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641:, trade between Europe and Britain evaporated, resulting in the gradual decline of the wallpaper industry in Britain. However, the end of the war saw a massive demand in Europe for British goods which had been inaccessible during the wars, including cheap, colourful wallpaper. The development of steam-powered printing presses in Britain in 1813 allowed manufacturers to mass-produce wallpaper, reducing its price and so making it affordable to working-class people. Wallpaper enjoyed a huge boom in popularity in the nineteenth century, seen as a cheap and very effective way of brightening up cramped and dark rooms in working-class areas. It became almost the norm in most areas of middle-class homes, but remained relatively little used in public buildings and offices, with patterns generally being avoided in such locations. In the latter half of the century
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765:, commonly called "strippable" which can be misleading. Cloth backed vinyl is fairly common and durable. Lighter vinyls are easier to handle and hang. Paper backed vinyls are generally more expensive, significantly more difficult to hang, and can be found in wider untrimmed widths. Foil wallpaper generally has paper backing and can (exceptionally) be up to 36 inches (91 cm) wide, and be very difficult to handle and hang. Textile wallpapers include silks, linens, grass cloths, strings, rattan, and actual impressed leaves. There are acoustical wall carpets to reduce sound. Customized wallcoverings are available at high prices and most often have minimum roll orders.
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851:(if is not sealed with a specific varnish). Proper preparation includes the repair of any defects in the drywall or plaster and the removal of loose material or old adhesives. For a better finish with thinner papers and poorer quality walls the wall can be cross-lined (horizontally) with lining paper first. Accurate room measurements (length, width, and height) along with number of window and door openings is essential for ordering wallpaper. Large drops, or repeats, in a pattern can be cut and hung more economically by working from alternating rolls of paper.
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pieces occurs. In the case of large complex patterns of images this is normally achieved by starting the second piece halfway into the length of the repeat, so that if the pattern going down the roll repeats after 24 inches, the next piece sideways is cut from the roll to begin 12 inches down the pattern from the first. The number of times the pattern repeats horizontally across a roll does not matter for this purpose. A single pattern can be issued in several different colorways.
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294:. These tapestries added color to the room as well as providing an insulating layer between the stone walls and the room, thus retaining heat in the room. However, tapestries were extremely expensive and so only the very rich could afford them. Less well-off members of the elite, unable to buy tapestries due either to prices or wars preventing international trade, turned to wallpaper to brighten up their rooms.
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521:. This famous so-called "papier peint" wallpaper is still in situ in Ham House, Peabody, Massachusetts. It was the largest panoramic wallpaper of its time, and marked the burgeoning of a French industry in panoramic wallpapers. Dufour realized almost immediate success from the sale of these papers and enjoyed a lively trade with America. The
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in length. European rolled goods are 52 centimetres (20 in) wide by 10 metres (33 ft) in length, approximately 5.2 square metres (56 sq ft). Most wallpaper borders are sold by length and with a wide range of widths therefore surface area is not applicable, although some may require trimming.
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Modern wallcoverings are diverse, and what is described as wallpaper may no longer actually be made from paper. Two of the most common factory trimmed sizes of wallpaper are referred to as "American" and "European" rolled goods. American rolled goods are 27 inches (69 cm) by 27 feet (8.2 m)
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By the early twentieth century wallpaper had established itself as one of the most popular household items across the
Western world. Manufacturers in the USA included Sears; designers included Andy Warhol. Wallpaper has gone in and out of fashion since about 1930, but the overall trend has been for
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Among the firms begun in France in the 19th century: Desfossé & Karth. In the United States: John
Bellrose, Blanchard & Curry, Howell Brothers, Longstreth & Sons, Isaac Pugh in Philadelphia; Bigelow, Hayden & Co. in Massachusetts; Christy & Constant, A. Harwood, R. Prince in New
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using ultraviolet (UV) cured inks are being used for custom wallpaper production. Very small runs can be made, even a single wall. Photographs or digital art are output onto blank wallpaper material. Typical installations are corporate lobbies, restaurants, athletic facilities, and home interiors.
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Solid vinyl with a cloth backing is the most common commercial wallcovering and comes from the factory as untrimmed at 54 inches (140 cm) approximately, to be overlapped and double cut by the installer. This same type can be pre-trimmed at the factory to 27 inches (69 cm) approximately.
