137:
6271:
142:
6796:
6776:
6747:
6705:
6669:
6640:
6611:
6575:
6533:
6497:
6468:
6439:
6403:
6381:
6345:
6316:
6287:
6828:
5851:
5014:
244:
have the voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative. Speakers of languages and dialects without the sound sometimes have difficulty producing or distinguishing it from similar sounds, especially if they have had no chance to acquire it in childhood, and typically replace it with a
2328:
because of the relatively flat shape of the tongue body.... To this writer, the coronal , heard throughout
Andalusia, should be characterized by such terms as "soft," "fuzzy," or "imprecise," which, as we shall see, brings it quite close to one variety of
1109:
2393:
is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent
414:
is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent
3360:
940:
528:
3396:
2333:... Canfield has referred, quite correctly, in our opinion, to this as "the lisping coronal-dental," and Amado Alonso remarks how close it is to the post-dental , suggesting a combined symbol to represent it".
1576:
Mostly occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing this sound, but the writing is not distinguished from the Arabic loanwords with the sound and this sound must be learned separately by the speakers. See
3370:
3380:
3365:
3350:
3103:
1835:
3327:
3317:
66:
2360:
in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency
220:
are rare phonemes, occurring in 4% of languages in a phonological analysis of 2,155 languages. Among the more than 60 languages with over 10 million speakers, only
3312:
6204:
4261:
4007:
2248:
4275:
4268:
4014:
166:. Though rather rare as a phoneme among the world's languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential ones. The symbol in the
4489:
4247:
3993:
2520:
3262:
5993:
4282:
3979:
1028:
65:
6032:
5955:
6166:
6096:
4254:
4000:
2917:
6039:
5936:
6837:
6372:
6161:
5860:
5023:
4784:
4691:
3276:
2643:
2530:
6116:
6053:
2938:
5865:
4874:
4766:
4673:
3986:
3188:
García Mouton, Pilar; Molina Martos, Isabel (1 January 2016), "La –/d/ final en el atlas dialectal de Madrid (ADIM): un cambio en marcha",
2998:"Étude de la réalisation des consonnes islandaises þ, ð, s, dans la prononciation d'un sujet islandais à partir de la radiocinématographie"
6060:
6006:
5962:
6388:
6209:
5399:
5354:
4861:
4798:
4705:
4156:
3912:
72:
6189:
5974:
5943:
6907:
6410:
5365:
5317:
5303:
5245:
5231:
4883:
4791:
4698:
3307:
3093:
6138:
6123:
5903:
6459:
5379:
4901:
4812:
4773:
4719:
4680:
4437:
3157:
2927:
2831:
5889:
6631:
5372:
5028:
4955:
4892:
4805:
4712:
4219:
4163:
4128:
3919:
3884:
5999:
5981:
2021:
2002:
6696:
6475:
6430:
4937:
4205:
3961:
3271:
2453:
2271:
466:
266:
167:
136:
5909:
6647:
6602:
6488:
5855:
5850:
5282:
5210:
5018:
5013:
4819:
4726:
4372:
4331:
4067:
3734:
5917:
3470:
3166:
Molina Martos, Isabel (December 2016), "Variación de la -/d/ final de palabra en Madrid: ¿prestigio abierto o encubierto?",
6882:
6660:
6446:
6307:
5806:
5666:
5634:
4962:
4226:
4142:
4135:
3898:
3891:
3720:
5895:
141:
6902:
6892:
6767:
6618:
6504:
6199:
5797:
5786:
5698:
5310:
5238:
4944:
4402:
4212:
4191:
4114:
3968:
3947:
3870:
3355:
3255:
1158:
305:
246:
6012:
6912:
6676:
6323:
6278:
5813:
5296:
5275:
5224:
4971:
4389:
4345:
4338:
4289:
4081:
4074:
4025:
3770:
3741:
3590:
3423:
2540:
5923:
2412:, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing
368:, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing
2174:
Realized as and in Aikap and other
Northern dialects. It can also be voiced depending on the preceding consonant.
6887:
6832:
6827:
6738:
6336:
5827:
5749:
4631:
4524:
4411:
4317:
4149:
4053:
3905:
3752:
3727:
3706:
3149:
844:
6241:
312:
as a whole, the sound was also once much more widespread, but is today preserved in a few languages including the
6787:
6524:
6294:
6194:
5820:
5740:
5729:
5331:
5289:
5259:
5217:
4595:
4303:
4198:
4121:
4039:
3954:
3877:
3784:
3635:
3606:
2545:
1062:
429:, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
6754:
6566:
6352:
5878:
5756:
5324:
5252:
4980:
4577:
4551:
4500:
4420:
4352:
4296:
4032:
3812:
3777:
3617:
3597:
3576:
404:
6803:
6716:
6540:
5770:
5166:
4638:
4471:
4462:
4445:
4324:
4240:
4060:
3798:
3759:
3713:
3649:
3248:
2515:
1328:
1010:
309:
217:
3235:
6582:
5763:
5527:
5465:
5157:
5146:
5091:
5057:
4617:
4602:
4482:
4310:
4046:
3791:
3677:
3642:
3533:
3518:
3502:
3225:
2525:
2405:
2346:
2330:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2067:
1621:
1390:
1194:
1152:
510:
361:
270:
262:
250:
171:
39:
1215:
5589:
5516:
5496:
5454:
5434:
5173:
5070:
4584:
4558:
4533:
4507:
3819:
3663:
3624:
3583:
3513:
3474:
3322:
2368:
2320:
describes this sound as follows: " is a voiceless, corono-dentoalveolar groove fricative, the so-called
2311:
1412:
960:
380:
258:
202:
17:
2247:
6045:
5578:
5558:
5536:
5474:
5187:
5126:
4453:
3805:
3656:
3558:
1156:
1026:
842:
804:
80:
6897:
6842:
6109:
5720:
5607:
5598:
5507:
5445:
5194:
5180:
5098:
4624:
3684:
3538:
3495:
2478:
2420:
1813:
1373:
1239:
1096:
688:
433:
345:
313:
254:
233:
782:
777:
6132:
5569:
5135:
5084:
5063:
3826:
3670:
3528:
3508:
3466:
3126:
3073:
3045:
3017:
2953:
2886:
2857:
2811:
2794:
2535:
2471:
2428:
2424:
2267:
1902:
1806:
1708:
1164:
792:
638:
616:
441:
437:
317:
301:
289:
274:
348:, like Egyptian Arabic. Classical Arabic (used in reciting the Quran) still retains the sound.
