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because WAP-service implementers and mobile-phone manufacturers did not obtain a copy of the standards or the correct hardware and the standard software modules. As an example, some phone models would not accept a page more than 1 Kb in size, and some would even crash. The user interface of devices was also underspecified: as an example, accesskeys (e.g., the ability to press '4' to access directly the fourth link in a list) were variously implemented depending on phone models (sometimes with the accesskey number automatically displayed by the browser next to the link, sometimes without it, and sometimes accesskeys were not implemented at all).
1370:
requirements of the WML specifications, the variability in terminals, and the demands of testing on various wireless terminals, along with the lack of widely available desktop authoring and emulation tools, considerably lengthened the time required to complete most projects. As of 2009, however, with many mobile devices supporting XHTML, and programs such as Adobe Go Live and
Dreamweaver offering improved web-authoring tools, it is becoming easier to create content, accessible by many new devices.
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1070:; the gateway translates requests into plain HTTP. WAP decks are delivered through a proxy which checks decks for WML syntax correctness and consistency, which improves the user experience in resource-constrained mobile phones. WAP cannot guarantee how content will appear on a screen, because WAP elements are treated as hints to accommodate the capabilities of each mobile device. For example some mobile phones do not support graphics/images or italics.
1142:, dropping the gateway and custom protocol suite used to communicate with it. A WAP gateway can be used in conjunction with WAP 2.0; however, in this scenario, it is used as a standard proxy server. The WAP gateway's role would then shift from one of translation to adding additional information to each request. This would be configured by the operator and could include telephone numbers, location, billing information, and handset information.
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1328:(FCC) issued an order on 31 July 2007 which mandated that licensees of the 22-megahertz wide "Upper 700 MHz C Block" spectrum would have to implement a wireless platform which allows customers, device manufacturers, third-party application developers, and others to use any device or application of their choice when operating on this particular licensed network band.
1055:
be seen by a user. WAP has URLs which can be typed into an address bar which is similar to URLs in HTTP. Relative URLs in WAP are used for navigating within a deck, and
Absolute URLs in WAP are used for navigating between decks. WAP was designed to operate in bandwidth-constrained networks by using data compression before transmitting data to users.
1404:; by not letting third parties put their own entries on the operators' wireless portal, some contend that operators cut themselves off from a valuable opportunity. On the other hand, some operators argue that their customers would have wanted them to manage the experience and, on such a constrained device, avoid giving access to too many services.
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WAP useful. However, content providers received little help or incentive to go through the complicated route of development. Others, notably in Japan (cf. below), had a more thorough dialogue with their content-provider community, which was then replicated in modern, more successful WAP services such as
1242:-like "information space". In terms of speed, ease of use, appearance and interoperability, the reality fell far short of expectations when the first handsets became available in 1999. This led to the wide usage of sardonic phrases such as "Worthless Application Protocol", "Wait And Pay", and WAPlash.
1373:
Lack of user agent profiling tools: It quickly became nearly impossible for web hosts to determine if a request came from a mobile device, or from a larger more capable device. No useful profiling or database of device capabilities were built into the specifications in the unauthorized non-compliant
1054:
WAP sites are written in WML, a markup language. WAP provides content in the form of decks, which have several cards: decks are similar to HTML web pages as they are the unit of data transmission used by WAP and each have their own unique URL, and cards are elements such as text or buttons which can
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Neglect of content providers: Some wireless carriers had assumed a "build it and they will come" strategy, meaning that they would just provide the transport of data as well as the terminals, and then wait for content providers to publish their services on the
Internet and make their investment in
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Constrained user interface capabilities: Terminals with small black-and-white screens and few buttons, like the early WAP terminals, face difficulties in presenting a lot of information to their user, which compounded the other problems: one would have had to be extra careful in designing the user
1413:
The original WAP model provided a simple platform for access to web-like WML services and e-mail using mobile phones in Europe and the SE Asian regions. In 2009 it continued to have a considerable user base. The later versions of WAP, primarily targeting the United States market, were designed by
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on a page linked off the hard coded home page was provided. It makes it easier for carriers to implement filtering of off deck WML sites by URLs or to disable the address bar in the future if the carrier decides to switch all users to a walled garden model. Given the difficulty in typing up fully
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Lack of openness: Many wireless carriers sold their WAP services as "open", in that they allowed users to reach any service expressed in WML and published on the
Internet. However, they also made sure that the first page that clients accessed was their own "wireless portal", which they controlled
1369:
type. However, the development kits which existed did not provide such a general capability. Developing for the web was easy: with a text editor and a web browser, anybody could get started, thanks also to the forgiving nature of most desktop browser rendering engines. By contrast, the stringent
1356:
Under-specification of terminal requirements: The early WAP standards included many optional features and under-specified requirements, which meant that compliant devices would not necessarily interoperate properly. This resulted in great variability in the actual behavior of phones, principally
1352:
Web, leaving only native WAP content and Web-to-WAP proxi-content available to WAP users. However, others argue that technology at that stage would simply not have been able to give access to anything but custom-designed content which was the sole purpose of WAP and its simple, reduced complexity
1272:, and do not need to use any kind of WAP markup for webpage compatibility. The list of handsets supporting HTML is extensive, and includes all Android handsets, all versions of the iPhone handset, all Blackberry devices, all devices running Windows Phone, and many Nokia handsets.
