834:
819:
994:
558:
81:
950:
126:
285:
111:
280:
1268:
1330:
607:
concluded grimly: "All local volunteers are unreliable during enemy contact. Principal reason of unreliability is the employment of these volunteers in the East." Two days previously, the German army had given permission to the KTB to take harsh measures in the event of further cases of rebellion or unreliability, investing regimental commanders with far-reaching powers to hold summary courts and execute the verdicts.
660:
1452:
1390:
796:; Vlasov was critical of such remarks and replied to the Nazi concerns that "the Jewish question" "was an internal Russian problem and would be dealt with after they had accomplished the primary aim of overthrowing the existing regime"; however, antisemitism frequently appeared in the pro-Vlasov Nazi and collaborationist newspapers, including the ones edited by Zykov, often in form of articles reprinted from the
1288:
1370:
778:); the influence of the NTS on the Manifesto is seen in the description of the future system of Russia as a "national-labour" system, some of Vlasov's chief commanders joined the NTS. All of these documents granted the basic democratic freedoms and rights, including the right of the nations to self-determination and to separate from Russia and did not contain antisemitic remarks and invectives;
1472:
1432:
1410:
1248:
38:
1492:
1310:
2833:
290:
1350:
268:
717:
594:). These latter were generally deployed in a security role at the rear of the armies and army groups in the East, where they constituted a major part of the German effort to counter the activity of Soviet partisan forces, dating as far back as early 1942. The Germans were, however, always concerned about their reliability.
1758:
Group Center report (RH20-2/558 ”Zusammenstellung über
Osttruppen”, HG Mitte Ia 12303/43, 25.10.43) identifies 16 battalions and several companies which had already departed for the West by late October, with an additional 20 (again, plus several companies) designated for transfer, and a further 12 being prepared.
1728:
There are many reports of such incidents in the reporting of the army commands in the East. See f.e. BA-MA RH20-2/636. AOK 2 Ia 2749/43, 9.8.43, RH20-2/558 (concern over the night mutinies)(”Bericht über die
Meutereien in der Nacht vom 12. zum 13.9.43“, 16.9.43, RH20-2/558 ”Bericht über die geplante
606:
absenteeism had risen considerably. Following a series of attempted or successful mutinies, and a surge in desertions, the
Germans decided in September 1943 that the reliability of the units had fallen to a level where they were more a liability than an asset. In an October 1943 report, the 8th Army
1578:
Based on the unpublished account of the 44th
Division intelligence officer who met with Vlasov and negotiated his surrender in Austria. The surrender involved assurances from SHEAF headquarters in Paris that the ROA who surrendered to the Americans would not be sent back to the Soviets. His account
496:
referred to as "ROA" by the Nazi propaganda served directly under German command and were not formalized as separate units, while the image of Vlasov was a mere propaganda weapon. On 14 November 1944, it was officially formed as the Armed Forces of the
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of
1757:
A 4 November 2nd Army report names just 9 units (it had more than 60 in
September) who were to remain with the Army, the rest having been or being in the process of transfer to the West, or disbandment. (See RH20-2/558 ”Auskämmaktion unzuverlässiger Ostverbände” AOK 2 Ia 4454/43, 4.11.43). An Army
804:
The Nazis were suspicious of Vlasov, his organisation and his ideological position, and the
Gestapo warned about the possibility of the Vlasovites betraying the Reich. The suspicions and criticism of the Vlasovites from the Reich officials was summarised in a document by the Ministry of Propaganda
800:
with the citation of the source. The program documents were also written as a compromise with Nazism to various extents: the
Smolensk declaration included some pro-Nazi points ("Germany was not fighting the war against the Russian people and their homeland but merely against Bolshevism"), and the
1049:
and other U.S. troops. In a move that Allied command kept secret for many years, they were then forcefully handed over to the
Soviets by the Western Allies, due to a previous agreement between Churchill and Stalin that all ROA soldiers would be returned to the USSR. Some Allied officers who were
809:
who described his concerns about the movement being "not
National Socialist": "It is significant that it does not fight Jewry, that the Jewish Question is not recognized as such at all"; instead it presented "a watered-down infusion of liberal and Bolshevik ideologies", and Taubert described the
2837:
754:(an important document which was written by rather minor members of the KONR as open for discussion and was not recognized as an official program), both to the Western capitalism and Stalinism, which was called by the word "Bolshevism" and described in the Manifesto not as
1191:
969:. The only active combat the Russian Liberation Army undertook against the Red Army was by the Oder River on 11 April 1945, largely at the insistence of Himmler, as a test of the army's reliability. After three days, the outnumbered 1st Division had to retreat.
576:
Although Hitler's staff repeatedly refused to even consider the idea, Vlasov and his allies reasoned that Hitler would eventually come to realize the futility of a war against the USSR without winning over the Russian people, and respond to Vlasov's demands.
