226:
5039:
137:
160:
5564:
5544:
5515:
5473:
5437:
5408:
5379:
5343:
5301:
5265:
5236:
5207:
5171:
5149:
5113:
5084:
5055:
142:
5596:
4619:
3782:
873:
2128:
2164:
726:
2138:
2148:
442:
2133:
1598:
1573:
1628:
2118:
1657:
Ziya, Muhammad Amin, Prof. (2010, October). Gilti Shina Urdu
Dictionary / ݜِناٗ - اُردو لغت. Publisher: Zia Publications, Gilgit. ضیاء پبلیکبشنز، گلیٗتISBN: 978-969-942-00-8
2095:
2085:
252:
in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency
65:
2080:
4972:
3029:
2775:
3043:
3036:
2782:
3257:
3015:
2761:
479:
471:
2030:
4761:
3050:
2747:
4800:
4723:
66:
4934:
4864:
3022:
2768:
1824:
4807:
4704:
5605:
5140:
4929:
4628:
3791:
3552:
3459:
2044:
4884:
4821:
4633:
3642:
3534:
3441:
2754:
622:
4828:
4774:
4730:
5156:
4977:
4167:
4122:
3629:
3566:
3473:
2924:
2680:
1606:
1577:
4957:
4742:
4711:
1636:
5178:
4133:
4085:
4071:
4013:
3999:
3651:
3559:
3466:
2075:
742:
72:
4906:
4891:
4671:
5227:
4147:
3669:
3580:
3541:
3487:
3448:
3205:
1834:
4657:
484:
where there is now, the latter sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in
5399:
4140:
3796:
3723:
3660:
3573:
3480:
2987:
2931:
2896:
2687:
2652:
790:
4767:
4749:
5665:
5464:
5243:
5198:
3705:
2973:
2729:
2039:
1434:
1391:
834:
359:
190:
4677:
5415:
5370:
5256:
4623:
4618:
4050:
3978:
3786:
3781:
3587:
3494:
3140:
3099:
2835:
2502:
1943:
4685:
2238:
5670:
5655:
5428:
5214:
5075:
4574:
4434:
4402:
3730:
2994:
2910:
2903:
2666:
2659:
2488:
1453:
1180:
842:
4663:
5660:
5650:
5535:
5386:
5272:
4967:
4565:
4554:
4466:
4078:
4006:
3712:
3170:
2980:
2959:
2882:
2736:
2715:
2638:
2123:
2023:
1658:
614:
136:
4780:
5675:
5444:
5091:
5046:
4581:
4064:
4043:
3992:
3739:
3157:
3113:
3106:
3057:
2849:
2842:
2793:
2538:
2509:
2358:
2191:
1448:
4691:
1298:, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing
5600:
5595:
5506:
5104:
4595:
4517:
3399:
3292:
3179:
3085:
3001:
2821:
2673:
2520:
2495:
2474:
1322:
276:
141:
5009:
1860:
1845:
5555:
5292:
5062:
4962:
4588:
4508:
4497:
4099:
4057:
4027:
3985:
3363:
3071:
2966:
2889:
2807:
2722:
2645:
2552:
2403:
2374:
1354:, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
308:, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
521:
Pronounced when occurring at the first syllable. A native Wu
Chinese speaker may reduce it a sound closer to a
5522:
5334:
5120:
4646:
4524:
4092:
4020:
3748:
3345:
3319:
3268:
3188:
3120:
3064:
2800:
2580:
2545:
2385:
2365:
2344:
924:
225:
5571:
5484:
5308:
4538:
3934:
3406:
3239:
3230:
3213:
3092:
3008:
2828:
2566:
2527:
2481:
2417:
2016:
476:
and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for
80:
5350:
4531:
4295:
4233:
3925:
3914:
3859:
3825:
3385:
3370:
3250:
3078:
2814:
2559:
2445:
2410:
2301:
2286:
2270:
1998:
1788:
1430:
1318:
1291:
1245:
1236:
1163:
784:
780:
746:
665:
560:
272:
238:
194:
39:
4357:
4284:
4264:
4222:
4202:
3941:
3838:
3352:
3326:
3301:
3275:
2587:
2431:
2392:
2351:
2281:
2242:
2090:
1409:
1306:
522:
260:
17:
4813:
4346:
4326:
4304:
4242:
3955:
3894:
3221:
2573:
2424:
2326:
1178:
840:
832:
788:
650:
632:
620:
612:
477:
469:
183:
5610:
4877:
4488:
4375:
4366:
4275:
4213:
3962:
3948:
3866:
3392:
2452:
2306:
2263:
1415:
1358:
1314:
1310:
1156:
859:
661:
596:
312:
268:
264:
206:
4900:
4337:
3903:
3852:
3831:
2594:
2438:
2296:
2276:
2234:
1960:
1776:
1366:
1362:
1140:
1133:
1079:
764:
757:
712:
320:
316:
214:
1888:
Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), "Mapudungun",
5321:
4856:
4258:
4109:
3873:
3804:
3418:
2331:
2311:
2253:
2143:
1830:
1370:
1351:
1330:
1072:
1038:
885:
485:
458:
341:
324:
305:
284:
209:, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a
347:
The commonality of cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages.
