1353:. Throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia, Wajorese and other Bugis merchants acted as intermediaries between large and small trading nations. Wajorese trade flourished in part because of deliberate support from the government at Wajoq as well as from Wajorese communities abroad. Leaders of Wajorese overseas communities regularly convened to advance their interest. One such conference in the early 18th century saw the codification of laws regulating Wajorese commerce and navigation, popularly called the Ammana Gappa's law code, after the then leader of the Wajorese community in Makassar. These laws set up frameworks for managing credit and debts as well as regulating other kinds of business relationships, providing ways to resolve conflict and giving Wajorese merchants advantages over merchants from other groups in Maritime Southeast Asia. Such a law code, according to historian Kathryn Wellen, is "highly unusual, if not unique, for early modern insular Southeast Asia".
516:(r. 1626â1643), whether for political or religious reasons, attacked and pillaged PĂ©nĂ©ki, one of Wajoq's constituent communities. As La Maddaremmeng refused to compensate for the goods seized in PĂ©nĂ©ki, Wajoq and BonĂ© went to war against each other. Gowa and SoppĂ©ng sided with Wajoq in this conflict, and the joint forces succeeded in defeating BonĂ© in late 1643. BonĂ© was harshly punished by being made a vassal of Gowa, with a Bugis noble installed as a
471:
488:("Three Powers", lit. "Three Peaks"), is defined as that of brothers, with Boné acting as the elder, Wajoq the middle, and Soppéng the younger one. It sought to reclaim the autonomy of these Bugis lands, and to stop Gowa's expansionism. Gowa's subsequent campaigns against Wajoq in 1582 as well as against Boné in 1585 and 1588 were all successfully repulsed by the alliance. Another campaign in 1590 was abandoned following the murder of Gowa's ruler
1278:
651:
691:(r. 1736â1754) not long after. With popular support, he led Wajoq into victory over BonĂ©. By mid-1737 a peace agreement had been signed, and BonĂ© was obliged to compensate for all the losses Wajoq had suffered under the rulers of BonĂ© since the Makassar War. Liberated from BonĂ© dominance, Wajoq assumed a hegemonic position in South Sulawesi, with Wajorese record even stating that Wajoq was recognized as the leader of the
597:(r. 1670â1679) was forced to sign a treaty restricting Wajorese political, trade and military powers, in addition to the Treaty of Bungaya. In spite of Wajoq's surrender, it still faced harsh retribution from Arung Palakka and the people of BonĂ©. Many Wajorese were kidnapped and harassed or had their belongings seized. BonĂ© also annexed the coastal territories near the mouth of
361:), for example, recounts the story of a Bugis noble who, on a hunting expedition, found "an area with wide fields, thick forests with wild boars, deer, and buffalo, and numerous lakes replete with fish". He then decided to settle there and founded the polity of Cinnotabiq, which transformed into Wajoq in the early 15th century.
434:, forcing the latter to cede its territories north of the central lakes to Wajoq. Wajoq under La Tadampareq also absorbed the remnants of what might have been the core territories of Cina, another influential early Bugis polity. Balance of power in the region further shifted in the early 16th century when
681:
Since Arung
Palakka's death in 1696, none of his successor was as capable as him in maintaining Boné's hegemony over South Sulawesi. This allowed Wajorese trade to flourish without much restriction. Interaction between Wajorese diaspora communities and their homeland intensified, and it culminated in
504:
surrendered the control of their foreign affairs to Gowa, although they were allowed to retain the alliance and still preserve considerable autonomy within their own domains. This arrangement proved to be quite successful to win the support of the Bugis. Wajoq in particular grew increasingly loyal to
608:
It was these difficulties faced by the
Wajorese in their homeland which prompted them to emigrate elsewhere. While migration had always been an important part of Wajorese culture, it was particularly prominent in the aftermath of the Makassar War, when a large number of Wajorese migrants established
1112:
As with many other Bugis states, Wajoq was a confederation of smaller political and territorial communities. These communities were related to each other as well as to the central government at Tosora in various ways, ranging from vassalage to alliance "as between brothers". The polity of Wajoq was
1324:
Bugis women in the precolonial states of South
Sulawesi were routinely involved in many aspects of the society. Women were also actively involved in the government. One 19th-century observer states that the women of South Sulawesi were commonly "consulted by the men on all public affairs" and were
1234:
The powers of these pangawas , or tribunes of the people, is considerable. With them only it rests to summon a meeting of the council of forty. They possess the right of veto to the appointment of an aru matoah . Their command alone is a legal summons to war, no chief or body having right, or even
621:
area, among other places. These diaspora communities were connected to their homeland as well as to each other by familial, commercial, political and legal ties. By the early 18th century, a sequence of
Wajorese rulers had begun to take advantage of these connections to revitalize their country.
1356:
The government financially supported
Wajorese merchants by providing monetary loans, taken from the fund established by La Saléwangeng. Borrowers were obliged to return the principals alongside parts of their profits. The profits would then be used to further Wajoq's interest, such as building
1137:
was chosen among the "white-blood" or nobility class. The position of arung matoa cannot be held at once with another office. It also cannot be inherited and can only be held for life as long as the ruler was deemed fit for the position. A ruler in precolonial South
Sulawesi was expected to be
686:
came back to South
Sulawesi. At first, he and his followers raided several communities in the western part of the peninsula and in the islands near Makassar. In 1736, he assumed the leadership of Pénéki (a constituent polity of Wajoq) and got involved in a confrontation with Boné. Following a
634:(r. 1713â1736), actively supported international commerce in more practical ways. He dredged the river that leads to the capital Tosora to ease access for large boats, strengthened local industries by requiring them to appoint political representatives known as
549:. In 1660, the Dutch attacked Gowa and managed to seize the fort of Paqnakkukang. Gowa then forced its vassals to provide labor to build military constructions in anticipation of further conflict, which ultimately resulted in a rebellion led by the Boné noble
1487:
of Wajoq on
November 6, 1736. Wajorese sources recount that La Maddukelleng was chosen to replace La Saléwangeng (who is reported to have voluntarily resigned), although several contemporary records indicated that he assumed the position through usurpation
1333:), notes that at the time of his visit to Wajoq in 1840, four out of six members of Petta Ennengngé were women, who frequently "appear in public like the men; ride, rule, and visit even foreigners, without the knowledge or consent of their husbands."
