149:
126:
6139:
6664:
6644:
6615:
6573:
6537:
6508:
6479:
6443:
6401:
6365:
6336:
6307:
6271:
6249:
6213:
6184:
6155:
131:
6696:
5719:
4882:
2592:
have found that
Spanish voiced stops may surface as spirants with various degrees of constriction. These allophones are not limited to regular fricative articulations, but range from articulations that involve a near complete oral closure to articulations involving a degree of aperture quite close to
3228:
3264:
3238:
3248:
3233:
1394:
3218:
306:
contains this contrast. Its bilabial approximant is analyzed as filling a phonological gap in the labiovelar series of the consonant system rather than the bilabial series.
3195:
3185:
359:
The bilabial fricative is diachronically unstable (likely to be considerably varied between dialects of a language that makes use of it) and is likely to shift to .
55:
3180:
6072:
4129:
3875:
883:
after , , or (the more-common alteration being the shifting of the earlier consonant to , , or , respectively, although // exist in free variation with //).
198:
4143:
4136:
3882:
2134:
2407:
1836:
has both a voiced bilabial fricative and a bilabial approximant as separate phonemes. The fricative is transcribed as {v}, and the approximant as {w}.
4357:
4115:
3861:
3130:
5861:
4150:
3847:
5900:
5823:
54:
6034:
5964:
4122:
3868:
5907:
5804:
6705:
6240:
6029:
5728:
4891:
4652:
4559:
3144:
2796:
2778:
2191:
2147:
5984:
5921:
197:
5733:
4742:
4634:
4541:
3854:
2938:
283:⟩, in which case the diacritic is again frequently omitted, since no contrast is likely. It has been proposed that either a turned ⟨
5928:
5874:
5830:
786:
6256:
6077:
5267:
5222:
4729:
4666:
4573:
4024:
3780:
298:
It is extremely rare for a language to make a phonemic contrast between the voiced bilabial fricative and the bilabial approximant. The
6057:
5842:
5811:
6278:
5233:
5185:
5171:
5113:
5099:
4751:
4659:
4566:
3175:
2689:
61:
6006:
5991:
5771:
6327:
5247:
4769:
4680:
4641:
4587:
4548:
4305:
3071:
3053:
3035:
3017:
2916:
2750:
2671:
2277:
1280:
295:⟩ be used as a dedicated symbol for the bilabial approximant, but despite occasional usage this has not gained general acceptance.
5757:
6499:
5240:
4896:
4823:
4760:
4673:
4580:
4087:
4031:
3996:
3787:
3752:
5867:
5849:
6770:
6760:
6564:
6343:
6298:
4805:
4073:
3829:
3139:
1548:
480:
370:, but it can be produced by approximating the normal English between the lips; it can also sometimes occur as an allophone of
238:
125:
5777:
6515:
6470:
6356:
5723:
5718:
5150:
5078:
4886:
4881:
4687:
4594:
4240:
4199:
3935:
3602:
2015:
1152:
5785:
3338:
314:
are also reconstructed as having had this contrast, albeit with being an allophone for another consonant in both cases. In
6750:
6528:
6314:
6175:
5674:
5534:
5502:
4830:
4094:
4010:
4003:
3766:
3759:
3588:
204:
5763:
6765:
6755:
6635:
6486:
6372:
6067:
5665:
5654:
5566:
5178:
5106:
4812:
4270:
4080:
4059:
3982:
3836:
3815:
3738:
3223:
3123:
878:
592:
5880:
2339:
6544:
6191:
6146:
5681:
5164:
5143:
5092:
4839:
4257:
4213:
4206:
4157:
3949:
3942:
3893:
3638:
3609:
3458:
3291:
2035:
1247:
has both a voiced bilabial fricative and a bilabial approximant as separate phonemes. The fricative is transcribed as
5791:
394:, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing
6700:
6695:
6606:
6204:
5695:
5617:
4499:
4392:
4279:
4185:
4101:
4017:
3921:
3773:
3620:
3595:
3574:
1906:
722:
6109:
130:
6655:
6392:
6162:
6062:
5688:
5608:
5597:
5199:
5157:
5127:
5085:
4463:
4171:
3989:
3907:
3822:
3745:
3652:
3503:
3474:
1006:
6622:
6434:
6220:
5746:
5624:
5192:
5120:
4848:
4445:
4419:
4368:
4288:
4220:
4164:
3900:
3680:
3645:
3485:
3465:
3444:
1709:
1051:
2153:
2931:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
2735:
Handbook of the
International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
2404:
6671:
6584:
6408:
5638:
5034:
4506:
4339:
4330:
4313:
4192:
4108:
3928:
3666:
3627:
3581:
3517:
3116:
911:
837:
794:
276:
212:
69:
6450:
5631:
5395:
5333:
5025:
5014:
4959:
4925:
4485:
4470:
4350:
4178:
3914:
3659:
3545:
3510:
3401:
3386:
3370:
3098:
2009:
1975:
1937:
1902:
1868:
1809:
1725:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1644:
1613:
1581:
1524:
1494:
1441:
1410:
1406:
1360:
1323:
1306:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1072:
1002:
831:
707:
703:
652:
648:
644:
598:
580:
387:
371:
323:
319:
291:
285:
280:
272:
254:
242:
181:
172:
28:
5457:
5384:
5364:
5322:
5302:
5041:
4938:
4452:
4426:
4401:
4375:
3687:
3531:
3492:
3451:
3381:
3342:
3190:
1775:
1203:
1090:
402:
268:
148:
2440:"The Tshivenda–English Thalusamaipfi/Dictionary as a Product of South African Lexicographic Processes"
5913:
5446:
5426:
5404:
5342:
5055:
4994:
4321:
3673:
3524:
3426:
2013:
1833:
1817:
1376:
1327:
1244:
1224:
909:
876:
835:
792:
784:
590:
299:
231:
6710:
5977:
5588:
5475:
5466:
5375:
5313:
5062:
5048:
4966:
4492:
3552:
3406:
3363:
2207:
Silvestri, Domenico (1998). "The Italic
Languages". In Ramat, Anna Giacalone; Ramat, Paolo (eds.).
