313:
battalions and mounted regiments. A school of military instruction was also established, but was poorly attended, with only six students in 1886 and 1887. Despite
Whitmore's innovations, by the late 1880s the Volunteer Force was perceived as being excessive in size and too expensive. New Zealand was in the midst of an economic depression and in 1887 the Government invited Major General Henry Schaw to review the colony's defence, with a focus on reducing expenditure as much as possible. Schaw determined that as the MÄori were no longer a threat, internal defence was unnecessary and efforts should be focused on costal protection. Rural based Volunteers were of little value and only corps based in the four main harbours (Auckland, Wellington, Lyttleton and Dunedin), and to a lesser extent some of the smaller ports, were needed to repel potential landing forces. Shaws report was accepted in 1888 and saw a halving of the size of the Volunteer Force. Whitmore resigned without replacement and his school and battalion organisations were disbanded.
196:
the militia. Each corps could define its own rules concerning civil affairs, financial matters, the admission of members and could even elect their own officers. Membership of the volunteers was open, unlike the militia, to MÄori and the only restraint on membership was that officers be
British subjects. Basic equipment was provided by the government, although uniforms had to be provided privately, either by the volunteers themselves or at cost to the unit. Volunteers were also not paid, except for when they went on "actual service" (i.e. service during a conflict), but corps did receive an annual allowance based on the size of its membership. The government did, however, provide a major incentive to volunteers with the passing of the Volunteer Land Act 1865. Under the scheme, volunteers became qualified for a remission from the price of any land purchased from the crown. The remission was valued at Ā£30 after a total of five years service, but a further Ā£5 could also be acquired for ever six months of active service.
296:, was commission to report on the Defences of New Zealand in 1880. His report suggested the installation of various costal guns, torpedo batteries and mine installations. Scratchley was also critical of the organisation of the Volunteer forces describing it as "fatal to military efficiency". He proposed the formation of larger naval brigades to man the costal fortifications and the implementation of a more rigorous training regime. A further review of the volunteer system in 1882 suggested disbanding the current force and reforming it with substantial changes. Military districts should be reduced in size and corps formed into larger administrative regiments. The report also advised removing the provision that officers be elected, providing stricter rules on the process of promotion and establishing an officer training school. The report, however, proved to be politically unpopular and was not implemented.
350:
field training away from the drill hall. Fox was also critical of the shortage and poor quality of weapons, equipment and uniforms. Fox proposed large scale disbandment of inefficient corps, and the dismissal of around a quarter of the officers, who he considered "indifferent or bad". Although Fox was open to the idea of election of officers, he argued that officer candidates should be subject to a rigorous examination procedure to ensure quality. Most of this advice was not implemented, although in 1895 the government did implement some of the suggested higher level reorganisation. The 14 military districts were reduced to five (Auckland, Wellington, Canterbury, Otago and Nelson-Westland) and the corps were once again organised into administrative battalions and regiments.
402:. Kitchener toured New Zealand in early 1910, but only suggested minor changes to the proposed act. The Territorial Force came into being on 28 February 1910 and brought an end to the Volunteer Force. In 1911 the battalions were redesignated as regiments and the identities of the old individual volunteer corps were superseded by a regimental one. The seniority of the new regiments was determined by the most senior volunteer corps within the regiment. Only the reenlistment dates under the 1865 Volunteer Force Act were considered and this was meet with discontent by some units which claimed to have a longer lineage.
430:
454:
26:
442:
490:
208:
478:
514:
502:
322:
466:
68:
374:
50:
169:
192:
to the date of reenlistment. In 1864 the New
Zealand government adopted a self reliance policy which was intended to put more dependence on local militia and friendly MÄori. Correspondingly, the Imperial Regiments began to withdraw from New Zealand in 1866, with the last regiment leaving in 1870. As part of this policy the government introduced the Volunteer Force Act 1865.
