

6549: 6231: 5997: 5590: 4369: 4301: 4097: 3981:(Vlaamse Rand), though many of them are French-speakers that migrated to Flanders in recent decades. 3958: 3787: 3754: 3407: 3169: 2794: 2770: 2577: 2449: 2414: 2365: 2263: 2187: 2167: 2129: 2096: 1912: 1881: 1865: 1825: 1799: 1755: 1686: 1477: 1352: 1054: 1046: 787: 480: 6213: 980:. Until the 1600s, this county also extended over parts of what are now France and the Netherlands. 6595: 6093: 4417: 4238: 4178: 3908: 3791: 3544: 3433: 3395: 3148: 2721: 2550: 2430: 1965:

led to the splitting up of the two countries. Belgium was confirmed as an independent state by the

1873: 1837: 1694: 1608: 1527: 1515: 1137: 1050: 1038: 5905: 4917: 4144: 2562:"Vlaanderen is een deelstaat van de federale Staat België en maakt deel uit van de Europese Unie." 1995:

The first official translation of the Belgian constitution in Dutch was not published until 1967.

1904:

was Roman Catholic and French-speaking, while the north was mainly Protestant and Dutch-speaking.

1744: 1641:

was a prelude to religious war between Catholics and Protestants, especially the Anabaptists. The

1573:

Meanwhile, Protestantism had reached the Low Countries. Among the wealthy traders of Antwerp, the

6661: 6567: 6562: 6349: 6339: 5032: 4407: 4121: 4087: 4075: 4054: 3950: 3807: 3803: 3692: 3289: 3259: 3217: 2598: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2251: 2247: 2228: 2122: 2118: 1970: 1962: 1956: 1920: 1877: 1869: 1721: 1713: 1604: 1539: 1519: 1465: 1306: 1267: 1255: 1025: 969: 957: 944: 929: 925: 818: 361: 313: 236: 4252: 3633:

countries in 1999, Flanders had the third-highest proportion of 18- to 21-year-olds enrolled in

1791: 1561: 6183: 2709:

basin plain in the north-west and a central plain. The first consists mainly of sand dunes and

1157:

conquered the area he described it as the less economically developed and more warlike part of

730:

and the community aspects of Flanders life in Brussels, such as Flemish culture and education.

6746: 6502: 6405: 6314: 6072: 6001: 5872: 5866: 5490: 5356: 4944: 4932: 4397: 4242: 3954: 3916: 3799: 3658: 3417: 3193: 2907: 2758: 2336: 2308: 2282: 2277:

The area of the Flemish Community is represented on the maps above, including the area of the

2235: 2125:. During the 1970s, all major political parties split into a Dutch and French-speaking party. 2066: 1815: 1779: 1620: 1578: 1531: 1445: 1426: 1348: 1285:

was king of the Franks within the military of Gaul. He became leader of the administration of

1182: 1083: 1071: 997: 914: 874: 803: 770: 321: 246: 4966: 3765:

can be applied to the Dutch spoken in Flanders; it shows many regional and local variations.

3565:, and the various governments in general respect this right in practice. Since independence, 1281:). In the meantime, the Franks contributed to the Roman military. The first Merovingian king 6666: 6656: 6651: 6635: 6604: 6478: 6370: 6354: 6189: 6127: 5837:

Nationalisme in België. Identiteiten in beweging 1780–2000. (Deprez, Kas; Vos, Louis – red.)

4838: 4826: 4474: 4438: 4402: 4328: 4266: 4263:

and numerous other cycling records. His hour speed record (set in 1972) stood for 12 years.

4234: 4213: 4194: 4063: 4039: 4023: 3930: 3904: 3881: 3762: 3720: 3712: 3458: 3184: 2849: 2465: 2445: 2353: 2327:, represent the Flemish Community and the Flemish Region. The region and the community thus 2301: 1986: 1787: 1783: 1759: 1705: 1678: 1616: 1589:

resulted in consecutive but overlapping waves of reform: a Lutheran, followed by a militant

1457: 1391: 1344: 1251: 1244: 1164: 1067: 993: 964: 917:(competent in mainly cultural matters). The first does not comprise Brussels (which forms a 846: 791: 762: 733:

Geographically, Flanders is mainly flat, and incorporates the whole coast of Belgium on the

719: 650: 615: 566: 293: 146: 121: 5612: 5028:"GHENT UNIVERSITY FLEMISH. Belgian Parliament Votes to Have All Instruction in That Tongue" 1534:

and from France. In 1556 Charles V abdicated due to ill health (he suffered from crippling

1487:

until the French Revolution, but surrounded by the Burgundians, and under their influence.

1086:), or the geographical area, one of the three institutional regions in Belgium, namely the 6535: 6490: 6344: 6148: 6123: 6119: 6115: 5985: 5958: 5745: 5670: 5215: 5194: 5155: 4939: 4511: 4468: 3985: 3970: 3938: 3934: 3920: 3912: 3900: 3696: 3647: 3614: 3512: 3413: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3276: 3263: 3030: 2618: 2614: 2565: 2259: 2246:. In practice, the Flemish Community and Region together form a single body, with its own 2022: 1732: 1646: 1566: 1453: 1441: 1380: 989: 822: 799: 766: 374: 93: 79: 6238: 6194: 4911: 849:

made it one of the richest and most urbanised parts of Europe, trading, and weaving the

6718: 6671: 6309: 5236: 4590: 4346: 4260: 4158: 3889: 3750: 3716: 3708: 3626: 3486: 3429: 3364: 3344: 3198: 2789: 2677: 2475: 2426: 2340: 2293: 2239: 2171: 2102: 2034: 1833: 1690: 1674: 1650: 1317: 1240: 1159: 1094: 1087: 1075: 1017: 910: 855: 727: 715: 695: 682: 674: 549: 431: 419: 257: 64: 4900:

William Robertson, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V (NY, 1874), p 456

4891:

William Robertson, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V (NY, 1874), p 116

1414:(1337–1453), and increased English cloth production. Flemish weavers had gone over to 6740: 6466: 6454: 5539:"international trade - Development of a common agricultural policy | Britannica" 4357: 4334: 4305: 4294: 4276: 4272: 4092: 3811: 3735: 3438: 3425: 3360: 3352: 3079: 2960: 2650: 2638: 2634: 2606: 2587: 2441: 2406: 2375: 1974: 1717: 1670: 1496: 1419: 1343:, is first reported in a document of 862, when he eloped with a daughter of his king 1263: 1154: 1098: 1042: 940: 936: 807: 795: 783: 750: 504: 6068: 6061: 523:

The area and population figures are given for the Flemish Region, not the Community.

6395: 6380: 5719: 5187: 5148: 5056: 4795: 4365: 4361: 4259:

is widely regarded as the greatest cyclist of all time, with five victories in the

4166: 4115: 4108: 4081: 3896: 3300:(GRP) of Flanders in 2021 was €296 billion (excluding Brussels). Per capita GDP at 3156: 2220: 2194:

which aim to solve the disputes between Flemings and French-speakers. However, the

2072: 1916: 1885: 1637: 1582: 1384: 1336: 1259: 1202: 1195: 1172: 1041:, the term Flanders continued to be associated with the whole southern part of the 813:

The area of today's Flanders has figured prominently in European history since the

5485:(in Dutch). Netherlands Institute of Business Organization and Strategy Research, 4218: 1754:

Flanders and Brabant, went into a period of relative decline from the time of the

4683: 4149: 2382:) in Flemish society. The traditional political parties of the three pillars are 935:

Within Belgian discussions, the two westernmost provinces of the Flemish Region,

924:

The political institutions that govern both subdivisions: the operative body or "

156: 6400: 6242: 4538: 4376: 4353: 4290: 4256: 4069: 3775: 3743: 3570: 3566: 3391: 2657: 2594: 2402: 2011: 1940: 1901: 1574: 1407: 1359: 1282: 1226: 814: 5989: 5780: 2216: 2017:

Flanders (and Belgium as a whole) saw some of the greatest loss of life on the

921:), whereas the latter does comprise the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Brussels. 5908:[Three times XXXIII Little Poems – Thou sayst Flemish will fade away] 5643: 4280: 4223: 3946: 3942: 3770: 3662: 2042: 1632: 1590: 1390:

Increasingly powerful from the 12th century, the territory's autonomous urban

487: 466: 350: 31: 6005: 5906:"Driemaal XXXIII Kleengedichtjes – Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan" 3154:

Most municipalities are made up of several former municipalities, now called

2413:, moderate nationalism rather left of the spectrum, on the one hand, and the 1374:) made it one of the richest and most urbanized parts of Europe, weaving the 201: 188: 5647: 4563: 4342: 4172: 4128: 3554: 3520: 3351:, the single European currency, was introduced in Flanders. It replaced the 3239: 3173: 2622: 2136:) have transferred certain federal competences to the regional governments. 2062: 2058: 2038: 1740: 1716:'s Spanish troops. They conquered a considerable part of Brabant (the later 1598: 1594: 1107: 869:, Flanders was made into two political entities: the Flemish Region (Dutch: 734: 461: 5808:(in Dutch). Letterkundig Museum, The Hague, The Netherlands. Archived from 5427:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018" 4842: 4019: 2448:

has seen electoral success roughly around the turn of the century, and the

6226: 5310:

Ir. Jan Strubbe in collaboration with Frank Mostaert and Ir. Koen Maeghe.

3730: 2147:

announced that Flanders had decided to declare independence from Belgium.

17: 6525: 6410: 6385: 5231: 5208: 4566:

expressing that its substantive is from or in that city or belongs to it.

