507:
products of bacterial metabolism. The surrounding rock must have consolidated very rapidly to allow the three-dimensional preservation. Organic matter made the closed micro-environment anaerobic; decay proceeded by sulfate reducing bacteria producing bicarbonate and sulfide byproducts (Allison, 1990). A slightly alkaline environment, saturated with carbonate, with bicarbonate build-up may have led to highly localized calcium carbonate precipitation. Pyrite formation, more common in such circumstances, may have been inhibited because of the small amount of iron in the carbonate sediment.
502:
uniquely preserved as sparry calcite infilings. Exceptionally fine detail of the appendages was preserved and has undergone very little compaction (a contrast to other sites). This type of preservation is only apparent when a specimen is sliced and the cut surface is polished or a thin section made.
377:
The
Walcott–Rust quarry is excavated into beds of the lower part of the Rust Formation and consist of a distinctive one meter package of generally tabular, fine grained lime mudstone with a few bioturbated beds, part of a series of shallowing upward cycles that commence with dark shales that grade
348:
Walcott left the area and active working of the quarry in 1876 (his wife Lura Ann died of tuberculosis on
January 23, 1876) although he returned for brief periods throughout his career. In 1876/7 Walcott published several papers on trilobite appendages, the first documentation of these features. In
506:
A sequence of events was necessary for this appendage preservation to take place. The trilobites that show the best soft tissue preservation were buried when partially enrolled inside the layer. The burial was in lime sediment and that may have buffered the micro-environment against any acidic
364:
Rust and his friends continued to extract and sell specimens from the quarry until Rust's death in 1897. It is estimated that over the years 8,600 square feet (800 m) were excavated. The old fossil quarry site was reopened in 1990 by Thomas E. Whiteley (also involved in the rediscovery of
338:. At this meeting between Walcott and Agassiz, Walcott mentioned that he had seen evidence of appendages and soft tissue, which Agassiz recommended he pursue. Discovery of soft body preservation at the Walcott–Rust quarry pre-dates Walcott's discovery of the more famous
310:. The presence of so many well preserved trilobites in one location alone qualifies the beds as an exceptional trilobite site, but the beds are further distinguished as the source of the first trilobites for which appendages were definitively described.
322:
working a new trilobite locality in Upper
Ordovician limestones on a creek near the Rust farm, where Walcott had recently moved. Walcott and Rust began to quarry the site with Walcott marrying Rust's daughter Laura Ann on January 9, 1872.
422:
are found (complete or partially complete) throughout the deposit often associated with echinoderms. 22 of the 50 recognized beds were found to yield at least one complete articulated trilobite and/or echinoderm (primarily
385:
Fossils occur at the bases, tops and within a number of the storm units. Fossils represented in the
Walcott–Rust quarry beds reflect a shelf community that developed during times of rather low net sedimentation and minimal
503:
Also, only those specimens which are partially enrolled show a significant amount of this type of preservation. For these reasons it is unlikely that this preservation would be obvious to anyone collecting trilobites.
791:
Carlton E. Brett; Gordon C. Baird (2002). "Revised stratigraphy of the
Trenton Group in its type area, central New York State: sedimentology and tectonics of a Middle Ordovician shelf-to-basin succession".
891:
948:
908:
467:
Walcott–Rust Quarry is the single richest and most varied source of trilobites in the New York
Trenton Group limestones and perhaps in the entire suite of New York Paleozoic rocks.
318:
By 1860 William Palmer Rust (1826–1897) and his father Hiram were actively excavating fossils from quarries on the family farm originally opened for building stone. 1870 saw
486:
layer") yields specimens that are uniquely preserved with calcified appendages, forming the basis of
Walcott's earliest and still classic papers which first documented
928:
573:
Brett, Carlton E.; Whiteley, Thomas E.; Allison, Peter A.; Yochelson, Ellis L. (1999). "The
Walcott–Rust quarry: Middle Ordovician trilobite Konservat-Lagerstatten".
933:
953:
913:
623:
943:
306:
appendages resulted from early consolidation (cementation) of the surrounding rock, followed by spar filling of the interior cavity within the
535:
923:
938:
707:
Walcott, C.D. (Dec 1876). "Preliminary notice of the discovery of the remains of the natatory and brachial appendages of trilobites".
684:
873:
Whiteley, T.; Brett, C.E.; Lehmann, D.F. (1993). "The
Walcott–Rust quarry: a unique Ordovician trilobite and crinoid Lagerstätte".
194:
754:"Presentation of the Harrell L. Strimple Award of the Paleontological Society to Thomas E. Whitely/response by Thomeas E. Whitely"
398:
Exquisitely preserved fossils, including at least 18 species of trilobites, have been documented. The four most common trilobites
390:
of the bottom. These communities were episodically smothered by sediment layers re-suspended by storms in shallower water.
958:
838:
Brower, James C. (2008). "Some disparid crinoids from the upper
Ordovician (Shermanian) Walcott–Rust quarry of New York".
358:
331:
187:
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753:
354:
319:
295:
269:
233:
769:
378:
into fine-grained limestones. Many of these thin layers yield evidence for rapid deposition as distal carbonate
737:
Walcott, C.D. (Sep 20, 1877b). "Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Chazy and Trenton limestones".
918:
801:
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126:
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Walcott, C.D. (Sep 20, 1877a). "Notes on some sections of trilobites from the Trenton limestone".
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limbs of trilobites. Trilobites appendages are preserved in specimens of
487:
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and sold the fossils he and Rust had collected between 1873 and 1879 to
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436:
298:, is an excellent example of an obrution (rapid burial or "smothered")
106:
81:
851:
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Walcott–Rust quarry from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
635:
Yochelson, E. L. (1967). "Charles Doolittle Walcott 1850-1927".