1108:(WDP); as such, it can be delivered over any WDP-supported bearer, such as GPRS or SMS. Most GSM networks have a wide range of modified processors, but GPRS activation from the network is not generally supported, so WAP Push messages have to be delivered on top of the SMS bearer.
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Lack of good authoring tools: The problems above might have succumbed in the face of a WML authoring tool that would have allowed content providers to easily publish content that would interoperate flawlessly with many models, adapting the pages presented to the
1320:
suffered because many cell phone providers required separate activation and additional fees for data support, and also because telecommunications companies sought to limit data access to only approved data providers operating under license of the signal carrier.
1191:
was founded in 1998 by
Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and Unwired Planet. It aimed primarily to bring together the various wireless technologies in a standardised protocol. In 2002, the WAP Forum was consolidated (along with many other forums of the industry) into
1006:
to the upper layers by providing unreliable transport of data with two 16-bit port numbers (origin and destination). All the upper layers view WDP as one and the same protocol, which has several "technical realizations" on top of other "data bearers" such as
1100:
WAP Push was incorporated into the specification to allow the WAP content to be pushed to the mobile handset with minimal user intervention. A WAP Push is basically a specially encoded message which includes a link to a WAP address.
1119:), directly opens the browser to display the WAP content, without user interaction. Since this behaviour raises security concerns, some handsets handle WAP Push SL messages in the same way as SI, by providing user interaction.
1051:. However WTP is more effective than TCP when packets are lost, a common occurrence with 2G wireless technologies in most radio conditions. WTP does not misinterpret the packet loss as network congestion, unlike TCP.
1264:
By the year 2013, WAP use had largely disappeared. Most major companies and websites have since retired from the use of WAP and it has not been a mainstream technology for web on mobile for a number of years.
2957:
1308:)'s chakuuta or chakumovie (ringtone song or ringtone movie) services were based on WAP. Like in Europe, WAP and i-mode usage declined in the 2010s as HTML-capable smartphones became popular in Japan.
1414:
Daniel Tilden of Bell Labs for a different requirement - to enable full web XHTML access using mobile devices with a higher specification and cost, and with a higher degree of software complexity.
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interface as the citizens of many nations are not connected to the web at the present time and have to use government funded and controlled portals to WAP and similar non-complex services.
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1820:
1997:
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Most controversial, especially for many from the IP side, was the design of WAP over IP. WAP's transmission layer protocol, WTP, uses its own retransmission mechanisms over
1391:
very closely. Some carriers also turned off editing or accessing the address bar in the device's browser. To facilitate users wanting to go off deck, an address bar on a
326:. Modern phones have proper Web browsers, so they do not need WAP markup for compatibility, and therefore, most are no longer able to render and display pages written in
1111:
On receiving a WAP Push, a WAP 1.2 (or later) -enabled handset will automatically give the user the option to access the WAP content. This is also known as WAP Push SI (
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63:
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over a circuit switched bearer, IP over GPRS, etc.). This has led to a protocol considerably more complex than an approach directly over IP might have caused.
