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1617:, a militant group living in the Ukraine, near the Ottoman border, who could find worth in such a campaign, and turn their attention to fighting for the Commonwealth, instead of against it. As usual, he failed to inspire the nobility, rarely willing to consider sponsoring another war, to agree to this plan. He received more support from foreign powers, from Rome, Venice and Muscovy. With the promise of funds for the war, Władysław started recruiting troops among the Cossacks in 1646. The opposition of the Sejm, demanding that he dismiss the troops, coupled with Władysław's worsening health, crippled that plan as well. Władysław still did not give up, and attempted to resurrect the plan in 1647, and with the support of magnate
1454:, a settlement which he hoped would ease his way into regaining the Swedish crown. Following the armistice of Stuhmsdorf, Władysław came to increasingly realize that his prospects for regaining the Swedish throne were dim. In the years 1636–1638 he proposed several reforms to strengthen his and his dynasty's power in the Commonwealth. His first plan was an attempt to secure a hereditary province within the country, which would not be threatened by the possible power shift following a future royal election; this, however, did not gain sufficient support in the Sejm. Next, Władysław attempted to create an
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958:, Władysław pledged himself to fund a military school and equipment; to find a way to fund a navy; to maintain current alliances; not to raise armies, give offices or military ranks to foreigners, negotiate peace treaties, or declare war without the Sejm's approval; not to take a wife without the Senate's approval; to convince his brothers to take an oath to the Commonwealth; and to transfer the profits from the Royal Mint to the Royal Treasury rather than to a private treasury. When the election result was announced by the
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1567:. On 16 March 1637 a "family alliance" was signed between the Habsburgs and the Polish-Lithuanian branch of the House of Vasa. Władysław promised not to sign any pacts against the Habsburgs, and to transfer his rights to the Swedish throne in case of his line's extinction; in return, Habsburg promised to support his efforts to regain the Swedish crown, and to transfer to him some territory in case of gains in a war against the Ottomans. The marriage took place in 1637, on 12 September.
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1466:(Danzig) who were able to muster enough support (including from foreign powers) to stop the king's reforms. In fact, the defeat of his plans was so total, that he was forced to make certain conciliatory gestures to the nobility, as the Sejm passed several laws constraining his authority (such as to hire foreign troops), further indicating the limits of royal power in the Commonwealth.
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1447:. He realized that such a move would cause much unrest in a heavily Catholic Commonwealth, that he likely lacked the authority and power to push such a change of policy through the Sejm, and that the resulting conflict would be very difficult. From 1636 onward, for the next few years, Władysław strengthened his ties with the Habsburgs.
1914:, although he had no control over Sweden whatsoever and never set foot in that country. However, he continued his attempts to regain the Swedish throne, with a similar lack of results as his father. He might have been willing to trade his claim away, but the offer was never put down in the negotiations.
4188:
Marczali, Henrik (1877). "Candalei Anna II. Ulászló neje, magyarországi útjának és a menyegzői ünnepélyek leírása (Közlemények a párisi
Nemzeti könyvtárból 1448–1596, 83–122)" [The Description of the Route to Hungary and the Wedding of Anne of Foix, the Wife of Ladislas II. Announcements from the
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The next few years were similarly unsuccessful with regards to his plans. Eventually, he tried to bypass the opposition in the Sejm with secret alliances, dealings, and intrigues, but did not prove successful. Those plans included schemes such as supporting the Holy Roman
Emperor's raid on Inflanty
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In the three months between his election and coronation, Władysław sounded the waters regarding the possibility of a peaceful succession to the
Swedish throne, following the recent death of Gustavus Adolphus, but this, as well as his proposal to mediate between Sweden and its enemies, was rejected,
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was expiring. The majority of Polish nobles preferred to solve the problem through negotiations, unwilling to pay taxes for a new war, provided that Sweden was open to negotiations and concessions (in particular, to retreat from the occupied Polish coastal territories). Władysław himself was hoping
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Likely, the failure of this campaign showed Władysław the limits of royal power in the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth, as major factors for the failure included the significant autonomy of the military commanders, which did not see Władysław as their superior, and lack of funds for the army, as the
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In internal politics he attempted to strengthen the power of the monarchy, but this was mostly thwarted by the szlachta, who valued their independence and democratic powers. Władysław suffered continuing difficulties caused by the efforts of the
Commonwealth's Sejm (parliament) to check the King's
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One of the king's most substantial achievements was in the cultural sphere; he became a notable patron of the arts. Władysław was a connoisseur of the arts, in particular, theater and music. He spoke several languages and enjoyed reading historical literature and poetry. He collected paintings and
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against France in 1640–1641, and in 1641–1643, with
Denmark against Sweden. On the international scene, he attempted to mediate between various religious factions of Christianity, using the tolerant image of the Commonwealth to portray himself as the neutral mediator. He organized a conference in
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Władysław had many plans (dynastic, about wars, territorial gains: regaining
Silesia, Inflanty (Livonia), incorporation of Ducal Prussia, creation of his hereditary dukedom etc.), some of them with real chances of success, but for various reasons, most of them ended in failure during his 16-year
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Władysław's last plan was to orchestrate a major war between the
European powers and the Ottoman Empire. The border with the Empire was in a near-constant state of low-level warfare; some historians estimate that in the first half of the 17th century, Ottoman raids and wars resulted in the loss
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religion to Roman
Catholicism. Sigismund refused to agree to the boyar's request to send prince Władysław to Moscow and his conversion to Orthodoxy. Instead, Sigismund proposed that he should reign as a regent in Muscovy instead. This unrealistic proposal led to a resumption of hostilities. In
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Throughout his life, Władysław successfully defended the
Commonwealth against foreign invasions. He was recognized as a good tactician and strategist, who did much to modernize the Commonwealth's Army. Władysław ensured that the officer corps was significantly large so that the army could be
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Some historians see Władysław as a dreamer who could not stick to one policy, and upon running into first difficulties, ditched it and looked for another opportunity. Perhaps it was due to this lukewarmness that Władysław was never able to inspire those he ruled to support, at least in any
450:, strengthening royal power, and reforming the Commonwealth's political system, although he failed at reclaiming the Swedish throne. Despite that failure, his personal charisma and popularity among all segments of society contributed to relative internal calm in the Commonwealth.
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in Warsaw. The column, dedicated to his father, was designed by the Italian-born architect Constantino Tencalla and the sculptor Clemente Molli, and cast by Daniel Tym. He was less interested in decorative architecture; he supported the construction of two palaces in Warsaw –
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During that period and afterwards, he lobbied for support for his candidature for the Polish-Lithuanian throne, as his father, Sigismund, was getting more advanced in his age, and the succession to the throne did not occur through inheritance but rather through the process of
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Władysław has been described as outgoing and friendly, with a sense of humor, optimistic, a "people's person", able to charm many of those who interacted with him. On the other hand, he had a short temper and when angered, could act without considering all consequences.
1021:. Władysław proved to be a good tactician, and his innovations in the use of artillery and fortifications based on Western ideas greatly contributed to the eventual Polish–Lithuanian success. King Władysław wanted to continue the war or, because the Polish–Swedish
1482:). This was however unpopular, both with Catholic nobles and the Catholic Church, and when it became clear to Władysław that this would not convince the Swedes to elect him to their throne, this plan, with quiet support from Władysław himself, was dropped.
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Vladislaus Quartus Dei gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russiae, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniaeque, Smolenscie, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque necnon Suecorum, Gothorum Vandalorumque haereditarius rex, electus magnus dux
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that returned the status quo from before the Ottoman invasion. This peace treaty also gave Władysław an international reputation as a "defender of the Christian faith", and increased his popularity in the Commonwealth itself.
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In 1624, King Sigismund decided that the time had come for Władysław to travel, like many of his peers, to Western Europe. For security reasons, Władysław travelled under a fake name, Snopkowski (from Polish Snopek, meaning
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Władysław had no children with his second wife, and his first wife bore him only two children (Maria Anna Izabela and Zygmunt Kazimierz), both of them died in their youth. He had at least one known illegitimate son,
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reign. Though his grand international political plans failed, he did improve the Commonwealth foreign policy, supporting the establishment of a network of permanent diplomatic agents in important European countries.