524:, and Boné's status was further degraded to that of a "slave" (i.e. a colony), while its nobles were forcibly relocated to Gowa. Several contested territories held by Boné were given to Wajoq, and a large number of people from Boné were forced into
1125:
or were conquered. Each of these communities had considerable freedom, with its own leader and customs. It can also switch allegiance between different states, and by doing so, both its people and its territory will be subject to the new state.
1254:
could not agree on the best way to resolve certain issues. These commoners may discuss and give input to the government on the best way to resolve these issues, although the ultimate decision in this kind of situations rested in the hands of
1446:
La
Maddaremmeng had previously become a subject of controversy, as he had enforced a stricter interpretation of Islam to his people. He also went to abolish non-hereditary slavery in accordance to his belief, and tried to convince the other
536:
By the second quarter of the 17th century, Gowa and Talloq had become the most politically and economically powerful polities in eastern
Indonesia. The twin kingdoms' attempt to retain their hegemony brought them to a conflict with the
573:(1666â1669), Wajoq fiercely supported Gowa against the alliance of the VOC and local forces from BonĂ© and elsewhere led by Arung Palakka. Even after the fall of Gowa's court Sombaopu and the formal surrender of Gowa and Talloq, the
392:
by a Wajorese noble. Wajoq then underwent a constitutional change, after which a governing council was established. This council included and was presided by an elective principal ruler, who from then on would be known as the
601:, which was Wajoq's sole access to the sea. Wajoq's complains to the Dutch at Makassar regarding Boné's arbitrary actions were given little attention. By this time, Arung Palakka had been sending soldiers to help the VOC in
1249:
as the formal permanent representation in the government, "respectable" commoners and village heads were also entitled to participate in the occasional extraordinary deliberative assembly which might be held in case the
557:
alliance failed, as Wajoq refused to break its treaty with Gowa to join forces with the rebels. Lacking enough support, the rebellion was successfully quelled by Gowa and Wajoq forces, driving Arung Palakka to escape to
1357:
armaments or renovating the state's mosque. This system allowed a large segment of Wajorese population to participate in commerce while also utilizing their economic power for the benefit of the society as a whole.
1308:
Wajorese texts often reiterate that "the people of Wajoq are free", and that their only master is the customary law, which is based on consensus. The concept of the "freedoms of Wajoq" included, among others:
495:
Nevertheless, by the early 17th century, Gowa and Talloq had succeeded in becoming the most dominant powers in the South Sulawesi peninsula as they bolstered international trade and promoted the new faith of
584:
and continued to resist the Dutch and Boné forces. By mid-1670, Arung Palakka had launched a large-scale invasion of Wajoq. Despite hard resistance from Wajorese defenders, the walled capital city of Tosora
638:, created an official governmental post with the specific role of promoting trade, and set up a fund which can be used for investment on commerce and agriculture as well as for social security purposes.
1451:
members to follow his steps. This was not received favorably by Gowa, who viewed Boné's attempt to spread its religious influence as a direct challenge to its hegemony over South Sulawesi (
426:, which was a powerful polity in South Sulawesi during the 15th century, and presumably was regarded as Wajoq's overlord. Together with Luwuq, Wajoq won a war against the nearby polity of
422:â1521), Wajoq became one of the major Bugis polities. By the turn of the 16th century, Wajoq had been able to secure a relatively higher standing in its relationship with the neighboring
482:
prompted the latter two to sign the Treaty of Timurung, a mutual defense pact initiated by Boné in 1582. The relationship between these three allied Bugis polities, also known as the
3389:
500:. Between 1608 and 1611, Gowa waged successful campaigns throughout South Sulawesi, forcing Soppéng to embrace Islam in 1609, Wajoq in 1610, and Boné in 1611. Thereafter, the
458:
made Gowa and Boné clashed against each other. By this time, Wajoq had also fallen under Gowa's sphere of influence, and supported Gowa in a war against Boné in the 1560s.
438:, a Bugis polity south of Wajoq, emerged victorious against Luwuq, and thus assumed a paramount position in the eastern part of the peninsula. At the same time, the
351:
and new settlements founded. The people of Wajoq themselves associate the origin of their polity with migrations and establishment of new settlements. Wajorese text
2866:
509:
To MappassaungngĂ© (r. 1627â1628) even offered to guard the Gowa capital when its ruler was off for an expedition, despite he was not being obliged to do so.
372:
with the three chiefs of Boliq, whose communities formed the core of Wajoq. La Tenribali was appointed to reign over Boliq lands and thus became the first
630:(r. 1711â1713), even proclaimed it as a moral duty, noting that the people of Wajoq "could not 'stand upright' unless they sought riches". His successor,
2960:
298:
peninsula. It was founded in the 15th century, and reached its peak in the 18th century, when it briefly became the hegemon of South Sulawesi replacing
4029:
3382:
2991:
An Indonesian society and its universe: A study of the Bugis of South Sulawesi (Celebes) and their role within a wider social and economic system
2771:"The emergence of early kingdoms in South Sulawesi: A preliminary remark on governmental contracts from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century"
1341:
Wajoq was the source of most South Sulawesi overseas merchants between late 17th and late 19th centuries. Wajorese commerce extended as far as
339:
in the 14th century, which was encouraged by an increase in external demand for South Sulawesi rice. Population rose as the formerly common
1321:, and the freedom from unjust punishment. These "freedoms", however, had limitations and do not necessarily apply to the whole population.
454:. Early in the century, Gowa had cooperated with Boné in wars against Luwuq and Wajoq, but by the mid of the century their struggles for
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Several rulers ordered their people abroad to buy weapons to rearm Wajoq. Attention was also given to commerce; one particular
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La SamalĂ©wa To Appakiung (r. 1612â1616), for example, was deposed by his people, reportedly because of his arbitrary actions.