2021:
1920:
1754:
1658:
1364:
1299:
1294:
894:
855:
627:
442:
6000:
5437:
5003:
4952:
4931:
3694:
3538:
3396:
3376:
3334:
2986:
2756:
2722:
2651:
2106:
1993:
1986:
1875:
1729:
1512:
1371:
1339:
1334:
1076:
981:
450:
446:
406:
6421:
5956:
5358:
5209:
4973:
4904:
4518:
3431:
3411:
3353:
3243:
3067:
3049:
3031:
3013:
2934:
2912:
2792:
2774:
2746:
2685:
2667:
2469:
2273:
2187:
2143:
1979:
1941:
1694:
1687:
1596:
1589:
1568:
1445:
1036:
998:
739:
686:
656:
454:
435:
431:
6231:
5750:
5296:
4987:
4945:
3421:
3391:
3358:
3348:
2978:
2956:
2894:
2872:
2846:
2738:
2714:
2643:
2459:
2451:
2177:
2098:
1958:
1948:
1913:
1880:
1841:
1783:
1651:
1561:
1507:
1459:
1452:
1425:
1418:
1287:
1191:
847:
663:
620:
570:
557:
507:
363:
315:
2171:
1267:
6555:
6289:
5287:
4980:
4413:
3416:
3286:
3108:
2821:
2805:
2411:
1736:
1627:
1620:
1260:
1134:
1083:
974:
947:
888:
820:
808:
772:
763:
367:
2859:
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana María; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003),
2926:
6461:
2699:
2086:
1846:
1478:
1198:
675:
668:
606:
532:
424:
307:
258:
2787:
Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009),
6744:
6120:
5648:
5490:
4908:
2990:
2817:
2760:
2726:
2655:
2110:
1013:
493:
261:
2340:"Vowels in Standard Austrian German: An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis"
5970:
3703:
2176:. Studies in Germanic Linguistics. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Benjamins. p. 102.
1413:
when the preceding word ends with a vowel and there is no pause between the words.
921:
715:
311:
271:, though that is more precisely written with a lowering diacritic, that is ⟨
3096:
3007:
2768:
196:
53:
6718:
6132:
6115:
5893:
5420:
4228:
3301:
3279:
2832:, vol. 84, Los Angeles: The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group, pp. 25–65
1109:
119:
6597:
6125:
3438:
3296:
2961:
2899:
2877:
2742:
2718:
2647:
2576:
2102:
562:
395:
303:
36:
2473:
2439:
6383:
5889:
5137:
5070:
3960:
3716:
3324:
3030:(in Dutch) (2nd ed.), Kerkrade: Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer,
2455:
2070:
872:
586:
417:
391:
227:
2825:
2056:
A Phonetic Study of West
African Languages: An Auditory-instrumental Survey
1499:'work party held by one who wants to have the land ploughed or cultivated'
2405:
http://www.antoninurubattu.it/rubattu/grammatica-sarda-italiano-sardo.html
6689:
6024:
5946:
5940:
5712:
4875:
3713:
2830:
UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages
2089:; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart".
234:
830:
Weak fricative or approximant. It is a common intervocalic allophone of
5797:
5008:
3568:
3274:
3103:
2969:
Picard, Marc (1987), "On the
Palatalization and Fricativization of W",
420:
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
246:
107:
2851:
2464:
2072:
Phonetics and
Phonology of Ikalanga: A Diachronic and Synchronic Study
2564:
1141:
2860:
430:
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the
2982:
2713:(2), University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies: 155–166,
2182:
6100:
3269:
1812:
when intervocalic. Used also as an allophone for other positions.
1701:
1163:
1043:
1065:
6098:
3322:
3157:
3112:
449:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
427:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
410:
2577:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003
2295:
2075:(PhD thesis). Berkeley: University of California. p. 79.
1265:
275:⟩. That sound may also be transcribed as an advanced
147:
3082:
Kurs sučasnoji ukrajins'koji literaturnoji movy. Častyna I.
2142:. Summer Institute of Linguistics Papua New Guinea Branch.
2008:
An approximant; the most common prevocalic realization of
2737:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 45–50,
2733:
Hayward, Katrina; Hayward, Richard J. (1999), "Amharic",
1936:
Ranges from close fricative to approximant. Allophone of
1851:
362:
The sound is not the primary realization of any sound in
267:
This letter is also often used to represent the bilabial
2634:
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European
Portuguese",
2173:
A Comparative
Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages
684:
673:
4913:
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
6554:
6382:
6230:
6050:
3369:
3341:
3257:
3211:
3168:
2388:
188:
179:
170:
165:
118:
106:
95:
82:
77:
45:
35:
26:
21:
2837:Maekawa, Kikuo (2020), "Remarks on Japanese /w/",
2949:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2907:Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000),
2887:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2885:Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec",
2865:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2707:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2636:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2091:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1114:
2933:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119,
2537:
1759:
1304:
3026:Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer (1997) ,
2947:Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt",
2929:, in International Phonetic Association (ed.),
2617:
2211:. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 322–344.
1991:
2501:
2425:
2333:
2331:
1707:
1699:
1049:
1041:
6073:Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
3124:
2971:International Journal of American Linguistics
2376:
1956:
1918:
1788:
1656:
1566:
1457:
1423:
625:
568:
512:
342:
327:
8:
2497:
2495:
2322:
1885:
1625:
1594:
1344:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1088:
979:
2565:Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer (1997
2069:Joyce Thambole Mogatse Mathangwane (1996).
1483:
537:
382:Features of the voiced bilabial fricative:
16:Consonantal sound represented by ⟨β⟩ in IPA
6095:
6047:
3319:
3165:
3154:
3131:
3117:
3109:
2355:. This source mentions only intervocalic .
1749:Allophone of /b/ medially between vowels.
409:, which means it is articulated with both
138:
3186:Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)
3001:, Manchester: Manchester University Press
2960:
2898:
2876:
2850:
2698:Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999),
2602:
2463:
2307:
2251:
2249:
2236:
2234:
2181:
926:
2318:
2316:
2291:
2289:
2133:Mose Lung Rambok; Hooley, Bruce (2010).
