688:), an important city to the north of the Yangtze River. Wuzhu intended to cross the river from Caishiji (in present-day Anhui Province), but was blocked by the Song troops from Taipingzhou (太平州) at the ferry, and could not cross the river for three days. So Wuzhu turned to Majiadu (馬家渡) and beat the garrison, beheading the Song general Chen Cui (陳淬). In November, Wuzhu crossed the river and defeated the Song troops led by Du Chong (杜充), capturing Jiankang (present-day
739:'s troops. The navy led by Han Shizhong had huge and lofty warships which were guarding the estuary, preventing Jin troops from crossing. Jin troops had less and smaller battleships and were not good at battles on water, though they outnumbered their enemies. At the beginning, Jin troops suffered great losses, and Wuzhu still could not cross the river after a stalemate for 48 days. His troops had to penetrate up the river to Jiankang. When they got to
42:
803:, Shaanxi Province), he met heavy resistance by the Song generals Wu Jie and Wu Lin. Wuzhu lost almost half of his troops and was shot by an arrow, which became his biggest failure since he started serving the military. Two years later in November, Wuzhu's troops marched again and this time they defeated Wu Lin and captured Heshangyuan. In February the next year, Wuzhu sent out troops but was defeated by Wu Jie. In March he returned to Yanjing.
810:, accepted Wuzhu's proposal and declared war against the Song dynasty again. The Jurchen troops invaded the area, which had been given back to the Song dynasty in Henan and Shaanxi provinces. Because many of the generals used to be Jin officers, they soon surrendered and within one month the Jin dynasty captured most of the area as mentioned before. In that case, Yue Fei and other generals had to retreat to the south of Yingchang (present-day
708:, Zhejiang Province). Wuzhu sent Ali (阿里) and Puluhun (蒲盧渾) as the spearhead with 4,000 veteran soldiers to chase Emperor Gaozong, and sent another two generals to capture Yuezhou with dramatic swiftness. Ali's army approached Mingzhou after successive victories, and Emperor Gaozong had to escape by sea. Soon afterwards Wuzhu rushed to Mingzhou and captured it. Ali and Puluhun sailed across the sea to Changguo County (present-day
652:, Henan Province) instead after realising they had insufficient supplies. The Jin army's vanguard, commanded by Wulinda Taiyu (烏林答泰欲), defeated a 200,000-strong Song army led by Wang Shan (王善) and conquered Puzhou along with five counties in the vicinity. Wuzhu personally led his troops into battle during the subsequent attacks on Kaide Prefecture (開德府) and Daming Prefecture (大名府; in present-day
826:, Anhui Province), and got a worse defeat by Yue Fei in Yancheng (in present-day Henan Province) and Yingchang. Wuzhu was within an inch of being captured. The situation was very good for Song dynasty, and Yue Fei was going to recapture the area in Henan and Hebei. But Emperor Gaozong commanded Yue Fei to go back to the capital, so the army of Song retreated from Henan.
893:(太師; Grand Tutor). After the Shaoxing Treaty, Wuzhu stuck to the treaty terms, and advocated to wait until everything was ready to destroy the Song dynasty in a very short time. And in that case, in the later 20 years, there were few wars between the two empires, which was positive to their development of economy and culture.
485:(斡離不; Wanyan Zongwang) and Wuzhu led an army to attack the Liao emperor in the hope of catching him off guard. During the battle, Wuzhu, after expending all his arrows, seized a Liao soldier's weapon and continued fighting. He killed eight enemy soldiers and captured five, and became famous after the battle.