249:
224:
1144:
or customary law which delineates the autonomy of local communities; failure to do so may result in removal from office. The
3348:——— (2018). "La Maddukelleng and Civil War in South Sulawesi". In Michael Charney; Kathryn Wellen (eds.).
1117:
or main districts, namely Béttémpola, Tua, and Talotenreng, which represented its three original founding communities. Each
1397:
is variously represented with âšqâ©, âškâ©, âš'â©, or left unwritten. For consistency, this article follows the scheme used in
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1214:
was a member as well as the head. The whole members only convened on certain occasions, including the election of a new
3171:
627:
3024:
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retaliatory invasion from Boné, many Wajorese people came to support La Maddukelleng, and he assumed the position of
310:. It continued to exist in some form up to the mid-20th century, when the self-governing entity was transformed into
3853:
3308:
Wellen, Kathryn Anderson (2009). "Credit among the Early Modern To Wajoq". In David Henley; Peter Boomgaard (eds.).
528:
in Wajoq. This humiliation entrenched a feeling of resentment among the people of Boné towards both Gowa and Wajoq.
3540:
3260:——— (1998). "Merdeka: The Concept of Freedom in Indonesia". In David Kelly; Anthony Reid (eds.).
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631:
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538:
577:
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353:
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125:
336:
3936:
2927:——— (2020). "Of Native Concerns: Brooke, the Bugis and Borneo". In Ooi Keat Gin (ed.).
3919:
3727:
3680:
594:
521:
315:
31:
3279:——— (2016). "The Open Door: Early Modern Wajorese Statecraft and Diaspora (review)".
2909:
The Lands West of the Lakes: A History of the Ajattappareng Kingdoms of South Sulawesi, 1200 to 1600 CE
3350:
Warring societies of pre-colonial Southeast Asia: Local cultures of conflict within a regional context
3117:
2893:[The role of Tosora as the political center of the Kingdom of Wajo in the XVIâXIX centuries].
2890:
2792:
Wajo' in the XVâXVI Centuries: An Exploration of South Sulawesi's Forgotten History from Lontara Texts
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was assisted by three pairs of civilian and military leaders, each pair representing one of the three
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held power over several smaller communities that either chose to affiliate themselves with the said
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1314:
602:
409:
183:
99:
397:(lit. "senior lord"). La Paléwo To Palippu from Béttémpola was chosen by the council as the first
331:
The emergence of Wajoq and other interior polities of South Sulawesi is associated with the major
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responsible to a Makassar lord. A subsequent rebellion led by La Maddaremmeng's brother was also
484:
3958:
2946:
HĂ€gerdal, Hans (2015). "The Open Door: Early Modern Wajorese Statecraft and Diaspora (review)".
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229:
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The Heritage of Arung Palakka: A History of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the Seventeenth Century
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The central governing council of Wajoq consisted of 40 officials, collectively called the
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3929:
2993:(PhD dissertation). London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
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Wajo' pada Abad XVâXVI: Suatu Penggalian Sejarah Terpendam Sulawesi Selatan dari Lontara
3914:
3906:
3838:
3630:
3589:
3464:
3449:
3429:
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1390:
605:, and the VOC did not want to risk severing their relationship with an important ally.
478:
The continued rise of Gowa and its harsh treatment of its Bugis subordinates Wajoq and
340:
295:
187:
112:
2807:
Ammarell, Gene (2002). "Bugis migration and modes of adaptation to local situations".
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1199:; together, these seven officials formed the state's highest governing body, known as
650:
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often "raised to the throne, when the monarchy is elective". The British adventurer
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Credit and Debit in Indonesia: From Peonage to Pawnshop, from Kongsi to Cooperative
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3352:. Studies on Asian topics. Vol. 62. Kopenhagen: NIAS Press. pp. 47â71.
3328:
3239:
2907:
1505:, pp. 574â578). Dates of reign for the first three rulers are not specified.
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tree, under which the then Cinnotabiq ruler La Tenribali supposedly concluded a
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3104:] (in Indonesian). Ujung Pandang: Yayasan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan.
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525:
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3149:[Traditional hierarchy and power in the country of Wadjo' (end)].
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3172:"Religion, tradition and the dynamics of Islamization in South-Sulawesi"
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by his people, reportedly because of his immoral actions. He was later
3241:
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680: Expansion and crisis
3199:
3052:
2891:"Peranan Tosora sebagai pusat pemerintahan Kerajaan Wajo abad XVIâXIX"
1433:
Also known in several manuscripts as La Tenriba or La Tenribabbareng (
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3891:
3599:
610:
517:
3190:
3124:[Traditional hierarchy and power in the country of Wadjo'].
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cultivation. Throughout the interior of the peninsula, forests were
3147:"Hiérarchie et pouvoir traditionnels en pays Wadjo' (suite et fin)"
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3732:
3594:
1402:
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497:
469:
2929:
Borneo and Sulawesi: Indigenous Peoples, Empires and Area Studies
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Asian Freedoms: The Idea of Freedom in East and Southeast Asia
1272:
1222:, in turn, was balanced by three non-noble officials known as
645:
3025:"Arung Singkang (1700-1765): How the victory of Wadjo' began"
1475:, p. 61) dates his reign to 1737â1754, but according to
3330:
The Open Door: Early Modern Wajorese Statecraft and Diaspora
1741:
1739:
1612:
1610:
1226:, who were elected among the elders of each district. These
1171:(lit. "great banner") or standard bearer. The titles of the
3264:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 141â160.