1538:
1363:for some speakers; can be instead. See
1075:only in fast speech between vowels. See
824:
470:
4927:
3368:
3009:Fonética acústica de la lengua española
2791:, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter,
2525:
2486:
2255:
2240:
2046:
1674:Approximant or fricative. Allophone of
643:Approximant or fricative. Allophone of
3352:
3080:Žovtobrjux, M.A.; Kulyk, B.M. (1965),
2680:Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005),
2666:(in Swedish), Lund: Studenlitteratur,
2589:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2513:
2421:
2419:
2399:
2397:
2221:
241:that represents this sound is ⟨
162:
18:
5587:
5286:
5002:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3362:
3357:
3347:
2613:
2611:
2364:
1444:before and after rounded vowels. See
7:
4960:
2270:現代吳語的研究 "Study on Modern Wu Chinese"
2225:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
1724:Usually represented phonemically as
6078:Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
4939:
4903:Symbols to the right in a cell are
3066:, Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press,
3048:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
710:in certain intervocalic positions.
318:, it is an intervocal allophone of
4995:
3176:International Phonetic Association
2438:Madiba, M; Nkomo, D (2010-12-13).
791:with a syllable coda allophone of
734:Usually or in other Wu dialects
289:⟩ (approximately 𐅸) or reversed ⟨
14:
6670:
6654:
6634:
6621:
6605:
6583:
6563:
6543:
6527:
6514:
6498:
6485:
6469:
6449:
6433:
6420:
6407:
6391:
6371:
6355:
6342:
6326:
6313:
6297:
6277:
6255:
6239:
6219:
6203:
6190:
6174:
6161:
6145:
6005:
5990:
5983:
5963:
5939:
5927:
5920:
5906:
5899:
5873:
5860:
5848:
5841:
5829:
5822:
5810:
5803:
5784:
5770:
5756:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5664:
5653:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5607:
5596:
5565:
5533:
5501:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5445:
5436:
5425:
5403:
5394:
5383:
5374:
5363:
5341:
5332:
5321:
5312:
5301:
5266:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5221:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5024:
5013:
4967:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4822:
4811:
4804:
4768:
4759:
4750:
4741:
4728:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4640:
4633:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4547:
4540:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4469:
4462:
4451:
4444:
4425:
4418:
4400:
4391:
4374:
4367:
4356:
4349:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4304:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4256:
4239:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3702:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3626:
3619:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3491:
3484:
3473:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3427:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
2839:ICU Working Papers in Linguistics
6694:
6662:
6642:
6613:
6571:
6535:
6506:
6477:
6441:
6399:
6363:
6334:
6305:
6269:
6247:
6211:
6182:
6153:
6137:
5717:
4953:
4932:
4880:
3229:Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
2820:; Spajić, Siniša; Sands, Bonny;
2682:Turkish: a comprehensive grammar
2136:Central Buang‒English Dictionary
194:
129:
124:
51:
4974:
3140:International Phonetic Alphabet
2826:"Phonetic structures of Dahalo"
1901:Weakly rounded; contrasts with
239:International Phonetic Alphabet
6058:Nasal labial–velar approximant
4988:
4946:
3249:IPA chart for English dialects
2789:Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch
1359:Allophone of syllable-initial
1042:
834:, and may be simply a plosive
253:. The official symbol ⟨
1:
4981:
2767:Hualde, José Ignacio (1991),
2538:Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999
1774:The example word is from the
322:, and it is contrastive with
245:⟩, and the equivalent
6068:Voiceless bidental fricative
3191:Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)
3064:Fuzhou Phonology and Grammar
2812:(Second ed.), Blackwell
2618:Žovtobrjux & Kulyk (1965
2389:Mateus & d'Andrade (2000
2012:. Can vary with labiodental
1678:. Mainly found in betacist (
1584:medially between sonorants.
647:. Mainly found in betacist (
538:
513:
3292:Phonetic symbols in Unicode
3028:Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer
2999:From Latin to Modern French
2911:, Oxford University Press,
2909:The Phonology of Portuguese
2828:, in Maddieson, Ian (ed.),
2700:"The dialect of Maastricht"
2502:Hayward & Hayward (1999
2426:Göksel & Kerslake (2005
2209:The Indo-European languages
2036:Index of phonetics articles
1852:
1708:
1502:Contrasts with /v/ and /w/
1151:
1050:
927:
597:in Bangladesh and Tripura;
374:after bilabial consonants.
166:Voiced bilabial approximant
6787:
2338:Sylvia Moosmüller (2007).
1907:Kerkrade dialect phonology
1405:Intervocalic allophone of
1178:Intervocalic allophone of
942:Contrasts with both and
758:Contrasts with both and
674:
601:used in Western dialects.
6596:
6460:
6288:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6107:
6094:
6063:Nasal palatal approximant
5747:Co-articulated consonants
5647:
5592:
5555:
5523:
5488:
5419:
5357:
5295:
5256:
5208:
5136:
5069:
5007:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4928:
4784:
4706:
4613:
4517:
4412:
4312:
4227:
4054:
3958:
3810:
3712:
3567:
3437:
3331:
3318:
3164:
3153:
2962:10.1017/S0025100306002428
2900:10.1017/S0025100308003344
2878:10.1017/S0025100303001373
2743:10.1017/S0025100300004874
2719:10.1017/S0025100300006526
2648:10.1017/S0025100300005223
2588:Phonetic studies such as
2103:10.1017/S0025100317000147
2054:Ladefoged, Peter (1968).
1992:
1985:
1912:
1816:
1808:Regular pronunciation of
1782:
1753:
1735:
1700:
1693:
1650:
1619:
1588:
1567:
1560:
1541:
1477:
1451:
1417:
1266:
1259:
1251:, and the approximant as
1223:
1162:
1140:
1133:
1108:
1082:
1035:
1012:
1007:Standard German phonology
973:
946:
920:
846:
819:
779:
762:
738:
699:'eighth day of the month'
662:
619:
610:
605:
569:
531:
506:
497:
492:
473:
467:Voiced bilabial fricative
438:dichotomy does not apply.
343:
328:
224:voiced bilabial fricative
193:
137:
50:
22:Voiced bilabial fricative
3084:, Kiev: Radjans’ka škola
3046:The Phonology Of Catalan
3006:Quilis, Antonio (1981),
2662:Engstrand, Olle (2004),
1409:as well as word-initial
4923:Non-pulmonic consonants
4055:Non-sibilant fricative
3811:Non-sibilant affricate
3181:History of the alphabet
3097:List of languages with
3044:Wheeler, Max W (2005),
2773:, New York: Routledge,
2456:10.4314/lex.v20i1.62719
2268:Zhao, Yuan Ren (1928).