752:
gave him a suggestion of shooting flaming arrows into the sails of the warships, which could not move without wind. Wuzhu followed his advice and made flaming arrows that very night. On a still sunny day, Wuzhu carried out the scheme and succeeded. Countless Song soldiers were burnt to death or
877:
by his side. Wuzhu wanted to go back to his own mansion. At the farewell dinner, Wanyan Xiyin and Wuzhu had an unhappy conversation, which made Wuzhu very angry. The next day when Wuzhu said goodbye to the empress, he told the details that Wanyan Xiyin was up to no good. After his leaving, the
829:
Wuzhu had never given up the idea of being bounded on the Huai River with Song forces, though he had met with severe defeat. In
February 1141, he captured Luzhou and fought a battle with Song forces in Tuogao (in present-day Anhui Province), but was severely defeated. Wuzhu exploited
383:. In 1137, in recognition of his contributions in battle, he was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (瀋王). In the final decade of his life, he was appointed to several high-ranking positions in the Jin imperial court, including Left
878:
empress told everything to
Emperor Xizong. The emperor recalled Wuzhu back and permitted him to kill Wanyan Xiyin. Wuzhu forced Wanyan Xiyin and his two sons to commit suicide, and killed Xiao Qing and his son. The next year, Wuzhu was appointed as Left Chancellor and
834:, the Song chancellor, to kill Yue Fei, and later declared that he was willing to keep peace with the Song dynasty. Emperor Gaozong agreed to have peace talks with the Jin dynasty, and the next year the two countries signed a peace agreement, which is called the "
610:. In the first month of 1128, when Eliduo and his army were planning to retreat after successfully suppressing the rebellions, they were ambushed at Qinghe (青河) by a 30,000-strong Song army. Wuzhu led the attack on the enemy and killed thousands of them.
676:), and the Song generals guarding the city surrendered just before his troops attacked. The cities and towns Wuzhu passed through were all easily captured or gave up without a struggle. Wuzhu kept carrying his victorious arms to the north bank of the
586:
In the eighth month of 1126, Wuzhu accompanied Wolibu to attack the Song dynasty. By the fourth month of the following year, Jin forces had conquered
Bianjing and captured the Song emperors Huizong and Qinzong. This event, historically known as the
464:
In the spring of 1114, Aguda united the
Jurchen tribes under his leadership and started a rebellion against the Liao dynasty. In 1117, after the Jurchens had conquered several Liao cities, Aguda declared himself emperor and established the
865:
Later, Wuzhu was appointed as
Marshal of the Capital (都元帥) and "Prince of Yue" (越王). In 1140, Wuzhu found evidence that Talan had connections with the Song dynasty. Emperor Xizong made Wuzhu kill Talan, after which appointed Wuzhu as
731:. Before leaving, he committed Lin'an, which was a city steeped in history, to the flames, and his troops burnt, killed and looted on their way, which became a calamity for the people in Jiangnan. In March, Wuzhu's army arrived in
798:
In
January, 1131, Eliduo went back to Yanjing, and Wuzhu took the lead of the armies of Shaanxi. In September, Wuzhu led his soldiers to invade Sichuan Province. While he made his way through Heshangyuan (southeast of present-day
554:
on fire. The Jin officer
Helusuo (合魯索) led 70 horsemen to cross the river at a shallow point and killed 500 Song soldiers burning the bridges. Wolibu sent Wu Xiaomin (吳孝民) as a messenger to the Song capital, Bianjing (present-day
747:
and finally enabled them to escape back to
Jiankang. Since Han Shizhong pursued to Jiankang and blockaded the river with warships, Wuzhu posted a reward for the scheme to destroy the warships to cross the river. A man from
791:, they finally got through the close siege. With the recovery of Jin troops, the commander of Song troops got afraid and deserted on the eve of battle, which led to the failure of the Song. Not long after the battle in
667:
sent Wuzhu, Wanyan Chang (完顏昌), Balisu (拔離速) and Mawu (馬五) to invade the
Southern Song dynasty by two routes. Emperor Gaozong fled southwards from Yangzhou. Wuzhu moved in upon Guide Prefecture (present-day
861:
and others firmly disagreed with them. The next year, Emperor Xizong charged Wanyan
Zongpan and Wanyan Zongjuan with treason and ordered their execution. He also stripped Talan of his military command.