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Before the introduction of WAP, mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer interactive data services, but needed interactivity to support
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1657:"X.225 : Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Connection-oriented Session protocol: Protocol specification"
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in
October 1999. The site was developed as a side project by Christopher Bee and Euan McLeod and launched with the debut of the
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2040:"FCC Revises 700 MHz Rules to Advance Interoperable Public Safety Communications and Promote Wireless Broadband Deployment"
2027:"FCC Revises 700 MHz Rules to Advance Interoperable Public Safety Communications and Promote Wireless Broadband Deployment"
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The initial design of WAP specifically aimed at protocol independence across a range of different protocols (SMS, IP over
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provides transaction support adapted to the wireless world. It provides for transmitting messages reliably, similarly to
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or stack allowing the interoperability of WAP equipment and software with different network technologies, such as
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networks, offering a faster speed, led to an improvement in the WAP experience. WAP content was accessed using a
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WAP at the time of its introduction, leading users to expect WAP to have the performance of fixed (non-mobile)
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1249:, T-Mobile T-Zones and other easily accessible services). Operator revenues were generated by transfer of
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Between 2003 and 2004 WAP made a stronger resurgence with the introduction of wireless services (such as
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The network entity that processes WAP Pushes and delivers them over an IP or SMS Bearer is known as a
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applications. Although hyped at launch, WAP suffered from much criticism. However the introduction of
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Considerable discussion has addressed the question whether the WAP protocol design was appropriate.
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The
Wireless Application Environment (WAE) space defines application-specific markup languages.
1821:
Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia and
Unwired Planet establish Wireless Application Protocol Forum Ltd.
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1261:. According to the Mobile Data Association, WAP traffic in the UK doubled from 2003 to 2004.
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to attempt to solve the problem of the inadequacy of TCP over high-packet-loss networks.
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1002:(WDP), functions as an adaptation layer that makes every data network look a bit like
27:
Deprecated technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network
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data, which is a different business model than used by the traditional Web sites and
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Other criticisms address the wireless carriers' particular implementations of WAP:
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291:, specially designed for the limited capabilities of a mobile device. The Japanese
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interface on such a resource-constrained device which was the real concept of WAP.
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A re-engineered 2.0 version was released in 2002. It uses a cut-down version of
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142:
1940:"The Globe and Mail: "Survivor's guide to wireless wonkery", 23 September 2005"
1925:
1400:
on a phone keyboard, most users would give up going "off portal" or out of the
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322:. By the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern standards such as
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2743:
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Most modern handset internet browsers now support full HTML, CSS, and most of
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17:
1684:"Wireless Communication Methodologies & Wireless Application Protocol"
1027:
on top of a circuit-switched data connection, WDP is in fact exactly UDP.
257:
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2213:
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2198:
299:
1976:
1504:
Wireless Data
Services: Technologies, Business Models and Global Markets
1058:
This protocol suite allows a terminal to transmit requests that have an
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2733:
2511:
2188:
593:
524:
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1149:(XHTML MP), the markup language defined in WAP 2.0. It is a subset of
287:
to browse content such as news, weather and sports scores provided by
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283:. Introduced in 1999, WAP allowed at launch users with compatible
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1304:) both successfully deployed WAP technology. In particular, (
1175:
Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS) is a combination of WAP and
295:
system offered another major competing wireless data standard.
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but designed for reading pages specific for WAP, instead of
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1741:
The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): A Wiley Tech Brief
1280:
WAP saw major success in Japan. While the largest operator
1232:, ran an advertising campaign depicting a cartoon WAP user
1534:"BBC News | SCI/TECH | Wap - wireless window on the world"
2062:
2059:"Gallery : Moteur de recherche de l'internet mobile"
1558:"BBC - h2g2 European Cellular Networks - an Introduction"
1888:
Silicon.com: BT Cellnet rapped over 'misleading' WAP ads
1076:
For WAP version 1.X, the primary language of the WAE is
1890:
Published 3 November 2000, retrieved 17 September 2008
1348:
WML language: WML cut users off from the conventional
1998:"News, Tips, and Advice for Technology Professionals"
2085:
Encyclopedia of Portal Technologies and Applications
1582:"BBC - Bristol - Digital Future - WAP gets a rocket"
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2704:
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2614:
2601:
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2431:
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2249:
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167:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1501:
1080:(WML). In WAP 2.0, the primary markup language is
261:Travel news content shown on the WAP browser on a
1500:Sharma, Chetan; Nakamura, Yasuhisa (2003-11-20).
1204:The first company to launch a WAP site was Dutch
1284:did not use WAP in favor of its in-house system
1928:Nokia 7110 first public firmware revision date
1907:http://press.nokia.com/PR/199902/777256_5.html
3027:
2121:
1340:(WML) and WAP. Technical criticisms include:
914:
8:
1926:http://www.filibeto.org/mobile/firmware.html
2029:, July 31, 2007. Accessed October 8, 2007.
