479:"...a fantastic half-pay Danish sea-captain turned up in Athens with credentials from Alexandria. I was instructed to give him every facility to look round and also to let him send telegrams in our cipher under the name of Brutus. His real name was Christmas! He actually secured an audience of the King and immediately afterwards telegraphed to London a ridiculous account of the situation in Athens which I 5 who was not allowed to communicate directly with London, could only counter by a telegram of protest to Alexandria. On top of this he discovered all by himself a supposed submarine base at Laurium, and once again this wretched nonsense was disseminated in telegrams. Finally Sir Francis protested against this irresponsible old man of the sea’s sojourn any longer in Athens at the expense of the British Government, and he wandered off again. To look back after twenty-three years at Captain Christmas is to make me as sceptical of his real existence as of the existence of Santa Claus. Indeed, if I did not possess references to him in letters I should fancy that I had read about him in Hans Andersen’s fairy tales."
33:
263:. In 1880, Walter Edmund was granted the right to adopt his wife's noble name, thus creating the Christmas-Dirckinck-Holmfeld family. The family had their own coat of arms in the Danish noble family register which combined those of the Christmas and Dirckinck-Holmfeld families. Walter Christmas was one of the family's six children, along with: John Carl Constant Beresford (b. 1860), Tusky Sophie Malvina Mary (b. 1862), Selma Johanne (b. 1865), Edward (b. 1867), and Ellen (b. 1868).
287:
212:
484:
many such "coast-watchers." These agents had been stationed on the coasts of
Jutland with the intention of monitoring the movement of German war vessels before and during World War I. They were deliberately unaware of each other so that their reports could be used to verify one another once gathered by the Head Office in London. At his request, a "pretty girl" was always available at the local hotel to act as his
592:, a theatre in Copenhagen. Under his direction the theatre came into conflict with the press over whether or not they should be allowed to photograph and print images of the theatre's productions. In retaliation, all reviews of the theatre's productions were halted in all Copenhagen news publications. This conflict with the press and its resulting financial difficulties led to Christmas' resignation.
601:
523:. Through close contacts, Richelieu then began publishing criticism of Christmas in the English-language press in Bangkok. These were soon translated and circulated in the Danish press. Christmas eventually filed a lawsuit against the editor which had published the articles in Bangkok. The case was settled three and a half years later, after 37 court hearings. Although
440:
467:). According to Christmas, the King's final words were "Thank God, Christmas can now finish his work with a chapter to the glory of Greece, of the Crown Prince and of the Army." This was apparently in reference to Christmas' work as the King's personal biographer. The head of the MI6 station in Athens,
360:
As a result of his engagement in the conflict, Christmas was discharged from the navy and recalled to
Denmark. In his defence, he sent the ministry of the Danish Navy a report containing "some minor criticisms" of their presence in Siam. This report was then widely distributed to the public in a 1893
564:
debuted in 1901 in
Copenhagen and was soon taken up by traveling acts which toured Denmark for several years. These traveling acts paid him for performance rights, despite the reality that the play was a copy of Gillette's, for which Christmas never gave him credit. Danish intellectual property laws
411:
as part of long standing negotiations to sell the islands to the United States. Christmas was again unsuccessful, and he was later accused of attempting to bribe several congressmen and other U.S. officials with up to $ 500,000 to facilitate the purchase. These allegations against him arose from the
483:
Christmas had been the Naval officer overseeing operations at the northernmost point of mainland
Denmark, Skagen, from 1914 until 1916. During this period, he forwarded all of the "coast-watching reports" that his command produced to MI6 through Copenhagen. According to MI6 records, he was one of
270:
and South
America during their marriage. The couple divorced on 7 February 1898, and he was remarried to Ellen Margrethe Vilhelmine Margrethe Hansen on 8 August 1898. Ellen had divorced her first husband, a merchant in Berlin named Alexander Cunliffe Owen, on the same day as Walter's divorce: 7
365:. The report argued that although there had been armed conflict, the Paknam incident did not constitute a war, and thus he had not disobeyed his orders. There is speculation that several other criticisms of the Navy in Siam were also written by Christmas. His book about his experience,
400:. He had a familiarity with the islands through his grandfather, John Christmas, who had been governor-general of the Danish West Indies during 1871. Christmas unsuccessfully attempted to sell the Islands to Germany in collaboration with Rear Admiral Paul Zirzow in December 1898.
539:
who embarks on worldly adventures. The resulting series became one of his most profitable successes. Though the books were very popular at the time they were released, they have since been criticized for their use of derogatory terms, ethnic slurs, and exoticism.