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Modern wallpaper is made in long rolls which are hung vertically on a wall. Patterned wallpapers are designed so that the pattern "repeats", and thus pieces cut from the same roll can be hung next to each other so as to continue the pattern without it being easy to see where the join between two
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was introduced which was not abolished until 1836. By the mid-eighteenth century, Britain was the leading wallpaper manufacturer in Europe, exporting vast quantities to Europe in addition to selling on the middle-class
British market. However this trade was seriously disrupted in 1755 by the
371:, wealthy people across England began demanding wallpaper again â Cromwell's Puritan regime had imposed a repressive and restrictive culture on the population, and following his death, wealthy people began purchasing comfortable domestic items which had been banned under the Puritan state.
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Patricia Hamm and James Hamm. The
Removal and Conservation Treatment of a Scenic Wallpaper, "Paysage Ă Chasses," from the Martin Van Buren National Historic Site. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 2, Conservation of Historic Wallpaper (Spring,
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Wallpaper manufacturers active in
England in the 18th century included John Baptist Jackson and John Sherringham. Among the firms established in 18th-century America: J. F. Bumstead & Co. (Boston), William Poyntell (Philadelphia), John Rugar (New York).
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announced that they had developed a wallpaper that can help keep a masonry wall from failing in an earthquake. The wallpaper uses glass fibre reinforcement in several directions and a special adhesive which forms a strong bond with the masonry when dry.
491:. It was made up to 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) wide. English, French and German manufacturers imitated it, usually beginning with a printed outline which was coloured in by hand, a technique sometimes also used in later Chinese papers.
734:(V&A) in the UK; the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt, Historic New England, Metropolitan Museum of Art, U.S. National Park Service, and Winterthur in the US. Original designs by William Morris and other English wallpaper companies are held by
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were very often pasted to walls, instead of being framed and hung, and the largest sizes of prints, which came in several sheets, were probably mainly intended to be pasted to walls. Some important artists made such pieces â notably
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Thomas K. McClintock. The In situ
Treatment of the Wallpaper in the Study of the Longfellow National Historic Site. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 20, No. 2, Conservation of Historic Wallpaper (Spring,
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and completed in 1515. This measured a colossal 3.57 by 2.95 metres, made up of 192 sheets, and was printed in a first edition of 700 copies, intended to be hung in palaces and, in particular, town halls, after hand-coloring.
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England and France were leaders in
European wallpaper manufacturing. Among the earliest known samples is one found on a wall from England and is printed on the back of a London proclamation of 1509. It became very popular in
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Historical examples of wallpaper are preserved by cultural institutions such as the
Deutsches Tapetenmuseum (Kassel) in Germany; the Musée des Arts Décoratifs (Paris) and Musée du Papier Peint (Rixheim) in France; the
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High-quality wallpaper made in China became available from the later part of the 17th century; this was entirely handpainted and very expensive. It can still be seen in rooms in palaces and grand houses including
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After pre-pasted wallpaper is moistened, or dry wallpaper is coated with wet paste, the wet surface is folded onto itself and left for a few minutes to activate the glue, which is called "booking wallpaper."
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Early wallpaper featured scenes similar to those depicted on tapestries, and large sheets of the paper were sometimes hung loosely on the walls, in the style of tapestries, and sometimes pasted as today.
352:, but Henry VIII's split with the Catholic Church had resulted in a fall in trade with Europe. Without any tapestry manufacturers in England, English gentry and aristocracy alike turned to wallpaper.
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and by the 18th century designs include panoramic views of antique architecture, exotic landscapes and pastoral subjects, as well as repeating patterns of stylized flowers, people and animals.
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In terms of methods of creation, wallpaper types include painted wallpaper, hand-printed blockwood wallpaper, hand-printed stencil wallpaper, machine-printed wallpaper, and flock wallpaper.
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Besides conventional installation on interior walls and ceilings, wallpapers have been deployed as decorative covering for hatboxes, bandboxes, books, shelves, and window-shades.
455:. This ability to produce continuous lengths of wallpaper now offered the prospect of novel designs and nice tints being widely displayed in drawing rooms across Europe.
721:. The development of digital printing allows designers to break the mould and combine new technology and art to bring wallpaper to a new level of popularity.
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827:'s best-known painters, creates large-scale wallpaper installations that evoke the floral designs of William Morris in a style that has become known as
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of repeating or repeatable decorative patterns. These are called ornament prints and were intended as models for wallpaper makers, among other uses.