501:, but would directly be under the command of KONR, and Vlasov became the commander in chief of the ROA. In May 1945, the 1st divison of the ROA, while being the only completed division of the existing three, switched sides and joined the anti-Nazi
1023:
units that had been sent to level the city. The ROA units, armed with heavy weaponry, fended off the relentless SS assault, and together with the Czech insurgents succeeded in preserving most of Prague from destruction. Due to the predominance of
198:
979:
Vlasov then ordered the first division to march south to concentrate all Russian anti-communist forces loyal to him. As an army, he reasoned, they could all surrender to the Western Allies on "favorable" terms, which particularly meant no
3042:
738:
696:
984:
to the Soviet Union. Vlasov sent several secret delegations to the Western Allies to begin negotiating a surrender, hoping they would sympathise with the goals of ROA and potentially use it in an inevitable future war with the USSR.
1729:
Meuterei in der Nacht vom 19. zum 20 September 1943“, 23.9.43, RH20-2/558 Komm.d.rückw. Armee-gebiet 580 3666/43, 30.9.43, RH20-2/558 „Zuverlässigkeit der Ostverbänden“, “ Komm. Der Osttruppen z.b.v. 720 beim Aok 2 1042/43, 7.10.43
3612:
523:, which can be translated as "those willing to help") were not under any Russian command or control; they were exclusively under German command carrying out various non-combat duties. A number of them were employed at the
3113:
1738:
RH20-8/979 >„Zuverlässigkeit landeseigener Verbände“, AOK 8 Ia 4844/3, 1.10.43 "“Alle landeseigenen Verbände sind bei Feindberührung unzuverlässig. Hauptgrunde der Unzuverlässigkeit sind der Einsatz der Verbände im
2970:
1202:
685:
wrote that Vlasov's " program shows that he was entirely out of sympathy with Nazism, and only concerned with a democratic Russia." Ideologically, the Vlasov movement was between the Russian nationalism of the
601:
had to withdraw Sturm-Btl. AOK 2 in order to deal with what was described as "several mutinies and desertions of Eastern units". A 14 September communication from the army states that in the recent period,
1013:
against the German occupation, which started on May 5, 1945. Vlasov was initially reluctant to agree to that move, but ultimately did not resist General Bunyachenko's decision to fight against the Germans.
3570:
3353:
713:
and the creation of its Manifesto, the political organization of the Vlasovites, Zykov was a major ideologue of the Vlasov army and participated in writing of the other Vlasovite program documents.
3901:
3106:
497:
Russia, with the KONR being formed as a political body to which the army pledged loyalty. On 28 January 1945, it was officially declared that the Russian divisions no longer form part of the
3896:
3314:
2087:
320:
307:
3826:
471:(1917–23). The political platform of the ROA was formulated mainly by Vlasov and his associates, who were products of Soviet society, so the declared principles of the Vlasovites were
3891:
580:
Irrespective of the political wrangling over Vlasov and the status of the ROA, by mid-1943 several hundred thousand ex-Soviet volunteers were serving in the German forces, either as
3099:
3210:
1227:
2025:
1990:
2818:
1567:
857:
710:
414:
130:
51:
2186:
3217:
3515:
782:
also contained an attempt in critique of Marxism and denied both internationalism and national chauvinism. However, antisemitic remarks were made in one of the speeches of
3722:
833:
818:
690:, as its ideologues surrounded Vlasov with the support of the Nazis, and the other POWs which held to more social democratic views; some of Vlasov's close associates like
610:
Since it was felt that the reliability of Russian volunteers would improve if they were removed from contact with the local population, it was decided to send them to the
3876:
3601:
2804:
2795:
2716:
2096:
1529:
378:
3845:
3767:
750:
The Vlasovites opposed their programs, the Smolensk Declaration, Vlasov's open letter "Why I Decided to Fight against Bolshevism", the Prague Manifesto of the KONR and
3886:
2634:
2544:
2527:
860:. This document stated the purposes of the battle against Stalin, and spelled out 14 points which the army was fighting for. German insistence that the document carry
2515:
569:, hoping that the green light would be given for the formation of a real armed force that would be exclusively under Russian control. They were able to win over only
3803:
2532:
3838:
3774:
3320:
2229:
551:
2026:
Elizabeth M.F. Grasmeder, "Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers," International Security (July 2021), Vol 46 (No. 1), pp. 147–195.
1991:
Elizabeth M.F. Grasmeder, "Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers," International Security (July 2021), Vol 46 (No. 1), pp. 147–195.
3716:
3665:
3326:
2666:
902:
880:
993:
2721:
2646:
2306:
2080:
1061:, and those who were repatriated were tried and sentenced to detention in prison camps. Vlasov and several other leaders of the ROA were tried and hanged in
3138:
3299:
3163:
3070:
2296:
2291:
1539:
557:
1857:
3331:
3247:
3158:
2537:
2522:
3145:
3444:
3224:
3152:
2738:
2149:
80:
3080:
2909:
2412:
687:
3808:
3343:
2696:
2073:
531:'s strength was USSR citizens. Soon, several German commanders began to use them in small armed units for various tasks, including combat against
949:
709:. Despite being captured by the Nazi secret police and killed, ostensibly for his Jewish origins and for his views, before the formation of the
3737:
3348:
3271:
2279:
1046:
3743:
3453:
2788:
1799:
1547:
917:, which caused it to nearly double in size as it marched south. A third, the 3rd Infantry (700th German Infantry), had only begun formation.
