567:(Google Translate) Citizens of Mooslerau AG; Education:. Kant Handelsschule AG, studied economics in Zurich in 1917, a doctorate in 1922 with a thesis on Switzerland. Cotton industry; professional practice in the administrations of the Swiss Natural Gas and the Swiss Federal Banking as business editor and subsequently business and publishing director of the Bern Tagblatte; from March 1936 Secretary SFV , appointed on 23. 10. 1937 its director; 1939-1974 President of the Reka; 1941-1969 Head of the newly established Seminar for Tourism at the University of St. Gallen (from 1946 as honorary professor, from 1959 as an associate professor, at its disposal honorary professor appointed); 1946 co-founder of the International Association of Scientific Experts Tourist (AIEST) and its president until 1974; 1963 co-founder and president of Internationalen Bureau of Social Tourism (BITS); significantly involved in the conversion of tuberculosis healing resort Leysin to socially tourist Holiday Station. Hunziker's scientific work and commitment is closely linked to that of Kurt Krapf. As a companion and friend called, but of highly-alone profile, he is likely to have a decisive impact on the scientific profiling Hunziker.
245:. Professor Hunziker was the founding president of the International Organisation of Social Tourism and ran the organization from 1963 until his death in 1974. Consistent with Dr. Hunziker's focus on social tourism, the aim of the OITS is to facilitate "the development of social tourism in the international framework. To this end it is in charge of coordinating the tourist activities of its members, as well as informing them on all matters concerning social tourism, as much on the cultural aspects as on the economic and social consequences." Further, OITS continues to promote Dr. Hunziker's interest in "access to leisure, holidays and tourism for the greatest number of people - youth, families, seniors and disabled people" and "fair and sustainable tourism, ensuring profit for the host populations and respecting the natural and cultural heritage."
185:) in which he tried to establish a "completely new discipline" as a branch of sociology; however, the attempt failed. But Hunziker and Krapf continued to examine tourism not only from an economic perspective, but also from a sociological one. Hunziker did not want tourism to have a negative impact on the cultural values of either the destination or the tourist. In 1972, Dr. Hunziker defined the essential elements of tourism science as:
203:
policy. Although
Hunziker was an economist by training, he rejected the earlier view of tourism research as a subset solely of economics. Instead, Hunziker viewed tourism more as a cultural phenomenon. As such, he expanded tourism research to integrate aspects of sociology, psychology, history, geography, marketing and law as well as an understanding of how medicine and technology impacts tourism.
823:. This book was an attempt by Swiss scholars to develop a general theory of tourism. The work was economic based and significantly influenced the tourism economics doctrine in Slovenia. It became clear to me that tourism cannot be perceived by economic instrumentation only and that tourism is not a single discipline or theory, but a multidisciplinary platform of knowledge.
173:
conjunction with that founded by Kurt Krapf at the
University of Berne. The Institute is now known as the Institut fĂĽr Ă–ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus (Institute for Public Service and Tourism). In 1942, Hunziker collaborated with Krapf (director of the Bern Research Institute of Tourism) to publish the "Outline of the General Teaching of Tourism" (
756:
tourism first brings about the redistribution of national income, dividing the world into tourist-generating and receiving countries, regions and destinations. Second, it also leads to the redistribution of income between sectors and companies within the economy, the latter resulting from the fact that tourism consumption differs from personal consumption.
181:), roughly translated as "Tourism is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." A year later Hunziker published a book on the system of "scientific tourism research" (
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AIEST owes its origin to the initiative of the Heads of the two Swiss
Tourism Research Institutes founded at the Universities of St.Gallen and Berne in 1941, Walter Hunziker and Kurt Krapf. After the end of the Second World War both felt the need to make known the fruits of their scientific work to a
906:
From scientific position social tourism became a matter of concern in the 6th decade as W. Hunziker (1958) referred to social tourism as to a noble ideal against discrimination and self-integration challenges in the current world. This opinion was supported by L. Minnaert, R. Maitland ir G. Miller
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Krapf and
Hunziker's theoretical views gained even more significance after they founded the first international association of tourism theorists, AIEST (Association internationale des experts du tourisme). From the start, the annual meetings (congresses) of the Association and the theoretical works
636:
Walter
Hunziker and Kurt Krapf, in their general theory of tourism published in 1942, attempted to distil the essence of tourism as both a human and economic activity. * * * They defined the subject of tourism as: 'the totality of relationships and phenomena linked with the stay of foreigners in a
253:
Dr. Walter
Hunziker was also Director of the Swiss Federation of Tourism (1937-1945), professor of tourism at the University of St. Gallen (1941-1969), Executive Vice President of the Swiss Federation of Tourism (1946-1964), and a member of the Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy (1946-1964).