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New types of wallpaper under development or entering the market in the early 21st century include wallpaper that blocks certain mobile phone and
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hired designers working in silk and tapestry to produce some of the most subtle and luxurious wallpaper ever made. His sky blue wallpaper with
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R. P. Emlen: âImagining
America in 1834: Zuber's Scenic Wallpaper "Vues d'AmĂ©rique du Nord"â, Winterthur Port., xxxii (SummerâAug 1997)
843:, wallpaper requires proper surface preparation before application. Additionally wallpaper is not suitable for all areas. For example,
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In the early 21st century wallpaper evolved into a lighting feature, enhancing the mood and the ambience through lights and crystals.
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Towards the end of the 18th century the fashion for scenic wallpaper revived in both
America and France, leading to some enormous
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signals, in the interest of privacy. The wallpaper is coated with a silver ink which forms crystals that block outgoing signals.
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The earliest known American wallpaper sample book that has survived to present day resides in the collection of
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with Charvet's elegant designs. Like most 18th-century wallpapers, the panorama was designed to be hung above a
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Horace H. F. Jayne. Captain Cook Wallpaper. Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum, Vol. 17, No. 69 (Oct., 1921)
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Horace L. Hotchkiss, Jr. Wallpaper from the Shop of William Poyntell. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 4 (1968)
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Surya, Shirley (2008). "Patterns: Design, Architecture, Interiors", page 204. DOM Publishers, Singapore.
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Official descriptive and illustrated catalogue, Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations
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The most common wall covering for residential use and generally the most economical is prepasted vinyl
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Very few samples of the earliest repeating pattern wallpapers survive, but there are a large number of
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In 2012 scientists at the Institute of Solid Construction and Construction Material Technology at the
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Sugden, A.V, Potters of Darwen 1839â1939 a century of wallpaper printing by machinery. 1939
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had invented the first machine for printing coloured tints on sheets of wallpaper. In 1799
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Hand-painted Chinese wallpaper showing a funeral procession, made for the European market,
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Hapgood. Wallpaper and the artist: from Durer to Warhol. London: Abbeville Press, 1992
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exported their product across Europe and North America. Zuber et Cie's c. 1834 design
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design, or with a single non-repeating large design carried over a set of sheets.
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Wallpaper manufacturing firms established in England in the 19th century included
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patented a machine to produce continuous lengths of paper, the forerunner of the
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Material used to cover and decorate interior walls of buildings
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in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. It was produced by the firm
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style currently in favour worked well in houses of the
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The traditional hand-blocking technique, France in 1877
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Peter Leggatt and Nathan Brooker (February 22, 2013).
1043:. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. 2014-09-22
980:, A Macon : De l'Imprimerie de Moiroux, rue franche,
573:) other French manufacturers of panoramic scenic and
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government, was halted. Following the Restoration of
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Decorator and Furnisher, Vol. 16, No. 6 (Sep., 1890)
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259:The main historical techniques are: hand-painting,
195:to cover the interior walls of domestic and public
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1268:"Paint & Wallpaper: How to decorate your home"
1155:, London, 20 March 2010. Retrieved on 30 June 2015
614:of Hartford, Connecticut, between 1821 and 1828.
509:(Savages of the Pacific), designed by the artist
433:discovered in 1763 a method to use fast colours.
1372:"Tsang Kin-wah And The Organic Necessity Of Art"
290:on the walls of their homes, as they had in the
1399:. Primetime Paint & Paper. 8 February 2013
680:. In particular, many 19th century designs by
425:was used in 1783 on the first balloons by the
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286:. The social elite continued to hang large
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1102:, Chicago : Sears, Roebuck and Co., 1900,
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1319:"High-tech wallpaper resists earthquakes"
182:Various examples of samples of wallpapers
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
503:, like the 1804 20 strip wide panorama,
214:. Wallpaper printing techniques include
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436:Hand-blocked wallpapers like these use
1205:. USA: Wallpaper Historic New England
750:Wallpaper on the wall of an apartment
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
1346:"Art Basel Hong Kong â Local Pride"
717:, a London-based company, invented
700:L.C. Orrell and Co. wallpaper 1906
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1370:Isabella Tam (January 26, 2016).
1073:, London: Spicer Brothers, 1851,
1037:"The Rosetta Stone of Wallpaper?"
816:As a means of artistic expression
809:Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2046:Bronze and brass ornamental work
915:William Morris wallpaper designs
688:designers remain in production.
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1299:from the original on 2022-12-10
895:List of wallpaper manufacturers
506:Sauvages de la Mer du Pacifique
52:needs additional citations for
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1203:"Wallpaper Search Collection"
872:Most wallpaper adhesives are
662:Lightbown, Aspinall & Co.