2733:
2475:
810:
concern with "strong Anglophile sympathies" and it "toying with the idea of a possible change of course" while not "feel bound to Germany".
3368:
3294:
2355:
2030:
1042:. The Western Allies, however, were not interested in aiding or sheltering the ROA, fearing such aid would harm relations with the USSR.
3787:
3257:
2460:
2257:
1601:
2904:
946:
as the turn of events did not permit Vlasov to use the troops in any operation (even reliable communications were often impossible).
3189:
2156:
2100:
2035:
1924:
1897:
1668:
801:
Manifesto included a number of criticims of the Western Allies as a compromise with Himmler's insistence to add antisemitic points.
2894:
565:
Meanwhile, the newly captured Soviet general Vlasov, along with his German and Russian allies, was desperately lobbying the German
479:
of 1917, while they tried to avoid Nazi antisemitism and chauvinism and form a political movement independent of the Nazi control.
284:
3881:
3520:
2848:
2841:
2781:
2706:
2624:
2219:
1534:
2711:
965:
A small group of ROA volunteers fought against the Red Army on 9 February 1945. Their fighting spirit earned them the praise of
3304:
3286:
2269:
2609:
2054:
3402:
914:
174:
617:
Many of these battalions were integrated into the divisions in the West. A number of the Russian soldiers were on guard in
3309:
3060:
2676:
2365:
925:
2059:
770:, and to ideals of either a "Russia without Bolsheviks and Capitalists" (Smolensk Declaration and the open letter), or a
2884:
2828:
2586:
2549:
2510:
611:
452:
217:
193:
56:
2651:
1858:
https://publish.iupress.indiana.edu/read/revolution-and-politics-in-russia/section/5fca03a9-07f9-4566-b065-5cba78d09c4d
2889:
2879:
2681:
2629:
2166:
3623:
1186:
2065:
3393:
2758:
2726:
2691:
2671:
2400:
1660:
1182:
1110:
2049:
1958:
1815:
Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee, and the CIA - Eric Thomas Chester - Google Books
3781:
3690:
3579:
3012:
2745:
2661:
2427:
2370:
721:
597:
Following the German defeats in the summer of 1943 the units began to disintegrate. On 12 September for example,
3727:
2899:
2753:
2480:
2284:
2224:
2214:
2139:
675:
with the Russian imperial double-headed eagle above him; the drawing is dedicated to the Russian White general
1197:
792:
1050:
sympathetic to the ROA soldiers permitted them to escape in small groups into the American-controlled zones.
3586:
2701:
2656:
2614:
2596:
2591:
2505:
2445:
2437:
2432:
2417:
2345:
2209:
2171:
973:
566:
498:
386:
3173:
3032:
2191:
1606:
869:
626:
3541:
3075:
2450:
2234:
2055:
Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in World War II by Lt. Gen Wladyslaw Anders and Antonio Munoz
483:
described their political program as "democratic" while the Nazis called it an "infusion of liberal and
972:
On 28 January 1945, it was officially declared that the Russian divisions no longer formed part of the
888:
1142:
954:
787:
744:
550:
volunteered to serve under German command just to get out of Nazi POW camps, which were notorious for
3700:
3555:
2950:
2559:
2407:
2395:
2385:
2239:
2199:
1009:
During the march south, the first division of the ROA came to the help of the Czech partisans in the
929:
598:
539:
528:
524:
2965:
1748:
Recorded for instance in RH20-2/558 ”Verlegung von Landeseigenen Verbänden“ AOK 2 Ia 989/43, 30.9.43
1126:
3494:
3231:
2982:
2564:
2465:
2380:
2264:
845:
persuaded a very reluctant Hitler to permit the formation of 10 Russian Liberation Army divisions.
763:
762:", and proclaimed their devotion to "completing the Revolution" of 1917 without distinguishing the
3037:
1034:("council"), the first division had to leave the city the very next day and tried to surrender to
933:
733:
691:
3466:
3428:
3168:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2274:
1623:
1524:
1120:
1104:
1098:
884:
767:
476:
246:
2773:
998:
937:
729:
460:
3091:
1719:
Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (BA-MA) RH20-2/558 ”Entweichen von HiWi”, AOK 2 Ia 3385/43, 14.9.43
3473:
3414:
3378:
3017:
2955:
2639:
2144:
1920:
1893:
1795:
1664:
632:
A total of 71 "Eastern" battalions served on the Eastern Front, while 42 battalions served in
468:
46:
1842:
1814:
940:
formations, had agreed to become a part of Vlasov's army. However, their membership remained
3487:
2992:
2977:
2960:
2874:
2244:
2204:
1615:
1579:
remained unpublished because at the time of his death it was still considered highly secret.