1886:
1789:
1686:merging) dialects. See
1345:
1286:Allophone of /bʱ/. See
1089:
685:
655:merging) dialects. See
277:labiodental approximant
6771:Voiced oral consonants
6761:Approximant consonants
3239:Sinological extensions
2997:Pope, Mildred (1966),
2296:Maddieson et al. (1993
1978:in casual speech. See
1957:
1919:
1760:
1657:
1626:
1595:
1484:
1458:
1424:
1305:
1115:
1005:in casual speech. See
980:
626:
388:manner of articulation
152:
2925:Okada, Hideo (1999),
2810:Vowels and Consonants
1776:Maastrichtian dialect
997:Intervocalic and pre-
716:Suburban Shanghainese
403:place of articulation
151:
6751:Fricative consonants
4707:Lateral approximant
3062:Zhuqing, Li (2002),
1533:Bilabial approximant
1328:Portuguese phonology
457:, as in most sounds.
366:dialects except for
300:Mapos Buang language
237:. The symbol in the
230:sound, used in some
6766:Pulmonic consonants
6756:Bilabial consonants
3335:Pulmonic consonants
2861:"Castilian Spanish"
2377:Cruz-Ferreira (1995
2170:Fulk, R.D. (2018).
2022:Ukrainian phonology
1805:'he was going away'
1365:Colognian phonology
908:May be realized as
451:intercostal muscles
443:airstream mechanism
5257:Lateral fricative
4907:, to the left are
4614:Lateral fricative
3402:Postalveolar
3387:Linguolabial
3234:Naming conventions
3197:Journal of the IPA
2664:Fonetikens grunder
2410:2015-01-01 at the
2323:Krech et al. (2009
1730:Japanese phonology
1217:'title for a king'
1077:Japanese phonology
799:in a later stage.
153:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6681:
6680:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6043:
6042:
5868:Uvular–epiglottal
5742:
5741:
5704:
5703:
4919:
4918:
4867:
4866:
4785:Lateral tap/flap
3382:Labiodental
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3244:World Orthography
2852:10.34577/00004625
2798:978-3-11-018202-6
2780:978-0-415-05655-7
2193:978 90 272 6312 4
2149:978-9980-0-3589-9
2027:
2026:
1980:Swedish phonology
1942:Spanish phonology
1688:Catalan phonology
1530:
1529:
1446:Turkish phonology
1253:⟨w⟩
1249:⟨v⟩
657:Catalan phonology
455:abdominal muscles
220:
219:
215:
199:
161:
160:
157:
156:
72:
56:
6778:
6722:
6698:
6675:
6674:
6666:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6646:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6626:
6625:
6617:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6588:
6587:
6575:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6548:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6519:
6518:
6510:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6490:
6489:
6481:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6454:
6453:
6445:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6425:
6424:
6412:
6411:
6403:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6376:
6375:
6367:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6347:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6318:
6317:
6309:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6282:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6260:
6259:
6251:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6224:
6223:
6215:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6195:
6194:
6186:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6166:
6165:
6157:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6141:
6140:
6110:
6096:
6048:
6009:
5994:
5987:
5967:
5943:
5931:
5924:
5910:
5903:
5877:
5864:
5852:
5845:
5836:Labial–retroflex
5833:
5826:
5814:
5807:
5788:
5778:Labial–retroflex
5774:
5760:
5721:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5668:
5657:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5611:
5600:
5571:
5539:
5507:
5478:
5471:
5462:
5451:
5442:
5431:
5409:
5400:
5389:
5380:
5369:
5347:
5338:
5327:
5318:
5307:
5293:bottom: uvular)
5270:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5225:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5028:
5017:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4926:
4914:
4884:
4851:
4842:
4833:
4826:
4815:
4808:
4772:
4763:
4754:
4745:
4732:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4644:
4637:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4551:
4544:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4473:
4466:
4455:
4448:
4429:
4422:
4404:
4395:
4378:
4371:
4360:
4353:
4342:
4333:
4324:
4308:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4260:
4243:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3706:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3630:
3623:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3495:
3488:
3477:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3339:
3320:
3166:
3155:
3148:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3100:
3085:
3076:
3058:
3040:
3022:
3002:
2993:
2965:
2964:
2943:
2940:978-0-52163751-0
2921:
2903:
2902:
2881:
2880:
2855:
2854:
2833:
2822:Ladefoged, Peter
2813:
2806:Ladefoged, Peter
2801:
2783:
2770:Basque phonology
2763:
2729:
2704:
2694:
2676:
2658:
2621:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2414:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2229:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2152:. Archived from
2141:
2130:
2115:
2114:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2019:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1977:
1966:
1953:Central Standard
1939:
1928:
1904:
1893:
1870:
1859:
1811:
1800:
1766:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1666:
1646:
1635:
1615:
1604:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1539:
1526:
1496:
1491:
1466:
1443:
1432:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1362:
1351:
1325:
1314:
1288:Nepali phonology
1274:
1273:
1254:
1250:
1192:Korean phonology
1189:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1148:
1147:
1122:
1097:
1074:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1004:
989:
934:
915:
882:
841:
833:
811:
798:
790:
775:
709:
705:
694:
682:
681:
664:Chinese dialects
654:
650:
646:
635:
600:
596:
577:
576:
545:
520:
471:
373:
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:
340:
337:
334:
331:
330:
325:
321:
316:Bashkir language
294:
293:
288:
287:
282:
274:
257:⟩ is the
256:
252:
244:
210:
203:
201:
200:
184:
183:
175:
174:
163:
139:
133:
128:
114:
99:
91:
86:
67:
60:
58:
57:
31:
30:
19:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6730:
6720:
6719:unrounded
6715:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6667:
6663:
6660:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6604:
6590:
6589:
6582:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6562:
6550:
6549:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6526:
6521:
6520:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6504:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6468:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6390:
6378:
6377:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6296:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6238:
6226:
6225:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6144:
6138:
6103:
6082:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6012:Labial–alveolar
6010:
6003:
5998:
5995:
5988:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5925:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5870:
5865:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5817:Labial–alveolar
5815:
5808:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5767:
5766:
5764:Labial–alveolar
5761:
5753:
5743:
5738:
5568:
5536:
5524:Voiced lateral
5504:
5479:
5468:
5459:
5448:
5439:
5428:
5406:
5397:
5386:
5377:
5366:
5344:
5335:
5324:
5315:
5304:
5292:
5290:
4912:
4901:
3407:Retroflex
3327:
3306:
3265:ASCII encodings
3253:
3207:
3160:
3149:
3142:
3137:
3093:
3088:
3079:
3074:
3061:
3056:
3043:
3038:
3025:
3020:
3005:
2996:
2968:
2946:
2941:
2924:
2919:
2906:
2884:
2858:
2836:
2816:
2804:
2799:
2786:
2781:
2766:
2753:
2732:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2679:
2674:
2661:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2609:
2603:Engstrand (2004
2601:
2597:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2417:
2412:Wayback Machine
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2314:
2308:Ladefoged (2005
2306:
2302:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2087:Ball, Martin J.