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445:Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf
393:In 1712, during the reign of
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1225:"Metropolitan Museum of Art"
954:Grove Art Online "Wallpaper"
784:inkjet printing technologies
551:Sauvages de la Mer Pacifique
513:for the French manufacturer
282:Europe amongst the emerging
1288:"The new role of wallpaper"
666:Arthur Sanderson & Sons
263:(overall the most common),
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732:Victoria and Albert Museum
719:LED-incorporated wallpaper
32:Wallpaper (disambiguation)
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626:"Artichoke" wallpaper by
593:Diplomatic Reception Room
686:Arts and Crafts Movement
429:. The landscape painter
2181:Painting in HĂ€lsingland
1419:"How to Hang Wallpaper"
1397:"How To Hang Wallpaper"
517:showing the Voyages of
431:Jean-Baptiste Pillement
419:Jean-Baptiste RĂ©veillon
278:, gained popularity in
976:Joseph Dufour (1804),
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725:Historical collections
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608:Old Sturbridge Village
589:Views of North America
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2399:Continuous stationery
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1344:J.P. (May 23, 2013).
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228:rotary printing press
2201:Pressed flower craft
1041:www.cooperhewitt.org
660:.; Shand Kydd Ltd.;
564:Joseph Dufour et Cie
515:Joseph Dufour et Cie
511:Jean-Gabriel Charvet
449:Louis-Nicolas Robert
427:Montgolfier brothers
313:commissioned by the
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
1618:Spinning (textiles)
1536:Friendship bracelet
956:, Oxford Art Online
862:Wallpaper adhesives
773:Modern developments
583:(1797âpresent) and
453:Fourdrinier machine
193:interior decoration
1177:. London: V&A.
868:Wallpaper adhesive
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495:France and America
465:Nymphenburg Palace
438:hand-carved blocks
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310:The Triumphal Arch
261:woodblock printing
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2300:Coffee cup sleeve
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2072:Balloon modelling
1586:Ribbon embroidery
1272:www.johnlewis.com
632:John Henry Dearle
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639:Napoleonic Wars
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469:Ćazienki Palace
415:flock wallpaper
408:Napoleonic Wars
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866:Main article:
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831:installation.
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678:Charles Voysey
674:William Morris
630:, designed by
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527:Federal period
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406:and later the
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2196:Private press
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2107:Faux painting
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2102:Engraved gems
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1506:Banner-making
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628:Morris and Co
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591:hangs in the
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556:Joseph Dufour
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477:Temple Newsam
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432:
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423:fleurs-de-lys
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399:wallpaper tax
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78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2663:Coated paper
2624:
2594:Filter paper
2568:Playing card
2500:
2439:Post-it note
2376:Toilet paper
2164:Glass mosaic
2082:Bone carving
1882:Wood carving
1877:Wood burning
1852:Chip carving
1818:
1809:Scrapbooking
1794:Papier-mùché
1760:Papercutting
1713:Iris folding
1701:Photomontage
1696:Papier collé
1661:Altered book
1521:Cross-stitch
1431:
1422:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1292:
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1243:
1233:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1197:
1183:
1169:
1160:
1148:
1132:
1123:
1099:
1094:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
998:, 0665141149
977:
971:
962:
953:
871:
857:
853:
838:
835:Installation
819:
806:
794:
782:New digital
781:
767:
763:coated paper
760:
756:
753:
728:
712:
709:21st century
703:
692:20th century
655:
636:
605:
601:
588:
581:Zuber et Cie
579:wallpapers,
576:trompe-l'Ćil
574:
561:
523:Neoclassical
519:Captain Cook
498:
485:Lissan House
461:
457:
442:
435:
412:
392:
375:18th century
354:
334:
323:
318:Maximilian I
308:
296:
269:
258:
241:
211:
209:
188:
187:
123:
117:October 2011
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2653:Printmaking
2604:Paper model
2558:Paper craft
2484:Decorations
2371:Paper towel
2325:Oyster pail
2320:Molded pulp
2191:Pietra dura
2154:Micromosaic
2087:Doll making
2041:Silversmith
1958:Cameo glass
1915:Earthenware
1887:Woodturning
1799:Pop-up book
1784:Papermaking
1671:Calligraphy
1666:Bookbinding
1596:Rug hooking
1566:Needlepoint
1546:Lace-making
1511:Canvas work
1403:13 December
1381:February 7,
1355:February 7,
1209:21 December
1175:"Wallpaper"
905:Wall decals
637:During the
597:White House
571: 1830
388: 1780
328:, often in
292:Middle Ages
280:Renaissance
272:printmaking
265:stencilling
220:rotogravure
191:is used in
76:"Wallpaper"
2632:Categories
2563:Paper toys
2546:Recreation
2409:Index card
2391:Stationery
2340:Paperboard
2278:Containers
2226:Wall decal
2149:Miniatures
2067:Assemblage
1935:Terracotta
1910:Bone china
1789:Paper toys
1755:Papercraft
1681:Cast paper
1676:Cardmaking
1623:String art
1613:Shoemaking
1601:Rug making
1571:Needlework
1526:Embroidery
1516:Crocheting
1477:handicraft
1100:Wall paper
1047:2021-07-20
987:0665141149
921:References
684:and other
670:Owen Jones
395:Queen Anne
369:Charles II
342:Henry VIII
340:following
288:tapestries
87:newspapers
18:Wallpapers
2643:Ornaments
2609:Sandpaper
2532:Newsprint
2527:Newspaper
2501:Wallpaper
2448:Financial
2335:Paper cup
2330:Paper bag
2221:Taxidermy
2211:Scrimshaw
2186:Pargeting
2112:Grotesque
2092:Dollhouse
2036:Goldsmith
2031:Jewellery
2021:Engraving
1978:Glassware
1963:Chip work
1930:Stoneware
1920:Porcelain
1872:Marquetry
1847:Carpentry
1842:Cabinetry
1819:Wallpaper
1745:Embossing
1738:Moneygami
1691:Decoupage
1576:Patchwork
1561:Millinery
1116:25126572M
996:23705116M
825:Hong Kong
823:, one of
791:High-tech
651:dado rail
647:Anaglypta
643:Lincrusta
501:panoramas
330:engraving
197:buildings
189:Wallpaper
2573:Quilling
2553:Confetti
2537:Pamphlet
2522:Magazine
2470:Passbook
2455:Banknote
2434:Postcard
2424:Notebook
2381:Wet wipe
2315:Envelope
2271:products
2176:Ornament
2139:Lapidary
2134:Lath art
2117:Gargoyle
2077:Beadwork
2051:Ironwork
1867:Intarsia
1862:Fretwork
1857:ĂbĂ©niste
1837:Bentwood
1814:Stamping
1804:Quilling
1750:Marbling
1733:Kirigami
1723:Kamikiri
1628:Tapestry
1581:Quilting
1541:Knitting
1329:March 3,
1303:March 3,
1297:Archived
1108:17573461
1087:6962338M
884:See also
845:bathroom
829:word-art
715:Meystyle
566:(1797 â
443:In 1785
346:Flanders
2354:Hygiene
2171:Netsuke
2026:Etching
2006:Andiron
1925:Pottery
1905:Azulejo
1897:Ceramic
1765:Chinese
1728:Origami
1718:Jianzhi
1686:Collage
1643:Weaving
1638:Tie-dye
1633:Tatting
1556:Macrame
1531:Felting
1498:Textile
1488:History
1079:1044640
880:based.
803:Seismic
618:England
595:of the
562:Beside
365:Puritan
355:During
338:England
276:woodcut
247:History
205:pattern
101:scholar
2465:Coupon
2414:Letter
2366:Napkin
2290:Carton
2159:Mosaic
2016:Enamel
1983:Mirror
1775:Slavic
1770:Jewish
1608:Sewing
1591:Carpet
1191:. USA.
1140:
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1106:
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874:starch
676:, and
603:York.
489:Erddig
487:, and
359:under
300:Prints
284:gentry
230:, and
212:repeat
103:
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2582:Other
2510:Media
2268:Paper
2060:Other
1998:Metal
1950:Glass
1708:Decal
1653:Paper
1551:Lucet
1248:1981)
1238:1981)
1227:. NY.
900:Mural
849:steam
841:paint
839:Like
350:Arras
108:JSTOR
94:books
2599:Form
2517:Book
2129:Inro
1940:Tile
1829:Wood
1475:and
1405:2013
1383:2016
1357:2016
1331:2013
1305:2013
1211:2023
1138:ISBN
1104:OCLC
1075:OCLC
982:ISBN
797:WiFi
645:and
531:dado
397:, a
348:and
80:news
2496:Mat
2285:Box
1323:UPI
876:or
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63:by
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