264:. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self. Instead, there is an apprehension of "pure consciousness," a profoundly peaceful state independent of any sense experience. He argues this process of realization is based on experience and is not contingent on
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of spiritual language, the neurophysiology of consciousness, psychedelic experience, or the quandaries of the self, at the very least acknowledges the potency and importance of the religious impulse—though Harris might name it differently—that fundamental and common instinct to seek not just an
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wrote, "Harris's book caught my eye because it's so entirely of this moment, so keenly in touch with the growing number of
Americans who are willing to say that they do not find the succor they crave, or a truth that makes sense to them, in organized religion." He notes that since publishing
241:. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God.
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Harris provides brief guidance on how to meditate, and directs readers to his website for more in-depth instructions. He has studied under several
Eastern meditation teachers, and gives advice on how to identify a good spiritual teacher. He describes his experience with
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Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it – he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of
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Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like
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as "a fine book" and observed, "although it portrays only a fragment of the emerging picture of post-Christian spirituality, it nonetheless does so with great colour and clarity – like a shining stained glass window for a church that is still being built."
292:, he argues that facts about the cosmos and particular religious dogmas cannot reasonably be inferred from these experiences. In this vein, he describes some of his own deep spiritual experiences, but does not interpret them as evidence, for instance, of
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in 2004, Harris has shifted focus to some extent from criticizing religion to trying to understand what people seek in religion and arguing these benefits are possible without it.
397:, who criticized what he perceived as the book's inconsistencies and Harris's willingness to belittle religious people. He nevertheless wrote, " new book, whether discussing the
388:, described it as "an immensely readable and enjoyable book. Harris writes about the profound issues that affect our lives with clarity, and with occasional humor."
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Holly Smith writes, "Overall, Harris’ book has much to recommend it, but not so much that it should be anyone’s first stop on the road to secular spirituality."
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In
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called it "A demanding, illusion-shattering book certain to receive criticism from both the scientific and the religious camps."
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Altered Traits: Science
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but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason.
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Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology,
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It received a more mixed response from Trevor Quirk of
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against the sharp criticisms of cognitive scientist
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