5131:
4650:
4196:
3887:
3845:
2321:
2291:
2258:
2248:
1976:
1952:
1928:
1897:
1875:
1803:
1768:
1404:
1326:
1096:
1055:
1045:
994:
852:
804:
750:
695:
589:
534:
493:
396:
337:
280:
1753:
5455:
5189:
4187:
3880:
3313:
2316:
2186:
2008:
1919:
Zygis, Marzena (2003), "Phonetic and
Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives",
1816:
1126:
1101:
975:
968:
961:
899:
702:
681:
673:
410:
403:
379:
372:
5361:
1344:
1115:
999:
931:
892:
298:
5644:
5020:
4548:
4390:
3808:
1964:
1820:
1659:
https://archive.org/details/MuhammadAmeenZiaGiltiShinaUrduDictionary/page/n5/mode/1up
249:
1956:
4870:
2603:
1780:
1996:
1846:"An overview of linguistic structures in Torwali, a language of Northern Pakistan"
159:
1526:
1524:
64:
5618:
5032:
5015:
4793:
4320:
3128:
2201:
2179:
1981:
1933:
1317:(with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is
1190:
512:
271:(with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is
130:
529:) when trying to force a unnatural voiced pronunciation on the first syllable.
336:
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between
5497:
5025:
2338:
2196:
1902:
1880:
1808:
1772:
1325:. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be
1299:
1253:
279:. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be
253:
47:
5283:
4789:
4037:
3970:
2860:
2616:
2224:
1337:
1295:
1197:
796:
779:
Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of
291:
245:
179:
5589:
4924:
4846:
4840:
4612:
3775:
2613:
1177:
Used in dialects spoken in villages north of
Hoyerswerda; corresponds to
811:
498:
242:
186:
4697:
3908:
2468:
2174:
2003:
1340:
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
1268:
579:
294:
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
198:
118:
248:, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a
5000:
2169:
224:
1530:
1473:
4998:
2222:
2057:
2012:
1472:
Phoible.org. (2018). PHOIBLE Online – Segments. Available at:
1365:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
319:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
1347:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
1015:
The phoneme changes to , when it is at the end of a syllable
301:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
158:
1541:
1539:
1286:
Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative:
741:
and, when written so, may be instead pronounced as the
1484:
1482:
1071:
Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as or . See
1973:
Fonologia e morfossintaxe da língua mehináku (arawak)
3813:
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
908:
897:
5454:
5282:
5130:
4950:
2269:
2241:
2157:
2111:
2068:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1229:
565:
129:
117:
106:
93:
88:
56:
46:
37:
32:
1732:
1941:Drude, Sebastian (2020), "A Fonologia do Awetí",
1890:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1868:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1796:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1761:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1971:Felipe, Paulo Henrique Pereira Silva de (2020),
1669:
594:
1313:, which prototypically means it is articulated
1138:
428:
419:
408:
267:, which prototypically means it is articulated
816:
4973:Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
2024:
1853:M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington
1705:
1503:
1053:
857:
539:
504:
8:
973:
762:
710:
377:
1787:Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010),
939:
233:Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant:
27:Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʐ⟩ in IPA
4995:
4947:
2219:
2065:
2054:
2031:
2017:
2009:
1754:"Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages"
1728:
1726:
149:
2086:Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)
1980:
1932:
1901:
1879:
1807:
429:
1693:
1556:
1554:
1381:
1202:
1195:
1119:
654:
639:
462:
349:
3827:
2268:
1944:Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas
1914:, Budyšin: Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina
1681:
1465:
1230:Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative
1223:Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative
213:(the letter used for the corresponding
18:Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative
2252:
1560:
1545:
1499:
1497:
1226:
745:by few speakers. It is transcribed as
193:that represents this sound is ⟨
29:
4487:
4186:
3902:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2262:
2257:
2247:
1717:
1515:
1488:
737:Also represented orthographically by
7:
3860:
940:
4978:Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
3839:
3803:Symbols to the right in a cell are
1826:The Sounds of the World's Languages
1574:"Gwary polskie – Frykatywne rż (ř)"