1803:
1801:
1799:
1336:Commentators criticized several aspects of
1161:) called WAP CSS is supported by XHTML MP.
998:The bottom-most protocol in the suite, the
78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3034:
3020:
3012:
2611:
2439:
2154:
2128:
2114:
2106:
1387:in Japan or the Gallery service in France.
1179:allowing for sending of picture messages.
921:
907:
337:
980:Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
1744:. John Wiley & Sons. 14 March 2002.
1734:
1732:
1630:. Jasubhai Digital Media. Archived from
1091:
956:
104:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
2088:. Idea Group Inc (IGI). 30 April 2007.
1705:
1703:
1492:
1157:. A version of Cascading Style Sheets (
960:Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
340:
1808:Openwave: WAP Push Technology Overview
1603:
1601:
1508:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1324:In recognition of the problem, the US
2025:US Federal Communications Commission.
1957:Wet, Phillip de (November 14, 2000).
1938:Butters, George (23 September 2005).
1859:"About OMA SpecWorks - OMA SpecWorks"
1037:-based security mechanism similar to
7:
1770:. Prentice Hall Professional. 2001.
1663:from the original on 1 February 2021
1115:). A variant, known as WAP Push SL (
1015:, etc. On native IP bearers such as
975:Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
165:adding citations to reliable sources
3203:Mobile telecommunications standards
1767:Essential WAP for Web Professionals
2958:USA use restrictions while driving
2933:Legality of recording by civilians
25:
1819:Nokia Press Release Jan 8, 1998:
1326:Federal Communications Commission
1104:WAP Push was specified on top of
985:Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
279:for accessing information over a
59:This article has multiple issues.
2995:
2994:
2983:
2971:
1624:"Fast Track to Mobile Telephony"
1409:Protocol design lessons from WAP
1033:, an optional layer, provides a
970:Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
141:
89:
48:
176:"Wireless Application Protocol"
152:needs additional citations for
67:or discuss these issues on the
3193:Open Mobile Alliance standards
1876:Will Wap's call go unanswered?
1:
3188:Wireless Application Protocol
1476:Wireless transaction protocol
938:The WAP standard described a
269:Wireless Application Protocol
37:For other uses of "WAP", see
2978:Telecommunication portal
2061:. 2008-08-20. Archived from
1171:Multimedia Messaging Service
314:, which is like a standard
3219:
2900:Phantom vibration syndrome
2895:Mental health from overuse
1863:www.openmobilealliance.org
1168:
1106:Wireless Datagram Protocol
1000:Wireless Datagram Protocol
116:Such statements should be
36:
29:
2966:
2579:Open-source mobile phones
2442:
2157:
1023:packet-radio service, or
991:Any wireless data network
962:
330:, WAP's markup language.
1959:"A RIVR runs through it"
1916:Nokia 7110 Press Release
1833:"A brief History of WAP"
1609:"BBC kills off WML site"
1338:Wireless Markup Language
1078:Wireless Markup Language
334:Technical specifications
289:mobile network operators
30:Not to be confused with
2943:Photography and the law
2938:Mobile phones in prison
1878:vnunet.com, 2 June 2000
1682:Krishnaswamy, Sankara.
1622:Team Digit (Jan 2006).
1316:Adoption of WAP in the
1145:Mobile devices process
1035:public-key cryptography
281:mobile cellular network
1894:July 24, 2008, at the
1097:
265:
2990:Telephones portal
2953:Texting while driving
2890:External power supply
2589:Windows Phone devices
1095:
260:
32:Wireless access point
3157:XHTML Mobile Profile
3044:Open Mobile Alliance
2905:Radiation and health
2221:Standards comparison
1791:MX Telecom: WAP Push
1194:Open Mobile Alliance
1147:XHTML Mobile Profile
1082:XHTML Mobile Profile
275:) is a now obsolete
161:improve this article
118:clarified or removed
39:WAP (disambiguation)
3112:OMA Presence SIMPLE
1712:WAP 2.0 Development
1471:WAP Identity Module
3198:Internet protocols
2045:2009-07-18 at the
2038:Alternate link to
1944:The Globe and Mail
1912:2001-08-27 at the
1839:. December 8, 2004
1456:Mobile development
1288:, rival operators
1153:and a superset of
1124:Push Proxy Gateway
1113:Service Indication
1098:
964:WAP protocol suite
467:Presentation layer
277:technical standard
266:
3175:
3174:
3009:
3008:
2948:Telephone tapping
2791:
2790:
2739:Instant messaging
2597:
2596:
2326:
2325:
2095:978-1-59140-990-8
1777:978-0-13-092568-8
1751:978-0-471-43759-8
1722:978-0-7897-2602-5
1696:on 23 March 2022.