913:. While Władysław, and his father tried to ensure Władysław's election during Sigismund's lifetime, this was not a popular option for the nobility, and it repeatedly failed, up to and including at the sejm of 1631.
457:. Władysław's death marked the end of relative stability in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as conflicts and tensions that had been growing over several decades came to a head with devastating consequences. The
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power and limit his dynastic ambitions. Władysław was fed up with the weak position of the king in the Commonwealth; his politics included attempting to secure a small, preferably hereditary territory – like a
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Władysław tried to regain the tsar's throne himself, organizing a campaign in 1616. Despite some military victories, he was unable to capture Moscow. The Commonwealth gained some disputed territories in the
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for a war, which could yield some more significant territorial gains, and even managed to gather a sizeable army, with navy elements, near the disputed territories. Sweden, weakened by involvement in the
465:", 1655–1660) weakened the country and diminished Poland's status as a regional power. For that reason, Władysław's reign was seen in following decades as a bygone golden era of stability and prosperity.
1559:). However, before everything was confirmed and signed Ferdinand II died and Ferdinand III backed from giving the Silesian duchy to the son of Władysław. Instead a dowry was awarded to be secured by the
1628:, then seven years old, suddenly fell ill and died; the death of his only legitimate heir to the throne was a major blow to the king, whose grief prevented his attendance at the boy's funeral held in
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After Cecilia's death in 1644, the ties between Władysław and the Habsburgs were somewhat loosened. In turn, the relations with France improved, and eventually Władysław married the French princess
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849:. It was during his stay with Spinola that he was impressed by Western military techniques; this was later reflected when he became king, as military matters were always important to him.
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noble. Around early 17th century Urszula lost much of her influence, as Władysław gained new teachers and mentors, including such priests as Marek Łętkowski, Gabriel Prowancjusz, and
1087:(Sztumska Wieś) on 12 September 1635, favourable to the Commonwealth, which regained the Prussian territories, and called for a reduction of the Swedish tolls on the maritime trade.
1083:, was however open to a peaceful solution. Władysław could not go against the decision of the Sejm and Senate, and agreed to support the treaty. Thus both sides agreed to sign the
427:, but did not assume the throne because of his father's position and a popular uprising. Nevertheless, until 1634, he used the titular title of grand duke of Moscow. Following his
599:. It was reported that young Władysław was interested in arts; later this led to him becoming an important patron of the arts. He spoke and wrote in German, Italian and Latin.
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Before he was elected king of the Commonwealth, Władysław fought in many campaigns, seeking personal glory. After his final campaign against Russians in 1617–18 (the end of
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had 6 Protestant members; at the time of his death, it had 11. Despite his support for religious tolerance, he did fail, however, to resolve the conflict stemming from the
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Historian Władysław Czapliński claimed that Sigismund's death resulted from a heart attack, however, witnesses recorded that the king "lay paralysed" and died of a stroke.
1667:. The King's condition supposedly worsened as he was given the incorrect medication to treat the ailment. Being aware that these might be his final days, the King had his
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in exchange for Wladyslaw's renunciation of all claims to the tsardom and return of the royal insignia, which were in the Commonwealth possession since the Dymitriads.
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in his biography of the king is more understanding, noting the short period of his reign (16 years) and the weakness of the royal position he was forced to deal with.
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Władysław was criticized for being a spendthrift; he lived lavishly, spending more than his royal court treasury could afford. He also dispensed much wealth among his
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1613:(death or enslavement) of about 300,000 Commonwealth citizens in the borderlands. The war, Władysław hoped, would also solve the problem of unrest among the
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of opera to Poland. Władysław's attention to theater contributed to the spread of this art form in Poland. He was also interested in poetry, as well as in
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split. Despite his support for the Protestants, he did not stop the growing tide of intolerance, either in Poland or abroad, as shown by the fate of the
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1864:. Despite promising beginnings, Władysław failed to secure enough funds for the fleet creation; the ships were gone – sunk, or stolen – by the 1640s.
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in the palace, the first theater in Poland, where during his reign dozens of operas and ballets were performed. He is credited with bringing the very
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Władysław's mother died on 10 February 1598, less than three years after giving birth to him. He was raised by one of her former ladies of the court,
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in the cited reference work (Czapliński 1976). Czapliński also mentions that Władysław suffered from ill health throughout his life, related to
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to the Imperial Court, to work on improving the Imperial-Commonwealth relations. The king's trusted confessor, father Walerian Magni (of
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Sigismund suffered a sudden stroke in late April 1632 and died in the morning hours of 30 April, forcing the matter to be raised again.
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by paternal inheritance, but was never able to gain possession of that throne. His titles were the longest of any Polish king ever.
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in 1632, he was largely successful in defending the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against foreign invasion, most notably in the
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Several years after his death, a diplomatic mission from Muscovy demanded that publications about Władysław's victories in the
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In the meantime, Władysław still tried to take a leading role in European politics, and negotiate a peaceful settlement to the
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it forced the Turks to renew a peace treaty. In the resulting treaty, both countries agreed again to curb the border raids by
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During that campaign Władysław started the modernisation program of the Commonwealth army, emphasising the usage of modern
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paintings, much of which were lost in the wars after his death. He sponsored many musicians and in 1637 created the first
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he was impressed by opera, and decided to bring this form of art to the Commonwealth, where it was previously unknown.
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would soon be expiring, ally with the Russians to strike against Sweden. However, the Sejm wanted no more conflict. As
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eventually chose Władysław; there were no other serious contenders. The decision was reached on 8 November, but as the
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After the southern campaign, the Commonwealth had to deal with a threat from the north, as the armistice, ending the
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he witnessed a specially organized mock naval battle, experiences that resulted in his later attempt to create the
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invaded the Commonwealth. A Muscovite army crossed Lithuania's eastern frontier in October 1632 and laid siege to
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Notable painters and engravers Władysław supported and who attended his royal court included Peter Paul Rubens,
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In an attempt to take advantage of the confusion expected after the death of the Commonwealth's king, Tsar
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This article is about the 17th-century Polish king. For another person called Władysław IV of Poland, see
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He died without a legitimate son and was succeeded to the Polish-Lithuanian throne by his half-brother,
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Władysław moved the Commonwealth army south of the border with Russia, where under the command of the
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His election was ruined by his father, Sigismund, who aimed to convert Muscovy's population from
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issues. There were months-long periods, particularly in 1635 and 1639, when he could not walk.
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noted: "under the reign of Władysław IV, such a shameful event would have never been allowed."
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652:. Later that year, Władysław, aged 15, was elected as tsar by Russia's aristocracy council of
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to Sigismund III was a traditional, politically motivated marriage, intended to tie the young
446:. Władysław was also a renowned patron of the arts and music. He gained fame by defeating the
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use its naval superiority to demand concessions from Gdańsk (the Commonwealth had no navy).
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In 1632 Władysław was elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. He claimed to be
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859:, Władysław was known as a fairly skilful commander on his own. In Rome he was welcomed by
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1598:(Thorn) that began on 28 January 1645, but it failed to reach any meaningful conclusions.
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Following the Smolensk campaign, the Commonwealth was threatened by another attack by the
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At the age of 10, he received his own prince court. He formed a friendship with brothers
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Ward, Adolphus William; Prothero, George Walter; Leathes, Stanley Mordaunt, eds. (1911).
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1507:) arrived in Warsaw somewhere during spring 1636. In June of that year, Władysław sent
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5753:
5450:
4760:
4659:
4630:
4162:
4029:
1849:
1789:
1786:
1664:
1103:
1042:
999:
804:
536:
498:
409:
406:
402:
328:
4119:
1474:
Early in his reign, there were plans regarding a marriage of Władysław and Princess
954:
were not yet ready, the official announcement was delayed until 13 November. In the
905:
in 1629, was rather limited, and he spent much time in other parts of the country.
779:
in 1626, depicts treasures purchased by the Prince during his journey across Europe.
562:, who eventually became a powerful player at the royal court, with much influence.