559:
several times in 1899 while attempting to sell the Danish West Indies to the United States. He took extensive notes on
Gillette's production which he then largely copied and reproduced in Denmark under the same title. Christmas' production of
340:
on behalf of the Danish navy. While the Danish crown was actively supporting the government of Siam, they were unwilling to be involved in a war with France to defend the nation. As such, Christmas in particular received a telegram from the
455:. The full extent of his activity as an agent is unknown. Reports from MI6 verify that he had been an intelligence agent while serving in the Danish navy. Records from other agents also place Christmas in Greece during the assassination of
527:
initially received negative reviews, the publicity which
Richelieu unintentionally gave Christmas by persistently disparaging the text in the press maintained public interest in the book and increased sales.
157:. Today, he is best known for his children's books. He also wrote novels, nonfictional accounts, and theatrical works. Many of his early works were inspired by his experiences traveling as a naval officer.
184:. He was discharged as a result. He then served in the Greek Navy before returning to the Danish Navy in 1914. In 1916, he was again forced to resign following the revelation of his collusion with MI6.
357:. At the time, he was in command of a gunboat stationed close to the Paknam fort. During the incident he hit the forship of the pilot steamboat, which then began to sink before being run aground.
266:
On 29 July 1886, Christmas married
Ragnhild Jutta Aja Weber. She was the daughter of wholesale merchant Theobald Weber and Sophie Emilie Meldola. Walter and Ragnhild took several trips to the
417:
496:
Walter
Christmas published approximately 30 plays, novels, and short-stories in addition to a biography and series of memoirs. He published his first book in 1892 while in Thailand, titled
1733:
325:
with the intention of establishing a Danish shipping route. However, he was unable to find an investor in his project and the route was instead taken over by German shipowners.
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that if he engaged in combat he would be discharged from the navy. He was the only Danish officer in Siam to receive such a warning. The navy eventually became involved in the
1693:
1728:
1698:
1120:
231:
of the
Dirckinck-Holmfeld noble family and was of Dutch descent. His father, Walter Edmund Christmas (1834–1916), was of English descent through his grandfather,
274:
Christmas had two daughters. Aja Sigrid Ellen was born on 12 April 1889. Vera Tusky was born 13 July 1898. He died 18 March 1924, in Copenhagen and is buried at
256:
1683:
1708:
1343:
412:
financial gains he stood to make from a successful deal between the nations, as he had expected a commission of 10% on the sale price. In 1902, the
372:
Christmas resigned from the Danish navy in 1894. After being discharged, he joined the Greek Navy in 1895. While enlisted, he was involved in the
1713:
459:. While in Greece during the late 1890s, Christmas claims to have been in close contact with King George I, about whom he wrote the biography
388:, and is likely the primary reason for his departure from the navy. That same year he was inducted as a member of the Order of the Dannebrog.
1491:
519:'s business in Bangkok. Richelieu was greatly offended by Christmas' statements, and sought to file a lawsuit against him in Copenhagen for
815:
1400:
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which held several hearings. He was ultimately acquitted, and no charges were made against the officials who had allegedly taken bribes.
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342:
271:
February 1898. Ellen was born in 1872 and was the adoptive daughter of the merchant Ludvig Marcus Adolph Hansen and Kirstine Thorsen.
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1191:
901:
863:
1261:
Herwig, Holger H. (1986). "Germany, Venezuela, and the Panama Canal: the Elusive Quest for a German Naval Base in South America".
1372:
350:
346:
181:
991:(in Danish) (28th ed.). Copenhagen: Vilhem Trydes Boghandel. pp. 131–132 – via Slægtsforskernes Bibliotek.
605:
413:
275:
91:
424:
232:
1466:
1594:
448:
192:
488:. One of these women unintentionally revealed his scheme in late 1915. As a result, he was forced to flee to London.
1166:(in Danish). Vol. Bind IV: Bridge–Cikader. Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz. p. 919 – via Projekt Runeberg.
820:
1703:
373:
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at the age of 14. In 1883, he was appointed as a lieutenant, and the next year he was promoted to the rank of
32:
376:. He left the Greek Navy and returned to Denmark in 1897. He rejoined the Danish Navy in 1914 at the rank of
565:
of the time initially took no issue with this obvious case of piracy, though by 1903 Denmark had signed the
248:
515:), was published in 1894. Its contents were explicitly critical of Admiral Richelieu's command, as well as
620:, a novel manuscript which was posthumously published by Hasselbalchs Forlag. The works are listed below.