359:(Emperor Taizu), the founder and first emperor of the Jin dynasty. Wuzhu started his career in the military in his youth, when he participated in the Jurchen rebellion led by his father against the
756:
In May, Jin troops set fire to Jiankang before they headed back to the north crossing the Yangtze River. On their way back, Wuzhu's army was attacked by the troops led by Song general
575:, he led his horsemen in pursuit but failed to capture the emperor. However, they managed to obtain 3,000 horses. When Jin forces besieged Bianjing, the Song dynasty agreed to cede
850:
in recognition of his contributions in battle. In the 11th month of that year, the Jin dynasty abolished the puppet regime of Qi and brought it back under centralised control.
814:, Henan Province), and Wuzhu garrisoned at Bianjing without difficulty. Wuzhu had intended to strike while the iron is hot and captured the area to the north of the
640:(訛里朵; Wanyan Zongfu or Wanyan Zongyao), the Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥), to attack the Southern Song regime. Wuzhu first attacked Guide Prefecture (歸德府; present-day
857:
and Wanyan Zongjuan seized power. They connected with Left Vice-Marshal Talan and gave back some areas in Henan and Shaanxi provinces to the Song dynasty. Wuzhu,
1173:
579:, Zhongshan (中山) and Hejian (河間) prefectures to the Jin dynasty in return for peace. The Jurchens agreed and retreated back to Yanjing (燕京; present-day
636:, and established the Southern Song dynasty as a successor to the fallen Northern Song dynasty. Wuzhu led his own troops to join his third brother,
598:(訛里朵; Wanyan Zongfu or Wanyan Zongyao), as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥). In the 12th month, Eliduo received orders to suppress anti-Jin rebellions in
488:
By 1124, the Liao dynasty had lost most of its territories to the Jurchens. On 26 March 1125, Emperor Tianzuo was captured by Jin forces led by
783:. At that time, the Song soldiers were several times more than those of Jin, and Wuzhu and his soldiers were surrounded by the troops led by
469:. In December 1121, Wuzhu, then a teenager, participated in battle against Liao forces. When the Jurchens received news that the Liao ruler,
567:
with the Jin dynasty. At the same time, Wuzhu, leading 3,000 light cavalry, approached Bianjing. When he received news that the Song ruler,
542:(斡離不; Wanyan Zongwang), who held the appointment of Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥). In the first month of 1126, Wolibu sent Wuzhu to attack
692:). Having assigned the subordinate generals to the neighboring towns, he headed the army in person to capture Guangdejunlu (廣德軍路) and
521:
873:
In November, Wuzhu went to the imperial court, at which time Emperor Xizong was on a trip to Yanjing, with Left Vice-Marshal
269:
202:
135:
399:(太師). He died of illness in 1148. Throughout his life, he had served under three Jin emperors – Emperor Taizu (his father),
602:. Wuzhu participated in the campaign. First, he defeated a few thousand troops led by Song general Zheng Zongmeng (鄭宗孟) in
283:
216:
149:
743:, the troops dug a 15-kilometre canal along the old water channel of the Laoguan River (老鹳河) overnight, which led to the
376:
466:
352:
88:
723:
In February, 1130, Wuzhu declared that he had finished the search for Emperor Gaozong, and moved back north along the
753:
drowned in the river. Han Shizhong had to abandon his ship and escape back to Zhenjiang with only dozens of his men.
720:, they pursued at sea but fell back after being blocked by Song naval forces. Wuzhu led his troops back to Lin'an.
546:; Wuzhu won the battle and forced the 3,000 Song defenders to surrender. Soon after, the Eastern Army reached the
1144:
564:
784:
1128:
779:
and Shaanxi provinces, followed by Wuzhu with his own army. The Jin and Song dynasties fought the battle in
740:
629:
572:
568:
470:
819:
831:
792:
780:
764:
727:, carrying large amounts of gold, silver, treasures and jewels plundered by the troops from all places of
625:
456:(阿魯補; Wanyan Zongmin). Wuzhu had at 13 other brothers and three sisters born to his father's other wives.