4950:
1930:
1926:
1751:
1532:
995:
807:
792:
654:
608:
585:
552:
494:
432:
420:
5743:
5710:
4324:
Dzieje krolewstwa polskiego krotko lat porzadkiem opisane przez Jana Albertrandego
1564:
544:
166:
4337:
863:, who congratulated him on his fighting against the Ottomans. During his stay in
17:
6397:
5584:
4466:
Dzieje narodu polskiego za panowania Władysława IV. krola polskiego i szweckiego
2232:
1871:
1637 medal commemorating Władysław IV's victories over Russia, Turkey and Sweden
1759:
1685:
1575:
1497:
4559:
1527:) on 26 October 1636 with consent and performed negotiations. The Archduchess'
588:, much respected by Sigmismund III. Władysław studied for several years in the
6341:
6332:
5692:
5023:
4945:
4255:
4048:
2609:
1815:
1724:
1672:
1660:
1656:
1512:
818:
722:
190:
4396:
4177:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–262.
4166:
1848:
expanded; introduced foreign (Western) infantry to the Polish Army, with its
852:
While not a military genius, and surpassed by his contemporary, Commonwealth
6409:
6356:
6317:
6242:
5761:
5685:
5657:
4592:
4455:
4235:
1995:
1979:
1963:
1853:
1668:
1432:
1018:
730:
5226:
4585:
2716:
Queen Liberty: The Concept of Freedom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
2600:
The confusion stems from an undisambiguated use of the Polish medical term
1692:. As he had no legitimate male heirs, he was succeeded by his half-brother
1629:
1463:
975:
784:
548:
210:
4543:
1933:. Eventually, to much controversy, their demand was met. Polish historian
6414:
6373:
6368:
6346:
6274:
5733:
5699:
5678:
5059:
5033:
4218:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160
1987:
1967:
1896:
1744:
1709:
1614:
1595:
1547:. Additionally the son of Władysław and Cecilia Renata was to obtain the
1064:
1014:
1009:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the reign of Władysław IV, ca. 1635
991:
864:
734:
603:
540:
6167:
405:
as a prince of Poland and of Sweden, Władysław IV was the eldest son of
6351:
5771:
5664:
2605:
2007:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1747:
1680:
1560:
1444:
834:
726:
641:
570:
323:
218:
800:
750:
long series of struggles between Poland and the Ottomans over Moldavia
6298:
5738:
5705:
5650:
5595:
2613:
1959:
1732:
1424:
primarily by the Swedish chancellor and head of the regency council,
1068:
1057:
890:
875:
853:
838:
822:
776:
675:
617:
543:. Władysław was born 9 June 1595 at the King's summer residence in
4715:
2003:
1947:
1904:
1866:
1831:
1755:
1719:
1639:
1569:
1528:
1484:
1004:
923:
871:
842:
709:
627:
516:
4367:; Rosalak, Maciej (24 July 2007). "Władysław IV Waza 1595–1658".
4291:
4289:
3112:
3110:
1799:
One of the most renowned works he ordered was the raising of the
4570:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). pp. 765–767, see page 767.
3782:
3780:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3605:
3603:
3590:
3588:
3527:
3525:
3449:
3447:
3393:
3391:
3315:
3313:
3228:
3226:
3082:
3080:
2568:
879:
699:
694:. He held on to the title, without any real power, until 1634.
6171:
5599:
5230:
4719:
3213:
3211:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
489:
in 1592, only to be deposed in 1599 by his uncle, subsequently
3097:
3095:
2941:
2939:
2937:
442:
and carried out military reforms, such as the founding of the
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2912:
2910:
2908:
1743:. Władysław assembled an important collection of Italian and
4028:
3971:
3969:
3920:
3918:
3845:
3843:
3755:
3753:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3476:
3474:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3330:
3328:
2883:
2881:
2856:
2854:
2852:
1110:
3043:
3041:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
680:
Tsar and Grand Prince Vladislav Zigimontovych of all Russia
2803:
2801:
2799:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2738:
2736:
1785:, and Christian Melich. His royal orchestra was headed by
1762:
and historical and scientific works; he corresponded with
1659:(Merecz) in early 1648, Władysław suffered from a case of
1535:, the Emperor also promised to pay the dowries of both of
901:. His involvement in this conflict, which lasted till the
5218:
Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
2535:
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)
1899:, a group that he respected and counted on in his plans.
889:
After returning to Poland, he fought in 1626 against the
461:
in the east (1648) and the subsequent Swedish invasion ("
4254:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
2588:, but he played no significant role in Polish politics.
1879:
and did not support the more aggressive policies of the
1814:. Among other works sponsored by or dedicated to him is
640:, in 1609, the royal family moved to their residence in
4862:
King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
4047:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via
2559:
After some discussions early on, he chose the title of
1958:
In English: "Władysław IV, by grace of God the King of
1852:
and early firearms, and supported the expansion of the
1675:. Władysław died around 02:00 at night on 20 May 1648.
810:). On the long voyage (1624–25), he was accompanied by
1002:, which was then forced to surrender on 1 March 1634.
429:
election as king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania
2673:
1431:
Władysław IV owed nominal allegiance to the Imperial
584:
Much of his curriculum was likely designed by Father
4857:
King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
4189:
National Library of Paris in French 1448–1596].
6695:
Polish people of the Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)
6571:
6562:
6484:
6471:
6433:
6331:
6307:
6288:
6264:
6255:
6232:
6223:
6078:
6030:
6007:
5983:
5962:
5817:
5752:
5724:
5633:
5510:
5426:
5264:
5187:
5166:
5150:
5114:
5083:
5047:
5016:
4995:
4964:
4938:
4922:
4901:
4885:
4849:
4811:
4780:
4415:] (in Polish). Warsaw: PW "Wiedza Poweszechna".
435:of 1632–1634 in which he participated personally.
419:Władysław was elected as the tsar of Russia by the
364:
354:
344:
334:
322:
293:
226:
201:
180:
160:
156:
146:
136:
126:
114:
104:
94:
84:
73:
62:
41:
4247:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
4237:"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)"
4040:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2872:
493:. This resulted in a long-standing feud, with the
4450:(in Polish). Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza.
744:In 1620, he took part in the second phase of the
4252:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
4045:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1860:resulted in the creation of a new port village,
1589:in 1639, which he hoped would lead to a war; an
878:he was impressed by the local shipyards, and in
4872:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków
4572:Wladislaus IV. (1595–1648), king of Poland.....
4448:Katalog monet polskich 1632–1648 (Władysław IV)
3986:
3984:
612:) were unpopular and eventually crushed in the
4446:Kamiński, Czesław; Kurpiewski, Janusz (1984).
1739:created a notable gallery of paintings in the
1496:'s proposal of marriage between Władysław and
775:), according to artist's signature painted in
729:in 1619 looking for an opportunity to aid the
6183:
5611:
5242:
4731:
4391:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ksiażka i wiedza.
4022:
4020:
2661:
1907:– where his position would be much stronger.
1404:
501:claiming the Swedish throne. This led to the
8:
4956:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
4518:Genealogia Jagiellonów i Domu Wazów w Polsce
4481:(in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
3975:
3798:
3181:. Various authors and editors. 24 July 2007.
3059:
2984:
2916:
2887:
2860:
2819:
2790:
741:, an opportunity that never materialized.
714:Władysław IV in an 18th-century portrait by
6158:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
4839:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
4315:Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
4311:Bibliography of Russian history (1223–1613)
4280:
3116:
27:Ruler of Poland-Lithuania from 1632 to 1648
6705:People of the Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21)
6568:
6481:
6261:
6229:
6190:
6176:
6168:
5618:
5604:
5596:
5249:
5235:
5227:
4738:
4724:
4716:
4621:
4479:Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów: Srebny Wiek
4295:
4268:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3909:
3897:
3885:
3873:
3849:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3786:
3771:
3759:
3744:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3680:
3656:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3594:
3579:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3531:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3465:
3453:
3438:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3319:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3202:
3190:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3128:
3101:
3086:
3047:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2957:
2945:
2928:
2899:
2843:
2831:
2807:
2771:
2754:
2742:
2035:
2026:
1411:
1397:
1094:
47:
38:
5214:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
5122:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
3217:
3151:
253:
4062:Larsson, Lars-Olof (10 September 2002).
931:
763:
752:. In 1621, he was a Polish commander at
5055:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
4877:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
4602:Kunstkammer and opera of Władysław Vasa
4143:. Vol. XIII. Macmillan. p. 67
4097:(in Swedish). Vol. 25. Stockholm:
4001:(in Swedish). Vol. 20. Stockholm:
2706:
2630:
1476:Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine
1385:
1362:
1309:
1261:
1228:
1200:
1120:
1102:
831:Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
769:Art Collection of Prince Władysław Vasa
4755:The generations indicate descent from
4339:Najsłynniejsze miłości królów polskich
4064:Gustav Vasa – Landsfader eller tyrann?