116:. The force provided the bulk of New Zealand's defence during the late nineteenth century and was made up of small independent corps of less than 100 men. Throughout its entire existence, the Volunteer Force was criticised for being untrained, disorganised and poorly led, with units often prioritising
191:
In 1862, new regulations introduced required all volunteer units to disband and, if willing, reenlist. The requirement to disband was met with indignation and meant the loss of units records of service. Although many units reenlisted, there was a drop in volunteer numbers and unit seniority was reset
164:
The militia proved to be unpopular for the settlers due to the economic dislocation caused when it was called out. Militiamen were also dissatisfied with the men appointed as officers and by the poor pay. Even the government was unhappy with the system as it struggled to cover the cost of maintaining
160:
with the power to raise a militia from local settlers in times of need. When activated, the
Militia would consist of all non-MÄori, male British subjects between the ages of 18 and 60. The Militia could only be utilised within 25 miles of their local police station and were intended to supplement the
393:
agreed that in the event of war New
Zealand would provide an expeditionary force of units organised along the same lines as the British Army. The Volunteer Force was not compatible with this commitment and upon Ward's return to New Zealand, the Defence Act 1909 was presented to parliament and passed
312:
was promoted to major general (the first New
Zealand officer to hold the rank) and appointed commandant of the New Zealand Defence Forces. Whitmore introduced a higher level organisation of Volunteer Force and, between 1885 and 1887, grouped the individual corps together into administrative infantry
199:
Both the unit allowance and the land price remission was reliant on volunteers being "efficient" (i.e. suitably trained and able to perform their duties). Training of the volunteers, however, was irregular with no explicit guidelines. The corps commander set the standards for what constituted being
195:
The
Volunteer Force Act 1865 established the Volunteer Force and laid out a system which would largely survive until 1910. As was done in 1862, the volunteer corps were once again required to disband and reenlist under the new regulations. The volunteers had a large degree of freedom in contrast to
349:
was the only corps in an effective state and "which possesses any knowledge of the cavalry work which is in reality essential". The drill and instruction provided to volunteers was out of date and instructors were overworked. Volunteers required more training and in particular needed to experience
203:
The 1865 Act was also the first time that a volunteer corps was explicitly defined. A corps was to consist of either: a troop or company of artillery, a troop of cavalry, a company of engineers, a Rifle
Company, a company of Naval Volunteers or a Fire Brigade. Each corps was required to maintain a
529:
The size of the
Volunteer Force varied greatly throughout its existence, both due to the growth of the colony and due to historical events. It experienced large periods of growth during the New Zealand wars in the 1860s, the Russian scares of the 1880s, and during the Second Boer War in the early
248:
The
Volunteer Force was relatively inactive during the 1870s and was only occasionally utilised for civil matters such as dealing with public disorder, fighting fires and providing a lifeboat service. In 1881, however, a force of 1600 volunteers and armed constabulary were called up to arrest
165:
the Militia when it was called out. The Militia Act 1845 was replaced by the Militia act 1858, which was largely identical but now provided a provision to raise units of volunteers. Unlike the Militia, however, the volunteers could be called on to fight anywhere in New Zealand.
397:
The Defence Act 1909 reorganised the country into four military districts, each with, among other support units, three mounted rifle regiments, four Infantry battalions and a brigade of artillery. Implementation of the new act was postponed until a review was complete by
307:
required Britain to support Afghanistan in the event of aggression by a foreign power and it looked like Britain might go to war with Russia. Although Britain did not honour the treaty, the resulting Russian scare led to renewed concern over the colonies defence.
410:
Volunteer corps were required to provide their own uniform and were generally able to define the pattern worn, at least within the styles of uniforms worn by the British Army of that period. Some units adopted the uniforms of British Units such as the
204:
minimum membership or face being disbanded, likewise an upper limit on size was also applied. The exact size requirements varied through the existence of the Volunteer Force, but corps were generally constrained to be between around 40 to 100 men.
200:
efficient in their corps, even though they might not themselves be competent to make such a decision. The problem was troubled further by the fact that, as an elected role, the commanders position was reliant on their popularity with the men.
272:(cask of whisky) had sailed into Auckland harbour and seized gold and hostages. The report was a hoax, but added to a growing fear of war with Russia. A more substantial "Russian scare" occurred in 1878 when Britain nearly went to war with
215:
Throughout the late 1860s Volunteer units were called out to garrison forts and support British Army units during conflict with MÄori. The Taranaki Rifles were involved in a number of actions during the
1909:
1919:
1914:
240:, and the Patea Yeomanry Cavalry were defeated at Te Ngutu o Te Manu. The inexperienced volunteers of the Wellington Rifles did not perform well, some of whom fled from the battle in panic.