2085:
2084:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2032:
1535:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1252:
1248:
807:
771:
721:
683:
469:
464:
380:
368:Chicano English
353:
350:
347:
338:
335:
332:
290:
284:
250:
216:
208:
195:
180:
171:
112:
97:
89:
84:
73:
65:
52:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6784:
6782:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6743:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6726:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6668:
6661:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6619:
6612:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6570:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6541:
6534:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6512:
6505:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6483:
6476:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6440:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6405:
6398:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6369:
6362:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6340:
6333:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6311:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6275:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6253:
6246:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6217:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6188:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6159:
6152:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6011:
6004:
5999:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5961:
5955:
5945:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5918:
5914:Labial–palatal
5912:
5905:
5898:
5897:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5782:
5776:
5769:
5768:
5762:
5755:
5754:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5669:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5612:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5594:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5556:Nasal lateral
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5454:
5452:
5443:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5401:
5392:
5390:
5381:
5372:
5370:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5330:
5328:
5319:
5310:
5308:
5299:
5294:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5029:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4845:
4843:
4836:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4766:
4764:
4757:
4755:
4748:
4746:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4396:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4336:
4334:
4327:
4325:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4285:
4283:
4276:
4274:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3377:Bilabial
3374:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3212:Special topics
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3092:
3091:External links
3089:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3059:
3054:
3041:
3036:
3023:
3018:
3003:
2994:
2983:10.1086/466063
2977:(3): 362–365,
2966:
2955:(1): 117–124,
2944:
2939:
2922:
2917:
2904:
2893:(1): 107–114,
2882:
2871:(2): 255–259,
2856:
2834:
2818:Maddieson, Ian
2814:
2802:
2797:
2784:
2779:
2764:
2751:
2730:
2695:
2691:978-0415114943
2690:
2677:
2672:
2659:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2607:
2595:
2581:
2569:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2526:Maekawa (2020)
2518:
2506:
2491:
2479:
2430:
2415:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2327:
2312:
2300:
2285:
2278:
2260:
2245:
2230:
2224::364), citing
2214:
2199:
2192:
2183:10.1075/sigl.3
2162:
2159:on 2017-11-10.
2148:
2116:
2097:(2): 155–164.
2078:
2061:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1403:
1400:
1388:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1009:
995:
992:
990:
977:
971:
970:
968:
965:
963:
950:
944:
943:
940:
937:
935:
924:
918:
917:
906:
903:
901:
891:
885:
884:
869:
866:
864:
853:
850:
844:
843:
828:
825:
823:
817:
816:
814:
812:
805:
801:
800:
781:
778:
776:
769:
766:
760:
759:
756:
753:
751:
742:
736:
735:
732:
729:
727:
718:
712:
711:
700:
697:
695:
671:
666:
660:
659:
641:
638:
636:
623:
617:
616:
614:
611:
609:
603:
602:
584:
581:
578:
566:
560:
554:
553:
551:
548:
546:
535:
529:
528:
526:
523:
521:
510:
504:
503:
501:
498:
496:
490:
489:
486:
483:
478:
475:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
439:
428:
425:oral consonant
421:
414:
399:
379:
376:
308:Proto-Germanic
218:
217:
202:
191:
190:
186:
185:
177:
176:
168:
167:
159:
158:
155:
154:
144:
143:
135:
134:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
100:
93:
92:
87:
80:
79:
75:
74:
59:
48:
47:
43:
42:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6783:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6725:
6724:
6723: rounded
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6697:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6673:
6657:
6650:
6637:
6630:
6624:
6608:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6592:
6586:
6579:
6566:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6546:
6530:
6523:
6517:
6501:
6494:
6488:
6472:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6452:
6436:
6429:
6423:
6416:
6410:
6394:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6358:
6351:
6345:
6329:
6322:
6316:
6300:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6280:
6266:
6264:
6258:
6242:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6206:
6199:
6193:
6177:
6170:
6164:
6148:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6008:
6002:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5966:
5958:
5951:
5949:
5942:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5881:Labial–uvular
5876:
5869:
5863:
5851:
5844:
5832:
5825:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5779:
5773:
5765:
5759:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4924:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Case variants
3222:
3220:
3219:Cursive forms
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3073:9781881265931
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3055:0-19-925814-7
3051:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3037:90-70246-34-1
3033:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3019:9788424901325
3015:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2918:0-19-823581-X
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2752:0-521-65236-7
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2684:, Routledge,
2683:
2678:
2675:
2673:91-44-04238-8
2669:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2590:Quilis (1981)
2585:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:Merrill (2008
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2279:9787100086202
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2256:Zhuqing (2002
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:Wheeler (2005
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2062:
2058:. p. 26.