176:voiced retroflex sibilant fricative
3895:
2076:International Phonetic Association
1329:(pointed) or, in some fricatives,
923:Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See
743:raised alveolar non-sonorant trill
525:(similar to the Standard Mandarin
283:(pointed) or, in some fricatives,
25:
5570:
5554:
5534:
5521:
5505:
5483:
5463:
5443:
5427:
5414:
5398:
5385:
5369:
5349:
5333:
5320:
5307:
5291:
5271:
5255:
5242:
5226:
5213:
5197:
5177:
5155:
5139:
5119:
5103:
5090:
5074:
5061:
5045:
4905:
4890:
4883:
4863:
4839:
4827:
4820:
4806:
4799:
4773:
4760:
4748:
4741:
4729:
4722:
4710:
4703:
4684:
4670:
4656:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4564:
4553:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4507:
4496:
4465:
4433:
4401:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4345:
4336:
4325:
4303:
4294:
4283:
4274:
4263:
4241:
4232:
4221:
4212:
4201:
4166:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4121:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3924:
3913:
3867:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3711:
3704:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3628:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3540:
3533:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3447:
3440:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3369:
3362:
3351:
3344:
3325:
3318:
3300:
3291:
3274:
3267:
3256:
3249:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3204:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3156:
3139:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2526:
2519:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2391:
2384:
2373:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2327:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
5594:
5562:
5542:
5513:
5471:
5435:
5406:
5377:
5341:
5299:
5263:
5234:
5205:
5169:
5147:
5111:
5082:
5053:
5037:
4617:
3853:
3832:
3780:
2129:Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
140:
135:
62:
3874:
2040:International Phonetic Alphabet
1957:10.18468/rbli.2020v3n2.p183-205
1912:Gramatika hornjo-serbskeje rěče
1733:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996
1599:"Gwary polskie – Gwara regionu"
1435:South African English phonology
1429:Apical; typical realization of
409:
191:International Phonetic Alphabet
4958:Nasal labial–velar approximant
3888:
3846:
2149:IPA chart for English dialects
898:
758:Southeastern Cuyavian dialects
229:Schematic mid-sagittal section
1:
3881:
1670:Hanulíková & Hamann (2010
1474:http://phoible.org/parameters
1454:Voiced postalveolar fricative
749:by most Polish scholars. See
197:⟩, and the equivalent
4968:Voiceless bidental fricative
2091:Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)
1910:Šewc-Schuster, Hinc (1984),
645:Voicing is non-contrastive.
420:
2192:Phonetic symbols in Unicode
1947:(in Brazilian Portuguese),
1934:10.21248/zaspil.32.2003.191
1859:Merrill, Elizabeth (2008),
1844:Lunsford, Wayne A. (2001),
1629:"Gwary polskie – Szadzenie"
1449:Index of phonetics articles
1203:
909:
5692:
1975:(Thesis), pp. 87–89,
1633:www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl
1603:www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl
1185:in the standard language.
468:Diachronically related to
33:Voiced retroflex fricative
5496:
5360:
5188:
5031:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5007:
4994:
4963:Nasal palatal approximant
4647:Co-articulated consonants
4547:
4492:
4455:
4423:
4388:
4319:
4257:
4195:
4156:
4108:
4036:
3969:
3907:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3684:
3606:
3513:
3417:
3312:
3212:
3127:
2954:
2858:
2710:
2612:
2467:
2337:
2231:
2218:
2064:
2053:
1921:ZAS Papers in Linguistics
1903:10.1017/S0025100312000369
1881:10.1017/S0025100308003344
1809:10.1017/S0025100310000162
1773:10.1017/S0025100304001604
1384:
1196:
1189:
1139:
1132:
1114:
1095:
1078:
998:
993:
967:
955:
953:
938:
930:
891:
858:
851:
810:
778:
775:
773:
761:
701:
682:
649:
588:
559:
533:
505:
457:
402:
378:
371:
352:
148:
61:
925:Serbo-Croatian phonology
3823:Non-pulmonic consonants
2955:Non-sibilant fricative
2711:Non-sibilant affricate
2081:History of the alphabet
1997:List of languages with
817:
595:
566:
5666:Voiced oral consonants
2139:Sinological extensions
1752:Hamann, Silke (2004),
1531:Sadowsky et al. (2013)
1292:manner of articulation
1054:
974:
763:
711:
540:
239:manner of articulation
230:
163:
1829:. Oxford: Blackwell.
1307:place of articulation
523:retroflex approximant
511:/dʐan ʐɔʔ/ (without
261:place of articulation
228:
162:
5671:Retroflex consonants
5656:Fricative consonants
3607:Lateral approximant
1982:20.500.12733/1640175
1861:"Tilquiapan Zapotec"
1433:in that region. See
1373:, as in most sounds.