345:
was asked to report on the state of the volunteer force. Fox's report was published in 1893 and was condemning of the Volunteer Force. Of the 133 corps inspected, Fox considered that the
261:
to land confiscations by the New Zealand Government. The volunteers and armed constabulary arrested Te Whiti, destroyed the village and dispersed much of its population.
412:
237:
1924:
362:
489:
453:
389:
was being increasingly raised and the quality of the volunteer force was, as in the past, under scrutiny. At the Imperial Defence Conference of 1909, Prime Minister
1854:
429:
441:
386:
1412:
1756:
1513:
1713:
1638:
1607:
477:
1831:
Marching Onward: A History of the 2nd Battalion (Canterbury, Nelson, Marlborough, West Coast) Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment, 1845 - 1992
513:
399:
281:
501:
1545:
1379:
1325:
1354:
1808:
1484:
1448:
1183:
1684:
1271:
1246:
346:
326:
1751:
1708:
1689:
1633:
1602:
354:
334:
156:
were stationed in New Zealand and provided the primary source of protection to European settlers. The militia act 1845 provided the
1575:
157:
120:
over actual military training. Despite these misgivings, units of the Volunteer Force did conduct military actions during the
1838:
25:
382:
264:
By the 1880s the fear of conflict with MÄori had decreased, but was replaced by concerns of a Russian Invasion. In 1873
465:
280:. The scare prompted a surge in volunteering and led New Zealand to review its defences, in particular with regards to
1472:
The New Zealand Wars: A History of the MÄori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume II The Hauhau Wars, (1864ā72)
423:
uniform. From 1900 a Khaki field service uniform was introduced, although the full dress uniforms remained popular.
293:
1404:
309:
329:(pictured) were the only volunteer corps, of the 133 inspected in 1893, considered to be adequately trained.
225:
152:. These units were not sanctioned by the colonial government and had no legal standing. From 1840, various
128:. In 1910 the Volunteer Force was converted into the Territorial Force. Many of the modern day units of the
365:. These contingent were formed from volunteers of all corps, and were not exclusive to mounted volunteers.
207:
1540:
265:
229:
1746:
1505:
1703:
1628:
1436:
The New Zealand Wars: A History of the MÄori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume I (1845ā1864)
1597:
420:
221:
341:, as Minister of Defence and later Prime Minister, sought to revitalise the Volunteer force. Lt Col
250:
217:
185:
145:
321:
1848:
1216:
1145:
304:
258:
233:
181:
117:
1535:
1317:
140:
During the 1830s and 1840s, European settlers formed a number of volunteer units throughout the
1470:
1434:
1873:
1834:
1804:
1476:
1440:
1299:
1175:
177:
1375:
416:
361:. Although no individual volunteer corps was sent to South Africa, New Zealand did send ten
342:
300:
285:
153:
129:
121:
113:
93:
83:
1663:
1350:
1228:
1157:
358:
289:
125:
97:
149:
1267:
1242:
338:
277:
273:
73:
1870:
Sunday Soldiers: A Brief History of the Wellington Regiment - City of Wellington's Own
168:
1903:
1293:
353:
The volunteer force would see a major revitalisation in 1897 with the celebration of
1567:
373:
220:, while the Auckland Coastguards (later known as the Auckland Naval Artillery) and
141:
390:
55:
1480:
1444:
1303:
381:
In the late 1900s New Zealand had become increasingly weary of the increased
1877:
1679:
180:
in 1859. The Taranaki Rifles were called out for active service during the
254:
357:. Volunteering also expanded greatly in 1899 with the out break of the
1665:
Defence not Defiance: The Shaping of New Zealand's Volunteer Force
372:
320:
206:
167:
495:
Tunic of the New Zealand Coastguard Artillery Volunteers, c. 1898
377:
Lord Kitchener during his inspection tour of New Zealand, 1910
132:
can draw their lineages back to corps of the Volunteer Force.
1787:
1785:
1668:(Thesis). Hamilton: University of Waikato. pp. 267ā298.
1747:"Report on the New Zealand Permanent and Volunteer Forces"
1752:
Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives
419:, and the Wellington Highland Rifles, which adopted the
1709:
Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives
1634:
Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives
1603:
Appendix to the Journal of the House of Representatives
112:
was a voluntary part time military organisation of the
1211:. Auckland: Oxford University Press. pp. 331ā332.