6553:
6088:
5490:
5341:
5105:
5036:
4650:
3563:
3543:
3485:
3375:
3153:
3089:
2923:
2827:
2501:
2432:
2383:
2287:
2075:
2043:
2007:
1981:
1957:
1952:
1846:
1830:
1394:
1128:
1121:
861:
854:
575:
486:
479:
445:
426:
399:
333:
325:
321:
6363:
5882:
5428:
5119:
5077:
3553:
3523:
3490:
3480:
3203:
3193:
3175:
3118:
3065:
3037:
3009:
2983:
2878:
2849:
2803:
2466:
2295:
2126:
2032:
1875:
1801:
1750:
1600:
1538:
1442:
1361:
1288:
1087:
1038:
997:
913:
880:
704:
663:
548:
393:
387:, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper
384:
337:
297:
237:
229:
225:
221:
210:
758:
698:
6687:
6421:
5419:
5112:
4545:
3548:
3418:
3240:
2909:
2897:
2152:
2133:
1839:. This sound is not contrastive in the Americas, southern Andalusia or the Canary Islands.
1780:
1685:
1578:
1516:
1434:
1405:
1366:
1335:
1312:
1302:
953:
905:
517:
505:
372:. It does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a
159:
2792:
Dalbor, John B. (1980), "Observations on
Present-Day Seseo and Ceceo in Southern Spain",
1263:
978:
This pronunciation is common in northern
Morocco, central Morocco, and northern Algeria.
288:
The sound is known to have disappeared from a number of languages, e.g. from most of the
6593:
2970:
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003),
2398:
2376:
2372:
2107:
2100:
1775:
1586:
1552:
1502:
1456:
1344:
1201:
1178:
1171:
1004:
983:
419:
341:
329:
293:
241:
191:
183:
6876:
6252:
5780:
5622:
5040:
3137:
3130:
3077:
3049:
3021:
2913:
2890:
2357:
1926:
1736:
1398:
3180:
209:, and not just against the back of the upper or lower teeth, as they are with other
6102:
3835:
1933:
1882:
1479:
725:
3223:
921:
730:
64:
6850:
6264:
6247:
6025:
5552:
4360:
3433:
3411:
2997:
1652:
282:
278:
130:
6729:
6257:
3570:
3428:
3122:
3069:
3041:
2988:
2882:
2736:
2413:
2361:
369:
205:" because they are often produced with the tongue between the upper and lower
47:
6515:
6021:
5269:
5202:
4092:
3848:
3456:
3145:
2409:
2390:
2353:
830:
411:
365:
155:
3198:
6821:
6156:
6078:
6072:
5844:
5007:
3845:
2350:
1644:
753:
373:
3208:
2692:
5929:
5140:
3700:
3406:
3230:
2802:(1), American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese: 5–19,
2225:
834:
826:
693:
175:
118:
3013:
2939:"Acoustic and sociolingustic aspects of lenition in Liverpool English"
2861:
2815:
2356:, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a
1867:
838:
822:
796:
3236:
Discrimination of
Unvoiced Fricatives using Machine Learning Methods
2971:
1897:
Mostly occurs in Arabic loanwords originally containing this sound.
403:. Note that most stops and liquids described as dental are actually
2853:
2807:
6232:
3401:
2496:
388:
206:
187:
2298:). It is usually represented by an ad-hoc symbol such as ⟨
2840:
Hall, Robert A. Jr. (1944). "Italian phonemes and orthography".
2564:
788:
542:
6230:
3454:
3289:
3244:
2563:
Phoible.org. (2018). PHOIBLE Online - Segments. Available at:
2427:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
2375:, which means it is articulated with a flat tongue against the
1620:
Limited the sub-dialects of the region of
Castillonais, in the
440:, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the
2401:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
422:, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
2869:
Hickey, Raymond (1984), "Coronal
Segments in Irish English",
2737:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003
1880:
3056:
Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic",
2386:, which means it is pronounced with the blade of the tongue.
2246:
1557:
2748:
344:. It has likewise disappeared from many modern vernacular
2848:(2). American Association of Teachers of Italian: 72–82.
356:
Features of the voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative:
162:. It is familiar to most English speakers as the 'th' in
958:
1986:
1962:
201:
The dental non-sibilant fricatives are often called "
5045:
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
6686:
6514:
6362:
6182:
3501:
3473:
3389:
3343:
3300:
2341:Features of the voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant:
2274:, though its features would be transcribed ⟨
2266:is the only sibilant fricative in some dialects of
2224:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2187:
129:
117:
106:
93:
88:
56:
46:
37:
32:
2616:
2604:
3111:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3058:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3030:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2976:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
190:, which is used for this sound in post-classical
1244:
1907:
1716:
643:
2080:
2051:
1220:
1136:
859:
484:
194:, and the sound is thus often referred to as "
6205:Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
3256:
2760:
2476:
1851:
1811:
1755:
1680:This sound does not occur in modern Persian.
1657:
1371:
1067:
1043:
1002:
919:
885:
668:
8:
2131:
1410:
1310:
622:
600:
581:
559:
515:
2705:
2703:
2591::96–97, 328–30, 498, 500, 553, 557–58, 635)
2105:
1176:
27:Consonantal sound represented by ⟨θ⟩ in IPA
6227:
6179:
3451:
3297:
3286:
3263:
3249:
3241:
2237:
1931:
292:or dialects, where it is retained only in
3318:Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)
3207:
3197:
3179:
2987:
2937:Marotta, Giovanna; Barth, Marlen (2005),
2771:
2769:
2656:
2600:
2521:Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
1268:
308:in the last of these. Among non-Germanic
3028:Regueira, Xosé Luís (1996), "Galician",
2709:
2628:
2536:Sibilant consonant#Possible combinations
2443:
2036:
2025:
2011:
1740:
1590:
1542:
1506:
1351:
1292:
1205:
987:
456:
5059:
3500:
2749:García Mouton & Molina Martos (2016
2720:
2718:
2680:
2668:
2556:
1870:. Corresponds to in standard Spanish.
152:voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative
18:Voiceless corono-dentoalveolar sibilant
3484:
2775:
2642:harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREF (
2317:
2184:
170:that represents this sound is ⟨
29:
5719:
5418:
5134:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3494:
3489:
3479:
2946:Studi Linguistici e Filologici Online
2588:
2576:
2531:Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant
228:of North Africa, Standard Peninsular
7:
5092:
2724:
240:(in words derived from Arabic), and
6210:Voiceless nasal glottal approximant
5071:
5035:Symbols to the right in a cell are
3104:"Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese"
2919:The Sounds of the World's Languages
2270:. It has no official symbol in the
1311:
886:
623:
601:
582:
560:
5127:
3308:International Phonetic Association
2294:⟩, the diacritic marking a
2286:⟩, the diacritic marking a
1025:Commonly realized as an affricate
182:. The IPA symbol is the lowercase
25:
6802:
6786:
6766:
6753:
6737:
6715:
6695:
6675:
6659:
6646:
6630:
6617:
6601:
6581:
6565:
6552:
6539:
6523:
6503:
6487:
6474:
6458:
6445:
6429:
6409:
6387:
6371:
6351:
6335:
6322:
6306:
6293:
6277:
6137:
6122:
6115:
6095:
6071:
6059:
6052:
6038:
6031:
6005:
5992:
5980:
5973:
5961:
5954:
5942:
5935:
5916:
5902:
5888:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5796:
5785:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5739:
5728:
5697:
5665:
5633:
5606:
5597:
5588:
5577:
5568:
5557:
5535:
5526:
5515:
5506:
5495:
5473:
5464:
5453:
5444:
5433:
5398:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5353:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5156:
5145:
5099:
4979:
4970:
4961:
4954:
4943:
4936:
4900:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4860:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4772:
4765:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4679:
4672:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4601:
4594:
4583:
4576:
4557:
4550:
4532:
4523:
4506:
4499:
4488:
4481:
4470:
4461:
4452:
4436:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4388:
4371:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3834:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3758:
3751:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3623:
3616:
3605:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3559:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
2264:voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant
2188:Voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant
2181:Voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant
6826:
6794:
6774:
6745:
6703:
6667:
6638:
6609:
6573:
6531:
6495:
6466:
6437:
6401:
6379:
6343:
6314:
6285:
6269:
5849:
5085:
5064:
5012:
3361:Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
140:
135:
62:
5106:
3272:International Phonetic Alphabet
3181:10.4067/S0718-93032016000200013
2617:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996
2605:Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996
2272:International Phonetic Alphabet
920:
267:voiceless labiodental fricative
168:International Phonetic Alphabet
6190:Nasal labial–velar approximant
5120:
5078:
3381:IPA chart for English dialects
2826:, Cambridge University Press,
2824:Old French: A Concise Handbook
1:
5113:
3088:, Columbia University Press,
2565:http://phoible.org/parameters
799:), and a few other villages.
174:⟩, and the equivalent
6200:Voiceless bidental fricative
3323:Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)
3192:(in Spanish) (19): 283–296,
2952:(2): 377–413, archived from
2282:⟩ (using the ⟨
2157:Standard dialect of Lungngo
1987:
1963:
1908:
1756:
1411:
1269:
1221:
959:
247:voiceless alveolar fricative
224:, northern varieties of the
3424:Phonetic symbols in Unicode
3102:Watkins, Justin W. (2001),
2541:Pronunciation of English th
1717:
1044:
6929:
3150:Cambridge University Press
2996:Pétursson, Magnus (1971),
1932:
1866:Word-final, especially in
1643:Limited to Vénosc, in the
1389:Intervocalic allophone of
1245:
33:Voiceless dental fricative
6908:Voiceless oral consonants
6728:
6592:
6420:
6263:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6239:
6226:
6195:Nasal palatal approximant
5879:Co-articulated consonants
5779:
5724:
5687:
5655:
5620:
5551:
5489:
5427:
5388:
5340:
5268:
5201:
5139:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5060:
4916:
4838:
4745:
4649:
4544:
4444:
4359:
4186:
4090:
3942:
3844:
3699:
3569:
3463:
3450:
3296:
3285:
3123:10.1017/S0025100301002122
3070:10.1017/S0025100300004266
3042:10.1017/s0025100300006162
2989:10.1017/S0025100303001373
2904:(2nd ed.), Blackwell
2883:10.1017/S0022226700013876
2693:Fig. 11 La zeta bolognese
2546:Index of phonetics topics
2494:Present in dialects with
2446:
2236:
2125:
2099:
2074:
2013:
2001:
1973:
1951:
1925:
1901:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1810:
1800:
1749:
1735:
1684:
1658:
1651:
1599:
1585:
1551:
1537:
1515:
1501:
1478:
1455:
1404:
1326:
1323:
1309:
1301:
1287:
1262:
1238:
1214:
1200:
1177:
1170:
1163:in Western dialects. See
1061:
1037:
1003:
996:
982:
975:'Berber (language)'(noun)
952:
912:
879:
853:
803:
687:
662:
637:
516:
504:
478:
459:
273:); known respectively as
61:
3084:Versteegh, Kees (2001),
5055:Non-pulmonic consonants
4187:Non-sibilant fricative
3943:Non-sibilant affricate
3313:History of the alphabet
3224:List of languages with
2516:Voiced dental fricative
2081:
2052:
1329:Modern Hebrew phonology
1068:
860:
669:
310:Indo-European languages
3371:Sinological extensions
2871:Journal of Linguistics
2526:Voiced dental sibilant
2477:
2406:manner of articulation
2347:manner of articulation
2251:
2132:
2106:
1881:
1852:
1812:
1558:
1372:
1195:Modern Greek phonology
1137:
841:dialects; realized as
644:
485:
391:, termed respectively
362:manner of articulation
3199:10.4000/lapurdum.3375
2922:. Oxford: Blackwell.
2902:Vowels and Consonants
2369:place of articulation
2306:⟩, or ⟨
2250:
381:place of articulation
259:voiceless dental stop
6883:Fricative consonants
4839:Lateral approximant
3168:Boletín de filología
3144:, vol. second,
2822:Einhorn, E. (1974),
2435:, as in most sounds.