3925: 3528: 3524: 3496: 3495:

The highest population density is found in the area circumscribed by the

3461:, the only other civilian airport with scheduled services in Flanders is 3320: 3220:

has its own local institutions in the Brussels-Capital Region, being the

3202: 2713: 2699: 2649:, also close to Voeren, does not border Flanders either. (The commune of 2007: 1461: 1449: 1415: 1399: 1294: 1210: 899: 758: 723: 711: 499: 337: 174: 5663: 5366: 5312:"Flood management in Flanders with special focus on navigable waterways" 4737:

Language use in Brussels and the position of Dutch. Some recent findings

3307:

Flanders was one of the first continental European areas to undergo the

2761:

attains a maximum altitude of 288 m (945 ft) above sea level.

2684:

has a population of more than 500,000 citizens and is the largest city,

6507: 6483: 6390: 6375: 4559: 4139: 4134: 4091:(2003; 750,000 tickets sold). The first and last ones were directed by 3666: 3642: 3532: 3500: 3451: 3382:

Flanders is home to several science and technology institutes, such as

3312: 3284: 3161: 2917: 2859: 2750: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2681: 2661: 2630: 2602: 1853: 1736: 1725: 1546: 1274: 1235: 1230: 1206: 1124: 1021: 842: 829: 826: 775: 746: 707: 699: 426: 333: 271: 229: 4584: 4582: 4352:

The best-selling Flemish group or artist is the (Flemish-Dutch) group

2641:

in the Netherlands. Germany, although bordering Wallonia and close to

2452:

during the last few elections, even becoming the largest party in the

2409:) split off, and which later dissolved into the now-defunct Spirit or 1778:

Although arts remained relatively impressive for another century with

1387:, a form of parliament that exercised considerable power in Flanders. 1247:, forming a natural boundary between northeast and southwest Belgium. 909:

In the context of the political subdivisions of Belgium there are the

6495: 6459: 5059:[State reform towards Belgium is gaining political support]. 4380: 4095:, and an American remake is being made of both of them, respectively 4027: 3739: 3516: 3508: 3160:. The largest municipality (both in terms of population and area) is 3089: 3040: 2754: 2717: 2693: 2689: 2673: 2669: 2642: 2637:

in Flanders forms a complicated series of enclaves and exclaves with

2626: 2568:

of the federal State of Belgium and is part of the European Union").

2422: 2418: 1526:, which established the Low Countries as the Seventeen Provinces (or 1367: 1329: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1148: 838: 779: 283: 279: 177:

is only part of the Flemish Community, and not of the Flemish Region.

5833:"Nationale beelden in de Vlaamse literatuur van de negentiende eeuw" 5481:

The importance of the Flemish Diamond from an economical perspective

5349:

Biodiversity Indicators 2006 – State of Nature in Flanders (Belgium)

2198:

continued the trend of N-VA becoming the biggest party in Flanders.

1935:

that issued a new Liberal Constitution and declared the new state a

1452:. The titles were eventually more clearly united under his grandson 1422:

in Norfolk in the 12th century and established the woolen industry.

1293:

of the Menapii (the future county of Flanders). From there, his son

5990:"Vlamingen en Nederlanders moeten hun verschillen leren aanvaarden" 2154:

showed more support for Flemish autonomy, marking the start of the

1425:

The County of Flanders started to take control of the neighbouring

6471: 4770:"Bruxelles est francophone à 92%, selon les déclarations fiscales" 4534: 4316: 4217: 4048: 3729: 3609: 3548: 3504: 3316: 3283: 3275: 3178: 2970: 2793:

covers 13,625 km (5,261 sq mi) and is divided into

2738: 2685: 2665: 2581: 2556:

In 2012, the Flemish government drafted a "Charter for Flanders" (

2533: 2527: 2307: 2215: 2026: 2002: 1769: 1699: 1560: 1511: 1371: 1363: 1310: 1168: 1001: 834: 778:

within the Flemish Region. Flanders also has exclaves of its own:

275: 4383:

holds the current record for longest time at No. 1 on the chart.

3557:. A typical church, similar to those in many villages in Flanders 2656:

Flanders is a highly urbanised area, lying completely within the

1070:, which was united with Flanders since the Middle Ages, but also 984:

In France, one of the historically Flemish regions is now in the

4200: 4043: 4031: 3753:; spelling and grammar are regulated by a single authority, the 3383: 3375: 3348: 3336:

area. Nowadays, the Flemish economy is mainly service-oriented.

2742: 2710: 2706: 2144: 1931:) proclaimed its independence, which was later confirmed by the 1720:

of the Netherlands), and the south bank of the Scheldt estuary (

1550: 1535: 1375: 1332: 850: 329: 6252: 6193: 5171: 4973:. Tourism Flanders & Brussels, Flanders House, London, UK. 2541:

Belgian and opposed to the dissolution of Belgium. 20% is even

1601:

movement. These movements existed independently of each other.

1518:(1506), Spain (1516) with its colonies and in 1519 was elected 5479:"Het belang van de Vlaamse Ruit vanuit economisch perspectief 4456: 4035: 3465:, but there are two other ones with cargo or charter flights: 1005: 636: 6762:

Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language

5355:. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels. 4933:

Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective

4447: 3625:

Education is compulsory from the ages of six to 18, but most

2492:

on whether Flemings feel proud of their Belgian nationality.

1549:

grew to become the second-largest European city north of the

627: 3810:

rose ahead of French literature in Belgium's early history.

2778: 515: 5057:"Staatshervorming richting België wint aan politieke steun" 4333:

Flanders is known for its music festivals, like the annual

4014:

The public radio and television broadcaster in Flanders is

1270:

appear to have become prevalent in the area of the Tungri.

5582: 5027: 4616:"Metadata: Bebouwde oppervlakte en bijbehorende terreinen" 3511:

agglomerations that surround Mechelen and is known as the

2049:

Right-wing nationalism in the interbellum and World War II

30:"Flandre" and "Flandern" redirect here. For the ship, see 5871:(in West Flemish). Lannoo Uitgeverij. 1999. p. 320. 4483: 3621:, the oldest university in Belgium and the Low Countries. 1728:, effectively cutting Antwerp off from its trade routes. 1607:, a devout Catholic and self-proclaimed protector of the 1410:

of 1348, the disruption of trade during the Anglo-French

1194:

were the two most northerly continental provinces of the

1016:

The historically Flemish region which became part of the

745:

to the south-west near the coast, the Dutch provinces of

662: 5026:

Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (28 February 1930).

3915:. They were followed by a younger generation, including 3164:, having more than half a million inhabitants. Its nine 2705:

Flanders has two main geographical regions: the coastal

2633:

of Flanders between Wallonia and the Netherlands, while

782:

in the east is between Wallonia and the Netherlands and

5149:

Report of study by the Université Catholique de Louvain

4287:

as she was ranked the number one female tennis player.

2645:

in Limburg, does not share a border with Flanders. The

2143:

by the Belgian Francophone public broadcasting station

4562:, is an inhabitant of this city; the term is also the 3631:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1896:) under Prince William I of Orange Nassau, making him 1693:(the Northern Netherlands) fought on until 1648 – the 1538:). Spain and the Seventeen Provinces went to his son, 1320:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1186:

connected to what is now the Netherlands and Germany.

894:

The term "Flanders" has several main modern meanings:

173:

Present-day Flanders (dark red) shown within Belgium.

6702: 4486: 4477: 4459: 4450: 4441: 2421:

party; the short-lived anarchistic libertarian spark

2319:

As mentioned above, Flemish institutions such as the

2190:

was formed excluding N-VA. Eight parties agreed on a

1266:" language related to both. By the first century AD, 665: 656: 639: 630: 621: 6059:

George Wingfield (2008). Charles F. Gritzner (ed.).

4480: 4453: 4444: 4114:

Newspapers are grouped under three main publishers:

3945:. The recent crop of writers includes the novelists 3280:

The Port of Antwerp is the second largest in Europe.

947:

are also still collectively referred to as Flanders.

659: 633: 624: 6644: 6591: 6548: 6518: 6435: 6363: 6323: 6302: 6295: 5188:

Report of study by Université Catholique de Louvain

3432:, of which Zeebrugge and Ostend are located at the 1810:

French Revolution and Napoleonic France (1795–1815)