1178:
1039:
966:
910:
853:
842:
806:
783:
759:
570:
547:
532:
519:
324:
250:
203:
3685:
3459:
3421:
3065:
2686:
2323:
1010:
958:
895:
682:
502:
480:
472:
456:
311:
208:
3660:
3007:
2853:
2823:
2569:
2554:
2497:
2335:
2161:
1916:"Enemies of the People" Under the Soviets: A History of Repression and Its Consequences
279:
1267:
1196:, defected and became part of the ROA air force, which was commanded by Major General
659:
651:
The Russian Liberation Army Air Arm was disbanded in July 1944 before seeing combat.
3870:
3649:
3264:
3027:
3022:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2945:
2350:
2340:
2176:
2127:
1627:
1035:
921:
906:
861:
822:
771:
676:
394:
239:
1329:
3705:
3548:
3123:
2930:
2604:
2301:
2122:
1451:
1389:
981:
390:
340:
188:
116:
1703:"РОА: предатели или патриоты? | История, культура и традиции Рязанского края"
1287:
1971:
1914:
1826:
1789:
451:
Vlasov agreed to collaborate with Nazi Germany after having been captured on the
3675:
2311:
2113:
706:
668:
586:
492:
96:
1828:
Vlasov: Translated from the German by Abe Farbstein. [1st American Ed.]
1369:
475:, right of the nations to self-determination and devotion to the ideals of the
3480:
3337:
1847:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1958.
1657:
Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement: Soviet Reality and Emigré Theories
1471:
1431:
1409:
1045:
More than a thousand soldiers were initially taken into Allied custody by the
1025:
873:
672:
464:
891:, it fought briefly on the Oder Front before switching sides and helping the
27:
Nazi German military unit mostly composed of Soviet defectors in World War II
3853:
3200:
2619:
2579:
2574:
2375:
1771:
1685:
The Stalingrad Cauldron: Inside the Encirclement and Destruction of 6th Army
1019:
865:
826:
755:
543:
484:
289:
147:
1247:
401:
general who had defected, and members of the army are often referred to as
17:
1491:
1309:
716:
2422:
2181:
1619:
664:
618:
398:
382:
143:
1349:
614:, and the majority of them were re-deployed in late 1943 or early 1944.
267:
3408:
1058:
942:
702:
637:
633:
490:
The ROA existed only in Nazi propaganda until November 1944, while the
1873:
The Unknown Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht and Hitler's Foreign Soldiers
1702:
724:, a major contributor to the Vlasov Movement and author of the memoir
3642:
3630:
1602:"Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers"
1062:
1002:
892:
849:
641:
883:(600th Infantry), was fully organised, under the command of General
2050:
Russian Liberation Army information page by veteran Alexander Dubov
2390:
992:
948:
832:
817:
715:
658:
645:
622:
556:
1030:
868:, but they were obliged to include a statement criticising the
3095:
2777:
2069:
535:, driving vehicles, carrying wounded, and delivering supplies.
1940:
31:
841:
The ROA did not officially exist until autumn of 1944, after
2819:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR)
671:
depicts Vlasov as a far-right reactionary surrounded by the
546:
in hopes of joining an army that did not exist. Many Soviet
527:, where it was estimated that as much as one quarter of the
455:. The soldiers of the ROA command were mostly former Soviet
876:" that were "allies of Stalin in his conquest of Europe".
997:
Mass grave of two generals and 187 unknown ROA soldiers,
743:, the leading ideologue of the ROA and a "Marxist"; Gen.
428:
Vooruzhonnyye sily Komiteta osvobozhdeniya narodov Rossii
1147:
Did not finish forming, had about 10,000 unarmed men.
909:
but was sent into action under the command of General
625:
but, without the equipment or motivation to fight the
2009:
Corridor of Honour. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis 1958.
858:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
711:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
421:Вооружённые силы Комитета освобождения народов России
415:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
131:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
52:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
3902:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
989:
Fight against the Germans and capture by the Soviets
3819:
3796:
3759:
3600:
3569:
3533:
3508:
3442:
3392:
3366:
3285:
3245:
3198:
3182:
3130:
2918:
2862:
2811:
2495:
2322:
2121:
2111:
2004:– CBS Documentary Documentary Series, December 1962
976:, but would be directly under the command of KONR.
463:, some of whom were veterans of the anti-communist
274:
262:
257:
233:
228:
181:
169:
161:
153:
139:
104:
90:
73:
1766:
1764:
3897:Military units and formations established in 1942
1530:Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union
1053:The Soviet government labelled all ROA soldiers (
2476:Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam
584:s or in Eastern volunteer units (referred to as
3804:Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany
913:. This division was joined in large numbers by
3892:White movement collaborators with Nazi Germany
2230:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
2097:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
905:(650th Infantry), was incomplete when it left
864:rhetoric was successfully parried by Vlasov's
3107:
2805:Russian collaborationism with the Axis powers
2789:
2081:
1883:
1881:
1131:Not fully armed or prepared, had 11,856 men.
441:
433:
426:
419:
406:
371:
364:
352:
344:
333:
8:
3851:
1941:"75. výročí konce 2. světové války v Evropě"
1207:. The air force was disbanded in July 1944.
1972:"Русская Освободительная Армия 1942-45гг."