2278:⟩ or ⟨
849:in other varieties.
448:, as in most sounds.
6903:Pulmonic consonants
6893:Sibilant consonants
3467:Pulmonic consonants
3086:The Arabic Language
2972:"Castilian Spanish"
2761:Molina Martos (2016
2429:intercostal muscles
2421:airstream mechanism
2070:in other dialects.
1324:'Hebrew' (language)
821:Mostly used in the
442:intercostal muscles
434:airstream mechanism
346:varieties of Arabic
314:Brythonic languages
216:This sound and its
158:sound used in some
6913:Central consonants
5389:Lateral fricative
5039:, to the left are
4746:Lateral fricative
3534:Postalveolar
3519:Linguolabial
3366:Naming conventions
3329:Journal of the IPA
3142:Accents of English
2312:advanced diacritic
2302:⟩, ⟨
2268:Andalusian Spanish
2252:
1165:Galician phonology
793:Bourg-Saint-Pierre
318:Peninsular Spanish
290:Germanic languages
275:th-alveolarization
234:dialects of Arabic
218:voiced counterpart
6888:Dental consonants
6870:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6813:
6812:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6175:
6174:
6000:Uvular–epiglottal
5874:
5873:
5836:
5835:
5051:
5050:
4999:
4998:
4917:Lateral tap/flap
3514:Labiodental
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3376:World Orthography
3014:10.1159/000259344
2507:
2506:
2502:Spanish phonology
2433:abdominal muscles
2288:laminal consonant
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2178:
2177:
1831:Spanish phonology
1829:Interdental. See
1622:Ariège department
1395:Italian phonology
1122:English phonology
1063:Emiliano-Romagnol
446:abdominal muscles
427:central consonant
211:dental consonants
148:
147:
83:
67:
16:(Redirected from
6920:
6854:
6830:
6807:
6806:
6798:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6778:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6758:
6757:
6749:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6720:
6719:
6707:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6680:
6679:
6671:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6651:
6650:
6642:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6622:
6621:
6613:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6586:
6585:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6557:
6556:
6544:
6543:
6535:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6479:
6478:
6470:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6450:
6449:
6441:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6414:
6413:
6405:
6404:
6392:
6391:
6383:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6356:
6355:
6347:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6327:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6298:
6297:
6289:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6242:
6228:
6180:
6141:
6126:
6119:
6099:
6075:
6063:
6056:
6042:
6035:
6009:
5996:
5984:
5977:
5968:Labial–retroflex
5965:
5958:
5946:
5939:
5920:
5910:Labial–retroflex
5906:
5892:
5853:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5800:
5789:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5743:
5732:
5703:
5671:
5639:
5610:
5603:
5594:
5583:
5574:
5563:
5541:
5532:
5521:
5512:
5501:
5479:
5470:
5459:
5450:
5439:
5425:bottom: uvular)
5402:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5357:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5160:
5149:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5058:
5046:
5016:
4983:
4974:
4965:
4958:
4947:
4940:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4864:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4776:
4769:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4683:
4676:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4605:
4598:
4587:
4580:
4561:
4554:
4536:
4527:
4510:
4503:
4492:
4485:
4474:
4465:
4456:
4440:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4392:
4375:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3838:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3762:
3755:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3627:
3620:
3609:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3471:
3452:
3298:
3287:
3280:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3184:
3183:
3162:
3133:
3108:
3098:
3080:
3052:
3024:
2992:
2991:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2943:
2933:
2910:Ladefoged, Peter
2905:
2898:Ladefoged, Peter
2893:
2865:
2836:
2818:
2779:
2773:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2713:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2486:
2444:
2379:and upper teeth.
2332:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:dental consonant
2293:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2238:
2232:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2140:
2114:
2088:
2069:
2058:
2048:Eastern dialects
1993:
1969:
1940:
1939:
1914:
1889:
1858:
1821:
1763:
1724:
1665:
1664:
1645:Isère department
1568:
1422:
1392:
1381:
1319:
1318:
1276:
1251:
1250:
1227:
1185:
1184:
1162:
1154:
1143:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1075:
1050:
1032:
1008:
1007:
970:
945:
944:
943:
942:
932:
931:
889:
888:
868:
848:
786:
762:
734:
702:
676:
651:
631:'the second one'
626:
625:
604:
603:
585:
584:
563:
562:
549:Arabic phonology
546:
533:
532:
531:
530:
521:
520:
493:
457:
272:
264:
252:
226:Berber languages
181:
173:
160:spoken languages
144:
139:
125:
110:
102:
97:
78:
71:
69:
68:
42:
41:
30:
21:
6928:
6927:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6917:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6862:
6852:
6851:unrounded
6847:
6809:
6808:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6792:
6785:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6765:
6760:
6759:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6736:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6694:
6682:
6681:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6658:
6653:
6652:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6600:
6588:
6587:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6546:
6545:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6522:
6510:
6509:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6428:
6416:
6415:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6370:
6358:
6357:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6276:
6270:
6235:
6214:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6144:Labial–alveolar
6142:
6135:
6130:
6127:
6120:
6112:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6057:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6036:
6028:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6002:
5997:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5978:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5959:
5951:
5950:
5949:Labial–alveolar
5947:
5940:
5932:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5896:Labial–alveolar
5893:
5885:
5875:
5870:
5700:
5668:
5656:Voiced lateral
5636:
5611:
5600:
5591:
5580:
5571:
5560:
5538:
5529:
5518:
5509:
5498:
5476:
5467:
5456:
5447:
5436:
5424:
5422:
5044:
5033:
3539:Retroflex
3459:
3438:
3397:ASCII encodings
3385:
3339:
3292:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3220:
3215:
3187:
3165:
3160:
3136:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3083:
3055:
3027:
2995:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2908:
2896:
2868:
2839:
2834:
2821:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2657:Versteegh (2001
2655:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2601:Pétursson (1971
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2512:
2442:
2382:It is normally
2339:
2230:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2183:
2066:Corresponds to
1579:Malay phonology
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
939:
938:
937:
936:
906:sacred language
780:
756:
728:
696:
540:
539:Represented by
527:
526:
525:
524:
511:Modern Standard