1140:. Auckland: Oxford University Press. pp. 566ā571.
176:
One of the first volunteer units to be raised was the
1910:
Military units and formations of the New Zealand Army
1295:
The Taranaki Rifle Volunteers: A Corps with a History
292:, who had already advised the Australian Colonies on
1920:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1910
89:
79:
61:
43:
35:
30:
Officers of the Wellington Volunteer District, 1905
18:
385:, in particular as a naval power. The question of
1915:Military units and formations established in 1865
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
483:Doublet of the Auckland Rifle Volunteers, c. 1900
1398:
1396:
1169:
1167:
519:Helmet of the Victoria Rifle Volunteers, c. 1900
1872:. Wellington: Bryce Francis Ltd. pp. 5ā7.
507:Tunic of the Victoria Rifle Volunteers, c. 1900
1657:
1655:
211:The Forest Rangers at Te Ngutu o te Manu, 1868
1506:"Invasion of pacifist settlement at Parihaka"
184:and fought battles with MÄori at Waireka and
8:
268:published a report that the Russian Cruiser
459:Wellington Naval Artillery Volunteers, 1898
148:in response to the fear of attack by local
1853:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
532:
232:(1868-1869) a force of 350 Volunteers and
1345:
1343:
1202:
1200:
1405:"Volunteers and the Special Reports Era"
161:regular British forces in an emergency.
1925:Volunteer military units and formations
1890:
1791:
1776:
1733:
1629:"Reorganisation of the Volunteer Force"
1117:
425:
1846:
1224:
1214:
1153:
1143:
15:
238:Wellington Rangers, Wellington Rifles
7:
172:The Taranaki Rifles at Waireka, 1860
1685:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
369:Conversion to the Territorial Force
1704:"Report on Defences of the Colony"
1578:from the original on 13 March 2022
1475:. Wellington: Government Printer.
1439:. Wellington: Government Printer.
14:
1690:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
1548:from the original on 12 June 2022
1328:from the original on 11 June 2022
317:Expansion and the Second Boer War
257:. Te Whiti had led a campaign of
224:Forest Rangers saw action in the
1516:from the original on 11 May 2022
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
452:
447:Wanganui Rifle Volunteer, c.1870
440:
428:
415:, which wore the uniform of the
355:Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
236:, including the Forest Rangers,
66:
48:
24:
1811:from the original on 2021-03-19
1759:from the original on 2022-06-12
1716:from the original on 2022-06-12
1641:from the original on 2022-06-12
1610:from the original on 2022-06-12
1487:from the original on 2021-04-21
1451:from the original on 2022-01-26
1415:from the original on 2022-06-11
1409:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1382:from the original on 2019-09-20
1376:"The Volunteers' Land Act 1865"
1357:from the original on 2016-03-05
1274:from the original on 2018-04-16
1249:from the original on 2018-04-16
1186:from the original on 2022-06-11
1180:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1176:"British troops in New Zealand"
435:Taranaki Volunteer Rifles, 1868
188:in 1860 and 1861 respectively.
1298:. New Plymouth: Thomas Avery.
1:
363:contingents of mounted rifles
1833:. Christchurch. p. 53.
387:compulsory military training
1680:"Whitmore, George Stoddart"
114:New Zealand Military Forces
84:New Zealand Military Forces
1941:
1568:"The Russians are coming!"
1351:"Volunteer Force Act 1865"
301:Russia Invaded Afghanistan
1598:"Defences of New Zealand"
1403:McLintock, A. H. (1966).
1174:McLintock, A. H. (1966).
276:due to conflict with the
23:
1541:The Daily Southern Cross
1318:"New Zealand Volunteers"
337:was elected in 1891 and
266:The Daily Southern Cross
471:Wellington Guards, 1900
226:Invasion of the Waikato
1829:Latter, E. G. (1992).
1662:Clayton, G.J. (1990).
378:
330:
282:coastal fortifications
222:Gustavus von Tempsky's
212:
173:
154:British military units
1469:Cowan, James (1956).
1433:Cowan, James (1955).
1207:McGibbon, I. (2000).
1136:McGibbon, I. (2000).