1890:Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941-45
1697:
1695:
1693:
728:; unidentified SS officer; SS propagandist
45:It has been suggested that this article be
3597:
3566:
3530:
3505:
3439:
3389:
3363:
3282:
3242:
3195:
3114:
3100:
3092:
2796:
2782:
2774:
2118:
2108:
2088:
2074:
2066:
1867:
1865:
1163:(1st Eastern Squadron-Russian) (1943–1944)
1017:The first division engaged in battle with
393:. Since January 1945, the army was led by
79:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
920:Several other Russian units, such as the
879:By February 1945, only one division, the
3877:Foreign volunteer units of the Wehrmacht
3081:National Alliance of Russian Solidarists
2910:30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
2002:Army of the Damned: on Twentieth Century
1079:
663:Caricature "General Vlasov, the Russian
3887:Russian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1592:
1559:
936:of Ataman Domanov, and other primarily
2280:Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists
85:General Vlasov and soldiers of the ROA
70:
2060:Russian Liberation Army, rare footage
1548:National Committee for a Free Germany
837:ROA troops in Belgium or France, 1944
7:
2356:East Turkestan independence movement
1170:(Night Harassment Squadron) 8 (1945)
1113:. Had a total of around 20,000 men.
538:As a result, some Red Army soldiers
2461:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1875:. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012. Print.
1772:""Рубать немцев, освободить Прагу""
561:Training classes for recruits, 1944
411:). In 1944, it became known as the
3728:Russian Protective Corps in Serbia
2829:National Socialist Party of Russia
1959:"Кто в 1945 году освободил Прагу?"
1600:Grasmeder, Elizabeth M.F. (2021).
1109:Included members of the disbanded
552:starving Soviet prisoners to death
25:
3190:Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany
2157:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1892:. Osprey Publishing. p. 28.
1794:. Oxford University Press. 1990.
1687:. N.p.: U of Kansas, 2013. Print.
1543:foreign volunteers and conscripts
1136:700th (Russian) Infantry Division
1118:650th (Russian) Infantry Division
1096:600th (Russian) Infantry Division
705:", Zykov was also described as a
3521:Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce
3122:Ranks, uniforms and insignia of
2258:Russian People's Liberation Army
2220:National Committee of Azerbaijan
2031:It's Too Early To Forgive Vlasov
1996:The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956
1791:The Great Terror: A Reassessment
1535:Russian Monument (Liechtenstein)
1490:
1470:
1450:
1430:
1408:
1388:
1368:
1348:
1328:
1308:
1286:
1266:
1246:
1187:Bronislav Romanovich Antilevsky
335:Russkaya osvoboditel'naya armiya
288:
283:
278:
266:
124:
109:
36:
3305:National Socialist Flyers Corps
2905:1st SS Special Regiment Waräger
2270:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
3315:National Socialist Motor Corps
2895:Russian National People's Army
732:; Captain von Dellingshausen;
175:We Are Marching in Wide Fields
1:
3310:German Air Sports Association
3061:Eastern Front of World War II
2849:Russian People's Labour Party
2366:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1161:Ostfliegerstaffel (russische)
926:XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
629:, most promptly surrendered.
329:Русская освободительная армия
3723:Independent State of Croatia
2885:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
1998:by Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn
100:) / 1944 (officially) – 1945
3272:Esoteric insignia of the SS
2890:First Russian National Army
2880:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
2351:Central Asian collaborators
2167:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
442:
427:
372:
353:
334:
62:Proposed since August 2024.
3918:
3695:
3394:Reich Security Main Office
3354:Women's Auxiliary Services
2401:First Indian National Army
1919:. McFarland. p. 171.
1661:Cambridge University Press
1655:Catherine Andreev (1987).
1183:Semyon Trofimovich Bychkov
379:collaborationist formation
3691:Byelorussian Home Defence
3053:
3013:Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt
2472:Vietnamese collaborators
2371:Defenders of the Homeland
2107:
1427:
1305:
1260:General der Waffengattung
1243:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
856:before the newly created
825:speaking to ROA men near
726:Against Stalin and Hitler
722:Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt
701:described themselves as "
513:These volunteers (called
434:
420:
407:
365:
345:
328:
316:Russische Befreiungsarmee
275:Flags of the KONR and ROA
78:
3624:Groupe mobile de réserve
2900:Russian Protective Corps
2457:Taiwanese collaborators
2285:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2225:National Republican Army
2215:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2140:Albanian Fascist Militia
2036:The St. Petersburg Times
1913:Julicher, Peter (2015).
1198:Maltsev Viktor Ivanovich
1138:3rd Division of the KONR
1121:2nd Division of the KONR
1099:1st Division of the KONR
852:, Vlasov read aloud the
381:, primarily composed of
165:Vlasovites ("Vlasovtsy")
3882:Russian Liberation Army
3696:Russian Liberation Army
3666:Italian Social Republic
3602:Collaborationist forces
3287:Nazi Paramilitary ranks
2870:Russian Liberation Army
2812:Political organizations
2438:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2433:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2418:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
2346:Burma Independence Army
2253:Russian Liberation Army
2210:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
2172:Belarusian Home Defence
2136:Albanian collaborators
1888:Jurado, Carlos (1983).