3071:
2396:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2154:
2044:
2040:
1918:significant manner, any of his plans.
3668:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2446:
2440:
2430:
2414:
2404:
2400:
2384:
2378:
2368:
2352:
2342:
2338:
2326:
2320:
2310:
2294:
2284:
2280:
2256:
2246:
2230:
2220:
2216:
2204:
2198:
2188:
2172:
2162:
2158:
2142:
2136:
2126:
2110:
2100:
2096:
2084:
2078:
2068:
2052:
2048:
978:on 6 February in the following year.
257:
7:
5179:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
5174:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
5096:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
1041:. Muscovy also agreed to pay 20,000
895:last phase of the Polish–Swedish War
733:in their struggle against the Czech
5210:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
5003:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
4977:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland
4798:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
4327:(in Polish). K. Jabloński. p.
1875:The king, while Catholic, was very
1858:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy
884:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy
5137:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
5070:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
4066:(in Swedish). Prisma. p. 21.
4030:"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern"
1727:of King Władysław IV, held at the
1054:wars against Ottomans in 1633–1634
25:
6700:Polish people of the Smolensk War
5106:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
4829:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
4389:At the Court of King Władysław IV
3412:, pp. 179–180, 183, 205–208.
1624:On 9 August 1647, his young son,
1607:Charles I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
1505:Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
521:Prince Władysław, aged about 10,
5101:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
4765:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
4542:
4498:Wawel i Skałka: panteony polskie
3991:Lager-Kromnow, Birgitta (1973).
1910:Władysław used the title of the
1494:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
827:Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
702:) refused to subsidize the war.
674:1611-12, silver and gold coins (
636:With the intensification of the
385:(9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was
368:
197:, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
5142:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland
5127:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
4515:Wdowiszewski, Zygmunt (2017) .
2323:Charles II, Archduke of Austria
2297:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
2010:, elected Grand Duke of Moscow.
1839:, erected by Władysław IV, 1644
1684:were interred in the Chapel of
1671:dictated and then received his
1603:Ludwika Maria Gonzaga de Nevers
393:and claimant of the thrones of
282:
249:
6209:List of early Lithuanian dukes
5132:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
5039:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
5029:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
4521:. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Avalon.
4369:Rzeczpospolita and Mówią Wieki
4027:von Hurter, Friedrich (1861).
2873:Kamiński & Kurpiewski 1984
2595:
2578:
2554:
2030:Ancestors of Władysław IV Vasa
1929:of 1633–1634 be collected and
1515:religious order), and voivode
1076:Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)
592:, and for two years, in Rome.
569:was Michał Konarski, a Polish-
551:, a few months after the main
300:
175:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
6715:Disinherited European royalty
6635:17th-century Russian monarchs
5065:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
4463:Kwiatkowski, Kajetan (1823).
4429:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
4385:Na Dworze Króla Władysława IV
4371:. Władcy Polski (in Polish).
3864:. The National Gallery London
2530:History of Poland (1569–1795)
2443:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
1591:attempted alliance with Spain
1579:
1574:Portrait of Władysław IV, by
1480:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
928:Władysław IV Vasa, coronation
638:Polish intervention in Russia
597:Adam and Stanisław Kazanowski
522:
6690:Burials at Vilnius Cathedral
6680:Knights of the Golden Fleece
6640:17th-century Polish monarchs
6550:Stanisław August Poniatowski
6143:Stanisław August Poniatowski
4763:, and continues through the
4609:Timeline of Władysław's life
4191:Hungarian Historical Journal
4140:The Cambridge Modern History
3939:, pp. 348–349, 384–385.
3912:, pp. 193–194, 222–223.
3424:, pp. 183–184, 205–208.
3271:, pp. 190–191, 196–197.
3259:, pp. 186–187, 200–201.
3247:, pp. 185–186, 196–197.
3171:Władysław IV Waza 1595–1658.
2565:electus Magnus Dux Moscoviae
2561:elected Grand Duke of Moscow
897:, where he took part in the
812:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
412:and Sigismund's first wife,
6525:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
6214:List of Lithuanian monarchs
6118:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
5859:Władysław III Spindleshanks
5195:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
5075:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
4982:Crown Prince Charles August
4469:(in Polish). N. Glücksberg.
4099:National Archives of Sweden
4094:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
4003:National Archives of Sweden
3998:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
2674:
2475:Archduchess Anna of Austria
2355:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
1998:and hereditary King of the
1557:Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
698:Commonwealth's parliament (
602:Władysław was liked by the
577:and in military matters by
555:had been consumed by fire.
425:Polish army captured Moscow
6736:
6710:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
5318:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir
4425:Historia Polski, 1505–1764
4413:Władysław IV and His Times
4308:
2390:
2274:
2148:
2042:
1883:. When he took power, the
1856:. His attempt to create a
1489:Władysław IV in later life
1460:Order of the Golden Fleece
1437:Order of the Golden Fleece
505:of 1600–1629 and later to
32:Władysław I the Elbow-High
29:
6596:
6203:
6151:
5949:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
5828:Senior or Supreme Princes
5266:Grand princes of Vladimir
5203:
4753:
4704:
4695:
4687:
4677:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4624:
4500:(in Polish). Ossolineum.
4409:Władysław IV i jego czasy
4321:Albertrandy, Jan (1846).
2719:. BRILL. 17 August 2012.
2662:
2460:
2452:
2424:
2417:Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
2402:
2398:
2362:
2340:
2332:
2304:
2282:
2278:
2240:
2218:
2210:
2182:
2160:
2156:
2120:
2098:
2090:
2062:
2046:
1645:Władysław IV on Horseback
1501:Cecilia Renata of Austria
238:Cecilia Renata of Austria
46:
6650:Grand dukes of Lithuania
6257:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5944:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
5363:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes
5258:List of Russian monarchs
4867:Prince Alexander Charles
4824:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
4421:Gierowski, Józef Andrzej
4242:von Wurzbach, Constantin
4215:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4087:Dahlbäck, Göran (1985).
4035:von Wurzbach, Constantin
3976:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
3951:, pp. 122–123, 187.
3876:, pp. 170, 217–218.
3799:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
3349:, pp. 205, 211–212.
2985:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2917:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2888:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2861:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2820:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2791:Bohun & Rosalak 2007
2586:Władysław Konstanty Vasa
2567:) rather than that of a
1729:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1302:Anna Catherine Constance
646:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5924:Dukes of Greater Poland
5313:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
4671:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4567:Encyclopædia Britannica
4549:Wladislaus IV of Poland
4234:Hübner, Johann (1860).
4174:Encyclopædia Britannica
4125:Encyclopædia Britannica
2139:Sigismund III of Poland
1531:was agreed for 100,000
1519:arrived in Regensburg (
1085:Armistice of Stuhmsdorf
817:First, he travelled to
787:(Danzig), he witnessed
748:, a consequence of the
477:, grandson of Sweden's
473:Władysław IV's father,
391:Grand Duke of Lithuania
339:Sigismund III of Poland
68:Grand Duke of Lithuania
6670:Polish Roman Catholics
6535:Augustus II the Strong
6128:Augustus II the Strong
6045:Władysław III of Varna
5929:Dukes of Little Poland
5834:Władysław II the Exile
5789:Casimir I the Restorer
5783:Bolesław the Forgotten
5512:Emperors of all Russia
4617:Quotes about Władysław
4496:Rożek, Michał (1995).
4342:(in Polish). Bellona.
4336:Besala, Jerzy (2009).
3993:"Katarina Jagellonica"
2683:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2259:Władysław IV of Poland
1872:
1840:
1775:Peter Danckerts de Rij
1735:
1652:
1585:
1524:
1490:
1115:
1061:Stanisław Koniecpolski
1010:
941:
929:
857:Stanisław Koniecpolski
814:and other courtiers.