1530:in its broad sense) as an entity separate from the 1250:Linguistically, the tribes in this area were under 861:Belgium was one of the centres of the 19th-century 653: 618: 590: 562: 545: 531: 510: 498: 477: 460: 452: 447: 425: 415: 407: 399: 394: 386: 381: 367: 357: 343: 319: 309: 304: 289: 267: 256: 245: 235: 217: 51: 6060: 5839:(in Dutch). Houtekiet, Antwerpen/Baarn (online by 2688:has a population of 250,000 citizens, followed by 2374:Historically, the political parties reflected the 2343:. French enjoys a limited official recognition in 2212:Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium 1898:William I of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1743:, which was a smaller port, important only in the 704:communities, regions and language areas of Belgium 6204:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. 478–480. 5691:A broad view of the Flemish educational landscape 5285:"Bruges or Ghent – either way you win in Belgium" 4635: 4633: 4375:The weekly charts of best-selling singles is the 4297:are notable track and field stars from Flanders. 3669:) or serve the Jewish and Protestant minorities. 3242:, with significant precipitation in all seasons ( 2425:and more recently the conservative-right liberal 1907:In 1815, the Dutch Senate was reinstated (Dutch: 1339:. The first certain Count in the comital family, 1262:), and there may even have been an intermediate " 1217:. In the central part of modern Belgium were the 2653:, majority French speaking, lies between them.) 1704:Winter scene at the Scheldt river in Antwerp by 4997:"Kingdom of Belgium map (politically outdated)" 4961: 4959: 4957: 3454:) and roads are managed by the Flemish region. 2266:) leading a coalition of his party (N-VA) with 2117:. This resulted also in the establishment of a 992:, and can be divided into two smaller regions: 913:(competent in mainly economic matters) and the 3695:is responsible for care, health education and 943:, forming the central portion of the historic 841:of the historic County of Flanders, and later 6264: 3629:continue to study until around 23. Among the 3201:and, together with the French Community, the 1860:United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830) 1097:and other fields, the adjectives Flemish and 8: 6151:" Goalkeepersaredifferent.com. Retrieved on 5948: 5946: 5914:Dichtwerken (deel 1 en 2) (ed. Baur, Frank) 5621:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 5123:. Belgian Federal Government. Archived from 5093:. Belgian Federal Government. Archived from 4315:The Flemish government agency for sports is 4061:The five most successful Flemish films were 3446:Whereas railways are managed by the federal 3343:in 1951, which evolved into the present-day 2775:List of municipalities of the Flemish Region 1074:, which corresponds closely to the medieval 85: 71: 5693:. Ministry of the Flemish Community. 2005. 5617:International Religious Freedom Report 2004 4641:"Structuur van de bevolking | Statbel" 4176: 4164: 4156: 4119: 3592:in Flanders for a long time, in particular 1201:In the future county of Flanders, the main 972:, that existed from the 8th century (Latin 598: 581: 570: 553: 536: 56: 6447: 6299: 6271: 6257: 6249: 5452:"Onze Waalse collega's kunnen niet volgen" 4126:, the most popular newspaper in Flanders, 3831:Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: 3786:The earliest example of literature in non- 2613:) in the north and east, and with France ( 2025:, in particular from the three battles of 1661:The Eighty Years' War and its consequences 1456:(1396 – 1467). This large Duchy passed in 1433:(1330-1384), who fought his sister-in-law 1078:, and was never under Burgundian control. 48: 5920:, Amsterdam (1949, 3rd print – online by 5226: 5224: 4046:(VT4). Popular TV series are for example 2545:, while some 25% are not proud and 8% is 2170:(N-VA) (who had participated on a shared 1569:in 1576, in which about 7,000 people died 1277:. They had kings in each Roman district ( 1110:categorized as Flemish art. In music the 6180:BMGN-THE LOW COUNTRIES HISTORICAL REVIEW 6114:top five of all time: 1 Eddy Merckx, 2 5953:de Ridder, Matthijs (doctoral candidate 4537:, as well as cultural movements such as 4275:(as well as the French-speaking Belgian 4107:. The other three ones were directed by 3691:Healthcare is a federal matter, but the 2807: 2757:between the Dutch border and Wallonia's 1683:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 1545:Over the first half of the 16th century 6709: 4880:Philip the Good: the apogee of Burgundy 4831:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 4607: 4429: 4155:, the oldest extant Flemish newspaper, 3975:municipalities with language facilities 3953:, and poets such as the married couple 3863:that Walloon twaddle will have its way: 3835:dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: 3471:Kortrijk-Wevelgem International Airport 3416:is the second-largest in Europe, after 2196:2012 provincial and municipal elections 2115:communities, regions and language areas 1660: 1619:and Holland (what is now approximately 714:, while the corresponding adjective is 509: 497: 459: 446: 424: 393: 380: 303: 288: 234: 216: 181: 165: 142: 110: 5007:from the original on 27 September 2007 4977:from the original on 29 September 2006 3561:The Belgian constitution provides for 3515:, in other important urban centres as 1735:to the Spanish and the closing of the 1665:Subsequently, Philip II of Spain sent 528: 390:13,626 km (5,261 sq mi) 6048:from the original on 2 February 2017. 4510: 3749:The standard language in Flanders is 3168:have a special status and are called 3138:3,197 km (1,234 sq mi) 3011:3,007 km (1,161 sq mi) 2888:2,876 km (1,110 sq mi) 1852:), with the heaviest fighting in the 681: 476: 451: 414: 406: 398: 385: 366: 356: 342: 318: 308: 266: 255: 244: 7: 4806:from the original on 21 January 2017 4694:from the original on 23 October 2017 4349:is another very large yearly event. 4034:and (together with the Netherlands) 3977:, along the language border and the 3895:Influential Flemish writers include 3339:Belgium is a founding member of the 3319:experienced a fast expansion of the 2647:German-speaking Community of Belgium 2272:Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten 1362:, Flanders's trading towns (notably 1020:, now part of the Dutch province of 6104:from the original on 24 August 2007 5746:"De Taalunie – Werkwijze en beleid" 5642:particular in any kind of God in a 3790:in the current area of Flanders is 3581:party (CD&V). According to the 3467:Ostend-Bruges International Airport 3448:National Railway Company of Belgium 3226:(VGC), and its municipal antennae ( 3060:2,118 km (818 sq mi) 2941:2,427 km (937 sq mi) 2388:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 2162:. This was especially the case for 2010:, a memorial to soldiers killed in 962:The name originally applied to the 810:. The official language is Dutch. 6210:Belgium: Long United, Long Divided 5752:from the original on 18 March 2011 5748:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 5726:from the original on 23 March 2011 5722:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 5700:from the original on 19 March 2009 5067:from the original on 12 March 2016 5055:Peter De Lobel (25 January 2016). 4743:. Brussels Studies. Archived from 3268:Science and technology in Flanders 3207:Arrondissement of Brussels-Capital 2560:) of which the first article says 2174:). The trend continued during the 2156:2007–2011 Belgian political crisis 2093:2007–2011 Belgian political crisis 1774:1584 map of the county of Flanders 774:Region is an officially bilingual 25: 6172:(Oxford University Press, 2007). 6012:from the original on 22 July 2011 5965:from the original on 15 June 2011 5931:from the original on 14 June 2011 5868:Guido Gezelle: volledig dichtwerk 5847:from the original on 14 June 2011 5593:from the original on 30 June 2006 5559:. Port of Antwerp. Archived from 5513:"Flanders: export-driven economy" 4085:(1993; 848,000 tickets sold) and 4018:, which operates the TV channels 3867:This we hope, for this we hanker: 3843:zoo lange als wij ons weren, wij: 3802:(12th century). With a writer of 3798:, the first courtly romance in a 3583:2001 Survey and Study of Religion 3527:to the west, and notable centres 3369:Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union 3341:European Coal and Steel Community 3187:(one of 19 municipalities) in red 3183:Brussels-Capital Region with the 2401:, of which the right nationalist 2184:longest-ever government formation 1945:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1909:Eerste Kamer der Staaten Generaal 1880:(1815) gave sovereignty over the 1209:, but also on the coast were the 1106:", and it is not uncommon to see 928:", and the legislative organ or " 821:stretched around AD 900 from the 6724: 6712: 6426: 6280: 6237: 6225: 6092:Majendie, Matt (18 April 2005). 