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384:. However, his resignation coincided with the revelation of his collaboration with MI6 while stationed in
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officially became part of the country in 1917. Christmas was decorated as a member of the
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government. When the islands were later sold in 1916, he was decorated as a member of the
177:
165:
380:. He was again forced to resign in 1916, reportedly because of complications with severe
1566:
Lauridsen, Palle Schantz (Summer 2014). "Sherlock Holmes in Denmark: The Early Years".
1349:
1298:
353:. While under Richelieu's command, Christmas fought against the French navy during the
1296:"May Buy Danish Islands: St. Thomas and St. John Soon Likely to Come Under Our Flag".
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187:
Alongside his military career, Christmas was involved in several attempts to sell the
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925:
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voted unanimously to investigate these claims, and a committee was appointed by the
396:
Beginning in 1896, Christmas was involved in several ill-fated attempts to sell the
485:
322:
1235:
982:
Hiort-Lorenzen, H. R.; Thiset, A., eds. (1911). "Dirckinck Friherre af Holmfeld".
1625:
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891:
853:
227:. His mother, Tusky Susanne Charlotte Dirckinck-Holmfeld (1839–1924), was born a
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An agreement between the United States and Denmark was reached in 1916, and the
267:
1161:
816:"Skattejagt for børn: Følg eventyrlig børnebogsforfatter til de fjerneste egne"
191:
to various nations. His efforts were ultimately unsuccessful and resulted in a
1106:
Krak's Blaa Bog: Nulevende Danske Mænd og Kvinders, Levndesløb Indtil Aar 1910
1104:
381:
318:
291:
79:
1651:
1595:"The making of a popular hero: Sherlock Holmes in early Danish media culture"
1579:
1073:(in Danish) (1st ed.). Copenhagen: Vilhelm Trydes Forlag. pp. 70–74
1515:
1318:
1068:
951:
Haxthausen, W.; Bobé, Louis, eds. (1940). "Dirckinck Friherre af Holmfeld".
613:
576:'s board of directors. Two of his original plays have been performed at the
536:
314:
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1045:(in Danish). Vol. I. Copenhagen: Heraldisk Forlag. 1946. p. 108
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329:
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960:(in Danish) (57th ed.). Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz. pp. 116–117
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In 1901, Christmas released the first of five books about his character
1267:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 141–174.
224:
215:
Christmas with his wife Ragnhild Jutta Weber and daughter Aja, c. 1890.
160:
He began an extensive military career at the age of 14, serving in the
1610:
385:
1624:
Muusmann, Carl (2017). "Teaterskandaler, Filmsguld og Cirkusbrand".
599:
520:
447:
For an undisclosed period of time, Christmas was an agent for the
438:
302:
285:
228:
219:
Walter Dirckinck-Holmfeld-Christmas was born 10 February 1861, in
210:
1109:(in Danish). Copenhagen. p. 85 – via Projekt Runeberg.
173:
1484:
MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949
1018:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Thieles Bogtrykkeri. pp. 101–103
507:
Christmas's book about his experience of the Paknam incident,
154:
134:
588:" from 1923. In 1909 and 1910 Christmas was the director of
1186:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Books on Demand. pp. 88–89.
153:
was a Danish author, naval officer, diplomat, and spy for
1403:" (United States House of Representatives, 1902) pp. 1–7.
443:
Christmas before 1900, photographed by Frederikke Eckardt
1012:
Slægthaandbogen: Tillæg til Personalhistoriske Samlinger
924:
Bjerg, Hans Christian; Winge, Mette (October 24, 2014).
890:
Kaarsted, Tage (2020). "Kapitel 14: Walter Christmas".
1444:. New York: McBride, Nast & company. p. 407.
195:
into claims that he attempted to bribe members of the
1399:
Select committee on purchase of Danish West Indies, "
612:
All of Christmas' works were originally published by
608:
which describes him as "the author Walter Christmas".
403:
He was later in contact with U.S. Secretary of State
369:, was published after his return to Denmark in 1894.
149:(10 February 1861–18 March 1924), commonly known as
1067:Elvius, Sofus; Hiort-Lorenzen, H. R., eds. (1891).
130:
113:
105:
97:
87:
68:
42:
23:
1599:Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook
1342:
569:and Christmas was forced to become more cautious.
180:wherein he disobeyed the orders of his commander,
1658:(in Danish). Projekt Runeberg. February 21, 2007
431:in 1916, apparently for his diplomatic efforts.
