266:, indicate that this temple was set up between Years 35 and Year 50 of Ramesses II. Setau is known to have served as the Viceroy of Kush or Nubia between Year 38 to 63 of this pharaoh's reign and was responsible for Ramesses' later Nubian temples. The temple of Wadi es-Sebua was the third sanctuary or chapel constructed from rock with a forecourt built with stones that Ramesses II erected in Nubia. Located at approximately a hundred and fifty kilometers south of Aswan, on the western bank of the Nile, the temple owed its importance to the fact that during the Ramesside period, the city was built at the outlet of the caravan roads, was used as the place of residence for the viceroy of Kush and because it was located at a difficult stretch of the Nile which was difficult for boats to traverse up against the current. Ramesses II entrusted the management of his work projects here to the viceroy of Nubia Setau which, if one judges by the poor quality of the Osiride style and statues of the court, was forced to settle on an "untrained work force, many of whom were snatched from the Libyan oases" and by "inferior raw materials."
157:
283:
image of
Ramesses capped with the némès crown appears. On their base, an inscription states Ramesses "Lord of Sed-festivals, as his/her Ptah father" refers to the desire for longevity on behalf of this pharaoh which was already expressed on the vestiges of the second door: "Ramsès-Meryamun, lord of Sed-festivals, like Ptah." Just prior to entering the third tower, four colossal statues of Ramesses II appear of which, only one statue remains upright today. The third pylon is decorated with the conventional Egyptian style of the Pharaoh smiting his enemies and making offerings to the gods, including himself. Once one passes through the third pylon, the rock cut section of the temple begins with a
343:
228:
236:
244:
47:
327:
305:
chapels of
Ramesses' temple where colourful scenes depict Ramesess adoring the sacred boats of Amun-Re and Re-Horakhty. There is also an interesting scene in the central niche of Wadi es-Sebua temple where two statues of Amun and Re-Horakhty which stood besides Ramesses II were hacked away by later Christian worshippers and replaced by an image of St. Peter. When the plaster coating was removed from the carved reliefs, one finds a bizarre image of Ramesses II offering flowers to St Peter instead.
315:
304:
In the 6th century AD, the temple was converted into a
Christian church. Some temple reliefs were covered with a layer of plaster, where painted images of God was done. This layer helped to preserve for posterity the original reliefs; the best examples here are located in the sanctuary and associated
282:
whereas the other statue now lies in the desert. Beyond the second pylon, a second courtyard with four falconheaded sphinxes appear representing Horus of Miam, of Meha, of Baki and, curiously, Horus of Edfu when one would expect that of Buhen instead in Nubia. Between their legs, a statuette with the
277:
The temple once possessed three pylons. The first two, however, were made of inferior Nile mud brick and have since crumbled. Only the stone gate passageway through them has survived. Beyond the first tower, the first courtyard appears with two human headed sphinxes accompanied by two statues of the
273:
was used as a quay or resting place for boats during its descent of the Nile river. The local Arabs, inspired by the stone sculptures of sphinxes which lined the entrance to the first temple, baptized the place as 'Wadi es-Sebua' or the Valley of the lions. The temple comprised three distinct parts:
295:
The "antechamber opens into two side rooms, two side chapels and the sanctuary itself." Although the statues in the sanctuary niches were destroyed, they "undoubtedly represented Amon-Re, Re-Harakhty and
Ramesses II himself." The larger temple at Wadi es-Sebua was built in the rather rough Nubian
358:
When the Wadi es-Sebua temples were threatened by flooding from the construction of the Aswan Dam project, the temple was dismantled in 1964 with U.S. support by the
Egyptian Antiquities Service. They were moved to a new site only 4 km west from their original location.
291:"of which the central six were once adorned with Osirid statues of the king; these were chiselled off by the Christians. However, the offering scenes on the walls survive, and some retain their colour."
274:
two open courts which were decorated with sphinxes or dromos, a large interior court with
Osiride pillars and the rock hewn temple. This temple was, hence, "partly free-standing and partly rock-cut."
342:
156:
169:
219:, images of Amun were attacked and the decorations deteriorated but Ramesses II later restored and extended Amenhotep III's temple by building structures in front of the pylon.
326:
497:
Lorna Oakes, Pyramids, Temples and Tombs of
Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Atlas of the Land of the Pharaohs, Hermes House:Anness Publishing Ltd, 2003. p.202
603:
207:
and subsequently restored by
Ramesses II. In its first stage, this temple "consisted of a rock-cut sanctuary (about 3 m by 2 m) fronted by a brick-built
314:
227:
559:
258:" and constructed roughly 150 m northeast of Amenhotep III's temple. Contemporary monuments and representations of the viceroy of
211:, a court and a hall, partly painted with wall paintings." The temple was perhaps dedicated to one of the local Nubian forms of
235:
243:
57:
383:
278:
pharaoh himself which originally stand on both sides of the passageway. Only the left-hand statue of
Ramesses II remains
184:, and other Nubian archaeological sites, the temples at Wadi es-Sebua were relocated in the 1960s and inscribed on the
46:
36:
598:
105:
450:
John Baines & Jaromír Málek, Atlas of
Ancient Egypt, Facts on File Publications New York, 1982. p.182
208:
131:
367:
188:
81:
371:
62:
363:
259:
134:
119:
479:
Joyce Tyldesley, Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh, Penguin Books 2001 paperback, p.167
592:
216:
215:, but his representations were altered to Amun at a later point in time. During the
204:
161:
551:
200:
142:
150:
146:
173:
574:
561:
17:
333:
284:
247:
Relief of Ramesses II presenting an offering to the gods at Wadi es-Sebua
548:
The excavations and survey between Wadi es-Sebua and Adindan, 1929–1931
547:
185:
177:
127:
441:
Rosalie David, Discovering Ancient Egypt, Facts on File, 1993. p.106
416:
94:
423:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
251:
The second larger temple which was built at el-Sebua was known as "
263:
242:
234:
212:
181:
155:
138:
66:
296:
style, which marked some of Ramesses II's larger buildings.