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In one of the earliest works on the subject, Hunziker defined social tourism as 'the relationships and phenomena in the field of tourism resulting from participation in travel by economically weak or otherwise disadvantaged elements in society' . In 1957, he added a comment regarding the nature of
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Sixty years ago, Hunziker and Krapf (1942) showed that tourism has an influence on national economies. They demonstrated that, depending on the inwards or outwards direction of tourist flows, tourism can have both a positive and negative impact upon the quantity of national income. Consequently,
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We have seen that tourism has a critical impact on the social structures that characterize the traditional economies, and that it tends to replace, rather than boost, those economies. We have also considered the question of whether or not tourism is going to borrow from the old values in order to
674:
One of the oldest conceptual definitions of tourism was given by two pioneers of tourism research, Hunziker and Krapf (1942), who defined tourism as 'being a sum of relations and phenomena resulting from travel and stay of non residents, in so far a stay does not lead to permanent residence and is
211:
In May 1959, at the second
Congress of Social Tourism (Austria), Dr. Hunziker proposed the following definition: “Social tourism is a type of tourism practiced by low income groups, and which is rendered possible and facilitated by entirely separate and therefore easily recognizable services”. He
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In March 1936, Hunziker was hired to be secretary of the Swiss
Tourist Association and, on 23 Oct 1937, appointed its director. In 1941, Hunziker initiated graduate studies in tourism at the University of St. Gallen. Hunziker founded a Tourism Research Institute at the University of St. Gallen in
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Two pioneers of the Swiss tourism industry, Walter
Hunziker and Frédéric Tissot, materialized their vision and opened "Glion" in the early 60's. They chose the exceptional location of the "Grand Hôtel Bellevue", which was one of the most exclusive hotels of the area. The breathtaking views on the
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avoid causing excessive upheavals. In this aspect sociological and economic thought show the greatest weakness, which is paradoxical since in one of their earliest works, Hunziker and Krapf , regarded as the founders of the science of tourism, states that 'without culture, there is no tourism'.
860:
W. Hunziker at the Second
Congress of Social Tourism held at Vienna and Salzburg in 1959 proposed the following definition: 'Social tourism is a type of tourism practiced by low income groups, and which is rendered possible and facilitated by entirely separate and therefore easily recognizable
686:
Perhaps the earliest recognized definition of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist Hermann von Schullard in 1910, who defined it as, "sum total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain
202:
Hunziker was an early advocate of the need to apply interdisciplinary scientific analysis to understand the highly diverse nature of tourism, develop a coherent tourism pedagogy, and use that analytical framework and training to resolve problems associated with business management and economic
212:
viewed tourism as adding value to society by increasing understanding of other cultures and thereby reducing xenophobia and isolationism. For these reasons (rather than looking solely at economics), Dr. Hunziker opined that governments should support and encourage social tourism.
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According to Hunziker, in what is regarded now as one of the classic definitions: 'Tourism is the sum of the relations and phenomena which result from travelling and visiting an area by non-residents providing that it does not entail resettlement or paid work.'