6067:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 5885:from the original on 27 May 2016 5806:"Hendrik Conscience (biography)" 5244:from the original on 5 June 2017 4473: 4437: 4073:(1990; 1,082,000 tickets sold), 3579:Christian Democratic and Flemish 3072: 3023: 2953: 2900: 2842: 2696:counts almost 100,000 citizens. 2384:Christian-Democratic and Flemish 2339:for all Flemish institutions is 2164:Christian Democratic and Flemish 1999:World War I and its consequences 1923:sparked. On 4 October 1830, the 1766:Southern Netherlands (1581–1795) 1229:who appear to have lived in the 649: 614: 222: 167: 154: 127: 115: 27:Dutch-speaking region of Belgium 6573:Community Commission (Brussels) 5664:In België wonen 628.751 moslims 5232:"Sire, er zijn toch nog Belgen" 4310:International Olympic Committee 4237:is considered one of the five " 3859:You say Flemish will fade away: 2268:Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams 757:to the north and east, and the 46:Community and region in Belgium 6094:"Great, but there are greater" 5673:, Indymedia, 12 September 2008 5587:Federal Public Service Economy 5289:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 5240:(in Flemish). 6 October 2011. 5170:. taalunie.org. Archived from 4079:(1987; 933,000 tickets sold), 3619:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 2817:Administrative arrondissements 2676:are the largest cities of the 2225:Minister-President of Flanders 1061:Dutch-speaking part of Belgium 976:) until its absorption by the 698:-speaking northern portion of 416: • Official language 1: 5720:"De Taalunie – Wie zijn wij?" 5413:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat" 4659:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat" 4356:, followed by (Italian-born) 3871:as long as we fight back, we: 3841:dat zeggen en dat zweren wij: 3463:Antwerp International Airport 3292:with a railway in the centre. 3244:Köppen climate classification 3223:Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie 2392:Socialist Party – Differently 2370:Political parties in Flanders 2292:The number of Dutch-speaking 2107:Catholic University of Leuven 1796:War of the Spanish Succession 1328:The County of Flanders was a 1205:in early Roman times was the 434:(adjective), Fleming (person) 6615:Day of the Flemish Community 6245:travel guide from Wikivoyage 6170:Flanders: a cultural history 4930:Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). 4825:Van Der Essen, Leon (1925), 4776:(in French). 4 December 2017 4067:(2008; 1,186,071 visitors), 3869:this we say and this we vow: 3569:, counterbalanced by strong 2803:308 cities or municipalities 2356:and published in June 2006. 1981:Rise of the Flemish Movement 1254:influence in the south, and 1104:Early Netherlandish painting 998:Maritime Flanders (Westhoek) 710:associated with Flanders is 5984:Polis, Harold (ed. red. at 5779:(host site). Archived from 4916:. Silver, Burdett. p. 4714:"The Powers of the Regions" 3839:Dat hopen, dat begeren wij: 2071:During the interbellum and 1431:Louis II, Count of Flanders 6778: 5619:. US Department of State, 5264:"Handvest voor Vlaanderen" 4326: 4285:Women's Tennis Association 4211: 4007: 3706: 3684: 3603: 3542: 3491:List of cities in Flanders 3480: 3450:, other public transport ( 3405: 3257: 3063:549/km (1,420/sq mi) 3014:509/km (1,320/sq mi) 2891:652/km (1,690/sq mi) 2768: 2692:with 120,000 citizens and 2575: 2532:Border crossing sign near 2463: 2363: 2209: 2160:Belgian federal parliament 2086: 2052: 1984: 1954: 1524:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 1494: 1435:Joanna, Duchess of Brabant 1396:Battle of the Golden Spurs 1304: 1146: 1135: 1082:official institution, the 955: 29: 6450: 6424: 5831:Couttenier, Piet (1999). 5669:24 September 2009 at the 3473:, both in West Flanders. 2810: 2516: Very not proud (8%) 1649:, with open-air sermons ( 1625:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 1485:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 988:. This is referred to as 522: 411:501/km (1,300/sq mi) 182: 166: 143: 111: 102: 39:Flanders (disambiguation) 5487:University of Maastricht 5432:. Eurostat. 5 March 2020 5036:. New York Times Company 4913:The World and Its People 4882:by Richard Vaughan, p201 4800:U.S. Department of State 3994:Francization of Brussels 3880:The distinction between 3238:The climate is maritime 3141:376/km (970/sq mi) 2944:363/km (940/sq mi) 2765:Administrative divisions 2558:Handvest voor Vlaanderen 2134:Verhofstadt I Government 1888:and Luxembourg – to the 1681:and settled in 1581 the 1631:). In 1566, the wave of 1322:Ghent University Library 358: • Legislature 55: 6628:De Leeuw van Vlaanderen 6201:Encyclopædia Britannica 5777:University of Groningen 5684:"Education in Flanders" 5458:(in Dutch). 29 May 2005 4938:25 October 2015 at the 4910:Dunton, Larkin (1896). 4734:Janssens, Rudi (2008). 4494:for speakers without it 4379:. "Kvraagetaan" by the 3990:Brussels Capital Region 3726:Language and literature 3635:postsecondary education 3483:Demographics of Belgium 3302:purchasing power parity 3272:Agriculture in Flanders 3203:Brussels-Capital Region 3151:on a linguistic basis. 2279:Brussels-Capital Region 2206:Government and politics 2176:2009 regional elections 2139:On 13 December 2006, a 2109:. As a result, several 2089:State reform in Belgium 2041:at the monument of the 1937:Constitutional Monarchy 1802:, the Austrian Emperor 1645:started in what is now 1615:Calvinism in Flanders, 1522:. Charles V issued the 1402:. Two years later, the 904:Brussels-Capital Region 724:Brussels-Capital Region 683:[ˈvlaːndərə(n)] 456:€330.495 billion (2022) 6682:Science and technology 6531:List of municipalities 5646:sense, and/or in some 5399:bestat.statbel.fgov.be 5193:23 August 2006 at the 5154:23 August 2006 at the 4843:10.3406/rbph.1925.6335 4589:foreigners, share the 4467:for speakers with the 4393:Burgundian Netherlands 4304:were held in Antwerp. 4227: 4224:WTA Player of the Year 4186:Het Belang van Limburg 4177: 4165: 4157: 4120: 4104:The Memory of a Killer 3878: 3850: 3746: 3622: 3558: 3298:gross regional product 3293: 3281: 3188: 2784: 2590: 2537: 2498: Very proud (20%) 2454:2010 federal elections 2345:a dozen municipalities 2316: 2231: 2180:2010 federal elections 2152:2007 federal elections 2055:Flemish National Union 2014: 1925:Provisional Government 1816:French Republican Army 1775: 1749:creating a new Antwerp 1709: 1654: 1577:beliefs of the German 1570: 1448:, with his capital in 1325: 1035:Burgundian Netherlands 878: 870: 599: 582: 571: 554: 537: 310: • Executive 86: 72: 57: 37:. For other uses, see 6182:134.1 (2019): 73–95. 6039:Frankfurter Buchmesse 5996:(in Dutch) (Ed. 77). 5955:University of Antwerp 5214:13 March 2007 at the 4508:French pronunciation: 4327:Further information: 4308:was president of the 4248:Dwars door Vlaanderen 4221: 4212:Further information: 4010:Television in Belgium 4008:Further information: 3888:. Nevertheless, most 3886:University of Antwerp 3873:It shan't, It shan't, 3856: 3845:'t en zal, 't en zal, 3828: 3788:standardized dialects 3733: 3687:Healthcare in Belgium 3685:Further information: 3613: 3606:Education in Flanders 3604:Further information: 3552: 3543:Further information: 3481:Further information: 3309:Industrial Revolution 3287: 3279: 3182: 2783:Provinces of Flanders 2782: 2585: 2576:Further information: 2531: 2522: No opinion (1%) 2510: Not proud (18%) 2311: 2298:University of Louvain 2219: 2006: 1955:Further information: 1939:, under the House of 1894:Verenigde Nederlanden 1773: 1703: 1564: 1404:uprising was defeated 1398:(11 July 1302), near 1341:Baldwin I of Flanders 1314: 1289:, which included the 1116:is also known as the 1113:Franco-Flemish School 978:French First Republic 968:territory called the 867:Belgian state reforms 863:Industrial Revolution 479: • Summer ( 298:outside the territory 6234:at Wikimedia Commons 6147:30 June 2008 at the 6032:"Flanders (Belgium)" 5998:Nederlandse Taalunie 5583:"Statistics Belgium" 5218:, summarising report 5127:on 30 September 2007 5097:on 30 September 2007 4827:"Notre nom national" 4750:on 23 September 2015 4690:. 15 December 2013. 4558:, the Latin name of 4302:1920 Summer Olympics 3959:Kristien Hemmerechts 3759:Nederlandse Taalunie 3755:Dutch Language Union 3457:The main airport is 3408:Transport in Belgium 2771:Provinces of Belgium 2578:Geography of Belgium 2460:Flemish independence 2450:New Flemish Alliance 2433:, and the socialist 2415:New Flemish Alliance 2411:Social Liberal Party 2366:Politics of Flanders 2264:New Flemish Alliance 2188:Di Rupo I Government 2168:New Flemish Alliance 2141:spoof news broadcast 2130:Partition of Belgium 2097:Partition of Belgium 1913:La Muette de Portici 1884:– Belgium minus the 1882:Austrian Netherlands 1864:After the defeat of 1687:Southern Netherlands 1353:Baldwin V of Hainaut 1055:Austrian Netherlands 408: • Density 151:("The Flemish Lion") 105:Community and region 5924:). Part 2, p. 505. 5843:). pp. 60–69. 5557:"Focus on the port" 5519:on 24 February 2017 5477:Vanhaverbeke, Wim. 4971:Find it in Flanders 4967:"Antwerp – History" 4684:"Discover Flanders" 4418:Seventeen Provinces 4312:from 2001 to 2013. 