1401:, where âšqâ© is used for the glottal stop, âšeâ© represents a
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1945:
1943:
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Tradition maintains that the name "Wajoq" came from the
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In running the day-to-day administration of Wajoq, the
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Wajoq entered another conflict when the ruler of Boné,
2862:"Finding Cina: A new paradigm for early Bugis history"
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705:
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Political division of southern Sulawesi in around 1590
384:
of Wajoq, La Pateddungi To Samallangiq, was forced to
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agriculture was increasingly replaced with intensive
3122:"Hiérarchie et pouvoir traditionnels en pays Wadjo'"
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30:"Wajo Kingdom" redirects here. For other uses, see
1167:or regent, while the military leader was called a
3256:p. 48 on undang undang laut and amanna gappa
2794:] (in Indonesian). Bandung: Penerbit Alumni.
294:elective principality in the eastern part of the
2860:Caldwell, Ian; Wellen, Kathryn Anderson (2017).
532:Makassar War and Wajorese migrations (1660â1730)
466:alliance and the rise of Gowa-Talloq (1582â1660)
1232:
302:. Wajoq retained its independence until it was
3333:. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
3071:"The Wajorese merchants community in Makassar"
2665:
2614:
2539:
1757:
44:
3383:
3000:"Pasompe' Ugi': Bugis migrants and wanderers"
1230:had considerable power. According to Brooke:
580:(r. 1658â1670) still refused to abide by the
182:âą Disestablished and transformed into a
8:
3075:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
2867:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1235:authority, to call the freemen to the field.
2961:"Precolonial citizenship in South Sulawesi"
2845:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1313:, freedom to act based on one's intention,
3569:
3409:
3390:
3376:
3368:
36:
3312:. Leiden: KITLV Press. pp. 102â123.
3198:
3086:
3051:
2979:
2879:
1175:were taken from the banner they carried:
27:Former state in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
2374:
2264:
1483:, p. 145), he was appointed as the
1472:
1183:or "Multi-colored" for Talotenreng, and
1129:The paramount ruler of Wajoq was titled
1522:
1378:
642:Wajoq under La Maddukelleng (1730â1754)
609:themselves abroad in Makassar, eastern
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541:(VOC), which wanted to monopolize the
2959:Henley, David; Caldwell, Ian (2019).
2931:. London: Routledge. pp. 78â93.
1886:
1718:
1541:
1398:
553:. However, his attempt to revive the
179:
162:
152:
148:
7:
3244:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2680:
2626:
2296:
1210:(lit. "Forty Lords"), of which the
775:La Tadampareq Puang ri Maggalatung
682:the 1730s when the exiled Wajorese
3281:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
3096:Patunru, Abdurrazak Daeng (1983).
589:in December 1670. La Tenrilai was
410:La Tadampareq Puang ri Maggalatung
25:
2238:, pp. 142â143, 190â192, 205.
1195:were at least as powerful as the
1187:or "Yellow" for Tua. Each of the
1138:subordinate to the state and the
1047:La Paddengngeng Puanna Pallaguna
975:La Tenriwerrung Puanna Sangngaji
377:
304:subdued in the early 20th century
3220:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
1367:Early history of Gowa and Talloq
1276:
649:
628:La Tenriwerrung Puanna Sangngaji
247:
222:
4030:Precolonial states of Indonesia
3145:——— (1971b).
2998:——— (1975b).
413:
404:During the reign of the fourth
3327:——— (2014).
3216:——— (1996).
3170:——— (1993).
3069:——— (2000).
2786:——— (1985).
1311:freedom of expressing opinions
1:
2989:Lineton, Jacqueline (1975a).
2981:10.1080/13621025.2019.1603271
1179:or "Scarlet" for Béttémpola,
911:La Temmassongeq Puanna Daéli
736:La Pateddungi To Samallangiq
452:started to expand their power
416:
58:
2769:Abidin, Andi Zainal (1983).
2666:Henley & Caldwell (2019)
2615:Henley & Caldwell (2019)
2540:Henley & Caldwell (2019)
2161:, pp. 37, 124â126, 138.
1758:Caldwell & Wellen (2017)
839:La Sangkuru Patauq Mulajaji
815:La Mappapuli To Appademmeng
566:, seeking aid from the VOC.
327:Early history (c. 1400â1582)
1159:. The civilian leader of a
1015:La Mappajung Puanna Salowo
1007:La Passaung Puanna La Omoq
983:La Saléwangeng To Tenrirua
943:La Pariusi Daéng Manyampaq
879:La Pakallongi To Alinrungi
863:La Pakallongi To Alinrungi
587:fell to the Boné-led forces
380:"sky") of Wajoq. The third
359:Complete Chronicle of Wajoq
4051:
3398:Former states in Indonesia
3023:Noorduyn, Jacobus (1972).
2906:Druce, Stephen C. (2009).
1266:
1023:La Malliungeng To Alléong
632:La Saléwangeng To Tenrirua
45:
29:
3293:10.1017/S002246341600014X
3088:10.1163/22134379-90003836
2881:10.1163/22134379-17302004
1414:Commonly identified as a
1055:La Pawellangi Pajumpéroé
927:La Tenrilai To Sengngeng
903:La Makkaraka To Patemmui
855:La Samaléwa To Appakiung
847:La Mappepulu To Appamolé
831:La Mungkaceq To Uddamang
767:La Tenritumpuq To Langiq
742:
713:
708:
314:in the newly independent
308:Dutch colonial government
201:
197:
171:Dutch colonial government
149:
57:
2653:, pp. 433, 447â448.
2404:, pp. 137, 158â159.
1820:, pp. 116, 131â132.
1395:South Sulawesi languages
1039:La Manang To Appamadeng
887:La Tenrilai To Uddamang
799:La Warani To Temmagiang
783:La Tenripakado To Nampé
578:La Tenrilai To Sengngeng
539:Dutch East India Company
337:political centralization
2775:Southeast Asian Studies
951:La Tenrisessu To Timoé
702:Government and politics
354:Lontaraq Sukkuqna Wajoq
3016:10.3406/arch.1975.1248
2707:, pp. 84, 91, 97.
1405:, and âšĂ©â© represents .
1245:In addition to having
1243:
959:La Mattoneq To Sakkeq
823:La Pakoko To Pabbéleq
475:
333:agricultural expansion
3163:10.3406/arch.1971.965
3138:10.3406/arch.1971.930
2719:, pp. 64â65, 71.