637:Marri Tjevin dialect
327:, as in most sounds.
207:retroflex consonants
189:. The symbol in the
182:sound, used in some
5661:Pulmonic consonants
5651:Sibilant consonants
2235:Pulmonic consonants
1706:Šewc-Schuster (1984
1639:on 13 November 2013
1609:on 13 November 2013
1504:Šewc-Schuster (1984
1367:intercostal muscles
1359:airstream mechanism
1157:Ukrainian phonology
668:in between vowels.
642:'they are laughing'
321:intercostal muscles
313:airstream mechanism
5676:Central consonants
4157:Lateral fricative
3807:, to the left are
3514:Lateral fricative
2302:Postalveolar
2287:Linguolabial
2134:Naming conventions
2097:Journal of the IPA
1518::180–181, 190–191)
1080:Tilquiapan Zapotec
739:⟨rz⟩
660:Resulted from the
231:
215:alveolar consonant
164:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5581:
5580:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4943:
4942:
4768:Uvular–epiglottal
4642:
4641:
4604:
4603:
3819:
3818:
3767:
3766:
3685:Lateral tap/flap
2282:Labiodental
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2144:World Orthography
1548:, pp. 87–89.
1440:
1439:
1371:abdominal muscles
1352:central consonant
1279:
1278:
1220:
1219:
1073:Swedish phonology
1039:Spanish phonology
886:Russian phonology
325:abdominal muscles
306:central consonant
172:
171:
168:
167:
83:
67:
16:(Redirected from
5683:
5622:
5598:
5575:
5574:
5566:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5546:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5526:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5488:
5487:
5475:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5448:
5447:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5419:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5390:
5389:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5354:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5325:
5324:
5312:
5311:
5303:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5276:
5275:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5218:
5217:
5209:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5182:
5181:
5173:
5172:
5160:
5159:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5124:
5123:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5095:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5041:
5040:
5010:
4996:
4948:
4909:
4894:
4887:
4867:
4843:
4831:
4824:
4810:
4803:
4777:
4764:
4752:
4745:
4736:Labial–retroflex
4733:
4726:
4714:
4707:
4688:
4678:Labial–retroflex
4674:
4660:
4621:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4568:
4557:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4511:
4500:
4471:
4439:
4407:
4378:
4371:
4362:
4351:
4342:
4331:
4309:
4300:
4289:
4280:
4269:
4247:
4238:
4227:
4218:
4207:
4193:bottom: uvular)
4170:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4125:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3917:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3826:
3814:
3784:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3726:
3715:
3708:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3632:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3544:
3537:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3451:
3444:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3373:
3366:
3355:
3348:
3329:
3322:
3304:
3295:
3278:
3271:
3260:
3253:
3242:
3233:
3224:
3208:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3160:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2606:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2530:
2523:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2395:
2388:
2377:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2239:
2220:
2066:
2055:
2048:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1967:
1937:
1936:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1884:
1883:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1817:Ladefoged, Peter
1812:
1811:
1793:
1783:
1758:
1736:
1730:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1635:. Archived from
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1605:. Archived from
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1576:. Archived from
1570:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1534:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1432:
1382:
1275:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1227:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1184:
1147:
1146:
1063:
1050:Central dialects
1034:'brown', 'mouse'
982:
946:
945:
915:
906:
905:
878:
877:
876:
875:
866:
865:
846:
838:
823:
794:
786:
782:
771:
751:Polish phonology
748:
740:
731:
730:
729:
728:
719:
696:Pashto phonology
684:
678:Southern dialect
667:
626:
618:
603:
573:
548:
508:
507:
483:
475:
447:
446:
445:
444:
435:
434:
426:
417:
416:
397:Abkhaz phonology
387:
386:
350:
204:
196:
150:
144:
139:
125:
110:
102:
97:
78:
71:
69:
68:
42:
41:
30:
21:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5630:
5620:
5619:unrounded
5615:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5504:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5368:
5356:
5355:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5290:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5196:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5102:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5044:
5038:
5003:
4982:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4912:Labial–alveolar
4910:
4903:
4898:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4844:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4825:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4765:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4746:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4718:
4717:Labial–alveolar
4715:
4708:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4664:Labial–alveolar
4661:
4653:
4643:
4638:
4468:
4436:
4424:Voiced lateral
4404:
4379:
4368:
4359:
4348:
4339:
4328:
4306:
4297:
4286:
4277:
4266:
4244:
4235:
4224:
4215:
4204:
4192:
4190:
3812:
3801:
2307:Retroflex
2227:
2206:
2165:ASCII encodings
2153:
2107:
2060:
2049:
2042:
2037:
1993:
1988:
1970:
1940:
1918:
1909:
1887:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1815:
1791:
1786:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1445:
1380:
1284:
1273:
1244:
1235:
1225:
1127:Ubykh phonology
872:
871:
870:
869:
831:Apical; may be
805:Suwałki dialect
738:
725:
724:
723:
722:
441:
440:
439:
438:
334:
223:
205:. Like all the
202:
123:
108:
100:
95:
84:
76:
63:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5689:
5687:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5592:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5519:
5512:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5470:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5434:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5412:
5405:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5383:
5376:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5340:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5305:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5262:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5240:
5233:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5211:
5204:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5175:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5153:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5117:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5088:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5059:
5052:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4911:
4904:
4899:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4845:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4818:
4814:Labial–palatal
4812:
4805:
4798:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4683:
4682:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4662:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4569:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4456:Nasal lateral
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4292:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4239:
4230:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4208:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3929:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3655:
3648:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:Bilabial
2274:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2112:Special topics
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1992:
1991:External links
1989:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1938:
1916:
1907:
1885:
1874:(1): 107–114,
1856:
1841:
1835:
1821:Maddieson, Ian
1813:
1802:(3): 373–378,
1784:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1694:Lunsford (2001
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1620:
1590:
1565:
1550:
1535:
1520:
1508:
1493:
1491:, p. 190.