421:Seaforth Highlanders'
376:
324:
210:
171:
1544:. 17 February 1873.
1324:. 15 February 1862.
1292:Penn, W. J. (1909).
539:Number of Volunteers
136:The New Zealand Wars
1893:, pp. 533ā537.
1868:Lea, P. A. (1982).
1794:, pp. 506ā510.
1779:, pp. 398ā446.
1736:, pp. 352ā383.
1512:. 5 November 2021.
310:Sir George Whitmore
251:Te Whiti o Rongomai
218:Second Taranaki War
1805:"Defence Act 1909"
1574:. 6 October 2020.
1268:"Militia Act 1858"
1243:"Militia Act 1845"
379:
335:liberal government
331:
305:Treaty of Gandamak
259:passive resistance
244:The Russian Scares
234:armed constabulary
213:
182:First Taranaki War
174:
1536:"War with Russia"
1322:Otago Daily Times
1109:
1108:
413:Wellington Guards
383:threat of Germany
103:
102:
1932:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1133:
542:Number of Corps
533:
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
432:
417:Grenadier Guards
286:Peter Scratchley
230:TÄ«tokowaru's War
130:New Zealand Army
122:New Zealand Wars
94:New Zealand Wars
72:
70:
69:
54:
52:
51:
28:
16:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1142:
1138:Volunteer Force
1135:
1134:
1119:
1114:
527:
520:
517:
508:
505:
496:
493:
484:
481:
472:
469:
460:
457:
448:
445:
436:
433:
408:
371:
359:Second Boer War
319:
290:Royal Engineers
246:
178:Taranaki Rifles
138:
126:Second Boer War
110:Volunteer Force
106:
98:Second Boer War
96:
67:
65:
49:
47:
31:
19:Volunteer Force
12:
11:
5:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1860:
1839:
1821:
1796:
1781:
1769:
1738:
1726:
1695:
1671:
1651:
1620:
1589:
1559:
1527:
1497:
1461:
1425:
1392:
1367:
1339:
1309:
1284:
1259:
1234:
1196:
1163:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
958:
954:
953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
932:
931:
928:
925:
921:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
903:
899:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
877:
876:
873:
870:
866:
865:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
837:
833:
832:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
785:
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
753:
751:
747:
746:
743:
741:
737:
736:
733:
731:
727:
726:
723:
721:
717:
716:
713:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
696:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
674:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
657:
653:
652:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
595:
592:
588:
587:
584:
581:
577:
576:
573:
570:
566:
565:
562:
559:
555:
554:
551:
548:
544:
543:
540:
537:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
511:
509:
506:
499:
497:
494:
487:
485:
482:
475:
473:
470:
463:
461:
458:
451:
449:
446:
439:
437:
434:
427:
407:
404:
400:Lord Kitchener
394:in two weeks.
370:
367:
339:Richard Seddon
318:
315:
278:Ottoman Empire
245:
242:
137:
134:
118:dress uniforms
104:
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
74:British Empire
63:
59:
58:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1937:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1285:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
959:
956:
955:
951:
948:
945:
944:
940:
937:
934:
933:
929:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
900:
896:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
878:
874:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
758:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
742:
739:
738:
734:
732:
729:
728:
724:
722:
719:
718:
714:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
644:
643:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
623:
622:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
578:
574:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
535:
534:
531:
524:
515:
510:
503:
498:
491:
486:
479:
474:
467:
462:
455:
450:
443:
438:
431:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
405:
403:
401:
395:
392:
388:
384:
375:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
351:
348:
347:Otago Hussars
344:
340:
336:
328:
327:Otago Hussars
323:
316:
314:
311:
306:
302:
297:
295:
294:their defence
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
243:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
187:
183:
179:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
105:Military unit
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
64:
60:
57:
46:
42:
38:
34:
27:
22:
17:
1891:Clayton 1990
1886:
1869:
1863:
1830:
1824:
1813:. Retrieved
1799:
1792:Clayton 1990
1777:Clayton 1990
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1750:
1741:
1734:Clayton 1990
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1683:
1674:
1664:
1643:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1612:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1489:. Retrieved
1471:
1464:
1453:. Retrieved
1435:
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1408:
1384:. Retrieved
1370:
1359:. Retrieved
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1294:
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1262:
1251:. Retrieved
1237:
1208:
1188:. Retrieved
1179:
1137:
528:
409:
396:
380:
352:
332:
298:
269:
263:
247:
214:
202:
198:
194:
190:
175:
163:
142:North Island
139:
109:
107:
80:Part of
1225:|work=
1154:|work=
391:Joseph Ward
343:Francis Fox
90:Engagements
56:New Zealand
1904:Categories
1840:0473015676
1815:2022-06-12
1763:2022-06-12
1720:2022-06-12
1645:2022-06-12
1614:2022-06-12
1491:2022-06-12
1481:1154266415
1455:2022-06-12
1445:1231690257
1419:2022-06-12
1386:2022-06-12
1361:2022-06-12
1304:1016669110
1278:2022-06-12
1253:2022-06-12
1190:2022-06-12
1112:References
284:. Colonel
270:Kaskowiski
62:Allegiance
1849:cite book
1572:NZHistory
1510:NZHistory
1227:ignored (
1217:cite book
1156:ignored (
1146:cite book
228:. During
186:Mahoetahi
39:1865-1910
1878:11970032
1809:Archived
1757:Archived
1755:. 1893.