2137:, pp. 56â59, 66.
895:La Sigajang To Bunne
759:La Obbi Settiriwareq
751:La Paléwo To Palippu
473:
316:Republic of Indonesia
109:Common languages
32:Wajo (disambiguation)
3826:Lesser Sunda Islands
2743:, p. 82â83, 97.
2496:, pp. 465, 535.
1760:, pp. 306, 319.
1592:, pp. 348, 359.
1063:La Cincing Akil Ali
919:La Parammaq To RĂ©wo
615:Lesser Sunda Islands
593:, and his successor
51:Akkarungeng ri Wajoq
4035:History of Sulawesi
3102:The History of Wajo
2968:Citizenship Studies
2889:Duli, Akin (2010).
2593:, pp. 23, 175.
2440:, pp. 177â178.
2416:, pp. 176â177.
2299:, pp. 144â145.
2185:, pp. 140â141.
2024:, pp. 142â143.
1937:, pp. 136â137.
1913:, pp. 29, 177.
1844:, pp. 132â133.
1748:, pp. 113â114.
1706:, pp. 112â113.
1667:, pp. 479â482.
1631:, pp. 25, 114.
1619:, pp. 477â478.
1556:, pp. 100â103.
1479:, p. 577) and
1319:freedom of contract
1315:freedom of movement
1263:Culture and society
1113:divided into three
1087:Ishak Manggabarani
967:La Galigo To Sunia
935:La Paliliq To Malu
155:âą Established
2837:Andaya, Leonard Y.
2326:, pp. 30, 69.
2250:, pp. 38, 82.
1568:, pp. 98â100.
1459:, pp. 39â40;
1288:. You can help by
871:To Mappassaungngé
661:. You can help by
619:Straits of Malacca
603:a campaign in Java
595:La Paliliq To Malu
476:
159:early 15th century
4017:
4016:
3704:
3703:
3559:
3558:
3118:Pelras, Christian
2912:. Leiden: Brill.
2897:(in Indonesian).
2428:, pp. 49â50.
2314:, pp. 82â83.
2226:, pp. 37â38.
2173:, pp. 33â35.
2149:, pp. 31â32.
2113:, pp. 50â52.
2089:, pp. 45â47.
2048:, pp. 42â43.
2036:, pp. 29â30.
2012:, pp. 41â42.
1988:, pp. 39â40.
1952:, pp. 37â38.
1877:, pp. 30â31.
1544:, pp. 34â36.
1306:
1305:
1110:
1109:
679:
678:
582:Treaty of Bungaya
450:to the west also
442:twin kingdoms of
273:
272:
259:
258:
255:
254:
235:
234:
104:
97:
86:
78:
74:Dutch East Indies
16:(Redirected from
4042:
3967:
3950:
3933:
3854:Solor Watan Lema
3738:Lanfang Republic
3570:
3410:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3323:
3304:
3275:
3255:
3231:
3212:
3202:
3176:
3166:
3141:
3113:
3092:
3090:
3065:
3055:
3029:
3019:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2965:
2955:
2942:
2923:
2902:
2885:
2883:
2874:(2â3): 296â324.
2856:
2832:
2803:
2782:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2695:, p. 67â68.
2690:
2684:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2268:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1470:
1464:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1412:
1406:
1383:
1331:Rajah of Sarawak
1301:
1298:
1280:
1273:
1241:
1103:Andiq Mangkonaq
1031:La Mallalengeng
991:La Maddukelleng
706:
674:
671:
653:
646:
591:killed in action
562:, and later, to
421:
418:
415:
379:
251:
250:
239:
238:
226:
225:
219:
218:
203:
202:
102:
95:
84:
76:
63:
60:
48:
47:
41:Kingdom of Wajoq
37:
21:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4013:
3990:
3961:
3944:
3927:
3901:
3858:
3820:
3772:
3700:
3619:
3555:
3541:Sumedang Larang
3499:
3399:
3396:
3366:
3360:
3347:
3341:
3326:
3320:
3307:
3278:
3272:
3259:
3252:
3234:
3228:
3215:
3191:10.2307/3351245
3174:
3169:
3144:
3116:
3095:
3068:
3044:10.2307/3350682
3027:
3022:
2997:
2988:
2963:
2958:
2945:
2939:
2926:
2920:
2905:
2888:
2859:
2853:
2835:
2821:10.2307/4153020
2806:
2785:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2521:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2381:
2375:Noorduyn (1972)
2373:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2271:
2265:Lineton (1975b)
2263:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1471:
1467:
1463:, p. 142).
1445:
1441:
1437:, p. 399).
1432:
1428:
1424:, p. 403).
1413:
1409:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1363:
1339:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1286:needs expansion
1271:
1265:
1252:Arung Patampulu
1242:
1239:
1220:Arung Patampulu
1218:. The power of
1208:Arung Patampulu
1095:La Tenrioddang
709:List of rulers
704:
698:
684:La Maddukelleng
675:
669:
666:
659:needs expansion
644:
636:akkajenangngeng
534:
514:La Maddaremmeng
468:
419:
370:social contract
329:
324:
278:, also spelled
248:
223:
190:
173:
156:
98:
79:
61:
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3956:
3951:
3939:
3934:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Samudera Pasai
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3573:Hindu/Buddhist
3567:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3413:Hindu/Buddhist
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3345:
3339:
3324:
3318:
3305:
3287:(2): 312â315.
3276:
3270:
3257:
3250:
3232:
3226:
3213:
3185:(1): 133â154.
3167:
3142:
3114:
3093:
3081:(3): 473â498.
3066:
3020:
2995:
2986:
2974:(3): 240â255.
2956:
2943:
2937:
2924:
2918:
2903:
2886:
2857:
2851:
2833:
2804:
2783:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2683:, p. 147.
2670:
2668:, p. 250.
2655:
2643:
2641:, p. 481.
2631:
2629:, p. 148.
2619:
2617:, p. 246.