1111:, the Riviera and the Alps gave the school a unique cachet. More importantly, the location was particularly well suited for a Hospitality Management School. Thus Glion (previously called "Centre International de Glion") opened in 1962
240:
In 1951, Drs. Hunziker and Krapf founded the Association Internationale d'Experts Scientifiques du Tourisme (AIEST) in order to re-connect tourism researchers after World War II. In 1962, Hunziker and Frédéric Tissot co-founded the
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it published became the foundation for scientific insights into world tourism. The above-mentioned authors did not stop working together, but worked independently as well. As a result, Kurt Krapf (1953) wrote a widely quoted work
472:
Hunziker, Walter (1899–1974) Leading Swiss tourism academic, administrator and entrepreneur, Professor of Tourism at the University of St Gallen, head of several national as well as co-founder and President of international
907:(2006), who stated that social tourism is a tourism with additional moral value, main task of which is to bring mutual benefit both to service provider and service receiver in tourism services' exchange.
979:"The Chairman and Director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, Dr Fritz Ehrensperger and Dr Walter Hunziker, came up with the notion together with the Chairman of the Swiss Trade Union Federation,
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social tourism and defined the concept as 'a particular type of tourism characterised by the participation of people with a low income, providing them with special services, recognised as such' .
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wider circle of colleagues, and to resume the broken threads of international scientific relations in tourism, in order to develop them as well as the scientific work related to tourism itself.
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locality provided they do not exercise a major, permanent or temporary remunerated activity.' * * * The work of Hunziker and Krapf is the base upon which several later definitions were built.
601:
Cf. Spode, Hasso (2009): Tourism Research and Theory in German Speaking Countries. In: Dann, G.M.S/Liebman-Parrinello, G. (eds.): The Sociology of Tourism, Bingeley: Emerald, pp. 70ff.
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177:), which became the standard work for basic research in tourism. As part of this text, Hunziker and Krapf developed one of the first broadly accepted definitions of "tourism" (
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Tourism Experience Innovation Networks, Tourism Experience Innovations and the Role of Geographically Organised Production and Information Innovation Networks
385:]. Schriftenreihe des Seminars fĂĽr Fremdenverkehr und Verkehrspolitik an der Hochschule St. Gallen (in German). Vol. 18. Bern: Gurtenverlag.
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Hunziker, Walter (1961). "Die menschlichen beziehungen in der touristischen Entwicklungshilfe" [Human relations in tourism development aid].
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335:]. Publication de la Commission Scientifique de l'Alliance Internationale de Tourisme (in French). Vol. 1. Geneva: Imprim. Federative SA.
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Hunziker, Walter; Krapf, Kurt (1955). Schweizerische Gesellschaft fĂĽr Statistik und Volkswirtschaft (ed.). "Fremdenverkehr" [Tourism].
293:]. Seminars fĂĽr Fremdenverkehr und Verkehrspolitik an der Handels-Hochschule St. Gallen. Vol. 1. Zurich: Polygraphischer Verlag AG.
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in 1923. His doctoral thesis was on the Swiss cotton industry, 1914-1919. Hunziker was first employed by Swiss Natural Gas (
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As a pragmatic implementation of social tourism, Walter Hunziker co-developed the concept of the Swiss travel savings fund (
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314:]. Handels-Hochschule (St. Gallen). Seminar fur Fremdenverkehr. Schriftenreihe (in German). Vol. 5. St. Gallen.
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272:]. Publikationen des schweizerischen Fremdenverkehrsverbandes. Vol. 15. Bern: Fédération Suisse du Tourisme.
128:. He was a director of the Swiss Tourism Federation, member of Swiss Advisory Committee for Trade Policy, and author.
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Hunziker, Walter (1969). "Dreissig Jahre Schweizer Reisekasse" [Thirty years of Swiss Travel Fund].
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Minnaert, Lynn; Diekmann, Anya; McCabe, Scott (2011). McCabe, Scott; Minnaert, Lynn; Diekmann, Anya (eds.).
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or Reka), which helps low income families enjoy vacations. Hunziker was president of REKA, 1939-1974.
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When I entered tourism research, I read the pioneering tourism work by Hunziker and Krapf (1942),
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Betriebswirtschaftslehre des Fremdenverkehrs: Der Fremdenverkehrsbetrieb und seine Organisation
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925:. Aspects of Tourism. Vol. 52. Bristol, UK: Channel View Publications. p. 20.