1566:as Armed Forces of the
1073:The composition of the
901:A second division, the
459:but also included some
303:Russian Liberation Army
199:Operation April Weather
74:Russian Liberation Army
3852:
3174:League of German Girls
3033:Konstantin Voskoboinik
2442:Russian collaborators
2428:Malayan Volunteer Army
2249:Russian collaborators
2192:Finnish Defence Forces
1607:International Security
1177:Two ace pilots of the
1047:44th Infantry Division
1006:
962:
838:
830:
747:
679:
562:
315:
3454:Administrative police
3076:Russian Fascist Party
2451:Russian Fascist Party
2307:Polish Wehrmacht Army
2235:Romanian Armed Forces
2187:Croatian Armed Forces
1977:Retrieved 2019-07-12.
1871:Müller, Rolf-Dieter.
1844:Problems of Communism
996:
952:
836:
821:
798:Völkischer Beobachter
793:Völkischer Beobachter
780:Bloknot Propagandista
776:Bloknot Propagandista
752:Bloknot Propagandista
719:
662:
592:landeseigene Verbände
590:("Eastern units") or
560:
461:White Russian émigrés
157:125,000 troops (1945)
134:(since November 1944)
3587:Deutsche Jägerschaft
3327:Reich Labour Service
3321:Reichsluftschutzbund
2951:Constantine Kromiadi
2413:Korean collaborators
2408:Inner Mongolian Army
2396:Indian National Army
2240:Royal Hungarian Army
1620:10.1162/isec_a_00411
930:Helmuth von Pannwitz
790:'s interview to the
655:Ideology and program
525:Battle of Stalingrad
413:Armed Forces of the
385:, that fought under
359:, also known as the
243:(since January 1945)
120:(until January 1945)
3580:Forstschutzkommando
3495:Technische Nothilfe
3232:Geheime Feldpolizei
2983:Vyacheslav Naumenko
2466:Takasago Volunteers
2381:Gando Special Force
2332:Arakan Defense Army
2265:Security Battalions
1081:
1065:on August 1, 1946.
953:Vlasov and General
764:February Revolution
517:, a compression of
3467:Feuerschutzpolizei
3429:Sicherheitspolizei
3183:Ranks and insignia
2941:Sultan Klych-Girey
2936:Bronislav Kaminski
2926:Sergei Bunyachenko
2275:Slovene Home Guard
2007:Fersen, Nicholas.
1945:vitezstvi.praha.eu
1525:Operation Keelhaul
1276:General-leytenant
1273:Генерал-лейтенант
1105:Sergei Bunyachenko
1080:
1007:
963:
885:Sergei Bunyachenko
872:, labelling them "
848:On 14 November in
839:
831:
768:October Revolution
748:
680:
563:
477:Russian Revolution
373:Vlasovskaya armiya
247:Sergei Bunyachenko
3864:
3863:
3755:
3754:
3596:
3595:
3565:
3564:
3529:
3528:
3504:
3503:
3474:Luftschutzpolizei
3438:
3437:
3415:Sicherheitsdienst
3388:
3387:
3379:Bahnschutzpolizei
3362:
3361:
3344:Organisation Todt
3281:
3280:
3241:
3240:
3089:
3088:
3071:Lienz extradition
3018:Sergey Taboritsky
2956:Antonina Makarova
2863:Combat formations
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2750:
2601:
2491:
2490:
2362:Chin Defense Army
2326:collaborationists
2297:Wehrmacht foreign
2292:Waffen-SS foreign
2196:
2130:collaborationists
2039:, 6 November 2001
1801:978-0-19-507132-0
1516:
1515:
1224:Translisteration
1151:
1150:
1028:in the new Czech
957:(center) meeting
469:Russian Civil War
432:, abbreviated as
296:
295:
244:
135:
121:
69:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
3909:
3857:
3631:Milice française
3598:
3567:
3531:
3506:
3488:Schutzmannschaft
3440:
3390:
3364:
3332:German Red Cross
3283:
3243:
3196:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3093:
3046:
2993:Anatoly Rogozhin
2978:Mikhail Meandrov
2974:
2961:Vasily Malyshkin
2875:Kaminski Brigade
2845:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2775:
2748:
2599:
2245:Royal Iraqi Army
2194:
2119:
2109:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1597:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1494:
1474:
1454:
1434:
1412:
1392:
1372:
1352:
1332:
1312:
1290:
1270:
1250:
1228:Comparative rank
1215:
1214:
1206:
1195:
1179:Soviet Air Force
1168:Störkampfstaffel
1143:Mikhail Shapalov
1111:Kaminsky Brigade
1082:
1077:was as follows:
1005:, Czech Republic
967:Heinrich Himmler
955:Georgi Zhilenkov
911:Mikhail Meandrov
854:Prague Manifesto
843:Heinrich Himmler
807:Eberhard Taubert
788:Georgi Zhilenkov
784:Vasily Malyshkin
760:state capitalism
745:Georgi Zhilenkov
742:
700:
573:to some extent.