2607:
2595:
2583:
2581:, p. 165.
2571:
2569:, p. 485.
2559:
2557:, p. 178.
2544:
2542:, p. 245.
2527:
2525:, p. 482.
2510:
2508:, p. 385.
2498:
2486:
2469:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2338:, p. 137.
2328:
2316:
2301:
2286:
2269:
2267:, p. 178.
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2214:, p. 143.
2199:
2197:, pp. 36.
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
2000:, p. 142.
1990:
1978:
1966:
1964:, p. 576.
1954:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1889:, p. 249.
1879:
1867:
1846:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1784:, p. 114.
1774:
1762:
1750:
1735:
1723:
1721:, p. 228.
1708:
1696:
1681:
1679:, p. 575.
1669:
1657:
1655:, p. 174.
1645:
1643:, p. 478.
1633:
1621:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1532:, p. 498.
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1492:, p. 56).
1473:Noorduyn (1972
1465:
1455:, p. 29;
1439:
1426:
1407:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1338:
1335:
1304:
1303:
1283:
1281:
1264:
1261:
1237:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:La Passamulaq
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
972:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
956:
955:
952:
948:
947:
944:
940:
939:
936:
932:
931:
928:
924:
923:
920:
916:
915:
912:
908:
907:
904:
900:
899:
896:
892:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
876:
875:
872:
868:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
844:
843:
840:
836:
835:
832:
828:
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:La Temassongé
788:
787:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
748:
747:
740:
739:
737:
733:
732:
730:
726:
725:
723:
719:
718:
711:
710:
703:
700:
677:
676:
656:
654:
643:
640:
533:
530:
467:
460:
328:
325:
323:
320:
296:South Sulawesi
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
245:
236:
233:
232:
227:
215:
214:
209:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:South Sulawesi
181:
178:
177:
174:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:
136:
135:Historical era
132:
131:
126:constitutional
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
70:
66:
65:
55:
54:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4047:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
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3935:
3931:
3926:
3923:
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3918:
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3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
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3890:
3888:
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3883:
3880:
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3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
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3865:
3861:
3855:
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3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
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3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
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3716:
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3713:
3711:
3707:
3697:
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3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
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3672:
3669:
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3664:
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3659:
3657:
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3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
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3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3568:
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3562:
3552:
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3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3361:
3359:9788776942281
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3340:9780875807126
3336:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3319:9789067183505
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3271:9780521637572
3267:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:9780300054125
3247:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3236:Reid, Anthony
3233:
3229:
3227:9780631172314
3223:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:(in French).
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3128:(in French).
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3038:(13): 61â68.
3037:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2938:9780429430602
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2919:9789004253827
2915:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2901:(2): 143â158.
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2852:9789024724635
2848:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2781:(4): 455â491.
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2755:, p. 76.
2754:
2753:Wellen (2014)
2749:
2746:
2742:
2741:Wellen (2009)
2737:
2734:
2731:, p. 84.
2730:
2729:Wellen (2009)
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:Wellen (2014)
2713:
2710:
2706:
2705:Wellen (2009)
2701:
2698:
2694:
2693:Wellen (2014)
2689:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:Abidin (1985)
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:Abidin (1983)
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2605:, p. 51.
2604:
2603:Wellen (2018)
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:Wellen (2014)
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:Wellen (2014)
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:Abidin (1985)
2563:
2560:
2556:
2555:Pelras (1996)
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:Abidin (1983)
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:Abidin (1985)
2502:
2499:
2495:
2494:Abidin (1985)
2490:
2487:
2484:, p. 23.
2483:
2482:Wellen (2014)
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2467:, p. 22.
2466:
2465:Wellen (2014)
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:, p. 50.
2451:
2450:Wellen (2018)
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:Pelras (1996)
2434:
2431:
2427:
2426:Wellen (2018)
2422:
2419:
2415:
2414:Pelras (1996)
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:Wellen (2014)
2398:
2395:
2392:, p. 57.
2391:
2390:Wellen (2018)
2386:
2384:
2380:
2377:, p. 61.
2376:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2362:, p. 56.
2361:
2360:Wellen (2018)
2356:
2353:
2350:, p. 55.
2349:
2348:Wellen (2018)
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:Wellen (2014)
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:Wellen (2014)
2320:
2317:
2313:
2312:Wellen (2009)
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2284:, p. 82.
2283:
2282:Wellen (2009)
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:Wellen (2009)
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:Andaya (1981)
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:Wellen (2014)
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:Andaya (1981)
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2195:Wellen (2014)
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:Andaya (1981)
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:Wellen (2014)
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:Andaya (1981)
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Wellen (2014)
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:Andaya (1981)
2131:
2128:
2125:, p. 54.
2124:
2123:Andaya (1981)
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:Andaya (1981)
2107:
2104:
2101:, p. 49.
2100:
2099:Andaya (1981)
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:Andaya (1981)
2083:
2080:
2077:, p. 43.
2076:
2075:Andaya (1981)
2071:
2068:
2065:, p. 30.
2064:
2063:Wellen (2014)
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:Andaya (1981)
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:Wellen (2014)
2030:
2027:
2023:
2022:Pelras (1996)
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:Andaya (1981)
2006:
2003:
1999:
1998:Pelras (1996)
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:Andaya (1981)
1982:
1979:
1976:, p. 40.
1975:
1974:Andaya (1981)
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:Abidin (1985)
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Andaya (1981)
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Pelras (1996)
1931:
1928:
1925:, p. 33.
1924:
1923:Andaya (1981)
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:Wellen (2014)
1907:
1904:
1901:, p. 31.
1900:
1899:Andaya (1981)
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:Andaya (1981)
1871:
1868:
1865:, p. 29.
1864:
1863:Wellen (2014)
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:Pelras (1996)
1838:
1835:
1832:, p. 30.
1831:
1830:Andaya (1981)
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:Pelras (1996)
1814:
1811:
1808:, p. 23.
1807:
1806:Andaya (1981)
1802:
1799:
1796:, p. 24.