400:
448:. Wuzhu's mother was Lady Wugulun (烏古論氏), one of Aguda's concubines. She also bore Aguda two other sons,
847:
846:
In 1137, Wuzhu was appointed as Right Vice-Marshal (右副元帥) and enfeoffed as the "Prince of Shen" (沈王) by
807:
538:. He served as an officer in the Jin dynasty's Eastern Army, which was commanded by his second brother,
535:
404:
712:, Zhejiang Province) and captured the governor of Mingzhou. Learning that Emperor Gaozong had fled to
449:
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911:
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489:
835:
384:
619:
527:
517:
368:
98:
588:
41:
306:
239:
172:
709:
632:, the Song Emperor Huizong's ninth son. Zhao Gou had declared himself emperor, escaped to
594:
Wolibu died of illness in the sixth month of 1127 and was succeeded by his third brother,
497:
474:
111:
1149:
858:
664:
606:. Next, he defeated the Huangqiong forces (黃瓊軍) led by Song general Zhao Cheng (趙成) in
551:
543:
425:
348:
1162:
939:
744:
704:). Hearing that Lin'an was to fall, Emperor Gaozong escaped to Mingzhou (present-day
677:
441:
360:
20:
787:, the local military commissioner of Shaanxi, and had a hard time. With the help of
660:) and achieved victory. By then, all of Hebei had been occupied by the Jin dynasty.
874:
736:
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505:
445:
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313:
246:
179:
107:
473:, was out on a hunting expedition at Yuanyang Lake (鴛鴦濼; northwest of present-day
648:) but was forced to redirect his forces to attack Puzhou (濮州; around present-day
531:
372:
815:
496:). Months later, he was sent to the Jin capital in Shangjing (上京; present-day
732:
681:
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728:
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556:
823:
749:
713:
705:
693:
653:
649:
501:
493:
429:
421:
367:. Between the late 1120s and 1130s, he fought for the Jin dynasty in
116:
24:
16:
12th-century prince, military general and civil minister in Jin China
795:, Eliduo and Wuzhu captured most of the lands in Shaanxi Province.
800:
685:
673:
657:
645:
607:
560:
478:
347:(完顏宗弼), was a prince, military general and civil minister of the
571:, had fled from Bianjing after abdicating the throne to his son
550:
and attempted to cross, but the Song forces had already set the
958:
Princess Shoukang (壽康公主), personal name Puci (蒲刺), 1st daughter
952:
Concubine Chen, of the Chen clan (妾 陳氏), personal name Yan (豔)
440:, the chief of the Wanyan tribe, which was a subject of the
530:, which broke out in 1125 between the Jin dynasty and the
663:
In early 1129, Wuzhu was promoted to Right Vice-Marshal.
930:
Princess Consort of Liang, of the Tudan clan (梁王妃 徒單氏)
818:, so he led his army to the north. But was defeated by
318:
251:
184:
312:
305:
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268:
263:
245:
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233:
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196:
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134:
125:
94:
84:
76:
68:
56:
48:
32:
917:Mother: Consort Yuan of the Wugulun clan (元妃 烏古論氏)
942:clan (次妃 趙氏; b.1111), personal name Yuanzhu (圓珠)
563:), to admonish the Song dynasty for breaking its
969:Princess of Yong'an County (永安縣主), 3rd daughter
882:(侍中), and was still the Marshal of the Capital.
591:, marked the fall of the Northern Song dynasty.
492:(完顏婁室) in Yingzhou (應州; in present-day northern
428:tribes residing in the area around present-day
1154:. Vol. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 19, 77.
624:In the seventh month of 1128, the Jin ruler,
288:
274:
221:
207:
154:
140:
8:
1118:the 19th daughter of Emperor Huizong of Song
889:(太傅). In November 1147, he was appointed as
933:Wanyan Heng, Prince of Rui (芮王完顏亨), 1st son
297:
230:
163:
29:
896:In October 1148, Wuzhu died of illness.
