360:
greater part of its reproductive resources for seed production, allowing it to adapt to different water conditions. Controlling the seeding rate favors high-quality strand of barley. The sowing rate for wall barley increases when seed production and forage increases. This helps to obtain ideal and sustainable forage and seed yield in rangelands of Jordan. The height of the plant and protein content does not respond to seeding rates, but the height of the plant and protein content does vary with years. Anatomical characteristics of leaf blades differ between the taxa. This weedy species along with hare barley and smooth barley can be hard to control.
44:
57:
401:. This subspecies grows in tufts from 10 to 40 cm (4 to 16 in) in height, and its flowers are attached to branches rather than to the main axis. It is native to the Mediterranean region near continental, oceanic, and colder climates, as well as northern Africa and temperate Asia, and it is widely naturalised elsewhere. It was first published as the full species
359:
Precipitation is the most important factor in the production of seeds for this species. A greater quantity of dry material is produced with medium precipitation and better distribution. In drier years with early or late rainfalls, there is no chance of re-seeding for this species. The species uses a
330:. It is an annual winter species whose seeds germinate and develop in the spring. It is also referred to as wall barley and are tetraploids. It is distinct from other species of the genus because of its morphology and molecular genetics. It is also distinct because of the barriers it has with the
680:
1020:
526:
is considered a difficult weed in cereal crop fields, it is useful for feeding grazing animals. It is also the main source of forage for cattle production in areas with water deficits.
1510:
534:
In
England in the late 20th century among children the plant was referred to colloquially as the 'Flea Dart', from the aerodynamic shape of its seedhead, and the
1575:
316:
It can grow to 30 cm in height, and its unbranched spikes can reach 10 cm long. It produces small, dry nutlets and its leaves can be 8 millimetres (
1435:
651:
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978:
1657:
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1131:
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El-Shatnawi, M. K. J.; Turk, M.; Saoub, H. M. (2003-03-01). "Effects of sowing rate on growth and protein contents of wall barley (
293:
is quite widespread and common. It flowers during May through July in mainly coastal areas. It is an ancient introduction in the
1752:
1497:
764:
588:
451:
The above subspecies differ primarily because of their chromosome numbers, spikelet morphology, and geographical distribution.
1706:
406:
1636:
1528:
1562:
983:
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Jakob, Sabine; Blattner, Frank (2010). "Two extinct diploid progenitors were involved in allopolyploid formation in the
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1257:
789:
1342:
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183:
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Fleet, Benjamin; Gill, Gurjeet (2012-07-01). "Seed
Dormancy and Seedling Recruitment in Smooth Barley (
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1383:
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597:
43:
1362:
1554:
1719:
1427:
1422:
1215:
1153:
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417:, though today some authorities maintain it at the species level. Jakob & Blattner 2009 find
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51:
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1207:
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1143:
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1069:"Progress in phylogenetic analysis and a new infrageneric classification of the barley genus
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798:
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94:
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populations. They find that another species of the same group – an extinct member of the
894:
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is more dominant in areas where the rainfall is greater than 425 mm (17 in).
81:
1006:
639:
P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker (eds.).
1741:
1536:
294:
199:
107:
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918:
818:
697:
1724:
1375:
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1306:
729:"Targeting Weed Seeds In-Crop: A New Weed Control Paradigm for Global Agriculture"
1319:
625:
1698:
1567:
1549:
1474:
1289:
1195:
1187:
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Mizianty, M. (2006-07-20). "Variability and structure of natural populations of
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that are often present within it in its immature state. In China the subspecies
120:
640:
1139:
902:
609:
507:
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is in the
Mediterranean area, Central Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa.
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is more dominant in semiarid regions where rainfall is less than that.
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Molnár-Láng, Márta; Ceoloni, Carla; Doležel, Jaroslav, eds. (2015).
1502:
1401:
302:
68:
1388:
681:"Effect of quality and distribution of rainfall of rainfalls on
1255:
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taxa when it comes to its ability to cross with other species.
1045:. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
510:, and another unknown extinct species then contributed to the
448:. It appears in warmer climates of the Mediterranean region.
1242:'Wall Barely' entry in the 'Plant-Lore' website (2019).
1021:
727:
Walsh, Michael; Newman, Peter; Powles, Stephen (2013).
496:
is the only extant parent contributing to contemporary
409:
in 1834. In 1882 it was redescribed as a subspecies of
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883:African Journal of Range & Forage Science
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943:Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database
720:
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881:L.) grown under Mediterranean conditions".