1714:Archived
1712:. 1887.
1639:Archived
1637:. 1882.
1608:Archived
1606:. 1880.
1576:Archived
1546:Archived
1514:Archived
1485:Archived
1449:Archived
1413:Archived
1380:Archived
1355:Archived
1326:Archived
1272:Archived
1247:Archived
1184:Archived
525:Strength
406:Uniforms
299:In 1885
255:Parihaka
158:governor
124:and the
1582:12 June
1552:12 June
1520:12 June
1332:12 June
1209:Militia
530:1900s.
288:of the
144:and in
44:Country
1876:
1837:
1479:
1443:
1302:
303:. The
274:Russia
146:Nelson
71:
53:
36:Active
1102:12625
1091:13049
1080:13384
1069:13165
1058:12867
1047:13061
1036:13934
1025:15391
1014:17057
1003:11444
150:MÄori
1874:OCLC
1855:link
1835:ISBN
1584:2022
1554:2022
1522:2022
1477:OCLC
1441:OCLC
1334:2022
1300:OCLC
1229:help
1158:help
1105:211
1099:1909
1094:212
1088:1908
1083:215
1077:1907
1072:215
1066:1906
1061:215
1055:1905
1050:224
1044:1904
1039:224
1033:1903
1028:224
1022:1902
1017:221
1011:1901
1006:212
1000:1900
995:121
992:7000
989:1899
984:116
981:4500
978:1898
970:5121
967:1897
957:1896
949:5288
946:1895
938:6443
935:1894
927:5667
924:1893
919:102
916:6368
913:1892
908:107
905:6582
902:1891
897:111
894:6700
891:1890
886:121
883:7776
880:1889
875:140
872:8064
869:1888
864:149
861:8029
858:1887
853:146
850:8253
847:1886
842:138
839:7919
836:1885
828:4332
825:1884
817:6828
814:1883
806:8318
803:1882
798:114
795:7133
792:1881
787:110
782:1880
777:118
774:8032
771:1879
763:5058
760:1878
750:1877
740:1876
730:1875
725:106
720:1874
715:132
710:1873
705:132
702:6042
699:1872
694:132
691:6568
688:1871
683:118
680:5407
677:1870
672:109
669:6158
666:1869
661:104
656:1868
648:3779
645:1867
635:1866
627:4498
624:1865
616:2418
613:1864
605:1229
602:1863
594:1481
591:1862
583:1314
580:1861
572:1216
569:1860
558:1859
547:1858
536:Year
325:The
108:The
973:91
962:85
952:84
941:85
930:90
831:86
820:85
809:96
766:88
755:85
745:89
735:95
651:75
640:68
630:78
619:69
608:58
597:24
586:43
575:35
561:426
550:233
253:at
1906::
1851:}}
1847:{{
1807:.
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1682:.
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1631:.
1600:.
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1538:.
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1483:.
1447:.
1411:.
1407:.
1395:^
1378:.
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1320:.
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1524:.
1494:.
1458:.
1422:.
1389:.
1364:.
1336:.
1306:.
1281:.
1256:.
1231:)
1193:.
1160:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