1795:
1794:Andaya (1981)
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:Pelras (1996)
1778:
1775:
1772:, p. 22.
1771:
1770:Andaya (1981)
1766:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:Pelras (1996)
1742:
1740:
1736:
1733:, p. 21.
1732:
1731:Andaya (1981)
1727:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Pelras (1996)
1700:
1697:
1694:, p. 28.
1693:
1692:Wellen (2014)
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:Abidin (1985)
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:Abidin (1983)
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:Wellen (2014)
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:Abidin (1983)
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:Wellen (2014)
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:Abidin (1983)
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:, p. 24.
1603:
1602:Wellen (2014)
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:Abidin (1985)
1586:
1583:
1580:, p. 27.
1579:
1578:Wellen (2014)
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:Pelras (1996)
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:Pelras (1996)
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:Abidin (1985)
1526:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1501:Adapted from
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1284:This section
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:was called a
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:La Maddanaca
998:
997:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
941:
937:
934:
933:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
917:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:La Mallageni
806:
805:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
749:
745:
741:
738:
735:
734:
731:
728:
727:
724:
722:La Tenribali
721:
720:
716:
712:
707:
701:
699:
696:
695:at the time.
694:
690:
685:
673:
664:
660:
657:This section
655:
652:
648:
647:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
599:Cenrana River
596:
592:
588:
583:
579:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
556:
552:
551:Arung Palakka
548:
544:
540:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
503:
499:
493:
491:
487:
486:
481:
472:
465:
461:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
391:
387:
383:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
266:
264:Today part of
262:
246:
244:
241:
240:
237:
231:
228:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
175:
172:
168:
158:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
101:
93:
89:
83:
75:
71:
67:
56:
52:
46:ášášášášášáš ášáš ášášáš
38:
33:
19:
3954:South Maluku
3805:
3495:Tarumanagara
3349:
3329:
3309:
3284:
3280:
3261:
3240:
3217:
3182:
3178:
3154:
3150:
3129:
3125:
3101:
3098:Sejarah Wajo
3097:
3078:
3074:
3035:
3031:
3007:
3003:
2990:
2971:
2967:
2951:
2947:
2928:
2908:
2898:
2894:
2871:
2865:
2841:
2815:(1): 51â67.
2812:
2808:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2762:Bibliography
2748:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2501:
2489:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1887:Druce (2009)
1882:
1870:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1726:
1719:Druce (2009)
1699:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1542:Druce (2009)
1537:
1525:
1503:Abidin (1985
1497:
1484:
1481:Wellen (2014
1477:Abidin (1985
1468:
1448:
1442:
1429:
1415:
1410:
1399:Druce (2009)
1387:glottal stop
1381:
1355:
1340:
1327:James Brooke
1323:
1307:
1294:
1290:adding to it
1285:
1269:Bugis people
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:James Brooke
1233:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1106:(1933â1949)
1098:(1926â1933)
1090:(1900â1916)
1082:(1892â1897)
1074:(1885â1891)
1066:(1859â1885)
1058:(1854â1859)
1050:(1839â1845)
1042:(1821â1825)
1034:(1795â1817)
1026:(1767â1770)
1018:(1761â1767)
1010:(1758â1761)
1002:(1754â1755)
994:(1736â1754)
986:(1715â1736)
978:(1712â1715)
970:(1703â1712)
962:(1702â1703)
954:(1699â1702)
946:(1679â1699)
938:(1670â1679)
930:(1658â1670)
922:(1651â1658)
914:(1648â1651)
906:(1643â1648)
898:(1639â1643)
890:(1636â1639)
882:(1628â1636)
874:(1627â1628)
866:(1621â1626)
858:(1616â1621)
850:(1612â1616)
842:(1607â1610)
834:(1567â1607)
826:(1564â1567)
818:(1547â1564)
802:(1538â1547)
794:(1535â1538)
786:(1524â1535)
778:(1491â1521)
770:(1486â1481)
762:(1481â1486)
754:(1474â1481)
743:
729:La Mataesso
714:
697:
692:
688:
680:
667:
663:adding to it
658:
635:
623:
607:
574:
571:Makassar War
568:
554:
535:
526:unpaid labor
511:
506:
501:
494:
483:
477:
463:
432:Ajatappareng
405:
403:
398:
394:
390:assassinated
381:
373:
365:
363:
358:
352:
330:
312:Wajo Regency
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
243:Wajo Regency
212:Succeeded by
211:
206:
139:Early modern
96:(until 1906)
50:
18:Wajo Kingdom
3962: [
3945: [
3942:Negeri Soya
3928: [
3768:Tanjungpura
3748:Negara Daha
3743:Negara Dipa
3681:Riau-Lingga
3580:Dharmasraya
3157:: 197â223.
3132:: 169â191.
3010:: 173â201.
2681:Reid (1998)
2627:Reid (1998)
2297:Duli (2010)
1490:Wellen 2018
1485:arung matoa
1461:Pelras 1996
1457:Andaya 1981
1453:Wellen 2014
1449:Tellumpocco
1435:Abidin 1985
1422:Abidin 1985
1257:arung matoa
1216:arung matoa
1212:arung matoa
1201:Petta Wajoq
1197:arung matoa
1153:arung matoa
1146:arung matoa
1135:arung matoa
1131:arung matoa
744:Arung Matoa
693:Tellumpocco
689:arung matoa
624:arung matoa
575:arung matoa
569:During the
555:Tellumpocco
543:spice trade
507:arung matoa
502:Tellumpocco
485:Tellumpocco
464:Tellumpocco
420: 1491
406:arung matoa
399:arung matoa
395:arung matoa
207:Preceded by
143:late modern
103:(1906â1957)
85:(1949â1957)
77:(1906â1949)
62: 1400
4024:Categories
3959:Tanah Hitu
3864:West Timor
3710:Kalimantan
3676:Pagaruyung
3551:Yogyakarta
3526:Kalinyamat
3480:Singhasari
3475:Shailendra
3420:Blambangan
3200:1813/54026
3053:1813/53538
2948:HumaNetten
1513:References
1393:and other
1351:New Guinea
1297:April 2020
1267:See also:
1193:baté lompo
1173:baté lompo
1169:baté lompo
670:April 2020
617:, and the
505:Gowa. The
490:Tunijalloq
401:of Wajoq.