1478:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1355:
1348:
1345:oral consonant
1341:
1334:
1321:without being
1303:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
988:
985:
983:
971:
965:
964:
958:
957:
954:
952:
937:
934:
928:
927:
921:
918:
916:
895:
893:Serbo-Croatian
889:
888:
882:
879:
867:
855:
849:
848:
829:
826:
824:
814:
808:
807:
801:
800:
777:
774:
772:
760:
754:
753:
735:
732:
720:
708:
705:
699:
698:
692:
689:
687:
679:
676:
670:
669:
658:
655:
653:
647:
646:
643:
640:
638:
635:
629:
628:
609:
606:
604:
592:
586:
585:
583:
576:
574:
563:
557:
556:
554:
551:
549:
537:
531:
530:
519:
516:
509:
502:
496:
490:
489:
466:
463:
461:
455:
454:
451:
448:
436:
406:
400:
399:
393:
390:
388:
375:
369:
368:
365:
362:
357:
354:
333:
330:
329:
328:
309:
302:
299:oral consonant
295:
288:
275:without being
257:
222:
219:
170:
169:
166:
165:
155:
154:
146:
145:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
86:
85:
70:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5688:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5625:
5624:
5623: rounded
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5573:
5557:
5550:
5537:
5530:
5524:
5508:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5486:
5479:
5466:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5423:
5417:
5401:
5394:
5388:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5352:
5336:
5329:
5323:
5316:
5310:
5294:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5274:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5200:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5180:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5142:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5106:
5099:
5093:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5048:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4908:
4902:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4858:
4851:
4849:
4842:
4830:
4823:
4815:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4791:
4782:
4781:Labial–uvular
4776:
4769:
4763:
4751:
4744:
4732:
4725:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4679:
4673:
4665:
4659:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3824:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Case variants
2122:
2120:
2119:Cursive forms
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1836:0-631-19815-6
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:Merrill (2008
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1580:on 2013-11-13
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:Felipe (2020)
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:, p. 90.