4179:Gazet van Antwerpen 3909:Maurice Maeterlinck 3792:Hendrik van Veldeke 3563:freedom of religion 3545:Religion in Belgium 3149:province of Brabant 2431:Jean-Marie Dedecker 2390:(Open Vld) and the 1695:Peace of Westphalia 1609:Counter-Reformation 1528:Spanish Netherlands 1516:Seventeen Provinces 1514:. He inherited the 1437:for control of it. 1429:during the life of 1301:Historical Flanders 1138:History of Flanders 1039:early modern period 1024:, sometimes called 879:Vlaamse Gemeenschap 583:Vlaamse Gebarentaal 198: / 6757:Autonomous regions 6752:Regions of Belgium 6583:Minister-President 6568:Flemish Government 6563:Flemish Parliament 6350:Zeelandic Flanders 6327:historical regions 6142:Goalkeeping Greats 5988:) (25 June 2004). 5986:Meulenhoff/Manteau 5543:www.britannica.com 5271:vlaamsparlement.be 5033:The New York Times 4413:Flemish Primitives 4408:Flemish Parliament 4281:Player of the Year 4228: 4222:Kim Clijsters was 4192:Magazines include 4122:Het Laatste Nieuws 4055:F.C. De Kampioenen 3979:Brussels periphery 3951:Herman Brusselmans 3808:Flemish literature 3804:Hendrik Conscience 3747: 3693:Flemish Government 3623: 3559: 3420:. Other ports are 3294: 3282: 3260:Economy of Belgium 3228:Gemeenschapscentra 3218:Flemish Government 3189: 2799:22 arrondissements 2785: 2599:Zeelandic Flanders 2591: 2538: 2321:Flemish Parliament 2317: 2314:Flemish Parliament 2256:Minister-President 2232: 2229:Flanders in Action 2192:sixth state reform 2182:, followed by the 2119:Flemish Parliament 2015: 1971:Zeelandic Flanders 1963:Belgian Revolution 1957:History of Belgium 1951:Kingdom of Belgium 1947:on 19 April 1839. 1921:Belgian Revolution 1890:United Netherlands 1878:Congress of Vienna 1870:Battle of Waterloo 1866:Napoleon Bonaparte 1776: 1722:Zeelandic Flanders 1710: 1571: 1540:Philip II of Spain 1520:Holy Roman Emperor 1412:Hundred Years' War 1326: 1307:County of Flanders 1268:Germanic languages 1165:"Germanic" peoples 1026:Zeelandic Flanders 970:County of Flanders 958:County of Flanders 945:County of Flanders 930:Flemish Parliament 926:Flemish Government 819:County of Flanders 453: • Total 400: • Total 387: • Total 362:Flemish Parliament 346:Minister-President 322:Governing parties 314:Flemish Government 237:County of Flanders 6700: 6699: 6578:Political parties 6544: 6543: 6422: 6421: 6315:Flemish Community 6230:Media related to 6190:Edmundson, George 6168:De Vries, André. 6078:978-0-7910-9670-3 5957:) (22 May 2009). 5563:on 28 August 2008 5209:Taaluniversum.org 5174:on 13 March 2007. 5087:"The Communities" 4591:standard language 4424:Explanatory notes 4398:Count of Flanders 4243:Flanders Classics 4088:De Zaak Alzheimer 3955:Herman de Coninck 3917:Paul van Ostaijen 3826: 3800:Germanic language 3590:have been present 3211:19 municipalities 3194:Flemish Community 3145: 3144: 2741:basin, there are 2504: Proud (53%) 2440:Particularly the 2337:official language 2236:Flemish Community 2067:Cyriel Verschaeve 1933:National Congress 1919:in Brussels) the 1800:the Enlightenment 1780:Peter Paul Rubens 1756:Thirty Years' War 1627:and was Catholic 1532:Holy Roman Empire 1427:County of Brabant 1192:Germania Inferior 1183:Germania Inferior 1167:then east of the 1084:Flemish Community 915:Flemish Community 875:Flemish Community 788:Flemish provinces 739:French department 737:. It borders the 607: 606: 527: 526: 325: 159: 16:(Redirected from 6769: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6652:Flemish Movement 6621:Guldensporenslag 6511: 6499: 6487: 6475: 6463: 6448: 6443: 6430: 6371:Flemish Ardennes 6355:Romance Flanders 6325:Neighbouring and 6300: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6229: 6205: 6197: 6195:"Flanders" 6156: 6154: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6128:Jacques Anquetil 6111: 6109: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6066: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6036: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5950: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5930: 5911: 5904:Gezelle, Guido. 5901: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5785: 5771:Hoeksema, Jack. 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5699: 5688: 5680: 5674: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5515:. Archived from 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5493:on 14 March 2007 5489:. Archived from 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5431: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5377: 5371: 5365:. Archived from 5354: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5228: 5219: 5207: 5203: 5197: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5164: 5158: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4963: 4952: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4892: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4663:www.ec.europa.eu 4655: 4649: 4648: 4637: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4612: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4548: 4542: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512:[flɑ̃dʁ] 4509: 4501: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4434: 4403:Flemish Movement 4329:Music of Belgium 4267:Jean-Marie Pfaff 4245:" races include 4235:Tour of Flanders 4233:In cycling, the 4226:in 2005 and 2010 4214:Sport in Belgium 4182: 4170: 4162: 4153: 4125: 3931:Flemish Movement 3905:Felix Timmermans 3820: 3721:Flemish Movement 3713:Flemish dialects 3656: 3459:Brussels Airport 3442: 3422:Bruges-Zeebrugge 3197:covers both the 3185:City of Brussels 3078: 3076: 3075: 3029: 3027: 3026: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2827: 2826:(1 January 2021) 2808: 2787:The present-day 2564:("Flanders is a 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2466:Flemish Movement 2446:Flemish Interest 2407:Flemish Interest 2386:(CD&V), the 2354:Louvain-la-Neuve 2302:Louvain-la-Neuve 2186:after which the 2083:Flemish autonomy 1987:Flemish Movement 1967:Treaty of London 1929:Voorlopig Bewind 1838:Meuse-Inférieure 1788:Franco-Dutch War 1784:Anthony van Dyck 1782:(1577–1640) and 1760:Dutch Golden Age 1706:Sebastian Vrancx 1691:United Provinces 1679:Union of Utrecht 1675:Union of Atrecht 1623:was part of the 1597:, and finally a 1464:dynasty, and in 1446:Duke of Burgundy 1358:During the late 1345:Charles the Bald 1245:Silva Carbonaria 1068:Duchy of Brabant 994:Walloon Flanders 919:Region by itself 847:Duchy of Brabant 720:City of Brussels 693: 692: 691: 685: 672: 671: 668: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 602: 585: 574: 557: 540: 529: 518: 484: 323: 294:City of Brussels 228: 226: 225: 213: 212: 210: 209: 208: 203: 202:51.000°N 4.500°E 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 171: 161: 160: 147:De Vlaamse Leeuw 131: 119: 97: 89: 83: 75: 68: 60: 49: 21: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6703: 6701: 6696: 6640: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6540: 6536:Flemish Diamond 6514: 6505: 6493: 6491:Flemish Brabant 6481: 6469: 6457: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6431: 6418: 6359: 6345:French Flanders 6328: 6326: 6319: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6222: 6208:Humes, Samuel. 6188: 6165: 6163:Further reading 6160: 6159: 6152: 6149:Wayback Machine 6139: 6135: 6124:Miguel Indurain 6120:Lance Armstrong 6116:Bernard Hinault 6107: 6105: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6045: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5968: 5966: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5879: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5813: 5812:on 24 July 2011 5804: 5803: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5786:on 24 July 2011 5783: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5671:Wayback Machine 5659: 5658: 5654: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5375: 5373: 5372:on 14 June 2007 5369: 5363: 5352: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5327: 5325: 5324:on 14 June 2007 5321: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5216:Wayback Machine 5205: 5204: 5200: 5195:Wayback Machine 5184: 5183: 5179: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5156:Wayback Machine 5145: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4965: 4964: 4955: 4943:. PUQ. p. 308. 