989:
885:In March, 1142, Wuzhu was appointed as
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
972:Married Heseri Zhining (紇石烈志寧) of the
914:(August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123),
700:), and arrived in Lin'an (present-day
122:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
614:War against the Southern Song dynasty
512:War against the Northern Song dynasty
7:
424:tribe, the most prominent among the
391:(太保), Marshal of the Capital (都元帥),
339:(金兀朮, died 1148), also known by his
961:Wanyan Xinian (完顏習捻), 2nd daughter
680:, and occupied Hezhou (present-day
355:of China. He was the fourth son of
14:
1174:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) generals
40:
938:Secondary Consort Zhao, of the
387:(左丞相), Palace Attendant (侍中),
319:
289:
275:
252:
222:
208:
185:
155:
141:
1:
760:, and suffered a heavy loss.
522:Timeline of the Jin–Song Wars
379:and its successor state, the
460:War against the Liao dynasty
23:. For the type of coin, see
452:(阿魯; Wanyan Zongqiang) and
436:. He was the fourth son of
19:For the Buddhist monk, see
1190:
822:in Shunchang (present-day
630:Zhao Gou (Emperor Gaozong)
617:
526:Wuzhu participated in the
515:
105:
18:
628:, ordered the capture of
330:
296:
229:
162:
130:
39:
806:In 1139, the Jin ruler,
270:Traditional Chinese
203:Traditional Chinese
136:Traditional Chinese
1129:Emperor Huizong of Song
1127:She was a concubine of
964:married Shao Heya (稍喝押)
870:(太保; Grand Protector).
735:. They were blocked by
284:Simplified Chinese
217:Simplified Chinese
150:Simplified Chinese
771:command the armies of
765:Emperor Taizong of Jin
420:Wuzhu was born in the
536:Northern Song dynasty
506:Heilongjiang Province
434:Heilongjiang Province
381:Southern Song dynasty
377:Northern Song dynasty
1109:Princess Yifu (儀福帝姬)
912:Emperor Taizu of Jin
763:In September, 1130,
60:Wanyan Zongbi (完顏宗弼)
52:Wuzhu (斡啜 / 兀朮 / 烏珠)
836:Treaty of Shaoxing
922:Consort and issue
698:Zhejiang Province
600:Shandong Province
589:Jingkang Incident
416:Family background
403:(his uncle), and
334:
333:
326:
325:
307:Standard Mandarin
259:
258:
240:Standard Mandarin
192:
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173:Standard Mandarin
104:
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62:Wang Zongbi (王宗弼)
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1009:
946:Unnamed, 2nd son
842:Political career
696:(in present-day
565:earlier alliance
369:a series of wars
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902:
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750:Fujian Province
710:Zhoushan Island
626:Emperor Taizong
622:
616:
573:Emperor Qinzong
569:Emperor Huizong
552:pontoon bridges
524:
516:Main articles:
514:
498:Acheng District
494:Shanxi Province
475:Zhangbei County
471:Emperor Tianzuo
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401:Emperor Taizong
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64:Jin Wuzhu (金兀朮)
63:
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12:
11:
5:
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1150:History of Jin
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859:Wanyan Zonggan
855:Wanyan Zongpan
848:Emperor Xizong
843:
840:
808:Emperor Xizong
725:Jinghang canal
686:Anhui Province
674:Henan Province
658:Hebei Province
646:Henan Province
618:Main article:
615:
612:
561:Henan Province
544:Tangyin County
513:
510:
479:Hebei Province
461:
458:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:(his nephew).