780:
773:Royal Castle in Warsaw
718:
633:
614:Zebrzydowski Rebellion
528:
383:Ladislaus IV of Poland
6540:Stanisław Leszczyński
6500:Anna the Jagiellonian
6459:Sigismund II Augustus
6425:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
6198:Monarchs of Lithuania
6070:Sigismund II Augustus
6040:Władysław II Jagiełło
6017:Louis I the Hungarian
5999:Casimir III the Great
5894:Bolesław V the Chaste
5869:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
5839:Bolesław IV the Curly
5809:Bolesław III Wrymouth
5716:Piast the Wheelwright
5323:Andrey II of Vladimir
5293:Vsevolod the Big Nest
5206:Also prince of Norway
4987:King Charles XIV John
4580:Bibliotheca Augustana
4561:"Wladislaus IV"
4405:Czapliński, Władysław
4381:Czapliński, Władysław
4208:Walter Goetz (1953),
3173:Władcy Polski Nr 23.
2658:Vladislav IV av Polen
2175:Sigismund I of Poland
2113:Margaret Leijonhufvud
1870:
1835:
1723:
1643:
1573:
1488:
1114:
1008:
946:election sejm of 1632
935:
927:
829:. In Brussels he met
767:
713:
658:, who overthrew tsar
631:
520:
6685:Nobility from Kraków
6564:Kingdom of Lithuania
6545:August III the Saxon
6520:John II Casimir Vasa
6225:Kingdom of Lithuania
6113:John II Casimir Vasa
6032:Jagiellonian dynasty
5994:Władysław I Łokietek
5794:Bolesław II the Bold
5767:Bolesław I the Brave
5436:Ivan IV the Terrible
5303:Konstantin of Rostov
5283:Andrei I Bogolyubsky
5158:King Carl XVI Gustaf
5091:King Gustaf VI Adolf
4972:King Gustav IV Adolf
4930:King Adolf Frederick
4834:King Gustav II Adolf
4551:at Wikimedia Commons
3131:, pp. 125, 138.
1920:Władysław Czapliński
1694:John II Casimir Vasa
783:In 1623, while near
716:Marcello Bacciarelli
671:the Eastern Orthodox
495:Commonwealth's kings
459:Khmelnytsky Uprising
455:John II Casimir Vasa
271:Marie Louise Gonzaga
256:; died
109:John II Casimir Vasa
6495:Henry III of Valois
6454:Sigismund I the Old
6333:House of Gediminids
6065:Sigismund I the Old
6009:Capet-Anjou dynasty
5899:Leszek II the Black
5889:Bolesław the Horned
5849:Casimir II the Just
5844:Mieszko III the Old
5428:Tsars of all Russia
5403:Vasily II the Blind
5343:Dmitry of Pereslavl
5308:Yuri II of Vladimir
5298:Yuri II of Vladimir
5288:Mikhail of Vladimir
4598:30 May 2013 at the
4556:Bain, Robert Nisbet
4298:, pp. 120–121.
4168:"Ferdinand I"
3900:, pp. 219–220.
3888:, pp. 217–218.
3825:, pp. 324–326.
3813:, pp. 333–335.
3789:, pp. 330–333.
3747:, pp. 384–385.
3726:, pp. 291–292.
3683:, pp. 121–122.
3659:, pp. 379–380.
3624:, pp. 374–378.
3612:, pp. 366–368.
3597:, pp. 360–361.
3558:, pp. 353–356.
3534:, pp. 348–352.
3519:, pp. 337–342.
3507:, pp. 336–337.
3495:, pp. 272–274.
3456:, pp. 214–215.
3400:, pp. 240–258.
3385:, pp. 229–233.
3373:, pp. 225–228.
3322:, pp. 208–211.
3307:, pp. 128–133.
3283:, pp. 200–201.
3235:, pp. 171–176.
3220:, pp. 370–372.
3154:, pp. 235–236.
3119:, pp. 164–166.
3089:, pp. 102–118.
2201:Catherine of Poland
1881:Counter-Reformation
1655:While hunting near
1619:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
1435:as a member of the
1027:Stanisław Łubieński
988:Michael I of Russia
960:Crown Grand Marshal
539:to the prestigious
440:religious tolerance
314:Władysław Konstanty
311:Maria Anna Isabella
6510:Sigismund III Vasa
6435:House of Jagiellon
6309:House of Mindaugas
6266:House of Mindaugas
6234:House of Mindaugas
6103:Sigismund III Vasa
5954:Dukes of Pomerania
5884:Henry II the Pious
5799:Władysław I Herman
5777:Mieszko II Lambert
5627:Monarchs of Poland
5408:Ivan III the Great
5348:Andrey of Gorodets
5338:Vasily of Kostroma
4626:Władysław IV Vasa
4586:"Vasa's genealogy"
3862:The Rape of Europa
2757:, pp. 11, 18.
2081:John III of Sweden
2055:Gustav I of Sweden
1873:
1841:
1837:Sigismund's Column
1821:The Rape of Europa
1801:Sigismund's Column
1783:Bartłomiej Strobel
1736:
1653:
1586:
1503:(sister of future
1491:
1441:Cardinal Richelieu
1141:Cecilia Månsdotter
1116:
1011:
982:Military campaigns
942:
930:
781:
746:Polish–Ottoman War
719:
634:
579:Zygmunt Kazanowski
529:
503:Polish–Swedish War
485:his father to the
475:Sigismund III Vasa
423:in 1610, when the
99:Sigismund III Vasa
6610:
6609:
6592:
6591:
6558:
6557:
6530:John III Sobieski
6515:Ladislaus IV Vasa
6473:Polish–Lithuanian
6467:
6466:
6406:
6394:
6382:
6365:
6290:House of Monomakh
6251:
6250:
6165:
6164:
6123:John III Sobieski
6108:Władysław IV Vasa
6080:Elective monarchy
5964:Přemyslid dynasty
5879:Henry the Bearded
5593:
5592:
5393:Dmitry of the Don
5368:Alexander of Tver
5278:Yuri I Dolgorukiy
5224:
5223:
4951:King Charles XIII
4714:
4713:
4705:Succeeded by
4678:Succeeded by
4584:Marek, Miroslav.
4547:Media related to
4507:978-83-04-04058-8
3714:, pp. 69–70.
3104:, pp. 64–71.
3060:Wdowiszewski 2017
3035:, pp. 88–90.
3011:, pp. 80–81.
2948:, pp. 63–66.
2931:, pp. 56–59.
2834:, pp. 19–21.