455:
354:
179:
123:
108:
100:
95:
84:
76:
63:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6926:
6924:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6875:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6858:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6824:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6800:
6793:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6773:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6751:
6744:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6702:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6673:
6666:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6644:
6637:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6615:
6608:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6579:
6572:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6537:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6501:
6494:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6472:
6465:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6443:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6418:
6417:
6407:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6385:
6378:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6349:
6342:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6320:
6313:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6291:
6284:
6275:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6087:
6077:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6050:
6046:Labial–palatal
6044:
6037:
6030:
6029:
6020:
6019:
6011:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5922:
5915:
5914:
5908:
5901:
5900:
5894:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5847:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5801:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5744:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5726:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5688:Nasal lateral
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5604:
5595:
5586:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5564:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5533:
5524:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5502:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5471:
5462:
5460:
5451:
5442:
5440:
5431:
5426:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5161:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5010:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4977:
4975:
4968:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4898:
4896:
4889:
4887:
4880:
4878:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4530:
4528:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4468:
4466:
4459:
4457:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4415:
4408:
4406:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3832:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3603:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:Bilabial
3506:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3344:Special topics
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3219:
3218:External links
3216:
3214:
3213:
3185:
3174:(2): 347–367,
3170:(in Spanish),
3163:
3158:
3134:
3117:(2): 291–295,
3099:
3095:978-0748614363
3094:
3081:
3053:
3036:(2): 119–122,
3025:
3008:(4): 203–216,
2993:
2982:(2): 255–259,
2967:
2934:
2928:
2914:Maddieson, Ian
2906:
2894:
2877:(2): 233–250,
2866:
2854:10.2307/475860
2837:
2832:
2819:
2808:10.2307/340806
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2729:
2714:
2710:Regueira (1996
2699:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2633:
2629:Thelwall (1990
2621:
2609:
2603::?), cited in
2593:
2581:
2569:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2417:
2402:
2399:oral consonant
2395:
2387:
2380:
2377:alveolar ridge
2373:denti-alveolar
2365:
2338:
2335:
2290:, and ⟨
2258:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:'(male) child'
1615:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1387:
1386:'the captains'
1384:
1382:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
988:
986:
980:
979:
976:
973:
971:
956:
950:
949:
946:
934:
916:
910:
909:
902:
899:
897:
883:
877:
876:
874:
871:
869:
857:
851:
850:
819:
816:
814:
807:
801:
800:
774:
771:
769:
763:
750:
749:
747:
744:
742:
735:
722:
721:
719:
716:
714:
707:
691:
685:
684:
682:
679:
677:
666:
660:
659:
657:
654:
652:
641:
635:
634:
632:
629:
627:
620:
613:
612:
610:
607:
605:
598:
594:
593:
591:
590:'it is priced'
588:
586:
579:
572:
571:
569:
566:
564:
557:
553:
552:
537:
534:
522:
513:
508:
502:
501:
499:
496:
494:
482:
476:
475:
472:
469:
464:
461:
454:
451:
450:
449:
430:
423:
420:oral consonant
416:
408:
405:denti-alveolar
377:
353:
350:
146:
145:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
86:
85:
70:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6925:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6857:
6856:
6855: rounded
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6805:
6789:
6782:
6769:
6762:
6756:
6740:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6718:
6711:
6698:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6662:
6655:
6649:
6633:
6626:
6620:
6604:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6584:
6568:
6561:
6555:
6548:
6542:
6526:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6506:
6490:
6483:
6477:
6461:
6454:
6448:
6432:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6398:
6396:
6390:
6374:
6367:
6365:
6361:
6354:
6338:
6331:
6325:
6309:
6302:
6296:
6280:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6234:
6229:
6225:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6140:
6134:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6098:
6090:
6083:
6081:
6074:
6062:
6055:
6047:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6023:
6014:
6013:Labial–uvular
6008:
6001:
5995:
5983:
5976:
5964:
5957:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5911:
5905:
5897:
5891:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5056:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
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3998:
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3356:Case variants
3354:
3352:
3351:Cursive forms
3349:
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3200:
3195:
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3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3159:0-521-24224-X
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:Wells, John C
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2959:on 2021-02-25
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2929:0-631-19815-6
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
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2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2833:0-521-09838-6
2829:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2809:
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2801:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2789:
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2777:
2772:
2770:
2766:
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2757:
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2730:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:Watkins (2001
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:Watkins (2001
2665:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2579::565–66, 635)
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
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2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:Dalbor (1980)
2315:
2313:
2297:
2289:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2235:
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2223:
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2209:
2200:
2191:
2186:
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2173:
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2038:
2034:
2031:
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2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2004:
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1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
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1971:
1968:
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1954:
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1947:
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1924:
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1916:
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1906:
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1873:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1848:
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1820:
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1799:
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1779:
1777:
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1700:
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1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:Vivaro-Alpine
1628:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:Lorediakarkar
1536:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
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1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:'light'(noun)
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:Tuscan gorgia
1396:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1306:
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1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
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1278:
1275:
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1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:Most dialects
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:Most dialects
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
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1049:
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1042:
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1036:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
963:
957:
955:
951:
947:
941:
935:
933:
930:
926:
925:
917:
915:
911:
907:
904:Ancient dead
903:
900:
898:
896:
894:
887:𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀
884:
882:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
858:
856:
852:
846:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
779:
775:
772:
770:
767:
764:
760:
755:
752:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
723:
720:
717:
715:
712:
708:
706:
700:
695:
692:
690:
686:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
667:
665:
661:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
642:
640:
636:
633:
630:
628:
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
606:
599:
596:
595:
592:
589:
587:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
558:
556:Eastern Libya
555:
554:
550:
544:
538:
535:
529:
523:
519:
514:
512:
509:
507:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
483:
481:
477:
473:
470:
468:
465:
462:
458:
452:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
357:
351:
349:
347:
343:
340:dialects and
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
268:
260:
256:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:is a type of
153:
143:
138:
134:
132:
128:
122:
120:
116:
112:
105:
99:
92:
87:
82:
74:
60:
55:
51:
49:
45:
36:
31:
19:
6848:
6129:Labial–velar
6079:
6066:Labial–velar
5987:Labial–velar
5924:Labial–velar
5877:
5423:(top: velar;
5054:
5034:
4233:
3465:
3332:
3328:
3209:10261/265245
3189:
3171:
3167:
3141:
3114:
3110:
3085:
3064:(2): 37–41,
3061:
3057:
3033:
3029:
3005:
3001:
2979:
2975:
2961:, retrieved
2954:the original
2949:
2945:
2918:
2901:
2874:
2870:
2845:
2841:
2823:
2799:
2793:
2776:Dalbor (1980
2756:
2744:
2732:
2696:(in Italian)
2688:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2559:
2495:
2480:
2340:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2263:
2261:
2162:
2160:
2134:
2109:
2083:
2053:
2003:Upland Yuman
1988:
1964:
1935:
1909:
1883:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1815:
1786:
1758:
1719:
1692:
1690:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1632:
1609:
1563:
1559:
1522:
1521:
1486:
1484:
1463:
1461:
1417:
1413:
1375:
1314:
1271:
1246:
1222:
1179:
1151:Merges with
1138:
1097:
1095:
1070:
1046:
1012:
1011:
965:
961:
928:
923:
918:
892:
890:
862:
810:
765:
738:
726:Fribourgeois
710:
671:
646:
487:
398:
392:
355:
304:, but it is
287:
215:
200:
195:
163:
151:
149:
57:Audio sample
6091:approximant
6026:approximant
4361:Approximant
3434:IPA Braille
3412:Kirshenbaum
3226:[θ]
2589:Wells (1982
2577:Wells (1982
1653:Old Persian
781: [
776:Limited to
757: [
729: [
697: [
283:th-fronting
279:th-stopping
203:interdental
156:consonantal
6898:English th
6877:Categories
6838:full chart
6364:Near-close
6162:full chart
6084:(variable)
5861:full chart
5344:affricate
5024:full chart
4653:affricate
3457:Consonants
3429:IPA number
3291:IPA topics
2963:2008-11-15
2785:References
2725:Hall (1944
2472:Andalusian
2440:Occurrence
2414:turbulence
2362:turbulence
2310:⟩ (
2145:'language'
1509:'to laugh'
1240:Halkomelem
453:Occurrence
370:turbulence
255:Indonesian
232:, various
178:symbol is
101:θ
48:IPA Number
6688:Near-open
6422:Close-mid
6110:Implosive
6103:Velarized
6022:Fricative
5781:Voiceless
5721:Implosive
5270:Fricative
5203:Affricate
5041:voiceless
4093:fricative
4091:Sibilant
3849:affricate
3496:Laryngeal
3390:Encodings
3146:Cambridge
3131:232344700
3078:243640727
3050:241094214
3022:145316121
3002:Phonetica
2891:145672742
2763::347–367)
2751::283–296)
2712::119–120)
2671::291–292)
2619::144–145)
2410:fricative
2397:It is an
2391:phonation
2354:fricative
2322:s coronal
2008:Havasupai
1903:Tanacross
1847:Castilian
1826:'to hunt'
1737:Shark Bay
1709:Sardinian
1573:'Tuesday'
948:'friend'
901:'kingdom'
831:Tel Keppe
639:Aragonese
617:Khuzestan
536:'a dress'
418:It is an
412:phonation
366:fricative
302:Icelandic
253:) (as in
96:(decimal)
6849:Legend:
6843:template
6822:IPA help
6594:Open-mid
6167:template
6157:IPA help
6133:Ejective
6105:alveolar
5866:template
5845:IPA help
5136:Ejective
5029:template
5008:IPA help
4446:Tap/flap
3846:Sibilant
3529:Alveolar
3190:Lapurdum
3140:(1982),
2916:(1996).
2900:(2005),
2795:Hispania
2510:See also
2447:Language
2425:pulmonic
2351:sibilant
2337:Features
2220:Encoding
2093:'flower'
2076:Wolaytta
2044:Venetian
2022:Hualapai
1982:Southern
1958:Northern
1953:Tutchone
1919:'embers'
1807:European
1659:𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹
1480:Kickapoo
1349:Basadung
1336:Yemenite
1281:'I want'
1216:Gwich’in
1129:Galician
990:'to eat'
855:Asturian
805:Assyrian
778:l'Étivaz
754:Valaisan
718:'market'
705:Savoyard
624:الثانْية
583:يِثَمَّن
545:⟩
541:⟨
480:Albanian
460:Language
438:pulmonic
425:It is a
374:sibilant
352:Features
334:Albanian
326:Venetian
322:Galician
306:alveolar
265:), or a
107:Unicode
89:Encoding
6853:•
6253:Central
6089:Lateral
5930:Plosive
5725:Voiced
5623:lateral
5621:Tenuis
5612:
5342:Lateral
4651:Lateral
3701:Plosive
3564:Glottal
3544:Palatal
3486:Coronal
3407:X-SAMPA
3231:PHOIBLE
2842:Italica
2491:'house'
2467:Spanish
2458:Meaning
2394:sounds.
2384:laminal
2326:s plana
2308:s̟
2226:X-SAMPA
2171:'I go'
2119:'seven'
2033:Yavapai
1974:'pants'
1894:'value'
1876:Swahili
1802:Spanish
1768:'three'
1751:Shawnee
1713:Nuorese
1701:'eight'
1686:Saanich
1601:Occitan
1517:Leonese
1495:'three'
1449:'three'
1362:Italian
1289:Harsusi
1232:'pants'
1088:English
1055:'eight'
1039:Cornish
1022:'three'
998:Burmese
914:Bashkir
881:Avestan
873:'juice'
835:Batnaya
827:Barwari
823:Western
818:'house'
809:ܒܝܬܐ bè
694:Genevan
689:Arpitan
664:Arapaho
609:'eight'
602:ثمانْية
578:, Yemen
568:'three'
471:Meaning
415:sounds.