4940:Wayback Machine 4929: 4925: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4890: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4645:statbel.fgov.be 4639: 4638: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4618:. Vlaanderen.be 4614: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4587: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4554:, derived from 4549: 4545: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4476: 4472: 4469:Trap-bath split 4440: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4389: 4331: 4325: 4216: 4210: 4147: 4012: 4006: 3986:French Flanders 3971:second language 3967: 3939:Louis Paul Boon 3935:Willem Elsschot 3921:Gaston Burssens 3913:Emile Verhaeren 3901:Stijn Streuvels 3877: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3823:kleengedichtjes 3728: 3723: 3707:Main articles: 3705: 3697:preventive care 3689: 3683: 3650: 3615:Arenberg Castle 3608: 3602: 3547: 3541: 3513:Flemish Diamond 3493: 3479: 3436: 3414:Port of Antwerp 3410: 3404: 3347:. In 1999, the 3334:Flemish Diamond 3329:1979 oil crises 3274: 3264:Flemish Diamond 3258:Main articles: 3256: 3236: 3084:West-Vlaanderen 3073: 3071: 3046:Halle-Vilvoorde 3031:Flemish Brabant 3024: 3022: 2965:Oost-Vlaanderen 2954: 2952: 2901: 2899: 2843: 2841: 2825: 2824: 2777: 2769:Main articles: 2767: 2619:Hauts-de-France 2615:French Flanders 2580: 2574: 2566:component state 2526: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2473:2011 survey by 2468: 2462: 2372: 2364:Main articles: 2362: 2300:(UCLouvain) in 2270:(CD&V) and 2260:Geert Bourgeois 2214: 2208: 2099: 2087:Main articles: 2085: 2069: 2053:Main articles: 2051: 2035:Yser pilgrimage 2023:First World War 2001: 1989: 1983: 1973:, south of the 1959: 1953: 1862: 1812: 1792:Nine Years' War 1768: 1733:fall of Antwerp 1663: 1647:French Flanders 1621:Belgian Limburg 1567:Sack of Antwerp 1504: 1499: 1493: 1454:Philip the Good 1442:Philip the Bold 1381:Franc of Bruges 1309: 1303: 1287:Belgica Secunda 1151: 1145: 1140: 1134: 1072:Belgian Limburg 1063: 990:French Flanders 986:Nord department 960: 954: 892: 887: 823:Strait of Dover 817:. The original 800:Flemish Brabant 767:Walloon Brabant 722:, although the 702:and one of the 688: 687: 686: 652: 648: 617: 613: 576: 514: 478: 435: 375:Liesbeth Homans 223: 221: 206: 204: 200: 197: 192: 189: 187: 185: 184: 178: 162: 155: 152: 150: 139: 138: 137: 136: 125: 124: 107: 98: 91: 84: 77: 69: 62: 54: 47: 42: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6775: 6773: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6731:European Union 6721: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6624: 6612: 6607: 6601: 6599: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6500: 6488: 6476: 6464: 6451: 6445: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6310:Flemish Region 6306: 6304: 6303:Modern Belgium 6297: 6293: 6292: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6235: 6221: 6220:External links 6218: 6217: 6216: 6206: 6186: 6176: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6133: 6084: 6077: 6051: 6023: 5976: 5942: 5896: 5877: 5858: 5823: 5797: 5763: 5737: 5711: 5675: 5662:Jan Hertogen, 5652: 5634: 5604: 5574: 5548: 5530: 5504: 5469: 5456:Het Nieuwsblad 5443: 5418: 5404: 5386: 5361: 5338: 5302: 5291:. 10 June 2018 5276: 5255: 5237:Het Nieuwsblad 5220: 5198: 5177: 5159: 5138: 5108: 5078: 5047: 5018: 4988: 4953: 4923: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4872: 4847: 4837:(1): 121–131, 4817: 4787: 4761: 4726: 4705: 4675: 4650: 4629: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4578: 4568: 4543: 4525: 4516: 4496: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4385: 4347:Gentse Feesten 4324: 4321: 4261:Tour de France 4209: 4206: 4159:Het Nieuwsblad 4005: 4002: 3966: 3963: 3890:Dutch-language 3857: 3855: 3854: 3829: 3742:, by sculptor 3727: 3724: 3717:Flemish people 3709:Dutch language 3704: 3701: 3682: 3679: 3617:, part of the 3601: 3598: 3540: 3537: 3487:Flemish people 3478: 3475: 3406:Main article: 3403: 3402:Infrastructure 3400: 3365:currency union 3345:European Union 3255: 3252: 3235: 3232: 3199:Flemish Region 3143: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3097: 3087: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3043: 3038: 3035:Vlaams-Brabant 3020: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2978: 2968: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2920: 2915: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2867: 2857: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2821: 2820:Municipalities 2818: 2815: 2812: 2795:five provinces 2790:Flemish Region 2766: 2763: 2759:Liège Province 2678:Flemish Region 2573: 2570: 2547:very not proud 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2476:Het Nieuwsblad 2471: 2470: 2469: 2464:Main article: 2461: 2458: 2435:Workers' Party 2399:People's Union 2361: 2358: 2294:Flemish people 2240:Flemish Region 2210:Main article: 2207: 2204: 2172:electoral list 2103:Royal Question 2084: 2081: 2050: 2047: 2000: 1997: 1985:Main article: 1982: 1979: 1952: 1949: 1861: 1858: 1811: 1808: 1767: 1764: 1662: 1659: 1503: 1500: 1495:Main article: 1492: 1489: 1305:Main article: 1302: 1299: 1188:Gallia Belgica 1177:Gallia Belgica 1160:Gallia Belgica 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1136:Main article: 1133: 1130: 1095:history of art 1088:Flemish Region 1076:County of Loon 1062: 1059: 1030: 1029: 1018:Dutch Republic 1014: 1010:Lille Flandres 956:Main article: 953: 950: 949: 948: 933: 922: 911:Flemish Region 907: 891: 890:Modern Belgium 888: 886: 883: 856:northern Italy 728:Flemish Region 605: 604: 592: 588: 587: 564: 560: 559: 547: 543: 542: 533: 525: 524: 520: 519: 512: 508: 507: 502: 496: 495: 485: 475: 474: 464: 458: 457: 454: 450: 449: 445: 444: 429: 423: 422: 417: 413: 412: 409: 405: 404: 401: 397: 396: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 379: 378: 372: 365: 364: 359: 355: 354: 348: 341: 340: 327: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 302: 301: 291: 287: 286: 269: 268:Largest cities 265: 264: 261: 254: 253: 250: 243: 242: 239: 233: 232: 219: 215: 214: 180: 179: 172: 164: 163: 153: 141: 140: 132: 126: 120: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 103: 100: 99: 70: 52: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6774: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6732: 6722: 6720: 6710: 6706: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6509: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6468: 6467:East Flanders 6465: 6461: 6456: 6455:West Flanders 6453: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6364:Local regions 6362: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6274: 6269: 6267: 6262: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6088: 6085: 6080: 6074: 6070: 6065: 6064: 6055: 6052: 6044: 6040: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5977: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5900: 5897: 5884: 5880: 5878:9789020935103 5874: 5870: 5869: 5862: 5859: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5824: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5764: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5665: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5635: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5531: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5473: 5470: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5368: 5364: 5362:90-403-0251-0 5358: 5351: 5350: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5303: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5273:(in Flemish). 5272: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5142: 5139: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5117:"The Regions" 5112: 5109: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5082: 5079: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5022: 5019: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949:2-7605-1588-5 4946: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4927: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4906: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4873: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4818: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4746: 4739: 4738: 4730: 4727: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4601: 4592: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4576:(130 ft) 4572: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4470: 4464: 4433: 4430: 4423: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4370:Vaya Con Dios 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358:Rocco Granata 4355: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335:Rock Werchter 4330: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4306:Jacques Rogge 4303: 4298: 4296: 4295:Tia Hellebaut 4292: 4288: 4286: 4283:twice in the 4282: 4278: 4277:Justine Henin 4274: 4273:Kim Clijsters 4270: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4253:Gent–Wevelgem 4250: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4117: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4093:Erik Van Looy 4090: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3813: 3812:Guido Gezelle 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3796:Eneas Romance 3793: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3434:Belgian coast 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3396:Flanders Make 3393: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3356: 3354: 3353:Belgian franc 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3209:and includes 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166:deelgemeenten 3163: 3159: 3158: 3157:deelgemeenten 3152: 3150: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3080:West Flanders 3070: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2961:East Flanders 2951: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747:mergelgrotten 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2716:soils in the 2715: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639:Baarle-Nassau 2636: 2635:Baarle-Hertog 2632: 2628: 2625:in the west. 