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:Some dialects
1167:
1165:
1164:Upper Sorbian
1162:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1001:
996:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
972:
970:
966:
963:
960:
959:
950:
943:
935:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
904:
902:
896:
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
874:
868:
864:
862:
856:
854:
850:
844:
836:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
815:
813:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
792:
770:
769:
767:
759:
756:
755:
752:
744:
736:
733:
727:
721:
718:
717:
715:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
688:
686:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
636:
634:
631:
630:
624:
616:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
599:
593:
591:
587:
584:
581:
577:
575:
572:
570:
564:
562:
561:Lower Sorbian
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
517:
514:
510:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
481:
473:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
443:
437:
432:
425:
423:
415:
413:
407:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
385:
383:
376:
374:
370:
366:
363:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
343:
339:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
244:
240:
236:
235:
234:
227:
220:
218:
216:
212:
208:
200:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:is a type of
177:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
132:
128:
122:
120:
116:
112:
105:
99:
92:
87:
82:
74:
60:
55:
51:
49:
45:
36:
31:
19:
5616:
4897:Labial–velar
4847:
4834:Labial–velar
4755:Labial–velar
4692:Labial–velar
4645:
4191:(top: velar;
3822:
3802:
2917:
2233:
2100:
2096:
1972:
1948:
1942:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1896:(1): 87–96,
1893:
1889:
1871:
1867:
1852:
1825:
1799:
1795:
1767:(1): 53–67,
1764:
1760:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1602:
1593:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1568:
1561:Hamann (2004
1511:
1489:Drude (2020)
1468:
1416:
1414:
1410:Eastern Cape
1319:postalveolar
1285:
1204:
1141:
1057:
1025:
1021:
1005:
976:
948:
941:
910:
900:
860:
819:
765:
713:
597:
568:
545:
541:
526:
430:
421:
411:
381:
346:
335:
273:postalveolar
232:
210:
175:
173:
57:Audio sample
4859:approximant
4794:approximant
3129:Approximant
2202:IPA Braille
2180:Kirshenbaum
1999:[ʐ]
1927:: 175–213,
1718:Zygis (2003
1516:Zygis (2003
1323:palatalized
633:Marrithiyel
513:tone sandhi
277:palatalized
180:consonantal
5645:Categories
5606:full chart
5132:Near-close
4930:full chart
4852:(variable)
4629:full chart
4112:affricate
3792:full chart
3421:affricate
2225:Consonants
2197:IPA number
2059:IPA topics
1951:(2): 190,
1743:References
1643:14 January
1613:14 January
1584:2013-11-06
1378:Occurrence
1300:turbulence
1254:IPA Number
1122:'firewood'
1108:'straight'
590:Mapudungun
518:'Changshu'
465:'to pray'
332:Occurrence
254:turbulence
201:symbol is
101:ʐ
48:IPA Number
5456:Near-open
5190:Close-mid
4878:Implosive
4871:Velarized
4790:Fricative
4549:Voiceless
4489:Implosive
4038:Fricative
3971:Affricate
3809:voiceless
2861:fricative
2859:Sibilant
2617:affricate
2264:Laryngeal
2158:Encodings
1965:234223262
1343:It is an
1338:phonation
1315:subapical
1311:retroflex
1296:fricative
1134:Ukrainian
962:Kohistani
956:'donkey'
847:instead.
797:Szadzenie
776:'he paid'
691:'thirsty'
683:تږى/tâjai
627:instead.
453:Laminal.
297:It is an
292:phonation
269:subapical
265:retroflex
246:fricative
187:languages
96:(decimal)
5617:Legend:
5611:template
5590:IPA help
5362:Open-mid
4935:template
4925:IPA help
4901:Ejective
4873:alveolar
4634:template
4613:IPA help
3904:Ejective
3797:template
3776:IPA help
3214:Tap/flap
2614:Sibilant
2297:Alveolar
1823:(1996).
1789:"Slovak"
1443:See also
1385:Language
1363:pulmonic
1350:It is a
1282:Features
1263:Encoding
1144:aбa/žaba
1089:'bottom'
936:Gilgiti
920:'yellow'
863:ена/žena
812:Romagnol
707:Standard
657:'parrot'
651:Mehináku
608:'flower'
499:Changshu
353:Language
317:pulmonic
304:It is a
243:sibilant
221:Features
107:Unicode
89:Encoding
5621:•
5021:Central
4857:Lateral
4698:Plosive
4493:Voiced
4391:lateral
4389:Tenuis
4380:
4110:Lateral
3419:Lateral
2469:Plosive
2332:Glottal
2312:Palatal
2254:Coronal
2175:X-SAMPA
2004:PHOIBLE
1781:2224095
1696::16–20)
1506::40–41)
1405:English
1396:Meaning
1333:(flat).
1331:laminal
1269:X-SAMPA
1258:152 429
1214:'grass'
1097:Torwali
1046:Swedish
995:Spanish
853:Russian
768:apłacił
685:
662:voicing
611:May be
580:Lusatia
535:Faroese
501:dialect
494:Chinese
364:Meaning
342:laminal
287:(flat).