230:Cinnotabiq
167:Subjugated
119:Government
3844:Larantuka
3753:Pontianak
3671:Palembang
3615:Srivijaya
3605:Samaskuta
3546:Surakarta
3485:Srivijaya
3455:Majapahit
3440:Kahuripan
3301:163982901
3218:The Bugis
3179:Indonesia
3120:(1971a).
3110:215821862
3032:Indonesia
2809:Ethnology
1518:Citations
1420:species (
1417:Macaranga
1185:Cakkuridi
746:of Wajoq
717:of Wajoq
428:Sidénréng
268:Indonesia
82:Indonesia
4009:Salawati
3882:Amanuban
3877:Amanatun
3778:Sulawesi
3728:Bulungan
3610:Sanfotsi
3445:Kalingga
3435:Janggala
3238:(1993).
3151:Archipel
3126:Archipel
3004:Archipel
2954:: 50â52.
2895:Walennae
2839:(1981).
2800:12901929
1361:See also
1347:Cambodia
1329:(future
1247:punggawa
1238:â
1228:punggawa
1224:punggawa
1071:La Koro
547:Moluccas
456:hegemony
440:Makassar
386:abdicate
376:(ruler,
345:wet rice
290:, was a
129:monarchy
123:Elective
100:SĂ©ngkang
80:Part of
72:Part of
4004:Kaimana
3981:Jailolo
3971:Ternate
3925:Huamual
3920:Honimoa
3887:Amarasi
3811:Banggai
3763:Sarawak
3691:Serdang
3666:Malacca
3661:Langkat
3624:Islamic
3585:Kantoli
3565:Sumatra
3531:Mataram
3516:Cirebon
3504:Islamic
3470:Sanjaya
3460:Mataram
3209:3351245
3062:3350682
2829:4153020
1343:Sumatra
1337:Economy
1189:ranreng
1165:ranreng
810:(1547)
564:Batavia
545:in the
522:quashed
480:Soppéng
349:cleared
341:swidden
322:History
306:by the
184:regency
169:by the
165:âą
145:periods
94:Tosora
91:Capital
3976:Tidore
3937:Loloda
3907:Maluku
3897:Wehali
3892:Sonbai
3849:Mengwi
3758:Sambas
3723:Brunei
3718:Banjar
3641:Asahan
3600:Pannai
3590:Malayu
3536:Pajang
3511:Banten
3465:Rajasa
3450:Kediri
3430:Ishana
3356:
3337:
3316:
3299:
3268:
3248:
3224:
3207:
3108:
3060:
2935:
2916:
2849:
2827:
2798:
1349:, and
1181:Patola
1133:. The
715:Batara
613:, the
611:Borneo
518:regent
448:Talloq
382:batara
374:batara
69:Status
3996:Papua
3986:Bacan
3966:]
3949:]
3932:]
3872:Amabi
3796:Buton
3733:Kutai
3656:Johor
3651:Jambi
3595:Mauli
3521:Demak
3490:Sunda
3425:Galuh
3297:S2CID
3205:JSTOR
3175:(PDF)
3100:[
3058:JSTOR
3028:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2825:JSTOR
2790:[
1403:schwa
1391:Bugis
1373:Notes
1191:and
1177:Pilla
1161:limpo
1157:limpo
1123:limpo
1119:limpo
1115:limpo
560:Buton
498:Islam
424:Luwuq
366:bajoq
292:Bugis
288:Wajok
286:, or
284:Wajo'
276:Wajoq
113:Bugis
64:â1957
3839:Bima
3834:Bali
3816:Suai
3806:Wajo
3801:Luwu
3791:Bone
3786:Gowa
3696:Siak
3646:Deli
3631:Aceh
3405:Java
3354:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3314:ISBN
3266:ISBN
3246:ISBN
3222:ISBN
3106:OCLC
2933:ISBN
2914:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2796:OCLC
1385:The
1141:adat
462:The
446:and
444:Gowa
436:Boné
378:lit.
335:and
300:Boné
280:Wajo
193:1957
176:1906
3915:Iha
3636:Aru
3289:doi
3195:hdl
3187:doi
3159:doi
3134:doi
3083:doi
3079:156
3048:hdl
3040:doi
3012:doi
2976:doi
2876:doi
2872:173
2817:doi
1389:in
1292:.
665:.
430:in
186:of
141:to
4026::
3964:id
3947:id
3930:id
3295:.
3285:47
3283:.
3203:.
3193:.
3183:57
3181:.
3177:.
3077:.
3073:.
3056:.
3046:.
3036:13
3034:.
3030:.
3008:10
3006:.
3002:.
2972:23
2970:.
2966:.
2952:35
2950:.
2899:12
2870:.
2864:.
2823:.
2813:41
2811:.
2779:20
2777:.
2773:.
2673:^
2658:^
2547:^
2530:^
2513:^
2472:^
2457:^
2382:^
2367:^
2304:^
2289:^
2272:^
2255:^
2202:^
2053:^
1942:^
1849:^
1738:^
1711:^
1684:^
1609:^
1345:,
1317:,
1259:.
1203:.
626:,
492:.
417:c.
414:r.
408:,
318:.
282:,
59:c.
3391:e
3384:t
3377:v
3362:.
3343:.
3322:.
3303:.
3291::
3274:.
3254:.
3230:.
3211:.
3197::
3189::
3165:.
3161::
3155:2
3140:.
3136::
3130:1
3112:.
3091:.
3085::
3064:.
3050::
3042::
3018:.
3014::
2984:.
2978::
2941:.
2922:.
2884:.
2878::
2855:.
2831:.
2819::
2802:.
1488:(
1299:)
1295:(
672:)
668:(
412:(
357:(
34:.
20:)
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