2684:Ladislaus IV Vasa
2675:Vladislav IV Vaza
2672:
2663:Владислав IV Ваза
2642:Władysław IV Waza
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
1806:Kazanowski Palace
1794:Bartłomiej Pękiel
1771:Tommaso Dolabella
1690:Vilnius Cathedral
1626:Sigismund Casimir
1458:, similar to the
1456:order of chivalry
1452:Thirty Years' War
1421:
1420:
1364:Gustavus Adolphus
1330:Gustavus Adolphus
1297:Alexander Charles
1292:Charles Ferdinand
1081:Thirty Years' War
1035:Peace of Polyanov
1023:Treaty of Altmark
936:Władysław IV, by
803:, as seen in the
789:Gustavus Adolphus
739:Thirty Years' War
644:, capital of the
575:Andrzej Szołdrski
444:Commonwealth Navy
379:Władysław IV Vasa
376:
375:
359:Roman Catholicism
308:Sigismund Casimir
215:Vilnius Cathedral
77:8 November 1632 –
55:Peter Paul Rubens
42:Władysław IV Vasa
18:Władysław IV Waza
16:(Redirected from
6727:
6569:
6482:
6444:Casimir Jagellon
6400:
6388:
6376:
6359:
6262:
6230:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6169:
5939:Dukes of Kuyavia
5934:Dukes of Masovia
5919:Dukes of Silesia
5904:Henryk IV Probus
5864:Władysław Odonic
5854:Leszek the White
5620:
5613:
5606:
5597:
5503:
5388:Dmitry of Suzdal
5383:Ivan II the Fair
5378:Simeon the Proud
5333:Yaroslav of Tver
5328:Alexander Nevsky
5251:
5244:
5237:
5228:
4914:King Frederick I
4909:King Charles XII
4819:King Sigismund I
4769:Holstein-Gottorp
4740:
4733:
4726:
4717:
4688:Preceded by
4657:Preceded by
4647:
4640:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4589:
4578:Iter per Europam
4574:
4563:
4546:
4532:
4511:
4492:
4475:Jasienica, Paweł
4470:
4459:
4442:
4416:
4400:
4376:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4332:
4299:
4293:
4284:
4281:Kwiatkowski 1823
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4239:
4231:
4225:
4222:full text online
4219:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
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4128:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4032:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3988:
3979:
3973:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
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3853:
3847:
3838:
3832:
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3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
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3784:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3748:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3684:
3678:
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3666:
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3654:
3637:
3631:
3625:
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3607:
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3583:
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3571:
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3535:
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3200:
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3155:
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3117:Albertrandy 1846
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2746:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2711:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2650:Vladislovas Vaza
2635:
2599:
2582:
2558:
2036:
2027:
1962:, Grand Duke of
1893:Racovian Academy
1885:Senate of Poland
1584:
1581:
1509:Jerzy Ossoliński
1426:Axel Oxenstierna
1413:
1406:
1399:
1355:Charles X Gustav
1095:
964:Łukasz Opaliński
903:Truce of Altmark
847:Ambrosio Spinola
821:(Breslau), then
688:Truce of Deulino
664:Time of Troubles
531:The marriage of
527:
524:
401:. Born into the
372:
304:
286:
284:
261:
259:
255:
251:
187:
132:21 February 1613
80:
51:
39:
21:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6665:Swedish princes
6655:Tsars of Russia
6645:Kings of Poland
6615:
6614:
6611:
6606:
6588:
6554:
6505:Stephen Báthory
6475:
6463:
6429:
6327:
6303:
6284:
6247:
6219:
6218:
6199:
6196:
6166:
6161:
6147:
6098:Stephen Báthory
6088:Henry of Valois
6074:
6026:
6003:
5979:
5958:
5820:
5813:
5748:
5720:
5629:
5624:
5594:
5589:
5506:
5501:
5422:
5353:Mikhail of Tver
5260:
5255:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5199:
5188:16th generation
5183:
5167:15th generation
5162:
5151:14th generation
5146:
5115:13th generation
5110:
5084:12th generation
5079:
5048:11th generation
5043:
5024:King Charles XV
5017:10th generation
5012:
4991:
4960:
4946:King Gustav III
4934:
4918:
4897:
4893:King Charles XI
4881:
4845:
4807:
4803:King Charles IX
4776:
4749:
4747:Swedish princes
4744:
4710:
4701:
4693:
4683:
4681:John II Casimir
4674:
4669:
4662:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4613:
4605:
4600:Wayback Machine
4588:. Genealogy.EU.
4583:
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4307:
4302:
4296:Czapliński 1976
4294:
4287:
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4275:
4269:Czapliński 1976
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4008:
4006:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3967:
3961:Czapliński 1976
3959:
3955:
3949:Czapliński 1976
3947:
3943:
3937:Czapliński 1976
3935:
3931:
3925:Czapliński 1976
3923:
3916:
3910:Czapliński 1976
3908:
3904:
3898:Czapliński 1976
3896:
3892:
3886:Czapliński 1976
3884:
3880:
3874:Czapliński 1976
3872:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3850:Czapliński 1976
3848:
3841:
3835:Czapliński 1976
3833:
3829:
3823:Czapliński 1976
3821:
3817:
3811:Czapliński 1976
3809:
3805:
3801:, pp. 3–4.
3797:
3793:
3787:Czapliński 1976
3785:
3778:
3772:Czapliński 1976
3770:
3766:
3760:Czapliński 1976
3758:
3751:
3745:Czapliński 1976
3743:
3730:
3724:Czapliński 1976
3722:
3718:
3712:Czapliński 1976
3710:
3706:
3700:Czapliński 1976
3698:
3687:
3681:Czapliński 1976
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3657:Czapliński 1976
3655:
3640:
3634:Czapliński 1976
3632:
3628:
3622:Czapliński 1976
3620:
3616:
3610:Czapliński 1976
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3601:
3595:Czapliński 1976
3593:
3586:
3580:Czapliński 1976
3578:
3574:
3568:Czapliński 1976
3566:
3562:
3556:Czapliński 1976
3554:
3550:
3544:Czapliński 1976
3542:
3538:
3532:Czapliński 1976
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3523:
3517:Czapliński 1976
3515:
3511:
3505:Czapliński 1976
3503:
3499:
3493:Czapliński 1976
3491:
3487:
3481:Czapliński 1976
3479:
3472:
3466:Czapliński 1976
3464:
3460:
3454:Czapliński 1976
3452:
3445:
3439:Czapliński 1976
3437:
3428:
3422:Czapliński 1976
3420:
3416:
3410:Czapliński 1976
3408:
3404:
3398:Czapliński 1976
3396:
3389:
3383:Czapliński 1976
3381:
3377:
3371:Czapliński 1976
3369:
3365:
3359:Czapliński 1976
3357:
3353:
3347:Czapliński 1976
3345:
3341:
3335:Czapliński 1976
3333:
3326:
3320:Czapliński 1976
3318:
3311:
3305:Czapliński 1976
3303:
3299:
3293:Czapliński 1976
3291:
3287:
3281:Czapliński 1976
3279:
3275:
3269:Czapliński 1976
3267:
3263:
3257:Czapliński 1976
3255:
3251:
3245:Czapliński 1976
3243:
3239:
3233:Czapliński 1976
3231:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3203:Czapliński 1976
3201:
3197:
3191:Czapliński 1976
3189:
3185:
3169:
3158:
3150:
3135:
3129:Czapliński 1976
3127:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3102:Czapliński 1959
3100:
3093:
3087:Czapliński 1976
3085:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3048:Czapliński 1976
3046:
3039:
3033:Czapliński 1976
3031:
3027:
3021:Czapliński 1976
3019:
3015:
3009:Czapliński 1976
3007:
3003:
2997:Czapliński 1976
2995:
2991:
2983:
2964:
2958:Czapliński 1976
2956:
2952:
2946:Czapliński 1976
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2935:
2929:Czapliński 1976
2927:
2923:
2915:
2906:
2900:Czapliński 1976
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2894:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2867:
2859:
2850:
2844:Czapliński 1976
2842:
2838:
2832:Czapliński 1976
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2808:Czapliński 1976
2806:
2797:
2789:
2778:
2772:Czapliński 1976
2770:
2761:
2755:Czapliński 1976
2753:
2749:
2743:Czapliński 1976
2741:
2734:
2727:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2660:; Russian:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2594:
2577:
2553:
2548:
2526:
2521:
2381:Anne of Austria
2024:
1943:
1830:
1779:Wilhelm Hondius
1718:
1702:
1638:
1582:
1517:Kasper Doenhoff
1472:
1417:
1335:Maria Elizabeth
1282:John II Casimir
1098:Swedish Royalty
1093:
1031:Bishop of Płock
984:
972:Wawel Cathedral
922:
920:King-Grand Duke
911:royal elections
899:battle of Gniew
861:Pope Urban VIII
825:, where he met
708:
692:Michael Romanov
632:Young Władysław
626:
560:Urszula Meierin
533:Anne of Austria
525:
515:
491:King Charles IX
471:
414:Anna of Austria
349:Anne of Austria
312:
310:
298:
297:
289:
288:
285: 1646)
280:
276:
273:
263:
247:
243:
240:
222:
207:Wawel Cathedral
189:
185:
165:
131:
90:6 February 1633
78:
66:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6733:
6731:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6675:Dukes of Opole
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6617:
6616:
6608:
6607:
6599:Titular rulers
6597:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6578:
6576:
6573:House of Urach
6566:
6560:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6491:
6489:
6479:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6440:
6438:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6395:
6383:
6371:
6366:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6286:
6285:
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6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6093:Anna Jagiellon
6090:
6084:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5990:
5988:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:Wenceslaus III
5973:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5825:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5726:Proto-historic
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5470:
5465:
5462:False Dmitry I
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5358:Yuri of Moscow
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
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5280:
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5176:
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5154:
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5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4996:9th generation
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4965:8th generation
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4939:7th generation
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4923:6th generation
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4902:5th generation
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4886:4th generation
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4850:3rd generation
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4812:2nd generation
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4781:1st generation
4778:
4777:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4698:Tsar of Russia
4694:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4676:
4667:King of Poland
4663:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4652:Regnal titles
4649:
4648:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4590:
4581:
4575:
4552:
4538:
4537:External links
4535:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4512:
4506:
4493:
4487:
4471:
4460:
4443:
4437:
4417:
4401:
4377:
4361:
4348:
4333:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4285:
4283:, p. 359.