571:Alfred Rosenberg
548:prisoners of war
533:Soviet partisans
457:prisoners of war
445:
437:
436:
430:
423:
422:
410:
409:
375:
368:
367:
366:Власовская армия
356:
348:
347:
337:
330:
323:
310:
292:
287:
282:
270:
251:Mikhail Meandrov
242:
204:Prague offensive
133:
129:
128:
127:
119:
115:
113:
112:
83:
71:
60:
40:
39:
32:
21:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3815:
3792:
3751:
3738:Slovak Republic
3734:Czechoslovakia
3686:Armenian Legion
3592:
3561:
3542:Transportflotte
3525:
3500:
3445:Ordnungspolizei
3434:
3422:Zollgrenzschutz
3403:Kriminalpolizei
3384:
3358:
3277:
3237:
3194:
3178:
3126:
3120:
3090:
3085:
3066:Prague uprising
3049:
3040:
2968:
2914:
2858:
2831:
2807:
2802:
2772:
2763:
2516:Italian Albania
2487:
2318:
2126:
2103:
2094:
2017:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:www.svoboda.org
1770:
1769:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1521:
1280:Generalleutnant
1229:
1213:
1200:
1189:
1137:
1119:
1097:
1071:
1069:Order of battle
1011:Prague uprising
999:Olšany Cemetery
991:
961:(February 1945)
959:Joseph Goebbels
915:eastern workers
896:liberate Prague
816:
736:
730:Gunter d'Alquen
720:Left to right:
694:
683:Robert Conquest
657:
511:
503:Prague uprising
481:Robert Conquest
473:anti-capitalism
319:
306:
299:
253:
249:
245:
235:
224:
209:Prague Uprising
146:
125:
123:
122:
110:
108:
86:
65:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3717:Einsatzstaffel
3710:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3661:Black Brigades
3655:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3575:
3573:
3571:Forest Service
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3556:Transportkorps
3552:
3545:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3398:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Boris Shteifon
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2966:Viktor Maltsev
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2854:Zuyev Republic
2851:
2846:
2826:
2824:Lokot Autonomy
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:East Turkestan
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2511:German Albania
2502:
2500:
2498:Axis countries
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:Vanguard Youth
2478:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Armistice Army
2333:
2329:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2162:Armistice Army
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2145:Balli Kombëtar
2142:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2105:
2104:
2101:Imperial Japan
2095:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2015:External links
2013:
2012:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1950:
1932:
1925:
1905:
1898:
1877:
1861:
1850:
1834:
1831:. Knopf. 1970.
1818:
1807:
1800:
1781:
1760:
1750:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1712:
1689:
1683:Ellis, Frank.
1676:
1669:
1640:
1614:(1): 147–195.
1591:
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1460:Unter-ofitser
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1342:Oberstleutnant
1339:
1336:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:General-mayor
1294:
1293:Генерал-майор
1291:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1254:
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1240:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1175:
1174:
1173:KONR Air Force
1171:
1164:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:Major General
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:Grigory Zverev
1125:Major General
1123:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1103:Major General
1101:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1070:
1067:
990:
987:
870:Western Allies
815:
812:
786:and in and in
656:
653:
510:
507:
387:German command
297:
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293:
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271:
264:
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259:
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3028:Andrey Vlasov
3026:
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3023:Fyodor Truhin
3021:
3019:
3016:
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3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Andrei Shkuro
3001:
2999:
2998:Igor Sakharov
2996:
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2986:
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2177:Blue Division
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2150:Cham Albanian
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1961:. 8 May 2015.
1960:
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1464:Unteroffizier
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1457:Унтер-офицер
1456:
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1338:Podpolkovnik
1337:
1335:Подполковник
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1036:US Third Army
1033:
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1021:
1015:
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1004:
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922:Russian Corps
918:
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907:Lager Heuberg
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886:
882:
877:
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829:, autumn 1944
828:
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820:
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811:
808:
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799:
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781:
777:
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772:welfare state
769:
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735:
731:
727:
723:
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677:Anton Denikin
674:
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661:
654:
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649:
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624:
620:
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612:Western Front
608:
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520:Hilfswilliger
516:
508:
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500:
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488:
487:ideologies".
