611:), also known as the "Eight Nots," or "Eight Prohibitions Society (八不會 Babu hui). Wu felt that the new Republic must not be menaced by the social decadence of the late Qing, evils which ranged from mah-jong and stag parties to taking second wives. True to its anarchist principles, there was no president or officers, no regulations or means to enforce them, and no dues or fines. Each level of membership, however, had increasingly rigorous requirements. "Supporting members," the lowest level, agreed not to visit prostitutes and not to gamble. "General members" agreed in addition not to take concubines. The next higher level further agreed not to become government officials — "Someone has to watch over officials" — not to become members of parliament, and not to smoke. Finally, the highest level also promised to abstain from alcohol and meat.
588:
639:
974:
575:(GMD), in 1905. Wu declared himself an anarchist the next year. He later founded influential revolutionary organizations like the Society to Advance Morality and supervised radical journals like New Era and Labor, China's first syndicalist magazine. He promoted science, rationalism, language reform, and the abolition of marriage. His ideas were revolutionary, but he estimated that it would take 3,000 years to achieve his vision of a utopian society. Wu was instrumental in the
986:
50:
998:
556:, well-connected son of a prosperous merchant. Although Wu was their elder by more than a decade, the three young scholars, although well-versed in the Confucian philosophy which dominated Chinese thought, were impressed by the doctrines of
614:
While declining to hold office, Wu did accept Cai
Yuanpei's offer join the commission on language reform, beginning work on a phonetic system for writing which would replace regional dialects. This work eventually resulted in the Guoyu
646:
In the 1920s, along with Li
Shizeng, Zhan Renjie, and Cai Yuanpei, was one of the so-called "Four Elders" of the GMD and led the anti-communist campaign which drove leftists and communists from the party and supported
668:
In 1946, Wu was elected to the
National Assembly, which drew up a new constitution. He administered the oath of office to Chiang Kai-shek in May 1948, shortly before the government left the mainland for Taiwan.
654:
In 1943, National
Government Chairman Lin Sen died in provisional wartime capital of Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek inviting Wu to be the new president, but Wu declined, citing "three no's":
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664:
My people love to laugh. To see something funny makes me laugh, When foreign diplomats deliver credentials, I could not help but laugh. This would not be decent.
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1098:
544:
After this incident, Wu fled by way of Hong Kong to London. His official status enabled him to travel and live in
Scotland and France. He attended
1113:
1073:
1048:
635:
failed, Wu and Li
Shizeng for safety returned to France. Li and Wu founded the University of Lyon-France and launched the Work-Study movement.
587:
907:
1083:
1063:
576:
1108:
1088:
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1068:
952:
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1043:
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newspaper, Wu criticized the Qing government and derided then ruling
Empress Dowager Cixi as a "withered old hag" and a "whore."
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at the age of 88. Chiang Ching-kuo carried out Wu's directive that his ashes be lowered into the sea off the island of
638:
1038:
632:
532:
545:
1023:
1018:
912:. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, Institute of International Studies, University of California.
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I usually wear very casual clothes, but the heads of state wear tuxedos. I would feel uncomfortable.
564:(World Society), which became a center of anarchist thought and recruitment for several decades.
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in France. Among his students were a large group of anarchists – and future communists.
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system which is widely used today. In June 1913, Wu was one of the founders of the journal
648:
24:
651:. In accordance with his anarchist principles, Wu Zhihui declined any government office.
344:
209:
548:
lectures in
Edinburgh. In 1903, he went to Paris, where he renewed his friendship with
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482:. With them, he was known as one of the strongly anti-communist "Four Elders" of the
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421:
978:
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Delivering
Ceremony of the Republic of China Constitution Wu and Chiang Kai-shek
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during his stay in France in the first decade of the 20th century, along with
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He served at the
Nanyang College Preparatory School Hall (now the Shanghai
945:
Imperfect Understanding: Intimate Portraits of Modern Chinese Celebrities
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which flourished in France. Together with Li and Zhang, he formed the
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78:
524:), Wu Zhihui was an outstanding student, passing the challenging
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Wu, Zhang Renjie, and Li Shizeng, proprietors of Xin Shijie
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The Age of Irreverence: A New History of Laughter in China
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The Age of Irreverence: A New History of Laughter in China
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organized The Society to Advance Morality (Jinde hui,
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Biographical Dictionary of Republican China Vol III
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International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
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57:The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries
906:Scalapino, Robert A. and George T. Yu (1961).
676:and was the teacher of Chiang Kai-shek's son,
449:Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation
305:
291:
170:
156:
8:
848:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
583:Return to China and allegiance to Kuomintang
16:Chinese linguist and philosopher (1865-1953)
869:. Oakland: University of California Press.
720:, used in the League of Nations documents (
1104:Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
447:who was the chairman of the 1912–13
314:
179:
37:
773:
595:Soon after their return in 1912, Wu, Li,
969:
926:. New York: Columbia University Press.
924:Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture
890:. New York: Columbia University Press.
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710:
797:
785:
761:
365:
230:
1029:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
7:
943:Wen, Yuan-ning; et al. (2018).