1630:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof.
896:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof.
858:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof.
1419:. State University of Iowa. pp. 224–225.
1416:History of Danish-American diplomacy 1776–1920
328:He again left Denmark in 1891 and traveled to
1413:Fogdall, Soren Jacob Marius Petersen (1921).
8:
1734:Burials at the Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen
779:
1381:. Vol. 52, no. 87. March 28, 1902
1593:Lauridsen, Palle Schantz (July 28, 2011).
1471:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 85.
1184:H. N. Andersen: En ØK-logisk Livsberetning
1119:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
504:) about his journey on the Amazon river.
31:
20:
1694:World War I spies for the United Kingdom
788:Krydstogt gennem livet: Med skum om Bov!
626:Amazonfloden, Erindringer og skildringer
543:Christmas is credited with popularizing
498:Amazonfloden, erindringer og skildringer
1729:Expatriates in the Rattanakosin Kingdom
1344:"House Inquiry into Danish Indies Sale"
1264:Germany's Vision of Empire in Venezuela
1053:– via Slægtsforskernes Bibliotek.
1026:– via Slægtsforskernes Bibliotek.
968:– via Slægtsforskernes Bibliotek.
807:
1486:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 87–88.
1112:
301:Christmas joined the Danish navy as a
1699:Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
1505:
1503:
1389:– via Hoosier State Chronicles.
1177:
1175:
1173:
1098:
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781:Krydstogt gennem livet: Vimplen hejst
502:Amazon River, memories and depictions
309:. In 1885, Christmas was a member of
203:for his earlier diplomatic efforts.
7:
1652:"Christmas, Walter (Nordic Authors)"
1207:Blüdnikow, Bent (October 11, 2010).
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855:Dansk Vestindien: Historien og ørene
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147:Walter Christmas-Dirckinck-Holmfeld
47:Walter Christmas-Dircknick-Holmfeld
1684:20th-century Danish naval officers
1234:Weinreich, Torben (June 3, 2020).
336:, where he was a commander in the
14:
1709:Danish dramatists and playwrights
1163:Solmonsens konversations Leksikon
475:of his encounters with Christmas:
1009:Hauch-Fausbøll, Theodor (1900).
698:Skærsild: Skuespile i fire Akter
686:En lektion: Komedie i fire Akter
321:. In 1890 he traveled along the
1539:Boström, Mattias (2014). "26".
1209:"Den hemmelige historie om MI6"
1039:Vaabenførende Slægter i Danmark
893:Admiralen: Andreas de Richelieu
824:(in Danish). September 28, 2018
351:Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu
347:Franco-Siamese conflict of 1893
343:Danish Ministry of the Interior
182:Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu
1545:(in Danish). Aarhus: Modtryk.
1160:Blangstrup, Christian (1916).
762:Kong Georg I, Prins af Danmark
716:Rivaler: Lystspil i fire Akter
572:Christmas was a member of the
465:Kong Georg I, Prins af Danmark
1:
606:Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen
414:U.S. House Of Representatives
92:Garrison Cemetery, Copenhagen
1240:Historien om børnelitteratur
449:British Intelligence Service
233:Captain John Christmas Smith
1512:Børnenes litteraturhistorie
1465:Compton, Mackenzie (1939).
638:Maïma: Novellistiske Forsøg
317:on board the steam gunboat
193:congressional investigation
1755:
1739:Christmas family (Denmark)
1627:Da Storkøbenhavn var lille
1510:Weinreich, Torben (2008).
1438:Christmas, Walter (1914).
1401:Purchase of Danish Islands
821:National Museum of Denmark
776:, (Peder Most series) 1921
694:, (Peder Most series) 1906
682:, (Peder Most series) 1904
676:, (Peder Most series) 1903
409:President William McKinley
1714:Danish children's writers
1514:(in Danish). Copenhagen:
1317:(in Danish). Copenhagen:
1313:Hansen, Thorkild (2016).
1182:Kamstrup, Jørgen (2010).
1070:Danske Patriciske Slægter
930:Dansk Biografisk Leksikon
774:Peder Most paa Krigsstien
374:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
140:
123:
30:
18:Danish author (1861–1924)
1568:The Baker Street Journal
1482:Keith, Jefferey (2010).
616:, with the exception of
604:Christmas' headstone in
551:in Denmark. He had seen
247:. He was decorated as a
37:Walter Christmas in 1902
1542:Fra Holmes til Sherlock
852:Lauring, Palle (2017).