486:
482:
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474:
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466:
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458:
454:
453:Eastern Front
449:
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431:
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417:
416:
404:
400:
396:
395:Andrey Vlasov
392:
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342:
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298:Military unit
291:
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269:
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256:
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241:
240:Andrey Vlasov
238:
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218:Western Front
216:
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194:Eastern Front
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63:
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54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3846:Kriegsmarine
3844:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3742:
3715:
3648:
3641:
3629:
3622:
3585:
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3554:
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3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3443:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3401:
3377:
3367:
3349:Hitler Youth
3336:
3319:
3263:
3256:
3246:
3230:
3225:Kriegsmarine
3223:
3216:
3209:
3199:
3153:Kriegsmarine
3151:
3144:
3137:
3124:Nazi Germany
3038:Milety Zykov
2931:Vladimir Gil
2869:
2717:Soviet Union
2600:(until 1944)
2302:Afrika Korps
2252:
2195:(until 1944)
2034:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1973:
1967:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1915:
1908:
1889:
1872:
1853:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1810:
1790:
1784:
1775:
1753:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1684:
1679:
1656:
1631:. Retrieved
1611:
1605:
1595:
1574:
1562:
1540:
1503:
1483:
1463:
1443:
1440:Fel'dfebel'
1437:Фельдфебель
1421:
1418:Podporuchik
1402:Oberleutnant
1401:
1381:
1361:
1341:
1321:
1300:Generalmajor
1299:
1279:
1259:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1154:Air elements
1153:
1152:
1074:
1072:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1029:
1018:
1016:
1008:
982:repatriation
978:
971:
964:
941:
938:White émigré
934:Cossack Camp
919:
903:2nd Infantry
900:
887:. Formed at
881:1st Infantry
878:
874:plutocracies
862:anti-Semitic
847:
840:
803:
797:
791:
779:
775:
751:
749:
734:Milety Zykov
725:
692:Milety Zykov
681:
673:White Guards
667:" (1943) by
650:
631:
616:
609:
603:
596:
591:
587:Osteinheiten
585:
581:
579:
575:
567:high command
564:
537:
518:
514:
512:
491:
489:
450:
440:
439:
425:
412:
402:
391:World War II
370:
360:
351:
350:
332:
302:
300:
189:World War II
173:
117:Nazi Germany
95:
61:
50:
29:
3797:Decorations
3712:Yugoslavia
3676:Blue Police
3460:Gendarmerie
3041: [
2969: [
2832: [
2722:Byelorussia
2692:Philippines
2682:Netherlands
2312:Ostlegionen
2114:Axis forces
1974:Armor Kiev.
1415:Подпоручик
1230:in the Army
1201: [
1190: [
1038:of General
974:German Army
928:of General
737: [
707:Bukharinist
695: [
669:Arthur Szyk
540:surrendered
499:German Army
361:Vlasov army
341:abbreviated
182:Engagements
162:Nickname(s)
18:Vlasov army
3871:Categories
3809:Nazi Party
3643:Rikshirden
3481:Postschutz
3369:Reichsbahn
3338:Volkssturm
3295:Nazi Party
3270:(see also
2672:Madagascar
2667:Luxembourg
1587:References
1480:Yefreytor
1318:Polkovnik
1315:Полковник
1026:communists
758:, but as "
493:Osttruppen
465:White Army
236:commanders
229:Commanders
105:Allegiance
97:Osttruppen
3854:Blutfahne
3839:Luftwaffe
3828:Wehrmacht
3782:Waffen-SS
3775:Luftwaffe
3509:Rosenberg
3258:Waffen-SS
3218:Luftwaffe
3201:Wehrmacht
3146:Luftwaffe
2749:(limited)
2647:Indonesia
2625:Indochina
2575:Manchukuo
2538:Lithuania
2496:Lists by
2376:Gakutotai
2112:Lists by
1707:62info.ru
1628:236094319
1541:Wehrmacht
1484:Gefreiter
1477:Ефрейтор
1444:Feldwebel
1398:Poruchik
1382:Hauptmann
1239:Shoulder
1218:Insignia
1088:Commander
1055:vlasovtsy
1020:Waffen-SS
889:Münsingen
866:committee
827:Dabendorf
814:Formation
805:official
756:socialism
485:Bolshevik
467:from the
403:Vlasovtsy
321:‹See Tfd›
308:‹See Tfd›
148:Air force
94:1943 (as
3706:Trawniki
3609:Denmark
3131:Uniforms
3057:See also
2754:Thailand
2734:Chechnya
2712:Slovakia
2630:Cambodia
2580:Mongolia
2550:Bulgaria
2423:Makapili
2324:Japanese
2182:Chetniks
2020:Articles
1519:See also
1510:Source:
1422:Leutnant
1395:Поручик
1378:Kapitan
1375:Капитан
1256:General
1253:Генерал
1085:Division
1059:traitors
766:and the
703:Marxists
665:Quisling
619:Normandy
599:2nd Army
544:defected
529:6th Army
408:Власовцы
399:Red Army
383:Russians
377:) was a
258:Insignia
144:Infantry
3672:Poland
3638:Norway
3409:Gestapo
2739:Ukraine
2727:Belarus
2702:Romania
2640:Vietnam
2615:Hungary
2597:Finland
2592:Denmark
2587:Croatia
2545:Belgium
2528:Estonia
2506:Albania
2128:Italian
2062:(video)
1985:Sources
1739:Osten“.
1633:30 July
1500:Soldat
1497:Солдат
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943:de jure
638:Finland
634:Belgium
509:Origins
443:VS KONR
435:ВС КОНР
389:during
325:Russian
234:Notable
57:Discuss
3657:Italy
3549:Legion
2919:People
2759:Taiwan
2707:Serbia
2697:Poland
2687:Norway
2677:Malaya
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2605:France
2560:Ceylon
2533:Latvia
2123:German
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1358:Mayor
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