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:North Brabant 2604: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2588:Sonian Forest 2584: 2579: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2530: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442:Flemish Block 2438: 2436: 2432: 2429:, founded by 2428: 2427:List Dedecker 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2403:Flemish Block 2400: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376:pillarisation 2371: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244:state reforms 2241: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111:state reforms 2108: 2104: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019:Western Front 2013: 2009: 2005: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1988: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1975:Westerscheldt 1972: 1968: 1964: 1961:In 1830, the 1958: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1850:Peasants' War 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1814:In 1794, the 1809: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:North Brabant 1715: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1635:known as the 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1498: 1497:Low Countries 1491:Low Countries 1490: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444:in 1384, the 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1420:North Walsham 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1318:Lucas d'Heere 1313: 1308: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1264:Nordwestblock 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1178: 1175:the whole of 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1155:Julius Caesar 1150: 1143:Early history 1142: 1139: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1099:Netherlandish 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:Low Countries 1040: 1036: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:city of Lille 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 966: 965:ancien régime 959: 951: 946: 942: 941:East Flanders 938: 937:West Flanders 934: 931: 927: 923: 920: 916: 912: 908: 905: 901: 897: 896: 895: 889: 884: 882: 880: 876: 872: 871:Vlaams Gewest 868: 864: 859: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 808:West Flanders 805: 801: 797: 796:East Flanders 793: 789: 785: 784:Baarle-Hertog 781: 777: 772: 768: 764: 761:provinces of 760: 756: 752: 751:North Brabant 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 690: 684: 680: 676: 670: 644: 611: 601: 596: 593: 589: 584: 579: 573: 568: 565: 561: 556: 551: 548: 544: 539: 534: 530: 521: 517: 516:Vlaanderen.be 513: 506: 503: 501: 500:ISO 3166 code 493: 489: 486: 482: 472: 468: 465: 463: 455: 442: 439:(adjective), 438: 433: 430: 428: 421: 418: 410: 402: 389: 376: 373: 371: 368: • 363: 360: 352: 349: 347: 344: • 339: 335: 331: 328: 326: 320: • 315: 312: 299: 295: 292: 285: 281: 277: 273: 270: 262: 259: 251: 248: 240: 238: 231: 220: 211: 207:51.000; 4.500 183:Coordinates: 176: 170: 149: 148: 135: 130: 123: 118: 106: 101: 95: 88: 81: 74: 66: 59: 50: 44: 40: 36: 35: 19: 6645:Other topics 6626: 6619: 6610:Coat of arms 6442:(and cities) 6396:Pajottenland 6381:Denderstreek 6287: 6209: 6199: 6179: 6169: 6136: 6113: 6108:20 September 6106:. Retrieved 6097: 6087: 6062: 6054: 6038: 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 5993: 5979: 5967:. Retrieved 5933:. Retrieved 5916:(in Dutch). 5913: 5899: 5887:. Retrieved 5867: 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5836: 5826: 5814:. Retrieved 5810:the original 5800: 5788:. Retrieved 5781:the original 5775:(in Dutch). 5766: 5754:. Retrieved 5740: 5728:. Retrieved 5714: 5702:. Retrieved 5690: 5678: 5655: 5644:monotheistic 5637: 5625:. Retrieved 5616: 5607: 5595:. Retrieved 5577: 5567:27 September 5565:. Retrieved 5561:the original 5551: 5542: 5533: 5521:. Retrieved 5517:the original 5507: 5495:. Retrieved 5491:the original 5480: 5472: 5460:. Retrieved 5455: 5446: 5434:. Retrieved 5421: 5407: 5398: 5389: 5381: 5374:. Retrieved 5367:the original 5348: 5341: 5333: 5326:. Retrieved 5319:the original 5305: 5293:. Retrieved 5288: 5279: 5270: 5258: 5246:. Retrieved 5235: 5201: 5180: 5172:the original 5162: 5141: 5129:. Retrieved 5125:the original 5120: 5111: 5099:. Retrieved 5095:the original 5090: 5081: 5069:. Retrieved 5063:(in Dutch). 5061:De Standaard 5060: 5050: 5040:12 September 5038:. Retrieved 5031: 5021: 5009:. Retrieved 5000: 4991: 4979:. Retrieved 4970: 4931: 4926: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4887: 4879: 4875: 4863:. Retrieved 4860:lib.ugent.be 4859: 4850: 4834: 4830: 4820: 4808:. Retrieved 4799: 4790: 4778:. Retrieved 4773: 4764: 4752:. Retrieved 4745:the original 4736: 4729: 4717:. Retrieved 4708: 4696:. Retrieved 4687: 4678: 4668:18 September 4666:. Retrieved 4662: 4653: 4644: 4622:27 September 4620:. Retrieved 4610: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4528: 4519: 4504: 4499: 4432: 4374: 4366:Helmut Lotti 4362:Technotronic 4351: 4339:Tomorrowland 4332: 4314: 4299: 4289: 4271: 4265: 4246: 4232: 4229: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4184: 4167:De Standaard 4145:De Gentenaar 4143: 4133: 4127: 4116:De Persgroep 4113: 4109:Stijn Coninx 4102: 4096: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4053: 4047: 4013: 3998: 3983: 3968: 3924: 3897:Ernest Claes 3894: 3879: 3858: 3830: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3806:'s stature, 3795: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3767: 3758: 3748: 3690: 3675: 3671: 3639: 3624: 3587: 3582: 3560: 3553:A church in 3494: 3477:Demographics 3456: 3445: 3411: 3381: 3373: 3357: 3338: 3306: 3295: 3247: 3237: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3192: 3190: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3146: 3093: 3083: 3034: 3001:Sint-Niklaas 2974: 2964: 2911: 2863: 2853: 2814:Capital city 2788: 2786: 2746: 2704: 2698: 2655: 2592: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2481: 2474: 2472: 2439: 2396: 2379: 2373: 2334: 2328: 2318: 2291: 2287: 2276: 2274:(Open VLD). 2258:, currently 2233: 2227:, promoting 2221:Kris Peeters 2200: 2149: 2138: 2127: 2100: 2076: 2073:World War II 2070: 2031: 2016: 1994: 1990: 1960: 1928: 1917:Daniel Auber 1908: 1906: 1893: 1886:East Cantons 1868:at the 1815 1863: 1849: 1845: 1821:départements 1819: 1813: 1777: 1753: 1748: 1745:Baltic trade 1730: 1711: 1664: 1643:Beeldenstorm 1642: 1638:Beeldenstorm 1636: 1628: 1603: 1572: 1544: 1510:was born in 1505: 1502:Beeldenstorm 1482: 1439: 1424: 1389: 1385:Four Members 1357: 1337:West Francia 1327: 1290: 1286: 1278: 1272: 1260:Vulgar Latin 1249: 1234: 1203:Belgic tribe 1200: 1196:Roman empire 1191: 1187: 1181: 1176: 1173:Roman empire 1171:. Under the 1158: 1152: 1122: 1118:Dutch School 1117: 1111: 1092: 1080: 1064: 1031: 1008: 973: 963: 961: 893: 860: 812: 732: 678: 609: 608: 594: 440: 436: 145: 134:Coat of arms 43: 33: 6692:Agriculture 6593:Symbols and 6401:Meetjesland 6296:Territories 6016:21 February 5994:Taalschrift 5969:21 February 5935:19 February 5889:18 February 5851:21 February 5816:21 February 5790:19 February 5756:17 February 5730:19 February 5185:(in French) 5146:(in French) 5001:Planet Ware 4754:24 November 4688:Flanders.be 4539:Flemish art 4377:Ultratop 50 4354:2 Unlimited 4291:Kim Gevaert 4257:Eddy Merckx 4148: [ 4101:(2012) and 4070:Koko Flanel 3875:It shan't! 3853:Translation 3847:'t en zal! 3781:thumb spike 3776:Drawing pin 3744:Jules Lagae 3651: [ 3571:freethought 3567:Catholicism 3437: [ 3392:Flanders DC 3176:(Limburg). 2985:Dendermonde 2658:Blue Banana 2595:Netherlands 2486: [ 2012:World War I 1941:Saxe-Coburg 1902:bourgeoisie 1846:Boerenkrijg 1834:Deux-Nèthes 1599:Calvinistic 1587:Reformation 1583:Augustinian 1408:Black Death 1383:formed the 1360:Middle Ages 1283:Childeric I 1227:Toxandrians 885:Terminology 815:Middle Ages 324:(2019–2024) 205: / 6741:Categories 6662:Literature 6391:Haspengouw 6335:Margravate 5704:2 November 5660:(in Dutch) 5523:26 January 5206:(in Dutch) 5168:"Taalunie" 5121:.be Portal 5091:.be Portal 4719:30 October 4698:22 October 4602:References 4552:Antverpian 4241:". Other " 4175:publishes 4171:. Lastly, 3947:Tom Lanoye 3943:Hugo Claus 3865:It shan't! 3861:It shan't! 3837:'t en zal! 3833:'t en zal! 3771:diphthongs 3734:Statue of 3681:Healthcare 3663:Montessori 3643:subsidised 3594:in Antwerp 2997:Oudenaarde 2823:Population 2651:Plombières 2621:) and the 2543:very proud 2380:verzuiling 2325:Government 2252:government 2248:parliament 2123:Government 2043:Yser Tower 1655:hagepreken 1633:iconoclasm 1613:suppressed 1591:Anabaptist 1472:(Artois), 952:Historical 873:) and the 679:Vlaanderen 600:Vlaanderen 395:Population 351:Jan Jambon 305:Government 260:in Belgium 249:in Belgium 58:Vlaanderen 18:Vlaanderen 6687:Transport 6677:Education 6558:Elections 6438:Provinces 6098:BBC Sport 6006:1570-5560 5648:afterlife 5613:"Belgium" 5395:"be.STAT" 4981:2 January 4865:25 August 4796:"Belgium" 4564:adjective 4556:Antverpia 4343:Pukkelpop 4239:Monuments 4173:Concentra 4129:De Morgen 3965:Languages 3926:activated 3600:Education 3555:Houthalen 3521:Roeselare 3418:Rotterdam 3355:in 2002. 