285:laminal
199:X-SAMPA
131:Braille
119:X-SAMPA
94:Entity
5599:
5001:Vowels
4850:-sound
4622:
4259:Voiced
4197:Tenuis
3805:voiced
3785:
2776:t̠ɹ̠̊˔
2322:Uvular
2292:Dental
2271:Manner
2259:Dorsal
2249:Labial
1963:
1833:
1779:
1399:Notes
1327:apical
1152:'frog'
1068:'free'
1000:Andean
987:'frog'
969:Slovak
881:'wife'
734:'wife'
703:Polish
674:Pashto
404:Adyghe
392:'half'
384:а/abža
373:Abkhaz
367:Notes
338:apical
281:apical
250:groove
184:spoken
153:Image
113:U+0290
77:·
75:
73:source
5601:audio
5033:Close
5016:Front
4951:Other
4885:ɠ̊͜ɓ̥
4651:Nasal
4624:audio
4321:Nasal
4188:Click
3787:audio
3314:Trill
2783:d̠ɹ̠˔
2339:Nasal
2317:Velar
2243:Place
2170:SAMPA
2045:chart
1961:S2CID
1864:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1792:(PDF)
1777:S2CID
1757:(PDF)
1735::165)
1720::180)
1684::109)
1672::374)
1460:Notes
1426:'red'
1274:r\`_r
1183:]
1179:[
1116:Ubykh
1012:'do'
951:akuṇ
932:Shina
845:]
841:[
837:]
833:[
828:'ten'
795:(see
793:]
789:[
787:into
625:]
621:[
617:]
613:[
553:'run'
486:Waurá
482:]
478:[
474:]
470:[
459:Awetí
450:'old'
109:(hex)
79:
5498:Open
5026:Back
4907:t͡pʼ
4148:q𝼄ʼ
4141:k𝼄ʼ
4134:c𝼆ʼ
4000:t̠ʃʼ
3986:t̪θʼ
3979:p̪fʼ
3909:Stop
3364:ɽ̊r̥
3030:ɹ̠̊˔
2762:tɹ̝̊
2187:TIPA
2101:JIPA
1831:ISBN
1708::41)
1645:2022
1615:2022
1563::65)
1388:Word
1369:and
1357:Its
1336:Its
1305:Its
1290:Its
1155:See
1125:See
1037:See
1028:atón
1024:ón,
1004:hace
884:See
783:and
694:See
600:ayen
395:See
356:Word
340:and
323:and
311:Its
290:Its
259:Its
237:Its
174:The
81:help
5284:Mid
4892:ɠ͡ɓ
4775:q͡p
4762:q͡ʡ
4750:ɡ͡b
4743:k͡p
4731:ɖ͡b
4724:ʈ͡p
4712:d͡b
4705:t͡p
4686:ŋ͡m
4672:ɳ͡m
4658:n͡m
4360:ɴ𝼊
4358:ŋ𝼊
4298:ɢ𝼊
4296:ɡ𝼊
4236:q𝼊
4234:k𝼊
4123:tɬʼ
4028:qχʼ
4021:kxʼ
4014:tɕʼ
4007:tʂʼ
3993:tsʼ
3724:𝼈̥
3495:ɡʟ̝
3488:k𝼄
3481:ɟʎ̝
3474:c𝼆
3467:d𝼅
3044:ɻ̊˔
3037:ɹ̠˔
2769:dɹ̝
2755:d̪ð
2748:t̪θ
2737:b̪v
2730:p̪f
2660:d̠ʒ
2653:t̠ʃ
2069:IPA
2002:on
1977:hdl
1953:doi
1929:doi
1898:doi
1876:doi
1804:doi
1769:doi
1431:/r/
1392:IPA
1361:is
1309:is
1294:is
1102:ݜوڙ
979:aba
944:کُݨ
839:or
835:z̺ʲ
799:).
785:/z/
781:/ʐ/
747:/ʒ/
716:ona
666:/ʂ/
664:of
619:or
571:yca
544:enn
427:/
360:IPA
315:is
263:is
241:is
217:).
52:137
5647::
5351:o̞
5335:ɤ̞
5309:ø̞
5293:e̞
4848:Sj
4801:ɥ̊
4596:ʛ̥
4589:ɠ̊
4582:ʄ̊
4575:ᶑ̊
4566:ɗ̥
4555:ɓ̥
4469:ɴǁ
4467:ŋǁ
4437:ɢǁ
4435:ɡǁ
4405:qǁ
4403:kǁ
4369:ɴǂ
4367:ŋǂ
4349:ɴǃ
4347:ŋǃ
4340:ɴǀ
4338:ŋǀ
4329:ɴʘ
4327:ŋʘ
4307:ɢǂ
4305:ɡǂ
4287:ɢǃ
4285:ɡǃ
4278:ɢǀ
4276:ɡǀ
4267:ɢʘ
4265:ɡʘ
4245:qǂ
4243:kǂ
4225:qǃ
4223:kǃ
4216:qǀ
4214:kǀ
4205:qʘ
4203:kʘ
4168:ɬʼ
4100:χʼ
4093:xʼ
4086:ɕʼ
4079:ʂʼ
4072:ʃʼ
4065:sʼ
4058:θʼ
4051:fʼ
4044:ɸʼ
3963:ʡʼ
3956:qʼ
3949:kʼ
3942:cʼ
3935:ʈʼ
3926:tʼ
3915:pʼ
3896:EG
3868:RF
3861:PA
3840:LD
3833:BL
3811:.