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
130:-lined approach to the temple forecourts), is a pair of
27:
UNESCO World Heritage Site in New Wadi es-Sebua, Egypt
170:
International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia
320:
Plan of the Christian church (red) inside the temple
231:
Sphinx of Ramesses II from his Wadi es-Sebua temple
100:
90:
80:
72:
56:
35:
348:Painting of angel and unspecified person (donor?)
521:
519:
517:
271:"Ramesses beloved of Amon in the field of Amun"
507:
505:
503:
8:
417:"Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae"
30:
76:Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae
45:
29:
226:
395:
307:
404:The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt
160:Colossi and Sphynx at Wady Saboua by
99:
89:
79:
71:
55:
7:
287:hall composed of 12 square pillars:
370:were also moved and rebuilt at the
123:
604:Relocated monuments of Lower Nubia
199:The first temple was built by the
25:
223:The temple of Amun of Ramesses II
51:A picture of Wadi es-Sebua temple
341:
325:
313:
253:The Temple of Ri'amesse-meryamun
336:(late 7th or early 8th century)
402:Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003).
384:List of ancient Egyptian sites
239:The forecourt of Wadi es-Sebua
1:
406:. Thames & Hudson. p. 220
195:First Temple of Amenhotep III
421:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
126:, so-called because of the
86:Cultural: (i)(iii)(vi)
620:
141:temple constructed by the
38:UNESCO World Heritage Site
534:Baines & Málek, p.183
470:Baines & Málek, p.182
44:
354:Relocation of the Temple
116:temples of Wadi es-Sebua
31:Temples of Wadi es-Sebua
300:Conversion into church
248:
240:
232:
165:
550:by W. B. Emery &
374:temple complex area.
256:in the Domain of Amun
246:
238:
230:
159:
575:22.7932°N 32.5453°E
571: /
368:Temple of Maharraqa
189:World Heritage List
32:
249:
241:
233:
166:
372:New Wadi es-Sebua
112:
111:
63:New Wadi es-Sebua
16:(Redirected from
611:
599:Egyptian temples
586:
585:
583:
582:
581:
580:22.7932; 32.5453
576:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
535:
532:
526:
523:
512:
509:
498:
495:
489:
488:Tyldesley, p.168
486:
480:
477:
471:
468:
451:
448:
442:
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
413:
407:
400:
345:
329:
317:
137:, including one
135:Egyptian temples
125:
49:
39:
33:
21:
619:
618:
614:
613:
612:
610:
609:
608:
589:
588:
579:
577:
573:
570:
565:
562:
560:
558:
557:
544:
539:
538:
533:
529:
524:
515:
510:
501:
496:
492:
487:
483:
478:
474:
469:
454:
449:
445:
440:
436:
426:
424:
415:
414:
410:
401:
397:
392:
380:
364:Temple of Dakka
356:
349:
346:
337:
330:
321:
318:
302:
225:
197:
168:As part of the
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
617:
615:
607:
606:
601:
591:
590:
555:
554:
543:
542:External links
540:
537:
536:
527:
513:
499:
490:
481:
472:
452:
443:
434:
408:
394:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
379:
376:
355:
352:
351:
350:
347:
340:
338:
331:
324:
322:
319:
312:
310:
301:
298:
293:
292:
269:The temple of
224:
221:
196:
193:
110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
60:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
616:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
594:
587:
584:
553:
549:
546:
545:
541:
531:
528:
522:
520:
518:
514:
508:
506:
504:
500:
494:
491:
485:
482:
476:
473:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
453:
447:
444:
438:
435:
422:
418:
412:
409:
405:
399:
396:
389:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
353:
344:
339:
335:
328:
323:
316:
311:
308:
306:
299:
297:
290:
289:
288:
286:
281:
275:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
254:
245:
237:
229:
222:
220:
218:
217:Amarna Period
214:
210:
206:
205:Amenhotep III
202:
194:
192:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:, along with
171:
163:
162:Francis Frith
158:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
121:
117:
107:
103:
96:
93:
85:
83:
75:
68:
64:
61:
59:
48:
43:
40:
34:
19:
18:Wadi es-Sebua
556:
552:L. P. Kirwan
530:
525:Oakes, p.203
511:Oakes, p.202
493:
484:
475:
446:
437:
425:. Retrieved
420:
411:
403:
398:
361:
357:
332:Painting of
303:
294:
279:
276:
270:
268:
255:
252:
250:
201:18th Dynasty
198:
167:
143:19th Dynasty
115:
113:
578: /
427:7 September
151:Lower Nubia
147:Ramesses II
132:New Kingdom
124:وادى السبوع
101:Inscription
593:Categories
566:32°32′43″E
563:22°47′36″N
390:References
174:Abu Simbel
104:1979 (3rd
334:St. Peter
285:hypostyle
191:in 1979.
91:Reference
378:See also
203:Pharaoh
145:Pharaoh
82:Criteria
58:Location
309:Gallery
280:in situ
106:Session
73:Part of
186:UNESCO
178:Philae
164:(1858)
128:sphinx
120:Arabic
264:Setau
213:Horus
209:pylon
182:Amada
149:, in
139:speos
67:Egypt
429:2021
366:and
362:The
260:Kush
114:The
595::
516:^
502:^
455:^
419:.
262:,
180:,
176:,
153:.
122::
95:88
65:,
431:.
118:(
108:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