2057:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1974:Allophone of
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1867:Allophone of
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:'kind of yam'
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1643:Allophone of
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:Allophone of
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1580:Allophone of
1579:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1523:Allophone of
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1440:Allophone of
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1322:Allophone of
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1204:Wanga Dialect
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1071:Allophone of
1070:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1001:allophone of
1000:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
978:
976:
972:
969:
966:
964:
962:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
925:
923:
919:
913:
907:
904:
902:
900:
899:
897:
892:
890:
887:
886:
880:
874:
870:
867:
865:
863:
862:
860:
854:
852:Some dialects
851:
849:
845:
839:
829:
826:
822:
818:
815:
813:
810:
806:
803:
802:
796:
788:
782:
777:
774:
770:
767:
765:
761:
757:
754:
752:
750:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
730:
728:
726:
725:
719:
717:
714:
713:
702:Allophone of
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
680:
679:
672:
670:
667:
665:
661:
658:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
631:
624:
622:
618:
615:
612:
608:
604:
594:
588:
585:
582:
579:
575:
573:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
536:
534:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
511:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
472:
466:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
383:
377:
375:
369:
365:
360:
357:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
278:
270:
265:
263:
260:
248:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:is a type of
225:
214:
206:
192:
187:
178:
169:
164:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
136:
132:
127:
123:
121:
117:
111:
109:
105:
101:
94:
88:
81:
76:
71:
63:
49:
44:
40:
38:
34:
25:
20:
6716:
5997:Labial–velar
5947:
5934:Labial–velar
5855:Labial–velar
5792:Labial–velar
5745:
5291:(top: velar;
4922:
4902:
4066:
3333:
3200:
3196:
3081:
3063:
3045:
3027:
3008:
2998:
2974:
2970:
2952:
2948:
2930:
2908:
2890:
2886:
2868:
2864:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2809:
2788:
2769:
2734:
2710:
2706:
2681:
2663:
2642:(2): 90–94,
2639:
2635:
2598:
2593:vocalization
2584:
2572:
2550:Peters (2006
2545:
2533:
2521:
2514:Hualde (1991
2509:
2482:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2347:. Retrieved
2303:
2269:
2263:
2222:Picard (1987
2217:
2208:
2202:
2172:
2165:
2154:the original
2135:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2049:
1994:
1960:
1922:
1888:
1854:
1822:
1795:
1791:
1761:
1710:
1660:
1629:
1598:
1536:
1486:
1460:
1426:
1383:
1381:
1346:
1308:
1269:
1233:
1229:
1209:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1117:
1091:
1053:
1020:
1018:
983:
958:
954:
952:
929:
895:
893:
871:Less-common
858:
856:
746:
744:
723:
688:
677:
629:
571:
540:
515:
381:
361:
358:
312:Proto-Italic
297:
266:
259:Greek letter
223:
221:
189:Audio sample
46:Audio sample
5959:approximant
5894:approximant
4229:Approximant
3302:IPA Braille
3280:Kirshenbaum
3099:[β]
2365:Okada (1999
2345:. p. 6
1834:Mapos Buang
1818:Mapos Buang
1245:Mapos Buang
1225:Mapos Buang
1110:Kinyarwanda
783:Shifted to
269:approximant
228:consonantal
6745:Categories
6706:full chart
6232:Near-close
6030:full chart
5952:(variable)
5729:full chart
5212:affricate
4892:full chart
4521:affricate
3325:Consonants
3297:IPA number
3159:IPA topics
3012:, Gredos,
2927:"Japanese"
2627:References
2465:11427/8892
2403:(Italian)
2226:Pope (1966
1755:Limburgish
1640:'daughter'
1513:Tilquiapan
1377:Logudorese
1319:'Saturday'
1295:Portuguese
1127:'children'
687:chĕ̤
462:Occurrence
396:turbulence
304:New Guinea
249:symbol is
90:β
37:IPA Number
6556:Near-open
6290:Close-mid
5978:Implosive
5971:Velarized
5890:Fricative
5649:Voiceless
5589:Implosive
5138:Fricative
5071:Affricate
4909:voiceless
3961:fricative
3959:Sibilant
3717:affricate
3364:Laryngeal
3258:Encodings
2991:144308172
2845:: 45–52,
2761:249404451
2727:145782045
2656:249414876
2620::121–122)
2474:1684-4904
2272:. 商務印書館.
2111:151863976
1987:Ukrainian
1971:'problem'
1876:Ripuarian
1771:'to want'
1471:'country'
1372:Sardinian
1340:Colognian
1335:Ripuarian
916:instead.
873:allophone
842:instead.
827:'to want'
755:'to love'
587:Allophone
525:'nothing'
423:It is an
418:phonation
392:fricative
336:our child
235:languages
85:(decimal)
6717:Legend:
6711:template
6690:IPA help
6462:Open-mid
6035:template
6025:IPA help
6001:Ejective
5973:alveolar
5734:template
5713:IPA help
5004:Ejective
4897:template
4876:IPA help
4314:Tap/flap
3714:Sibilant
3397:Alveolar
2824:(1993),
2808:(2005),
2516::99–100)
2408:Archived
2349:March 9,
2030:See also
1881:Kerkrade
1695:Japanese
1671:'before'
1590:Asturian
1577:'flower'
1542:Language
1300:European
1241:'prayer'
1102:'to cut'
1037:Japanese
868:'upvote'
768:Bohairic
740:Comorian
640:'before'
565:dialects
474:Language
447:pulmonic
407:bilabial
378:Features
279:⟨
96:Unicode
78:Encoding
6721:•
6121:Central
5957:Lateral
5798:Plosive
5593:Voiced
5491:lateral
5489:Tenuis
5480:
5210:Lateral
4519:Lateral
3569:Plosive
3432:Glottal
3412:Palatal
3354:Coronal
3275:X-SAMPA
3104:PHOIBLE
2444:Lexikos
1949:Swedish
1914:Spanish
1898:'smoke'
1842:Occitan
1784:Lombard
1652:Catalan
1609:'swing'
1562:Amharic
1553:Meaning
1508:Zapotec
1453:Turkmen
1419:Turkish
1281:Meeting
1182:before
1175:'later'
999:lateral
889:Chicano
848:English
804:Sahidic
780:'brick'
621:Catalan
563:Eastern
558:Bengali
508:Alekano
485:Meaning
436:lateral
432:central
364:English
344:балауыҙ
329:балабыҙ
247:X-SAMPA
120:Braille
108:X-SAMPA
83:Entity
6699:
6101:Vowels
5950:-sound
5722:
5359:Voiced
5297:Tenuis
4905:voiced
4885:
3876:t̠ɹ̠̊˔
3422:Uvular
3392:Dental
3371:Manner
3359:Dorsal
3349:Labial
3070:
3052:
3034:
3016:
2989:
2937:
2915:
2795:
2777:
2759:
2749:
2725:
2688:
2670:
2654:
2472:
2276:
2190:
2146:
2109:
2020:. See
1940:. See
1933:'lava'
1905:. See
1864:'then'
1847:Gascon
1825:abeenġ
1746:'yes'
1737:Kyrgyz
1728:. See
1713:atashi
1621:Basque
1556:Notes
1495:/daβa/
1437:'body'
1402:'pope'
1356:'wine'
1326:. See
1261:Nepali
1190:. See
1135:Korean
1084:Kabyle
1029:'five'
975:German
967:'shoe'
948:Fijian
905:'very'
821:Dahalo
764:Coptic
731:'bowl'
724:ve tse
669:Fuzhou
583:'Visa'
550:'horn'
500:'four'
488:Notes
232:spoken
209:·
207:
205:source
142:Image
102:U+03B2
66:·
64:
62:source
6701:audio
6133:Close
6116:Front
6051:Other
5985:ɠ̊͜ɓ̥
5751:Nasal
5724:audio
5421:Nasal
5288:Click
4887:audio
4414:Trill
3883:d̠ɹ̠˔
3439:Nasal
3417:Velar
3343:Place
3270:SAMPA
3145:chart
2987:S2CID
2757:S2CID
2723:S2CID
2703:(PDF)
2652:S2CID
2605::167)
2579::257)
2552::117)
2540::155)
2489::109)
2450:(1).