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Whiteley, Thomas E.; Kloc, Gerald J.; Brett, Carlton E. (2002).
350:
739:
31st Annual Report New York State Museum Natural History (1879)
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31st Annual Report New York State Museum Natural History (1879)
709:
28th Annual Report New York State Museum Natural History (1879)
770:
10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0831:POTHLS]2.0.CO;2
658:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. p. 584.
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Buildings and structures in Herkimer County, New York
875:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
326:In 1873 Walcott and Rust sold their collections to
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186:
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637:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs
909:Paleozoic paleontological sites of North America
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794:Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
752:Brett, Carlton E.; Whiteley, Thomas E. (2005).
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349:1879 Walcott took up his appointment with the
8:
526:Trilobites of New York: an illustrated guide
517:Walcott–Rust quarry summary from Sam Gon III
373:Sedimentology and environment of deposition
29:
656:Charles Doolittle Walcott, Paleontologist
427:). More specifically, the fauna includes
827:Trilobite fauna summary from Sam Gon III
27:Fossil site in Herkimer County, New York
929:Geologic formations of New York (state)
672:; Erwin, D. H.; Collier, F. J. (1995),
581:(2). Paleontological Society: 288–305.
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934:Geography of Herkimer County, New York
679:, Washington: Smithsonian Inst Press,
478:Taphonomy and exceptional preservation
7:
625:William Rust biography from Harvard
25:
954:Paleontology in New York (state)
914:Ordovician paleontological sites
41:: Upper Ordovician (Shermanian)
369:) and extensively re-examined.
1:
944:Quarries in the United States
814:10.1016/S1474-7065(01)00007-9
359:Museum of Comparative Zoology
332:Museum of Comparative Zoology
530:. Cornell University Press.
924:Trilobites of North America
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939:Mining in New York (state)
435:, 11 described species of
654:Yochelson, E. L. (1998).
595:10.1017/S0022336000027773
320:Charles Doolittle Walcott
302:. Unique preservation of
296:Herkimer County, New York
270:Charles Doolittle Walcott
37:
840:Journal of Paleontology
758:Journal of Paleontology
575:Journal of Paleontology
367:Beecher's Trilobite Bed
475:
210:43.27722°N 75.13889°W
959:1870 in paleontology
127:Geological formation
806:2002PCE....27..231B
587:1999JPal...73..288B
472:Brett et al. (1999)
314:Historical overview
292:Walcott–Rust quarry
215:43.27722; -75.13889
206: /
39:Stratigraphic range
33:Walcott–Rust quarry
18:Walcott-Rust quarry
336:Harvard University
272:& William Rust
169:Micritic limestone
537:978-0-8014-3969-8
382:or storm layers.
355:Alexander Agassiz
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16:(Redirected from
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800:(1–3): 231–63.
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140:Spillway Member
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138:Rust Formation,
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413:Isotelus gigas
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686:1-56098-659-X
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676:Burgess Shale
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496:Flexicalymene
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461:edrioasteroid
458:
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407:Flexicalymene
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345:by 40 years.
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340:Burgess Shale
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328:Louis Agassiz
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44:457–454
40:
36:
31:
19:
919:Lagerstätten
887:
878:
874:
868:
846:(1): 57–77.
843:
839:
833:
822:
797:
793:
786:
764:(4): 831–4.
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757:
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394:Fossil fauna
388:bioturbation
384:
376:
363:
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325:
317:
291:
289:
281:
261:Type section
256:Very limited
148:Small quarry
445:rhombiferan
441:paracrinoid
429:brachiopods
343:lagerstätte
300:Lagerstätte
213: /
188:Coordinates
903:Categories
643:: 471–540.
546:References
459:, and one
380:turbidites
308:appendages
198:43°16′38″N
156:c. 1 metre
860:131210892
778:130851276
695:231793738
611:132906923
457:ophiuroid
453:asteroids
433:bryozoans
304:trilobite
266:Named for
201:75°8′20″W
161:Lithology
153:Thickness
881:(4): 89.
741:: 68–71.
711:: 89–92.
511:See also
492:Ceraurus
488:biramous
484:Ceraurus
470:—
449:carpoids
437:crinoids
425:crinoids
401:Ceraurus
277:Named by
182:Location
802:Bibcode
726:: 61–3.
603:1306785
583:Bibcode
451:", two
447:, two "
357:at the
330:at the
245:Country
166:Primary
133:Unit of
113:↓
858:
776:
693:
683:
609:
601:
534:
498:, and
455:, one
443:, one
439:, one
416:, and
284:(1999)
282:et al.
280:Brett
253:Extent
230:Russia
226:Region
856:S2CID
774:S2CID
607:S2CID
599:JSTOR
294:, in
177:Shale
174:Other
691:OCLC
681:ISBN
532:ISBN
351:USGS
290:The
145:Area
123:Type
52:PreꞒ
848:doi
810:doi
766:doi
591:doi
248:USA
905::
879:26
877:.
854:.
844:82
842:.
808:.
798:27
796:.
772:.
762:79
760:.
756:.
689:,
641:39
639:.
605:.
597:.
589:.
579:73
577:.
553:^
494:,
463:.
431:,
410:,
404:,
361:.
334:,
236:,
232:,
102:Pg
46:Ma
862:.
850::
816:.
812::
804::
780:.
768::
613:.
593::
585::
540:.
240:.
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:Ꞓ
20:)
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