1252:
1032:
1030:
42:
31:
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652:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1244:https://www.plant-lore.com/wall-barley/
988:United States Department of Agriculture
979:Germplasm Resources Information Network
689:Chilean Journal of Agriculture Research
561:
444:. Jakob & Blattner 2009 find it is
285:species. The center of distribution of
787:) Populations in Southern Australia".
281:complex is the most widespread of all
1179:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1176:(Poaceae: Triticeae) taxon complex".
542:is a common ingredient in the spring
506:group – combined with it to form the
7:
1712:b843a157-e307-4dff-94ff-69ce7c27c721
1591:3063a33a-4d95-4543-9579-487edb946c69
482:Jakob & Blattner 2009 find the
25:
1166:These reviews cite this research.
1132:Springer International Publishing
337:Among its subspecies is included
326: in) wide with short, blunt
1676:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:405301-1
1019:. Western Australian Government
839:Ullrich, Steven E., ed. (2010).
773:This review cites this research.
55:
1039:"New South Wales Flora Online:
765:Weed Science Society of America
698:10.4067/S0718-58392009000200008
589:Plant Systematics and Evolution
871:This book cites this research.
407:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
338:
1:
984:Agricultural Research Service
1124:Alien Introgression in Wheat
1087:Japanese Society of Breeding
648:BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020
487:
262:. It is a close relative of
1778:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1768:Flora of the United Kingdom
1196:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.021
845:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
462:The last is the tetraploid
1804:
743:Cambridge University Press
685:L. growth and development"
1140:10.1007/978-3-319-23494-6
903:10.2989/10220110309485798
610:10.1007/s00606-006-0437-6
586:L. based on morphology".
211:
206:
189:
182:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1773:Plants described in 1753
1067:Blattner, Frank (2009).
803:10.1614/WS-D-11-00203.1
752:10.1614/wt-d-12-00181.1
679:Johnston, Myra (2009).
432:Another subspecies is '
1753:Bunchgrasses of Europe
1073:(Poaceae: Triticeae)"
853:10.1002/9780470958636
530:Cultural significance
1096:10.1270/jsbbs.59.471
305:but less common in
254:, commonly known as
250:in the grass family
895:2003AJRFS..20...53E
602:2006PSyEv.261..139M
355:Growth requirements
1788:Grasses of Lebanon
415:Giovanni Arcangeli
1735:
1734:
1612:Open Tree of Life
1258:Taxon identifiers
1149:978-3-319-23493-9
1128:Cham, Switzerland
1041:Hordeum leporinum
1009:Hordeum leporinum
862:978-0-8138-0123-0
544:Qingming Festival
264:cultivated barley
235:
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16:(Redirected from
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1363:horderum-murinum
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1134:. p. 1–19.
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847:pp. 14–62.
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27:Species of grass
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1758:Flora of France
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1599:Observation.org
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1296:Hordeum murinum
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968:Hordeum murinum
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734:Weed Technology
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279:Hordeum murinum
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248:flowering plant
239:Hordeum murinum
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175:H. murinum
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1763:Flora of Italy
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974:(Link) Arcang"
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946:. Retrieved
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453:H. leporinum
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403:H. leporinum
402:
399:barley grass
398:
395:mouse barley
394:
390:
382:
378:
377:
371:There are 3
370:
362:
358:
348:
343:
339:
336:
331:
315:
297:, common in
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:
267:
260:false barley
259:
255:
238:
237:
236:
227:
221:
215:
192:
190:
174:
173:
161:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
1550:NatureServe
1475:iNaturalist
1290:Wikispecies
1190:: 650–659.
1188:Elsevier BV
1089:: 471–480.