1519:978-0-521-82843-7
996:
995:
931:
930:
359:Application layer
255:
254:
247:
237:
236:
229:
211:
135:
134:
82:
16:(Redirected from
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3097:Wireless Village
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3013:
2998:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2885:Electronic waste
2875:BlackBerry thumb
2825:Japanese culture
2612:
2572:iOS jailbreaking
2440:
2362:Operating system
2177:Network operator
2162:Channel capacity
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2014:
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2004:. Archived from
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1697:
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1689:. Archived from
1688:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1628:Internet Archive
1619:
1613:
1612:
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1578:
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1554:
1548:
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1545:
1544:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1507:
1497:
1228:, one of the UK
1138:with end-to-end
1096:WAP Push process
1066:equivalent to a
957:
923:
916:
909:
350:
338:
250:
243:
232:
225:
221:
218:
212:
210:
169:
145:
137:
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121:
93:
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85:
74:
52:
51:
44:
21:
3218:
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3213:
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3209:
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3178:
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3171:
3046:
3040:
3010:
3005:
2984:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2914:
2867:
2861:
2787:
2700:
2643:
2639:Cloud computing
2605:
2603:
2593:
2584:Symbian devices
2550:Android devices
2536:
2488:
2479:Satellite phone
2474:Projector phone
2434:
2427:
2332:
2322:
2245:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2047:Wayback Machine
2037:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1937:
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1932:
1924:
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1914:Wayback Machine
1905:
1901:
1896:Wayback Machine
1886:
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1520:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1437:
1411:
1334:
1314:
1298:SoftBank Mobile
1278:
1222:Internet access
1202:
1185:
1173:
1167:
1132:
1117:Service Loading
1090:
965:
950:(also known as
936:
927:
898:
897:
803:
792:
791:
688:
686:Data link layer
677:
676:
610:
599:
598:
564:
562:Transport layer
553:
552:
515:
504:
503:
469:
458:
457:
361:
345:
344:
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251:
240:
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28:
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15:
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5:
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2916:
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2913:
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2907:
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2897:
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2880:Driving safety
2877:
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2398:
2391:Text messaging
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2110:
2102:
2101:
2094:
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2018:
1989:
1968:
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1648:
1637:on 8 June 2014
1614:
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1538:news.bbc.co.uk
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1451:Mobile browser
1448:
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1388:
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1371:
1362:
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1313:
1310:
1302:Vodafone Japan
1277:
1274:
1247:Vodafone Live!
1201:
1198:
1184:
1181:
1169:Main article:
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1163:
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1128:
1089:
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994:
993:
987:
986:
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977:
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940:protocol suite
935:
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883:ITU-T G.hn PHY
880:
875:
870:
865:
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845:
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835:
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818:ITU-T V-Series
815:
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801:Physical layer
798:
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763:ITU-T G.hn DLL
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388:
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368:
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356:
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285:mobile devices
253:
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149:
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140:
133:
132:
97:
95:
88:
83:
57:
56:
54:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3215:
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3115:
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3110:
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3071:
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3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3042:Standards of
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2981:
2979:
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2800:
2798:
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2777:
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2709:
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2677:
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2668:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
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2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:BlackBerry 10
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
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2515:
2513:
2510:
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2500:
2499:
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2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Feature phone
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:Manufacturers
2445:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:airplane mode
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:phone cloning
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
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2329:
2319:
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2301:
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2263:
2260:
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2256:
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2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
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2222:
2219:
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2207:
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2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
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2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2137:Mobile phones
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2065:on 2008-08-20
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2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2008:on 2009-08-02
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1715:. Que. 2002.