457:King George I of Greece
451:under the direction of
257:Order of St. Stanislaus
249:Knight of the Danneborg
176:he was involved in the
780:
609:
481:
471:, wrote in his memoir
444:
429:Order of the Dannebrog
298:
235:. Walter Edmund was a
216:
201:Order of the Dannebrog
118:Order of the Dannebrog
1574:(2). Maynard: 54–55.
1441:King George of Greece
1425:10.17077/etd.ci6dkkhl
985:Danmarks Adels Aarbog
954:Danmarks Adels Aarbog
758:King George of Greece
603:
596:Selected bibliography
477:
461:King George of Greece
442:
289:
214:
172:. While stationed in
1613:– via Ingenta.
1378:Indianapolis Journal
578:Royal Danish Theatre
574:Danish Writers Guild
418:Speaker of the House
334:Rattanakosin Kingdom
297:in Copenhagen, 1888.
1242:(in Danish). lex.dk
535:, a young boy from
517:Hans Niels Andersen
425:U.S. Virgin Islands
1518:. pp. 62–76.
1302:. January 4, 1900.
1236:"Walter Christmas"
1135:"Walter Christmas"
1103:Krak, Ove (1910).
926:"Walter Christmas"
710:Guldminen Malibran
610:
545:Arthur Conan Doyle
445:
398:Danish West Indies
299:
261:Order of the Sword
251:, a member of the
245:lieutenant colonel
217:
189:Danish West Indies
125:Espionage activity
1611:10.1386/nl.9.45_1
1493:978-0-7475-9183-2
1373:"Alleged Scandal"
584:" from 1906 and "
469:Compton Mackenzie
453:Mansfield Cumming
313:'s expedition to
307:second lieutenant
276:Garrison Cemetery
164:, then later the
151:Walter Christmas,
144:
143:
57:February 10, 1861
1746:
1704:Danish novelists
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1353:. March 28, 1902
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722:Eventyrblomstren
644:Kærlighedens ret
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553:William Gillette
253:Legion of Honour
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25:Walter Christmas
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363:Nationaltidende
361:publication of
355:Paknam incident
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178:Paknam incident
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1660:. Retrieved
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1143:. Retrieved
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826:. Retrieved
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88:Burial place
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1724:1861 births
1719:1924 deaths
1662:December 7,
1283:j.ctt7zv4n8
1246:December 7,
1219:December 7,
1215:(in Danish)
1145:December 7,
1141:(in Danish)
1139:gravsted.dk
936:December 7,
932:(in Danish)
332:, then the
268:West Indies
237:chamberlain
162:Danish Navy
98:Citizenship
1678:Categories
802:References
746:Karusellen
704:Smaa Helte
680:Kong Peder
656:Peder Most
533:Peder Most
500:(English:
492:Authorship
382:rheumatism
259:, and the
221:Jægersborg
170:Greek Navy
106:Occupation
80:Copenhagen
61:Jægersborg
53:1861-02-10
1605:: 45–61.
1580:0005-4070
1516:Gyldendal
1319:Gyldendal
1115:cite book
1077:August 4,
1049:August 3,
1022:August 4,
964:August 3,
794:Fejl Kurs
760:(Danish:
618:Fejl Kurs
614:Gyldendal
537:Svendborg
511:(Danish:
463:(Danish:
435:Espionage
392:Diplomacy
338:Siam Navy
315:Greenland
229:baronesse
82:, Denmark
63:, Denmark
1385:June 11,
1357:June 11,
752:Annelise
582:Skærsild
405:John Hay
349:, under
330:Thailand
168:and the
378:captain
225:Denmark
101:Denmark
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764:) 1913
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718:, 1908
712:, 1908
706:, 1907
688:, 1905
670:, 1903
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658:, 1901
652:, 1901
646:, 1895
640:, 1895
634:, 1894
628:, 1892
386:Skagen
255:, the
243:, and
131:Agency
114:Awards
109:Author
1279:JSTOR
1043:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
989:(PDF)
958:(PDF)
521:libel
319:Fylla
303:cadet
294:Fylla
292:HDMS
1664:2020
1632:ISBN
1576:ISSN
1547:ISBN
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1387:2021
1359:2021
1323:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1248:2020
1221:2020
1188:ISBN
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1121:link
1079:2022
1051:2022
1024:2022
966:2022
938:2020
898:ISBN
860:ISBN
830:2022
770:1915
700:1906
407:and
290:The
174:Siam
69:Died
43:Born
1607:doi
1421:doi
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547:'s
155:MI6
135:MI6
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