3240:temperate 3174:Herstappe 3170:districts 3135:1,203,312 3120:Roeselare 3104:Diksmuide 3057:1,162,084 3008:1,531,745 2885:1,875,524 2864:Antwerpen 2854:Antwerpen 2623:North Sea 2572:Geography 2350:UCLouvain 2283:education 2234:Both the 2223:, former 2063:Dietsland 2059:Verdinaso 2039:Diksmuide 1804:Joseph II 1741:Amsterdam 1714:Philip II 1605:Philip II 1595:Mennonite 1593:, then a 1579:Hanseatic 1508:Charles V 1506:In 1500, 1355:in 1191. 1236:civitates 1108:Mosan art 735:North Sea 694:) is the 555:Vlamingen 535:Fleming ( 488:UTC+02:00 467:UTC+01:00 462:Time zone 403:6,821,770 247:Community 6747:Flanders 6667:Painting 6657:Language 6550:Politics 6526:Brussels 6519:See also 6411:Waasland 6406:Westhoek 6386:Hageland 6288:Flanders 6243:Flanders 6232:Flanders 6192:(1911). 6145:Archived 6102:Archived 6043:Archived 6010:Archived 5963:Archived 5926:Archived 5883:Archived 5845:Archived 5750:Archived 5724:Archived 5695:Archived 5667:Archived 5591:Archived 5248:19 March 5242:Archived 5212:Archived 5191:Archived 5152:Archived 5071:11 March 5065:Archived 5005:Archived 4975:Archived 4936:Archived 4804:Archived 4692:Archived 4503:French: 4387:See also 4098:The Loft 3818:Original 3627:Flemings 3577:and the 3539:Religion 3529:Turnhout 3525:Kortrijk 3497:Brussels 3321:chemical 3112:Kortrijk 2931:Tongeren 2878:Turnhout 2874:Mechelen 2833:Density 2811:Province 2714:alluvial 2700:Brussels 2551:services 2394:(sp.a). 2360:Politics 2329:de facto 2238:and the 2008:Koksijde 1927:(Dutch: 1892:(Dutch: 1667:the Duke 1629:de facto 1575:Lutheran 1556:Americas 1462:Habsburg 1450:Brussels 1416:Worstead 1400:Kortrijk 1392:communes 1295:Clovis I 1256:Germanic 1211:Marsacii 1047:Southern 974:Flandria 900:Flemings 877:(Dutch: 610:Flanders 595:Flanders 563:Language 550:Flemings 443:(person) 427:Demonyms 338:Open Vld 334:CD&V 296:(partly 241:862–1795 175:Brussels 144:Anthem: 87:Flandern 53:Flanders 6719:Belgium 6705:Portals 6596:history 6508:Hasselt 6503:Limburg 6484:Antwerp 6479:Antwerp 6376:Campine 6212:(2014) 6174:excerpt 6153:29 June 6063:Belgium 5627:1 March 5597:27 June 5462:22 July 5436:22 July 5295:3 March 4810:21 June 4780:24 July 4774:Le Soir 4560:Antwerp 4505:Flandre 4140:Corelio 4138:. Then 4135:De Tijd 3825:(1860?) 3763:Flemish 3736:Gezelle 3703:Culture 3667:Freinet 3659:Steiner 3533:Hasselt 3501:Antwerp 3452:De Lijn 3361:customs 3313:Antwerp 3254:Economy 3234:Climate 3162:Antwerp 2938:880,397 2927:Maaseik 2923:Hasselt 2918:Hasselt 2912:Limburg 2908:Limburg 2870:Antwerp 2860:Antwerp 2850:Antwerp 2753:around 2751:exclave 2749:). Its 2745:caves ( 2735:calcium 2731:Campine 2726:Scheldt 2718:polders 2682:Antwerp 2662:Antwerp 2631:exclave 2611:Limburg 2603:Zeeland 2021:of the 1874:Brabant 1854:Campine 1737:Scheldt 1726:Scheldt 1617:Brabant 1547:Antwerp 1460:to the 1349:Hainaut 1291:civitas 1279:civitas 1275:Chlodio 1207:Menapii 1132:History 1125:Yiddish 1093:In the 1051:Spanish 1022:Zeeland 845:of the 843:Antwerp 830:estuary 827:Scheldt 825:to the 804:Limburg 792:Antwerp 776:enclave 763:Hainaut 759:Walloon 755:Limburg 747:Zeeland 716:Flemish 712:Fleming 708:demonym 700:Belgium 591:Country 567:Flemish 538:Vlaming 511:Website 441:Vlaming 432:Flemish 370:Speaker 272:Antwerp 230:Belgium 218:Country 190:51°00′N 73:Flandre 34:Flandre 6672:People 6605:Anthem 6496:Leuven 6460:Bruges 6340:County 6290:topics 6285: 6214:online 6184:online 6075: 6004: 5875: 5623:. 2004 5497:19 May 5376:15 May 5359: 5328:15 May 5131:23 May 5101:23 May 5011:15 May 4947: 4381:Fixkes 4345:. The 4279:) was 4208:Sports 4076:Hector 4028:Ketnet 4024:Canvas 3923:, who 3740:Bruges 3719:, and 3517:Bruges 3509:Leuven 3489:, and 3430:Ostend 3394:, and 3296:Total 3270:, and 3128:Veurne 3116:Ostend 3100:Bruges 3094:Brugge 3090:Bruges 3077: 3050:Leuven 3041:Leuven 3028: 2958: 2905: 2847: 2755:Voeren 2711:clayey 2694:Leuven 2690:Bruges 2674:Leuven 2670:Bruges 2643:Voeren 2629:is an 2627:Voeren 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2482:Koppen 2423:ROSSEM 2095:, and 2065:, and 1876:, the 1856:area. 1830:Escaut 1708:, 1622 1689:. The 1368:Bruges 1351:under 1330:feudal 1252:Celtic 1231:Kempen 1223:Tungri 1219:Nervii 1215:Morini 1149:Belgae 839:Bruges 780:Voeren 572:Vlaams 546:People 532:Person 505:BE-VLG 437:Vlaams 377:(N-VA) 353:(N-VA) 284:Leuven 280:Bruges 258:Region 227: 193:4°30′E 94:German 90: 80:French 76: 61: 6472:Ghent 6069:94–95 6046:(PDF) 6035:(PDF) 5929:(PDF) 5910:(PDF) 5784:(ppt) 5698:(PDF) 5687:(PDF) 5430:(PDF) 5370:(PDF) 5353:(PDF) 5322:(PDF) 5315:(PDF) 5267:(PDF) 4748:(PDF) 4741:(PDF) 4535:Meuse 4323:Music 4317:Bloso 4195:Knack 4152:] 4142:with 4118:with 4082:Daens 4049:Thuis 4004:Media 3992:(see 3882:Dutch 3821:from 3751:Dutch 3665:, or 3655:] 3588:Jews 3505:Ghent 3441:] 3426:Ghent 3367:—the 3317:Ghent 3124:Tielt 3108:Ypres 2993:Ghent 2989:Eeklo 2981:Aalst 2971:Ghent 2739:Meuse 2722:dikes 2686:Ghent 2666:Ghent 2534:Menen 2490:] 2419:Green 2405:(now 2341:Dutch 2077:Zwart 2027:Ypres 1915:' of 1651:Dutch 1512:Ghent 1372:Ypres 1364:Ghent 1169:Rhine 1153:When 1045:—the 835:Ghent 771:Liège 696:Dutch 675:Dutch 420:Dutch 276:Ghent 65:Dutch 6636:Flag 6155:2008 6126:, 5 6122:, 4 6118:, 3 6110:2007 6073:ISBN 6018:2011 6002:ISSN 5971:2011 5937:2011 5922:dbnl 5918:Veen 5891:2011 5873:ISBN 5853:2011 5841:dbnl 5818:2011 5792:2011 5758:2011 5732:2011 5706:2009 5629:2021 5599:2006 5569:2009 5525:2017 5499:2007 5464:2021 5438:2021 5378:2007 5357:ISBN 5330:2007 5297:2021 5250:2024 5133:2007 5103:2007 5073:2016 5042:2022 5013:2007 4983:2007 4945:ISBN 4867:2020 4812:2015 4782:2020 4756:2018 4721:2022 4700:2017 4670:2023 4624:2022 4368:and 4341:and 4300:The 4293:and 4251:and 4201:HUMO 4198:and 4183:and 4163:and 4132:and 4064:Loft 4052:and 4044:Vier 4042:and 4032:OP12 3957:and 3949:and 3941:and 3929:the 3919:and 3911:and 3903:and 3648:VSKO 3531:and 3523:and 3469:and 3428:and 3388:VITO 3384:IMEC 3376:BASF 3363:and 3349:euro 3327:and 3325:1973 3315:and 3288:The 3216:The 3191:The 2975:Gent 2830:Area 2801:and 2773:and 2743:marl 2707:Yser 2672:and 2609:and 2586:The 2479:and 2368:and 2335:The 2323:and 2312:The 2250:and 2166:and 2150:The 2145:RTBF 2121:and 1842:Dyle 1840:and 1794:and 1731:The 1671:Alba 1565:The 1551:Alps 1536:gout 1478:1678 1476:and 1474:1668 1470:1659 1466:1556 1458:1477 1418:and 1376:wool 1370:and 1333:fief 1241:Loon 1213:and 1190:and 996:and 939:and 851:wool 837:and 806:and 769:and 753:and 743:Nord 492:CEST 382:Area 330:N-VA 290:Seat 263:1980 252:1970 122:Flag 6415:... 4918:163 4839:doi 4550:An 4040:vtm 4036:BVN 4020:één 4016:VRT 3996:). 3984:In 3794:'s 3738:in 3575:ACV 3290:A12 3248:Cfb 2617:in 2601:in 2352:in 2037:in 1872:in 1826:Lys 1824:of 1751:". 1669:of 1558:." 1335:in 1053:or 1006:TGV 741:of 578:VGT 481:DST 471:CET 448:GDP 32:SS 6743:: 6198:. 6112:. 6100:. 6096:. 6071:. 6041:. 6037:. 6008:. 6000:. 5992:. 5945:^ 5912:. 5881:. 5835:. 5689:. 5615:. 5589:. 5585:. 5541:. 5454:. 5397:. 5380:. 5332:. 5287:. 5269:. 5234:. 5223:^ 5119:. 5089:. 5030:. 5003:. 4999:. 4969:. 4956:^ 4858:. 4833:, 4829:, 4802:. 4798:. 4772:. 4686:. 4661:. 4643:. 4632:^ 4581:^ 4490:-/ 4471:; 4457:ər 4448:ɑː 4372:. 4364:, 4360:, 4337:, 4319:. 4255:. 4204:. 4189:. 4150:nl 4111:. 4058:. 4030:, 4026:, 4022:, 3961:. 3937:, 3899:, 3715:, 3711:, 3699:. 3661:, 3653:nl 3519:, 3485:, 3443:. 3439:nl 3424:, 3398:. 3390:, 3386:, 3266:, 3262:, 3246:: 3213:. 3132:64 3126:, 3122:, 3118:, 3114:, 3110:, 3106:, 3102:, 3054:60 3048:, 3005:65 2999:, 2995:, 2991:, 2987:, 2983:, 2935:44 2929:, 2925:, 2882:69 2876:, 2872:, 2805:. 2797:, 2680:. 2668:, 2664:, 2660:. 2605:, 2488:nl 2456:. 2437:. 2091:, 2061:, 2057:, 2045:. 2029:. 1836:, 1832:, 1828:, 1790:, 1762:. 1697:. 1653:: 1611:, 1542:. 1480:. 1366:, 1198:. 1120:. 1090:. 1049:, 932:". 858:. 802:, 798:, 794:, 790:: 765:, 749:, 677:: 673:; 669:-/ 647:, 637:ər 628:ɑː 575:), 336:, 332:, 282:, 278:, 274:, 6707:: 6510:) 6506:( 6498:) 6494:( 6486:) 6482:( 6474:) 6470:( 6462:) 6458:( 6272:e 6265:t 6258:v 6140:" 6081:. 6020:. 5973:. 5939:. 5893:. 5855:. 5820:. 5794:. 5760:. 5734:. 5708:. 5650:. 5631:. 5601:. 5571:. 5545:. 5527:. 5501:. 5483:" 5466:. 5440:. 5415:. 5401:. 5299:. 5252:. 5135:. 5105:. 5075:. 5044:. 5015:. 4985:. 4951:. 4920:. 4869:. 4841:: 4835:4 4814:. 4784:. 4758:. 4723:. 4702:. 4672:. 4647:. 4626:. 4541:. 4487:n 4484:æ 4481:l 4478:f 4475:/ 4463:/ 4460:z 4454:d 4451:n 4445:l 4442:f 4439:/ 3757:( 3507:- 3503:- 3499:- 3096:) 3092:( 3086:) 3082:( 3068:5 3037:) 3033:( 3019:4 2977:) 2973:( 2967:) 2963:( 2949:3 2914:) 2910:( 2896:2 2866:) 2862:( 2856:) 2852:( 2838:1 2597:( 2536:. 2444:/ 2378:( 2262:( 1848:( 1324:. 1102:" 1028:. 1013:. 906:. 666:n 663:æ 660:l 657:f 654:ˈ 651:/ 643:/ 640:z 634:d 631:n 625:l 622:f 619:ˈ 616:/ 612:( 603:) 597:( 586:) 580:( 569:( 558:) 552:( 541:) 494:) 490:( 483:) 473:) 469:( 300:) 96:) 92:( 82:) 78:( 67:) 63:( 41:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index