4273:
4261:
4226:
4200:
4180:
4165:, ed. (1911).
4163:Chisholm, Hugh
4154:
4129:
4112:
4079:
4072:
4054:
4016:
3980:
3965:
3963:, p. 125.
3953:
3941:
3929:
3927:, p. 124.
3914:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3866:
3854:
3852:, p. 327.
3839:
3837:, p. 329.
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3776:
3774:, p. 123.
3764:
3762:, p. 323.
3749:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3702:, p. 122.
3685:
3673:
3661:
3638:
3636:, p. 379.
3626:
3614:
3599:
3584:
3582:, p. 359.
3572:
3570:, p. 357.
3560:
3548:
3546:, p. 347.
3536:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3485:
3483:, p. 336.
3470:
3468:, p. 218.
3458:
3443:
3441:, p. 214.
3426:
3414:
3402:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3361:, p. 224.
3351:
3339:
3337:, p. 213.
3324:
3309:
3297:
3295:, p. 202.
3285:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3222:
3218:Jasienica 1982
3207:
3205:, p. 169.
3195:
3193:, p. 170.
3183:
3175:Rzeczpospolita
3156:
3152:Gierowski 1979
3133:
3121:
3106:
3091:
3076:
3074:, p. 206.
3064:
3062:, p. 224.
3052:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2962:
2950:
2933:
2921:
2904:
2892:
2877:
2865:
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2836:
2824:
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2795:
2776:
2759:
2747:
2732:
2725:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2687:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2540:Golden Liberty
2537:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
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2279:
2277:
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2264:
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2255:
2252:
2251:
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2239:
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2229:
2226:
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2209:
2206:
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2203:
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2178:
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2144:
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2135:
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2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2016:King of Sweden
2012:
2011:
1956:
1942:
1939:
1935:Maciej Rosalak
1912:King of Sweden
1889:Union of Brest
1829:
1826:
1792:, seconded by
1717:
1714:
1701:
1698:
1678:His heart and
1637:
1634:
1605:, daughter of
1549:duchy of Opole
1471:
1468:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:Charles Philip
1340:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
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1190:
1185:
1180:
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1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1136:Erik Johansson
1133:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1050:Ottoman Empire
983:
980:
956:pacta conventa
951:pacta conventa
938:Pieter Soutman
921:
918:
725:), he went to
707:
704:
660:Vasily Shuysky
650:Vilnius Castle
625:
622:
590:Kraków Academy
514:
511:
487:Swedish throne
470:
467:
448:Ottoman Empire
387:King of Poland
374:
373:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
326:
320:
319:
317:(illegitimate)
305:
291:
290:
278:
274:
269:
268:
267:
266:
245:
241:
236:
235:
234:
233:
230:
228:
224:
223:
205:
203:
199:
198:
188:(aged 52)
182:
178:
177:
162:
158:
157:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:19 July 1610 –
128:
124:
123:
116:Tsar of Russia
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
64:King of Poland
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6732:
6721:
6720:Sons of kings
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6660:House of Vasa
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6613:
6604:
6600:
6595:
6585:
6584:
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6577:
6574:
6570:
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6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:John I Albert
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5986:Piast dynasty
5982:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:Wenceslaus II
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5819:Fragmentation
5816:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5754:Piast dynasty
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5580:Alexander III
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:King Gustaf V
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:King Oscar II
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:King John III
4791:
4789:
4788:King Eric XIV
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4761:House of Vasa
4758:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4686:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4660:Sigismund III
4655:
4650:
4645:
4638:
4633:
4632:
4631:House of Vasa
4623:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4568:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4528:9788377302262
4524:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4488:83-06-00788-3
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4438:83-01-00172-0
4434:
4430:
4427:(in Polish).
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4365:Bohun, Tomasz
4362:
4351:
4349:9788311115996
4345:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4271:, p. 55.
4270:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4210:"Albrecht V."
4204:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4101:. p. 139
4100:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4073:9789151839042
4069:
4065:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4005:. p. 779
4004:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3671:, p. 23.
3670:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3050:, p. 95.
3049:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3023:, p. 84.
3022:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2999:, p. 74.
2998:
2993:
2990:
2987:, p. 12.
2986:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2960:, p. 70.
2959:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2919:, p. 11.
2918:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:, p. 52.
2901:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:, p. 11.
2874:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2846:, p. 23.
2845:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2810:, p. 22.
2809:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2774:, p. 18.
2773:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2745:, p. 11.
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:9789004231214
2722:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:Marco Scacchi
1788:
1787:kapellmeister
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:Warsaw castle
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:kidney stones
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1478:(daughter of
1477:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:House of Vasa
1101:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:. During the
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:Mikhail Shein
997:
993:
989:
981:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
939:
934:
926:
919:
917:
914:
912:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
806:
802:
796:
794:
790:
786:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
717:
712:
705:
703:
701:
695:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
630:
623:
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:House of Vasa
534:
519:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
499:House of Vasa
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:King Gustav I
476:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
438:He supported
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
408:
407:Sigismund III
404:
403:House of Vasa
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
371:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
327:
325:
321:
318:
315:
309:
306:
303:
302:
296:
292:
272:
265:
264:
239:
232:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6612:
6602:
6583:Mindaugas II
6581:
6514:
6477:Commonwealth
6155:
6138:Augustus III
6107:
5915:
5826:
5781:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5575:Alexander II
5555:Catherine II
5473:
5472:
5460:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5008:King Oscar I
4856:
4696:
4665:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4571:
4565:
4517:
4497:
4478:
4465:
4447:
4424:
4412:
4408:
4388:
4384:
4372:
4368:
4353:. Retrieved
4338:
4323:
4305:Bibliography
4276:
4264:
4251:
4245:
4229:
4220:; (
4213:
4203:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4172:
4157:
4145:. Retrieved
4139:
4132:
4123:
4115:
4103:. Retrieved
4092:
4082:
4063:
4057:
4044:
4038:
4007:. Retrieved
3996:
3978:, p. 3.
3956:
3944:
3932:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3869:
3857:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3767:
3719:
3707:
3676:
3664:
3629:
3617:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3461:
3417:
3405:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3264:
3252:
3240:
3198:
3186:
3170:
3124:
3067:
3055:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2953:
2924:
2895:
2890:, p. 9.
2868:
2863:, p. 8.
2839:
2827:
2822:, p. 5.
2815:
2793:, p. 4.
2750:
2715:
2709:
2690:
2633:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2258:
2013:
1951:
1941:Royal titles
1927:Smolensk War
1924:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1874:
1862:Władysławowo
1846:
1842:
1819:
1809:
1798:
1768:
1752:amphitheater
1737:
1707:
1703:
1679:
1677:
1654:
1644:
1623:
1611:
1600:
1587:
1555:in Silesia (
1537:Siegmund III
1492:
1473:
1449:
1430:
1422:
1372:
1349:
1319:
1277:Władysław IV
1276:
1271:
1238:
1210:
1147:
1130:
1073:
1047:
1038:
1012:
996:Smolensk War
985:
967:
955:
949:
943:
915:
907:
888:
869:
851:
816:
808:coat of arms
797:
793:Swedish Navy
782:
768:
758:peace treaty
743:
720:
696:
684:
679:
668:
655:Seven boyars
653:
635:
609:vivente rege
607:
601:
594:
586:Piotr Skarga
583:
565:Władysław's
564:
557:
553:Wawel Castle
530:
472:
452:
437:
433:Smolensk War
421:Seven Boyars
418:
382:
378:
377:
316:
299:
186:(1648-05-20)
119:
53:Portrait by
36:
6630:1648 deaths
6625:1595 births
6488:(1569–1795)
6437:(1440–1569)
6420:Švitrigaila
6335:(1285–1440)
6311:(1269–1285)
6292:(1267–1269)
6268:(1263–1267)
6236:(1236–1263)
6133:Stanisław I
5909:Przemysł II
5585:Nicholas II
5565:Alexander I
5525:Catherine I
5502:(co-rulers)
4646:20 May 1648
4639:9 June 1595
4614:(in Polish)
4606:(in Polish)
4120:Sigismund I
4089:"Margareta"
3179:Mówią Wieki
3072:Besala 2009
2233:Bona Sforza
1953:Moschoviae.