3749:ʟ̆
3740:ʎ̆
3731:𝼈
3706:ɺ̥
3670:ʟ̠
3588:ʟ̝
3581:𝼄
3574:ʎ̝
3567:𝼆
3560:𝼅
3460:tꞎ
3449:dɮ
3442:tɬ
3386:ʀ̥
3371:ɽr
3346:r̥
3320:ʙ̥
3302:ʡ̆
3293:ɢ̆
3269:ɽ̊
3251:ɾ̥
3240:ɾ̼
3222:ⱱ̟
3206:ʔ̞
3051:ɻ˔
3023:ð̠
3016:θ̠
2995:ð̼
2988:θ̼
2850:ʔh
2843:ʡʢ
2836:ʡʜ
2829:ɢʁ
2822:qχ
2815:ɡɣ
2808:kx
2801:ɟʝ
2794:cç
2723:bβ
2716:pɸ
2688:dʑ
2681:tɕ
2674:dʐ
2667:tʂ
2646:dz
2639:ts
2510:d̼
2503:t̼
2496:b̪
2489:p̪
2446:ɴ̥
2432:ŋ̊
2418:ɲ̊
2404:ɳ̊
2386:n̥
2375:n̼
2359:ɱ̊
2345:m̥
2273:↓
2245:→
1959:,
1923:,
1894:43
1892:,
1872:38
1870:,
1866:,
1851:,
1819:;
1800:40
1798:,
1794:,
1775:,
1765:34
1763:,
1759:,
1725:^
1631:.
1601:.
1553:^
1538:^
1523:^
1496:^
1481:^
1419:ed
1246:ɻ˔
1237:ɻ̝
1191:Yi
1031:,
1022:rr
1020:ma
947:/
942:ڙَ
913:ut
907:/
903:ут
818:di
567:Łu
506:常熟
488:.
433:ہـ
418:/
412:жъ
380:аб
344:.
203:z`
124:z`
5572:ɒ
5556:ɑ
5536:ä
5523:ɶ
5507:a
5485:ɐ
5465:æ
5445:ɔ
5429:ʌ
5416:ɞ
5400:ɜ
5387:œ
5371:ɛ
5322:ə
5273:o
5257:ɤ
5244:ɵ
5228:ɘ
5215:ø
5199:e
5179:ʊ
5157:ʏ
5141:ɪ
5121:u
5105:ɯ
5092:ʉ
5076:ɨ
5063:y
5047:i
4865:ɫ
4841:ɧ
4829:w
4822:ʍ
4808:ɥ
4792:/
4539:ʛ
4532:ɠ
4525:ʄ
4518:ᶑ
4509:ɗ
4498:ɓ
4376:ʞ
3889:U
3882:V
3875:P
3854:A
3847:D
3713:ɺ
3661:ʟ
3652:ʎ
3643:ɭ
3630:l
3553:ꞎ
3542:ɮ
3535:ɬ
3407:ʢ
3400:ʜ
3393:ʀ
3353:r
3327:ʙ
3276:ɽ
3258:ɾ
3231:ⱱ
3189:ɰ
3180:j
3171:ɻ
3158:ɹ
3141:ʋ
3121:ɦ
3114:h
3107:ʕ
3100:ħ
3093:ʁ
3086:χ
3079:ɣ
3072:x
3065:ʝ
3058:ç
3009:ð
3002:θ
2981:v
2974:f
2967:β
2960:ɸ
2932:ʑ
2925:ɕ
2918:ʐ
2911:ʂ
2904:ʒ
2897:ʃ
2890:z
2883:s
2604:ʔ
2595:ʡ
2588:ɢ
2581:q
2574:ɡ
2567:k
2560:ɟ
2553:c
2546:ɖ
2539:ʈ
2528:d
2521:t
2482:b
2475:p
2453:ɴ
2439:ŋ
2425:ɲ
2411:ɳ
2393:n
2366:ɱ
2352:m
2103:)
2099:(
2047:)
2043:(
2032:e
2025:t
2018:v
1979::
1955::
1949:3
1931::
1925:3
1900::
1878::
1839:.
1806::
1771::
1647:.
1617:.
1587:.
1476:.
1417:r
1302:.
1207:y
1205:r
1198:ꏜ
1181:ʒ
1142:ж
1084:?
1060:i
1058:r
1056:f
1026:r
1006:r
977:ž
949:ẓ
911:ž
901:ж
861:ж
843:ʒ
820:ṣ
791:z
766:z
714:ż
623:ɭ
615:ɻ
598:r
582:'
578:'
569:ž
542:r
527:r
515:)
480:ɾ
472:ɾ
431:ظ
424:ı
422:j
414:ы
382:ж
256:.
211:z
195:ʐ
40:ʐ
20:)
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