405:Emperor Xizong
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301:Transcriptions
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789:Wanyan Loushi
786:
782:
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770:
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745:Qinhuai River
742:
741:Huangtiandang
738:
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679:
678:Yangtze River
675:
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620:Jin–Song Wars
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574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:Jin–Song Wars
523:
519:
518:Jin–Song Wars
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Wanyan Loushi
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
459:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Wanyan Zongbi
342:
338:
329:
317:
315:
311:
308:
304:
299:
295:
287:
285:
281:
273:
271:
267:
262:
253:Wányán Zōngbì
250:
248:
244:
241:
237:
232:
228:
220:
218:
214:
206:
204:
200:
197:Wanyan Zongbi
195:
183:
181:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
153:
151:
147:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
119:
118:
113:
109:
100:
99:Jin–Song Wars
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
59:
57:Other name(s)
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
26:
22:
21:Baotang Wuzhu
1148:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
945:
924:
921:
920:
904:
903:
895:
890:
886:
884:
879:
875:Wanyan Xiyin
872:
867:
864:
852:
845:
828:
805:
797:
762:
755:
737:Han Shizhong
722:
662:
623:
593:
585:
548:Yellow River
525:
487:
463:
446:Liao dynasty
419:
396:
392:
388:
371:against the
365:Liao dynasty
344:
336:
335:
314:Hanyu Pinyin
247:Hanyu Pinyin
180:Hanyu Pinyin
115:
108:Chinese name
95:Battles/wars
1169:1148 deaths
1147:(c. 1343).
974:Heseri clan
532:Han Chinese
467:Jin dynasty
353:Jin dynasty
112:family name
89:Jin dynasty
1163:Categories
984:References
816:Huai River
775:to attack
716:by way of
395:(太傅), and
385:Chancellor
85:Allegiance
49:Birth name
1152:(Jin Shi)
955:Unknown:
853:In 1138,
785:Zhang Jun
733:Zhenjiang
682:He County
341:sinicised
337:Jin Wuzhu
320:Jīn Wùzhū
264:Jin Wuzhu
1100:vol. 10.
1088:vol. 11.
1014:vol. 77.
910:Father:
905:Parents:
880:Shizhong
729:Jiangnan
702:Hangzhou
670:Shangqiu
642:Shangqiu
634:Yangzhou
604:Qingzhou
106:In this
1145:Toqto'a
1138:Sources
1098:Jin Shi
1086:Jin Shi
1069:vol. 7.
1067:Jin Shi
1057:vol. 6.
1055:Jin Shi
1038:vol. 5.
1036:Jin Shi
1026:vol. 4.
1024:Jin Shi
1012:Jin Shi
832:Qin Hui
812:Xuchang
777:Sichuan
773:Shaanxi
758:Yue Fei
718:Wenzhou
690:Nanjing
665:Nianhan
581:Beijing
577:Taiyuan
557:Kaifeng
426:Jurchen
349:Jurchen
72:Unknown
900:Family
891:Taishi
868:Taibao
824:Fuyang
820:Liu Qi
793:Fuping
781:Fuping
769:Eliduo
714:Fuzhou
706:Ningbo
694:Huzhou
654:Handan
650:Puyang
638:Eliduo
596:Eliduo
540:Wolibu
502:Harbin
483:Wolibu
442:Khitan
430:Harbin
422:Wanyan
397:Taishi
389:Taibao
361:Khitan
117:Wanyan
110:, the
25:Wu Zhu
887:Taifu
801:Baoji
767:made
608:Linqu
534:-led
454:Alubu
444:-led
438:Aguda
393:Taifu
375:-led
363:-led
357:Aguda
351:-led
343:name
186:Wùzhū
126:Wuzhu
34:Wuzhu
940:Zhao
520:and
411:Life
223:完颜宗弼
209:完顏宗弼
80:1148
77:Died
69:Born
838:".
583:).
508:).
481:),
450:Alu
373:Han
290:金兀术
276:金兀朮
114:is
1165::
1074:^
1043:^
992:^
684:,
672:,
656:,
644:,
559:,
504:,
500:,
477:,
432:,
156:兀术
142:兀朮
925::
120:.
27:.
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