2367::118)
2343:(PDF)
2325::108)
2310::156)
2157:(PDF)
2140:(PDF)
2107:S2CID
2042:Notes
2018:]
2014:[
2005:'she'
1790:el na
1741:ооба
1479:Venda
1199:Luhya
994:'but'
939:'Ewe'
914:]
910:[
840:]
836:[
809:ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ
797:]
793:[
789:]
785:[
749:endza
607:Berta
533:Angor
211:
98:(hex)
68:
6598:Open
6126:Back
6007:t͡pʼ
5248:q𝼄ʼ
5241:k𝼄ʼ
5234:c𝼆ʼ
5100:t̠ʃʼ
5086:t̪θʼ
5079:p̪fʼ
5009:Stop
4464:ɽ̊r̥
4130:ɹ̠̊˔
3862:tɹ̝̊
3287:TIPA
3201:JIPA
3068:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3032:ISBN
3014:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2913:ISBN
2793:ISBN
2775:ISBN
2747:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2567::17)
2504::48)
2470:ISSN
2391::11)
2379::92)
2351:2013
2298::34)
2274:ISBN
2243::10)
2228::92)
2188:ISBN
2144:ISBN
1764:èlle
1721:'me'
1682:and
1601:nicu
1545:Word
1463:atan
1429:ücut
1232:enġé
1212:ongo
1186:and
1066:Kobe
1014:Hopi
773:ⲧⲱⲃⲓ
708:/pʰ/
706:and
651:and
613:'no'
599:/bʱ/
514:hanu
494:Akei
477:Word
453:and
441:Its
416:Its
411:lips
401:Its
386:Its
310:and
262:beta
222:The
213:help
70:help
6384:Mid
5992:ɠ͡ɓ
5875:q͡p
5862:q͡ʡ
5850:ɡ͡b
5843:k͡p
5831:ɖ͡b
5824:ʈ͡p
5812:d͡b
5805:t͡p
5786:ŋ͡m
5772:ɳ͡m
5758:n͡m
5460:ɴ𝼊
5458:ŋ𝼊
5398:ɢ𝼊
5396:ɡ𝼊
5336:q𝼊
5334:k𝼊
5223:tɬʼ
5128:qχʼ
5121:kxʼ
5114:tɕʼ
5107:tʂʼ
5093:tsʼ
4824:𝼈̥
4595:ɡʟ̝
4588:k𝼄
4581:ɟʎ̝
4574:c𝼆
4567:d𝼅
4144:ɻ̊˔
4137:ɹ̠˔
3869:dɹ̝
3855:d̪ð
3848:t̪θ
3837:b̪v
3830:p̪f
3760:d̠ʒ
3753:t̠ʃ
3169:IPA
3102:on
2979:doi
2957:doi
2895:doi
2873:doi
2847:doi
2739:doi
2715:doi
2644:doi
2460:hdl
2452:doi
2428::6)
2258::?)
2178:doi
2099:doi
2010:/w/
1997:она
1976:/b/
1938:/b/
1903:/v/
1891:aam
1869:/b/
1857:etz
1810:/v/
1726:/w/
1684:/v/
1680:/b/
1676:/b/
1663:ans
1645:/b/
1628:ala
1614:/b/
1582:/b/
1569:አበባ
1549:IPA
1525:/b/
1442:/v/
1411:/p/
1407:/b/
1361:/v/
1349:ing
1324:/b/
1311:ado
1236:sën
1188:/w/
1184:/u/
1180:/h/
1153:chu
1120:ana
1073:/b/
1019:tsi
1003:/b/
922:Ewe
898:ery
875:of
861:ote
832:/b/
720:碗盞
704:/p/
691:áik
653:/v/
649:/b/
645:/b/
632:ans
589:of
543:ung
481:IPA
445:is
405:is
390:is
372:/v/
351:wax
324:/w/
320:/b/
302:of
41:127
6747::
6451:o̞
6435:ɤ̞
6409:ø̞
6393:e̞
5948:Sj
5901:ɥ̊
5696:ʛ̥
5689:ɠ̊
5682:ʄ̊
5675:ᶑ̊
5666:ɗ̥
5655:ɓ̥
5569:ɴǁ
5567:ŋǁ
5537:ɢǁ
5535:ɡǁ
5505:qǁ
5503:kǁ
5469:ɴǂ
5467:ŋǂ
5449:ɴǃ
5447:ŋǃ
5440:ɴǀ
5438:ŋǀ
5429:ɴʘ
5427:ŋʘ
5407:ɢǂ
5405:ɡǂ
5387:ɢǃ
5385:ɡǃ
5378:ɢǀ
5376:ɡǀ
5367:ɢʘ
5365:ɡʘ
5345:qǂ
5343:kǂ
5325:qǃ
5323:kǃ
5316:qǀ
5314:kǀ
5305:qʘ
5303:kʘ
5268:ɬʼ
5200:χʼ
5193:xʼ
5186:ɕʼ
5179:ʂʼ
5172:ʃʼ
5165:sʼ
5158:θʼ
5151:fʼ
5144:ɸʼ
5063:ʡʼ
5056:qʼ
5049:kʼ
5042:cʼ
5035:ʈʼ
5026:tʼ
5015:pʼ
4996:EG
4968:RF
4961:PA
4940:LD
4933:BL
4911:.