1811:Villa Regia
1760:cartography
1686:St. Casimir
1609:, in 1646.
1583: 1640
1576:Frans Luycx
1563:estates of
1498:Archduchess
1287:John Albert
662:during the
526: 1605
184:20 May 1648
164:9 June 1595
137:Predecessor
95:Predecessor
79:20 May 1648
6619:Categories
6342:Butigeidis
6280:Vaišvilkas
6050:Casimir IV
5693:Leszko III
5570:Nicholas I
5490:Feodor III
5413:Vasily III
4773:Bernadotte
4771:; and the
4702:1610–1613
4675:1632–1648
4309:See also:
4256:Wikisource
4049:Wikisource
3669:Rożek 1995
2702:References
2646:Lithuanian
2610:rheumatism
1828:Assessment
1816:Guido Reni
1725:Loving cup
1673:last rites
1661:gallstones
1539:'s wives:
1513:Franciscan
1311:Charles IX
1193:Charles IX
1039:status quo
723:Dymitriads
567:Hofmeister
507:the Deluge
463:the Deluge
86:Coronation
6449:Alexander
6410:Skirgaila
6357:Gediminas
6323:Daumantas
6318:Traidenis
6243:Mindaugas
6060:Alexander
5984:Restored
5916:See also:
5762:Mieszko I
5744:Siemomysł
5711:Chościsko
5706:Popiel II
5686:Leszko II
5658:Krakus II
5635:Legendary
5550:Peter III
5545:Elizabeth
5474:Vladislav
5468:Vasili IV
5456:Feodor II
4759:, of the
4708:Michael I
4691:Vasili IV
4593:Testimony
4397:577964149
4355:6 January
4197:: 97–113.
2669:romanized
2620:Footnotes
1996:Chernigov
1980:Samogitia
1964:Lithuania
1854:artillery
1716:Patronage
1710:courtiers
1700:Character
1669:last will
1545:Konstance
1525:Ratyzbona
1470:Marriages
1433:Habsburgs
1387:Christina
1378:Christina
1339:Christina
1325:Catherine
1263:Sigismund
1244:Sigismund
1188:Elizabeth
1163:Catherine
1019:artillery
940:, c. 1634
731:Habsburgs
541:Habsburgs
513:Childhood
509:of 1655.
483:succeeded
365:Signature
195:Lithuania
151:Michael I
147:Successor
141:Vasili IV
105:Successor
6415:Vytautas
6398:Kęstutis
6374:Algirdas
6369:Jaunutis
6347:Butvydas
6275:Treniota
5874:Konrad I
5804:Zbigniew
5734:Siemowit
5700:Popiel I
5679:Leszko I
5651:Krakus I
5530:Peter II
5441:Feodor I
5398:Vasily I
4757:Gustav I
4596:Archived
4558:(1911).
4477:(1982).
4456:12805200
4423:(1979).
4407:(1976).
4383:(1959).
4147:29 April
2524:See also
2022:Ancestry
1988:Smolensk
1968:Ruthenia
1897:Cossacks
1877:tolerant
1651:' studio
1615:Cossacks
1561:Bohemian
1553:Racibórz
1373:Children
1350:Grandson
1320:Children
1272:Children
1239:Children
1230:John III
1211:Children
1202:Eric XIV
1158:John III
1153:Eric XIV
1148:Children
1122:Gustav I
1091:Politics
1067:and the
1065:Cossacks
1015:infantry
992:Smolensk
968:szlachta
865:Florence
735:Hussites
604:szlachta
571:Prussian
355:Religion
221:(heart).
120:disputed
6603:italics
6601:are in
6486:Elected
6386:Jogaila
6352:Vytenis
6156:Italics
6022:Jadwiga
5772:Bezprym
5665:Lech II
5540:Ivan VI
5520:Peter I
5495:Peter I
5480:Michael
5418:Ivan IV
4244:(ed.).
4122:at the
4037:(ed.).
2654:Swedish
2606:obesity
2008:Vandals
1992:Severia
1984:Livonia
1976:Masovia
1972:Prussia
1764:Galileo
1748:Baroque
1745:Flemish
1681:viscera
1657:Merkinė
1445:Silesia
1168:Cecilia
1131:Parents
893:in the
845:he met
841:. Near
835:Antwerp
819:Wrocław
737:in the
727:Silesia
676:kopecks
642:Vilnius
547:, near
497:of the
287:
279:
275:
262:
246:
242:
227:Spouses
219:Vilnius
57:(1620s)
6575:(1918)
6403:family
6391:family
6379:family
6362:family
6299:Shvarn
5821:period
5739:Lestek
5644:Lech I
5560:Paul I
5499:Ivan V
5485:Alexis
5373:Ivan I
5270:Moscow
4642:
4525:
4504:
4485:
4454:
4435:
4395:
4346:
4105:7 June
4070:
4009:7 June
2723:
2638:Polish
2614:kidney
2602:kamica
2000:Swedes
1960:Poland
1931:burned
1733:Vienna
1649:Rubens
1630:Kraków
1565:Třeboň
1533:zlotys
1521:Polish
1464:Gdańsk
1221:Gustav
1216:Sigrid
1183:Sophia
1173:Magnus
1069:Tatars
1058:hetman
1043:rubles
1029:, the
976:Kraków
966:, the
891:Swedes
876:Venice
854:hetman
839:Rubens
823:Munich
805:Vasa's
785:Gdańsk
777:Warsaw
754:Chocim
706:Prince
618:rokosz
549:Kraków
545:Łobzów
481:, had
399:Russia
395:Sweden
345:Mother
335:Father
301:Detail
252:
211:Kraków
202:Burial
191:Merecz
171:Poland
167:Łobzów
5672:Wanda
5451:Boris
5446:Irina
4644:Died:
4637:Born:
4411:[
4387:[
4250:[
4240:. In
4043:[
4033:. In
2680:Latin
2625:Notes
2546:Notes
2004:Goths
1948:Latin
1905:duchy
1850:pikes
1756:genre
1636:Death
1596:Toruń
1529:dowry
974:, in
872:Genoa
843:Breda
833:; in
801:sheaf
324:House
295:Issue
281:(
277:
260:)
248:(
244:
127:Reign
74:Reign
5535:Anna
5497:and
5268:and
4523:ISBN
4502:ISBN
4483:ISBN
4452:OCLC
4433:ISBN
4393:OCLC
4357:2021
4344:ISBN
4313:and
4149:2018
4107:2018
4068:ISBN
4011:2018
3177:and
2721:ISBN
2612:and
2569:tsar
2473:15.
2415:14.
2353:13.
2295:12.
2231:11.
2173:10.
2006:and
1994:and
1808:and
1551:and
1543:and
1541:Anna
1254:John
1249:Anna
1178:Anna
1017:and
944:The
880:Pisa
874:and
700:sejm
624:Tsar
469:Life
410:Vasa
397:and
329:Vasa
258:1644
254:1624
181:Died
161:Born
4329:164
2441:7.
2379:3.
2321:6.
2257:1.
2199:5.
2137:2.
2111:9.
2079:4.
2053:8.
1950:: "
1946:In
1818:'s
1731:in
1688:of
1663:or
870:In
791:'s
666:.
620:).
581:.
381:or
6621::
4767:,
4564:.
4431:.
4373:23
4288:^
4212:,
4195:23
4193:.
4171:.
4091:.
4019:^
3995:.
3983:^
3968:^
3917:^
3842:^
3779:^
3752:^
3731:^
3688:^
3641:^
3602:^
3587:^
3524:^
3473:^
3446:^
3429:^
3390:^
3327:^
3312:^
3225:^
3210:^
3159:^
3136:^
3109:^
3094:^
3079:^
3040:^
2965:^
2936:^
2907:^
2880:^
2851:^
2798:^
2779:^
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2682::
2678:;
2666:,
2656::
2652:;
2648::
2644:;
2640::
2608:,
2571:.
2002:,
1990:,
1986:,
1982:,
1978:,
1974:,
1970:,
1966:,
1824:.
1796:.
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1773:,
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