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1586:www.bbc.co.uk
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1562:www.bbc.co.uk
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1402:walled garden
1399:
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1386:
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1380:
1379:
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1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:idiosyncratic
1343:
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1339:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1312:United States
1311:
1309:
1307:
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608:Network layer
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2629:Distribution
2494:Form factors
2459:Camera phone
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159:Please help
154:verification
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126:October 2015
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110:unverifiable
102:weasel words
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61:Please help
58:
2866:Environment
2840:silent mode
2684:contactless
2667:advertising
2624:Development
2542:Smartphones
2251:Generations
2167:Frequencies
1239:Neuromancer
1155:XHTML Basic
1068:WAP gateway
873:IEEE 802.16
868:IEEE 802.15
863:IEEE 802.11
787:IEEE 802.11
758:Frame Relay
316:web browser
312:WAP browser
112:information
18:WAP browser
3182:Categories
2928:Carrier IQ
2868:and health
2783:Television
2634:Management
2527:Smartwatch
2484:Smartphone
2172:Multi-band
2069:2023-04-19
2012:2008-09-17
1591:2024-06-18
1567:2024-06-18
1543:2024-06-18
1487:References
1461:Mobile web
1396:qualified
1367:User-Agent
1282:NTT DoCoMo
1270:JavaScript
1236:through a
1226:BT Cellnet
1214:Nokia 7110
1210:Telfort BV
858:IEEE 802.3
782:Q.922 LAPF
753:IEEE 802.3
733:IEEE 802.2
520:Named pipe
263:Nokia 3650
217:April 2011
187:newspapers
64:improve it
3142:WMLScript
3102:OMA LWM2M
3068:OMA BCAST
3051:Standards
2910:Recycling
2857:Wallpaper
2835:Ringtones
2696:Ticketing
2672:campaigns
2662:Marketing
2464:Car phone
2379:Telephony
2333:operation
2226:Tethering
2151:protocols
1977:"WAPlash"
1843:August 5,
1374:products.
1332:Criticism
1208:operator
1189:WAP Forum
934:WAP stack
893:Bluetooth
878:IEEE 1394
838:SONET/SDH
799:1.
684:2.
662:AppleTalk
606:3.
560:4.
511:5.
465:6.
357:7.
342:OSI model
100:contains
70:talk page
3093:OMA IMPS
3001:Category
2744:Learning
2724:Gambling
2714:Blogging
2689:donating
2679:Payments
2649:Commerce
2607:software
2604:specific
2454:3D phone
2418:Tracking
2367:Security
2350:services
2340:Features
2291:adoption
2259:Analogue
2241:XHTML-MP
2214:SIM lock
2204:dual SIM
2199:SIM card
2147:networks
2043:Archived
1910:Archived
1892:Archived
1837:HCI blog
1667:10 March
1661:Archived
1435:See also
1230:telecoms
1088:WAP Push
452:more....
300:Internet
3107:OMA PoC
3083:OMA DRM
2852:Txt-spk
2797:Culture
2706:Content
2657:Banking
2555:rooting
2512:Phablet
2435:devices
2357:History
2331:General
2275:Digital
2189:Roaming
1641:1 March
1234:surfing
1196:(OMA).
1183:History
1130:WAP 2.0
1126:(PPG).
525:NetBIOS
446:NETCONF
201:scholar
3117:OMA SE
3088:OMA DS
3078:OMA DM
3073:OMA CP
2999:
2847:Selfie
2830:Novels
2820:Dating
2815:Comics
2810:Charms
2771:Social
2759:Search
2734:Health
2729:Gaming
2602:Mobile
2567:iPhone
2517:Slider
2433:Mobile
2194:Signal
2145:Mobile
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400:HTTP/3
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3132:WBXML
2764:local
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2522:Slate
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1481:WURFL
1466:RuBee
1441:.mobi
1218:hyped
1151:XHTML
1136:XHTML
1064:HTTPS
948:IS-95
828:I.431
823:I.430
713:CSLIP
657:IS-IS
642:IPsec
549:X.225
545:SOCKS
489:ASCII
484:ASN.1
348:layer
324:XHTML
208:JSTOR
194:books
3127:WBMP
3058:FUMO
2754:News
2616:Apps
2532:Fold
2507:Flip
2413:Spam
2308:4.5G
2298:3.5G
2231:VoIP
2209:eSIM
2182:list
2090:ISBN
1984:2014
1845:2011
1772:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1669:2023
1643:2017
1514:ISBN
1398:URLs
1393:form
1350:HTML
1344:The
1290:KDDI
1276:Asia
1259:ISPs
1255:UMTS
1253:and
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1187:The
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946:and
777:LAPB
773:X.25
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703:SDLC
667:X.25
647:IGMP
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431:SNMP
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302:and
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3162:MLP
3152:WTP
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3122:WAP
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540:RTP
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