400:laminal
338:Occitan
336:, some
298:English
238:Swahili
230:Spanish
222:English
186:letter
176:X-SAMPA
131:Braille
119:X-SAMPA
94:Entity
6831:
6233:Vowels
6082:-sound
5854:
5491:Voiced
5429:Tenuis
5037:voiced
5017:
4008:t̠ɹ̠̊˔
3554:Uvular
3524:Dental
3503:Manner
3491:Dorsal
3481:Labial
3156:
3129:
3092:
3076:
3048:
3020:
2926:
2889:
2862:475860
2860:
2830:
2816:340806
2814:
2640:]:224)
2500:. See
2461:Notes
2358:groove
2241:Image
2153:Zotung
2127:Zhuang
2063:'five'
2014:'five'
1945:'nine'
1868:Madrid
1863:'wall'
1794:'four'
1781:Nakoda
1743:'four'
1729:'meat'
1677:'king'
1605:Gascon
1593:'five'
1545:'four'
1531:'zero'
1406:Kabyle
1393:. See
1374:i capi
1367:Tuscan
1303:Hebrew
1256:'tree'
1182:άλασσα
1148:'zero'
1117:'thin'
1080:'face'
954:Berber
839:Alqosh
746:'star'
681:'five'
656:'bush'
619:, Iran
561:ثِلاثة
547:. See
506:Arabic
498:'says'
474:Notes
394:apical
385:dental
330:Tuscan
300:, and
281:, and
113:U+03B8
77:·
75:
73:source
6833:audio
6265:Close
6248:Front
6183:Other
6117:ɠ̊͜ɓ̥
5883:Nasal
5856:audio
5553:Nasal
5420:Click
5019:audio
4546:Trill
4015:d̠ɹ̠˔
3571:Nasal
3549:Velar
3475:Place
3402:SAMPA
3277:chart
3127:S2CID
3107:(PDF)
3074:S2CID
3046:S2CID
3018:S2CID
2957:(PDF)
2942:(PDF)
2887:S2CID
2858:JSTOR
2812:JSTOR
2739::255)
2683::292)
2659::159)
2607::145)
2552:Notes
2497:ceceo
2231:s_m_d
2101:Welsh
2056:inque
1934:உஇனபஒ
1886:amini
1836:Seseo
1776:Sioux
1667:xšāya
1640:'dog'
1587:Massa
1553:Malay
1503:Kwama
1472:'one'
1457:Karuk
1435:Karen
1354:'one'
1307:Iraqi
1295:'two'
1208:'eye'
1202:Gweno
1190:'sea'
1172:Greek
1161:]
1157:[
1155:into
1031:]
1027:[
984:Berta
964:maziɣ
865:usmiu
847:]
843:[
785:]
773:'key'
761:]
733:]
701:]
576:Sanaa
518:ثَوْب
389:teeth
342:Greek
294:Scots
242:Greek
207:teeth
196:theta
192:Greek
188:theta
184:Greek
164:think
109:(hex)
79:
6730:Open
6258:Back
6139:t͡pʼ
5380:q𝼄ʼ
5373:k𝼄ʼ
5366:c𝼆ʼ
5232:t̠ʃʼ
5218:t̪θʼ
5211:p̪fʼ
5141:Stop
4596:ɽ̊r̥
4262:ɹ̠̊˔
3994:tɹ̝̊
3419:TIPA
3333:JIPA
3154:ISBN
3090:ISBN
2924:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2727::75)
2644:help
2631::37)
2450:Word
2431:and
2419:Its
2404:Its
2389:Its
2367:Its
2345:Its
2262:The
2165:iade
2084:thth
1927:Toda
1853:pare
1833:and
1663:𐎡𐎹
1612:ipon
1439:Sgaw
1397:and
1345:Hlai
1327:See
1313:עברי
1193:See
1120:See
1029:t̪͡θ
1005:သုံး
927:/ du
837:and
703:and
645:arbu
597:Iraq
463:Word
444:and
432:Its
410:Its
397:and
379:Its
360:Its
150:The
81:help
6516:Mid
6124:ɠ͡ɓ
6007:q͡p
5994:q͡ʡ
5982:ɡ͡b
5975:k͡p
5963:ɖ͡b
5956:ʈ͡p
5944:d͡b
5937:t͡p
5918:ŋ͡m
5904:ɳ͡m
5890:n͡m
5592:ɴ𝼊
5590:ŋ𝼊
5530:ɢ𝼊
5528:ɡ𝼊
5468:q𝼊
5466:k𝼊
5355:tɬʼ
5260:qχʼ
5253:kxʼ
5246:tɕʼ
5239:tʂʼ
5225:tsʼ
4956:𝼈̥
4727:ɡʟ̝
4720:k𝼄
4713:ɟʎ̝
4706:c𝼆
4699:d𝼅
4276:ɻ̊˔
4269:ɹ̠˔
4001:dɹ̝
3987:d̪ð
3980:t̪θ
3969:b̪v
3962:p̪f
3892:d̠ʒ
3885:t̠ʃ
3301:IPA
3229:on
3204:hdl
3194:doi
3176:doi
3119:doi
3066:doi
3038:doi
3010:doi
2984:doi
2879:doi
2850:doi
2804:doi
2778::9)
2454:IPA
2423:is
2408:is
2371:is
2349:is
2331:/θ/
2324:or
2314:).
2304:θˢ̣
2280:s̪̻
2276:s̻̪
2204:s̪̻
2195:s̻̪
2108:sai
2082:shi
2068:/s/
1912:iit
1785:ktu
1671:iya
1562:ela
1525:eru
1416:afa
1391:/t/
1378:ani
1270:nih
1264:Hän
1249:qet
1153:/s/
1141:ero
1015:on:
891:xša
791:),
766:cll
741:êla
709:mar
670:yoo
490:otë
467:IPA
436:is
383:is
364:is
271:/f/
263:/t/
257:),
251:/s/
198:".
52:130
6879::
6583:o̞
6567:ɤ̞
6541:ø̞
6525:e̞
6080:Sj
6033:ɥ̊
5828:ʛ̥
5821:ɠ̊
5814:ʄ̊
5807:ᶑ̊
5798:ɗ̥
5787:ɓ̥
5701:ɴǁ
5699:ŋǁ
5669:ɢǁ
5667:ɡǁ
5637:qǁ
5635:kǁ
5601:ɴǂ
5599:ŋǂ
5581:ɴǃ
5579:ŋǃ
5572:ɴǀ
5570:ŋǀ
5561:ɴʘ
5559:ŋʘ
5539:ɢǂ
5537:ɡǂ
5519:ɢǃ
5517:ɡǃ
5510:ɢǀ
5508:ɡǀ
5499:ɢʘ
5497:ɡʘ
5477:qǂ
5475:kǂ
5457:qǃ
5455:kǃ
5448:qǀ
5446:kǀ
5437:qʘ
5435:kʘ
5400:ɬʼ
5332:χʼ
5325:xʼ
5318:ɕʼ
5311:ʂʼ
5304:ʃʼ
5297:sʼ
5290:θʼ
5283:fʼ
5276:ɸʼ
5195:ʡʼ
5188:qʼ
5181:kʼ
5174:cʼ
5167:ʈʼ
5158:tʼ
5147:pʼ
5128:EG
5100:RF
5093:PA
5072:LD
5065:BL
5043:.