4849:ʟ̆
4840:ʎ̆
4831:𝼈
4806:ɺ̥
4770:ʟ̠
4688:ʟ̝
4681:𝼄
4674:ʎ̝
4667:𝼆
4660:𝼅
4560:tꞎ
4549:dɮ
4542:tɬ
4486:ʀ̥
4471:ɽr
4446:r̥
4420:ʙ̥
4402:ʡ̆
4393:ɢ̆
4369:ɽ̊
4351:ɾ̥
4340:ɾ̼
4322:ⱱ̟
4306:ʔ̞
4151:ɻ˔
4123:ð̠
4116:θ̠
4095:ð̼
4088:θ̼
3950:ʔh
3943:ʡʢ
3936:ʡʜ
3929:ɢʁ
3922:qχ
3915:ɡɣ
3908:kx
3901:ɟʝ
3894:cç
3823:bβ
3816:pɸ
3788:dʑ
3781:tɕ
3774:dʐ
3767:tʂ
3746:dz
3739:ts
3610:d̼
3603:t̼
3596:b̪
3589:p̪
3546:ɴ̥
3532:ŋ̊
3518:ɲ̊
3504:ɳ̊
3486:n̥
3475:n̼
3459:ɱ̊
3445:m̥
3373:↓
3345:→
2985:,
2975:53
2973:,
2953:36
2951:,
2891:38
2889:,
2869:33
2867:,
2863:,
2843:10
2841:,
2755:,
2745:,
2721:,
2711:29
2709:,
2705:,
2650:,
2640:25
2638:,
2610:^
2557:^
2494:^
2468:.
2458:.
2448:20
2446:.
2442:.
2418:^
2396:^
2330:^
2315:^
2288:^
2248:^
2233:^
2186:.
2119:^
2105:.
2095:48
2093:.
1963:er
1921:la
1887:sj
1853:la
1798:ia
1794:a
1778:.
1599:ba
1487:vh
1485:da
1382:pa
1307:sá
1283:'
1270:भा
1255:.
1208:Na
1155:hu
1094:ri
1052:kō
1044:神戸
1023:ot
986:er
857:up
747:pv
574:সা
572:ভি
539:fu
356:.
341:,
326::
281:ʋ̟
273:β̞
264:.
182:ʋ̟
173:β̞
6672:ɒ
6656:ɑ
6636:ä
6623:ɶ
6607:a
6585:ɐ
6565:æ
6545:ɔ
6529:ʌ
6516:ɞ
6500:ɜ
6487:œ
6471:ɛ
6422:ə
6373:o
6357:ɤ
6344:ɵ
6328:ɘ
6315:ø
6299:e
6279:ʊ
6257:ʏ
6241:ɪ
6221:u
6205:ɯ
6192:ʉ
6176:ɨ
6163:y
6147:i
5965:ɫ
5941:ɧ
5929:w
5922:ʍ
5908:ɥ
5892:/
5639:ʛ
5632:ɠ
5625:ʄ
5618:ᶑ
5609:ɗ
5598:ɓ
5476:ʞ
4989:U
4982:V
4975:P
4954:A
4947:D
4813:ɺ
4761:ʟ
4752:ʎ
4743:ɭ
4730:l
4653:ꞎ
4642:ɮ
4635:ɬ
4507:ʢ
4500:ʜ
4493:ʀ
4453:r
4427:ʙ
4376:ɽ
4358:ɾ
4331:ⱱ
4289:ɰ
4280:j
4271:ɻ
4258:ɹ
4241:ʋ
4221:ɦ
4214:h
4207:ʕ
4200:ħ
4193:ʁ
4186:χ
4179:ɣ
4172:x
4165:ʝ
4158:ç
4109:ð
4102:θ
4081:v
4074:f
4067:β
4060:ɸ
4032:ʑ
4025:ɕ
4018:ʐ
4011:ʂ
4004:ʒ
3997:ʃ
3990:z
3983:s
3704:ʔ
3695:ʡ
3688:ɢ
3681:q
3674:ɡ
3667:k
3660:ɟ
3653:c
3646:ɖ
3639:ʈ
3628:d
3621:t
3582:b
3575:p
3553:ɴ
3539:ŋ
3525:ɲ
3511:ɳ
3493:n
3466:ɱ
3452:m
3203:)
3199:(
3147:)
3143:(
3132:e
3125:t
3118:v
2981::
2959::
2897::
2875::
2849::
2741::
2717::
2646::
2528:.
2476:.
2462::
2454::
2353:.
2282:.
2196:.
2180::
2113:.
2101::
2016:ʋ
1995:в
1961:b
1959:a
1925:a
1923:v
1889:w
1855:v
1823:w
1796:v
1792:v
1762:w
1711:w
1706:/
1702:私
1661:b
1659:a
1632:a
1630:b
1597:a
1489:a
1461:w
1427:v
1386:a
1384:b
1347:w
1309:b
1279:'
1268:स
1234:v
1230:v
1210:b
1166:後
1164:追
1160:/
1149:/
1144:후
1142:추
1118:b
1116:a
1092:b
1068:'
1064:'
1056:e
1054:b
1048:/
1021:v
984:b
982:a
961:a
959:v
957:a
955:v
953:i
932:e
930:ʋ
928:E
912:b
896:v
881:/
879:v
877:/
859:v
838:b
795:b
787:w
745:u
689:b
678:八
676:初
630:b
628:a
595:/
593:v
591:/
541:f
518:a
516:v
434:–
413:.
398:.
354:'
348:'
339:'
333:'
292:β
286:β
255:β
251:B
243:β
113:B
29:β
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