699:(Collected Works of Mr. Wu Chih-hui)
846:Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution
749:(U. California Press, 2015), p. 99.
577:Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement
1094:20th-century Chinese calligraphers
14:
1099:20th-century Chinese philosophers
996:
984:
972:
886:Boorman, Howard L., ed. (1970).
48:
661:My ugly face, like a big shock.
388:
253:
947:. Amherst, MA: Cambria Press.
909:The Chinese Anarchist Movement
838:References and further reading
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1:
1114:Taiwanese people from Jiangsu
1074:People of the 1911 Revolution
1049:Chinese expatriates in France
631:) When in 1913 Sun Yat-sen's
435:; 1865–1953), also known as
494:Born into a poor family in
1140:
1084:Politicians from Changzhou
1064:Members of Academia Sinica
922:Zarrow, Peter Gue (1990).
459:'s work) and standardized
18:
1109:Scientists from Changzhou
1089:Qing dynasty philosophers
1079:Philosophers from Jiangsu
1069:Members of the Kuomintang
863:Rea, Christopher (2015).
628:
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573:Chinese Nationalist Party
567:Together they joined the
533:Nanyang Model High School
432:
420:), commonly known by his
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287:Traditional Chinese
152:Traditional Chinese
1044:Chinese anti-communists
881:, chapter 4: "Mockery".
571:, the precursor to the
301:Simplified Chinese
166:Simplified Chinese
1124:Writers from Changzhou
1034:Artists from Changzhou
941:"Mr. Wu Chih-hui," in
643:
592:
916:The Anarchist Library
844:Dirlik, Arif (1991).
641:
590:
528:examination in 1891.
1059:Linguists from China
1054:Chinese Nationalists
1119:Tongmenghui members
959:, pp. 185–186.
902:, pp. 416–419.
133:Yuan Rongqing (袁榮慶)
1039:Chinese anarchists
884:"Wu Chih-hui," in
815:, p. 418-419.
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593:
535:). In 1903 in the
54:Wu as pictured in
745:Christopher Rea,
633:Second Revolution
484:Nationalist Party
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463:pronunciation.
427:(Woo Chih-hui,
120:Political party
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94:30 October 1953
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828:Boorman (1970)
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813:Boorman (1970)
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621:Public Opinion
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457:Zhang Binglin
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451:that created
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422:courtesy name
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68:25 March 1865
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672:He moved to
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653:
645:
620:
617:Zhuyin fuhao
613:
601:Wang Jingwei
594:
566:
561:
554:Zhang Renjie
543:
536:
530:
519:
503:
502:province as
493:
476:Zhang Renjie
465:
436:
424:
409:
408:
376:Southern Min
331:Hanyu Pinyin
281:Chinese name
241:Southern Min
196:Hanyu Pinyin
146:Chinese name
96:(1953-10-30)
55:
35:
28:
21:Chinese name
1024:1953 deaths
1019:1865 births
569:Tongmenghui
480:Cai Yuanpei
445:philosopher
410:Wu Jingheng
337:Wú Jìnghéng
254:Ngôo Tī-hui
216:Wu Chih-hui
25:family name
1013:Categories
933:0231071388
897:0231045581
855:0520072979
718:Wu Shi-Fee
562:Shijie She
550:Li Shizeng
546:university
472:Li Shizeng
455:(based on
437:Wu Shi-Fee
345:Wade–Giles
210:Wade–Giles
124:Kuomintang
72:1865-03-25
1003:Biography
991:Anarchism
705:Footnotes
558:anarchism
468:anarchist
425:Wu Zhihui
202:Wú Zhìhuī
42:Wu Zhihui
597:Zhang Ji
441:linguist
114:Bopomofo
104:, Taiwan
19:In this
965:Portals
625:Chinese
605:Chinese
521:Wú Tiǎo
508:Chinese
504:Wu Tiao
500:Jiangsu
429:Chinese
414:Chinese
70: (
951:
930:
894:
873:
852:
697:吳稚暉先生集
686:Quemoy
682:Taipei
674:Taiwan
627::
607::
599:, and
518::
516:pinyin
510::
490:Career
478:, and
453:Zhuyin
431::
416::
383:Tâi-lô
248:Tâi-lô
130:Spouse
102:Taipei
23:, the
979:China
692:Works
538:Subao
526:Juren
496:Wujin
461:Guoyu
85:China
79:Wujin
949:ISBN
928:ISBN
892:ISBN
871:ISBN
850:ISBN
443:and
91:Died
83:Qing
65:Born
609:進德會
433:吳稚暉
418:吳敬恆
359:IPA
307:吴敬恒
293:吳敬恆
224:IPA
172:吴稚晖
158:吳稚暉
27:is
1015::
820:^
805:^
754:^
724:).
688:.
629:公論
514:;
512:吳朓
498:,
474:,
81:,
30:Wu
967::
957:.
938:.
936:.
918:.
900:.
879:.
858:.
776:.
623:(
506:(
412:(
74:)
33:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