4981:ʟ̆
4972:ʎ̆
4963:𝼈
4938:ɺ̥
4902:ʟ̠
4820:ʟ̝
4813:𝼄
4806:ʎ̝
4799:𝼆
4792:𝼅
4692:tꞎ
4681:dɮ
4674:tɬ
4618:ʀ̥
4603:ɽr
4578:r̥
4552:ʙ̥
4534:ʡ̆
4525:ɢ̆
4501:ɽ̊
4483:ɾ̥
4472:ɾ̼
4454:ⱱ̟
4438:ʔ̞
4283:ɻ˔
4255:ð̠
4248:θ̠
4227:ð̼
4220:θ̼
4082:ʔh
4075:ʡʢ
4068:ʡʜ
4061:ɢʁ
4054:qχ
4047:ɡɣ
4040:kx
4033:ɟʝ
4026:cç
3955:bβ
3948:pɸ
3920:dʑ
3913:tɕ
3906:dʐ
3899:tʂ
3878:dz
3871:ts
3742:d̼
3735:t̼
3728:b̪
3721:p̪
3678:ɴ̥
3664:ŋ̊
3650:ɲ̊
3636:ɳ̊
3618:n̥
3607:n̼
3591:ɱ̊
3577:m̥
3505:↓
3477:→
3202:,
3172:51
3152:,
3148::
3125:,
3115:31
3113:,
3109:,
3072:,
3062:20
3060:,
3044:,
3034:26
3032:,
3016:,
3006:33
3004:,
3000:,
2980:33
2978:,
2974:,
2948:,
2944:,
2912:;
2885:,
2875:20
2873:,
2856:.
2846:21
2844:.
2810:,
2800:63
2798:,
2768:^
2717:^
2702:^
2479:ca
2300:s̄
2292:◌̪
2284:◌̻
2213:s̟
2163:cc
2161:ka
2137:aw
2110:th
1989:th
1965:th
1910:th
1884:th
1818:ar
1814:ca
1761:wi
1759:th
1720:th
1718:pe
1695:ES
1691:TÁ
1661:𐎰
1647:.
1635:in
1633:ch
1624:.
1608:ma
1581:.
1489:wi
1485:ne
1462:yi
1443:သၢ
1274:än
1272:th
1225:ał
1223:th
1100:in
1098:th
1069:fâ
1047:th
1033:.
1013:th
1009:/
922:ду
908:.
895:ra
833:,
829:,
825:,
797:VS
789:VD
783:fr
768:âf
759:fr
739:th
731:fr
713:iê
711:ch
699:fr
674:on
551:.
488:th
332:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
296:,
285:.
277:,
236:,
213:.
6804:ɒ
6788:ɑ
6768:ä
6755:ɶ
6739:a
6717:ɐ
6697:æ
6677:ɔ
6661:ʌ
6648:ɞ
6632:ɜ
6619:œ
6603:ɛ
6554:ə
6505:o
6489:ɤ
6476:ɵ
6460:ɘ
6447:ø
6431:e
6411:ʊ
6389:ʏ
6373:ɪ
6353:u
6337:ɯ
6324:ʉ
6308:ɨ
6295:y
6279:i
6097:ɫ
6073:ɧ
6061:w
6054:ʍ
6040:ɥ
6024:/
5771:ʛ
5764:ɠ
5757:ʄ
5750:ᶑ
5741:ɗ
5730:ɓ
5608:ʞ
5121:U
5114:V
5107:P
5086:A
5079:D
4945:ɺ
4893:ʟ
4884:ʎ
4875:ɭ
4862:l
4785:ꞎ
4774:ɮ
4767:ɬ
4639:ʢ
4632:ʜ
4625:ʀ
4585:r
4559:ʙ
4508:ɽ
4490:ɾ
4463:ⱱ
4421:ɰ
4412:j
4403:ɻ
4390:ɹ
4373:ʋ
4353:ɦ
4346:h
4339:ʕ
4332:ħ
4325:ʁ
4318:χ
4311:ɣ
4304:x
4297:ʝ
4290:ç
4241:ð
4234:θ
4213:v
4206:f
4199:β
4192:ɸ
4164:ʑ
4157:ɕ
4150:ʐ
4143:ʂ
4136:ʒ
4129:ʃ
4122:z
4115:s
3836:ʔ
3827:ʡ
3820:ɢ
3813:q
3806:ɡ
3799:k
3792:ɟ
3785:c
3778:ɖ
3771:ʈ
3760:d
3753:t
3714:b
3707:p
3685:ɴ
3671:ŋ
3657:ɲ
3643:ɳ
3625:n
3598:ɱ
3584:m
3335:)
3331:(
3279:)
3275:(
3264:e
3257:t
3250:v
3206::
3196::
3178::
3121::
3068::
3040::
3012::
2986::
2950:3
2932:.
2881::
2864:.
2852::
2806::
2646:)
2567:.
2483:a
2481:s
2416:.
2364:.
2135:s
2086:a
2054:ç
1991:ü
1967:o
1936:த
1855:d
1816:z
1789:a
1787:s
1757:n
1722:a
1693:Ŧ
1669:θ
1610:c
1566:a
1564:s
1560:S
1523:c
1487:θ
1466:a
1464:θ
1418:ṯ
1414:ṯ
1376:t
1315:ת
1247:θ
1180:θ
1159:s
1139:c
1073:a
1071:z
1045:e
966:ṯ
962:Ṯ
929:θ
924:ҫ
893:θ
863:z
845:t
813:a
811:ṭ
795:(
787:(
737:è
672:3
649:o
647:z
543:ث
407:.
376:.
269:(
261:(
249:(
180:T
172:θ
124:T
40:θ
20:)
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