508:tetraploids
486:subspecies
391:hare barley
389:, known as
349:hare barley
347:, known as
256:wall barley
207:Subspecies
147:Subfamily:
121:Commelinids
95:Angiosperms
18:Wall Barley
1742:Categories
1650:kew-419414
1645:Plant List
1350:Calflora:
948:2009-01-06
556:References
524:H. murinum
512:hexaploids
457:H. glaucum
423:tetraploid
373:subspecies
367:Subspecies
287:H. murinum
268:H. vulgare
1449:GrassBase
1360:Cal-IPC:
1228:1095-9513
1204:1055-7903
1105:1344-7610
1016:FloraBase
972:leporinum
935:"Sorting
911:1022-0119
811:0043-1745
761:0890-037X
618:0378-2697
540:leporinum
522:Although
478:Evolution
427:hexaploid
419:cytotypes
385:leporinum
344:leporinum
228:leporinum
169:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1707:VicFlora
1696:VASCAN:
1689:25511183
1684:Tropicos
1624:PalDat:
1555:2.133559
1516:11037745
1503:405301-1
1454:imp05443
1327:BioLib:
1275:Wikidata
1220:21623068
1212:19850141
1158:12828894
1113:84530352
919:86767635
819:86638266
549:qīngtuán
421:of both
307:Scotland
274:Overview
151:Pooideae
137:Family:
108:Monocots
1748:Hordeum
1617:1054626
1441:7886346
1389:1114459
1281:Q161674
1078:journal
1071:Hordeum
970:subsp.
937:Hordeum
891:Bibcode
785:glaucum
767:(WSSA).
657:10 June
598:Bibcode
493:glaucum
484:diploid
470:murinum
446:diploid
440:glaucum
332:Hordeum
328:ligules
321:⁄
311:Ireland
299:England
283:Hordeum
252:Poaceae
244:species
226:subsp.
222:glaucum
220:subsp.
216:murinum
214:subsp.
162:Hordeum
157:Genus:
141:Poaceae
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1658:PLANTS
1588:NZOR:
1542:172094
1415:192447
1343:122345
1307:158807
1304:APDB:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1156:
1146:
1111:
1103:
1037:Link.
939:names"
917:
909:
859:
841:Barley
817:
809:
759:
624:
616:
546:snack
536:aphids
397:, and
131:Poales
1634:PFI:
1581:97361
1529:40881
1511:IRMNG
1490:14075
1487:IPA:
1480:52796
1467:19314
1423:FoAO2
1410:EUNIS
1402:HORMU
1376:3MNZG
1330:42549
1320:68989
1216:S2CID
1186:(2).
1154:S2CID
1109:S2CID
1085:(5).
1011:Link"
915:S2CID
815:S2CID
783:ssp.
741:(3).
626:11413
622:S2CID
498:H. m.
491:ssp.
489:H. m.
466:ssp.
436:ssp.
381:ssp.
342:ssp.
340:H. m.
303:Wales
242:is a
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1699:7730
1671:POWO
1663:HOMU
1637:7454
1604:6878
1576:NCBI
1537:IUCN
1524:ITIS
1498:IPNI
1462:GRIN
1436:GBIF
1397:EPPO
1353:4225
1338:BOLD
1315:APNI
1224:ISSN
1208:PMID
1200:ISSN
1144:ISBN
1101:ISSN
907:ISSN
857:ISBN
807:ISSN
757:ISSN
659:2023
614:ISSN
518:Uses
425:and
309:and
301:and
1720:WFO
1563:NBN
1384:EoL
1371:CoL
1192:doi
1136:doi
1091:doi
899:doi
849:doi
799:doi
747:doi
693:doi
645:L."
606:doi
594:261
413:by
405:by
313:.
270:).
258:or
246:of
1744::
1722::
1709::
1686::
1673::
1660::
1647::
1614::
1601::
1578::
1565::
1552::
1539::
1526::
1513::
1500::
1477::
1464::
1451::
1438::
1425::
1412::
1399::
1386::
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1340::
1317::
1292::
1277::
1222:.
1214:.
1206:.
1198:.
1184:55
1182:.
1152:.
1142:.
1130::
1126:.
1107:.
1099:.
1083:59
1081:.
1075:.
1051:^
1029:^
1013:.
996:^
986:,
982:.
976:.
957:^
941:.
913:.
905:.
897:.
887:20
885:.
855:.
843:.
829:^
813:.
805:.
795:60
793:.
763:.
755:.
739:27
737:.
731:.
707:^
691:.
687:.
667:^
650:.
620:.
612:.
604:.
592:.
564:^
552:.
514:.
503:Xu
474:.
429:.
393:,
375::
351:.
323:16
200:L.
117::
104::
91::
78::
1230:.
1194::
1160:.
1138::
1115:.
1093::
1043:"
1023:.
1007:"
990:.
966:"
951:.
921:.
901::
893::
865:.
851::
821:.
801::
749::
701:.
695::
661:.
641:"
628:.
608::
600::
319:5
266:(
20:)
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