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Ferien: Interpretationen und Popularisierung eines BedĂĽrfnisses : Schweiz 1890-1950
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1169:(in German). Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Academy for Humanities and Social Sciences. 1899
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807:. Tourism Social Science. Vol. 16. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 118–119.
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Hunziker was born in Zurich on 27 Mar 1899 to Jakob Hunziker, but Walter Hunziker's
116:(1899–1974) was a Swiss professor who founded the Tourism Research Institute at the
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Holiday: interpretations and popularization of a need : Switzerland 1890-1950
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defining and explaining the various terms and concepts associated with tourism;
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Business Administration of Tourism: The tourist industry and its organization
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hile the first serious scientific textbook on tourism was published in 1942
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developing tourism pedagogy that is practical and not just theoretical; and,
875:"Adaptation of Social Tourism as of Alternative Form of Tourism in Europe"
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617:. Vol. 1. London: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). pp. 50–51.
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addressing problems related to economic policy and business management.
148:) in Zurich before receiving a Doctorate in Economic Sciences from the
144:, Aargau. In 1917, he completed a two-year primary commercial school (
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Chon, Kaye Sung (2012). Hsu, Cathy H. C.; Gartner, William C. (eds.).
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System und Hauptprobleme einer wissenschaftlichen Fremdenverkehrslehre
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System und Hauptprobleme einer wissenschaftlichen Fremdenverkehrslehre
1126:. Brussels, Belgium: Organisation Internationale du Tourisme Social.
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1029:"International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST)"
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1963 – 1974, Prof. Hunziker, Founding President, REKA – Switzerland
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Die touristische Konsum: Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Konsumption
776:. Richard Warren Butler. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 9.
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1031:. Maastricht, The Netherlands: Hospitality Net BV. Archived from
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not connected with any permanent or temporary earning activity'.
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Geschichte der Tourismusforschung (History of Tourism Research)
266:
Beiträge zur Fremdenverkehrslehre und Fremdenverkehrsgeschichte
526:(in French). Lausanne, Switzerland: Université de Lausanne
1080:, and Walter Hunziker (1959) wrote a comprehensive work
449:(3 ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier). p.
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System and main problems of scientific tourism research
770:"Tourism as the subject of interdisciplinary research"
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Contributions to tourism education and tourism history
555:] (in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 295.
835:Goeldner, Charles R.; Ritchie, J. R. Brent (2009).
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841:(11 ed.). John Wiley and Sons. p. 378.
493:Matrikeledition der Universität Zürich 1833-1924
708:The Effects of Tourism on Socio-Cultural Values
327:Hunziker, Walter; Kens, Andrew Gabriel (1951).
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287:Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre
175:Grundriss der Allgemeinen Fremdenverkehrslehre
1163:"Information about Person "Hunziker, Walter""
922:Social Tourism in Europe: Theory and Practice
743:. Channel View Publications. pp. 89–90.
524:Base de données des élites suisses au XXe s.
445:Dictionary of travel, tourism and hospitality
8:
1082:Betriebswirtschaftslehre des Fremdenverkehrs
838:Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies
740:Tourism and development: concepts and issues
737:Sharpley, Richard; Telfer, David J. (2002).
614:Tourism: The nature and structure of tourism
358:Handbuch der Schweizerischen Volkswirtschaft
329:Le Tourisme Social: caracteres et problemes
1053:The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Research
774:Tourism research: critiques and challenges
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291:Outline of the general teaching of tourism
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400:Le tourisme: caracteristiques principales
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333:Social tourism: its nature and problems
120:, co-developed the scientific study of
76:Developing the field of tourism science
1165:[Swiss Diplomatic Documents].
821:The Outline of General Tourism Science
285:Hunziker, Walter; Krapf, Kurt (1942).
264:Hunziker, Walter; Krapf, Kurt (1941).
983:, of creating a travel savings fund."
652:The economics of tourism destinations
7:
655:. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 2.
189:understanding the nature of tourism;
1167:Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz
1084:, and a number of shorter articles.
236:Glion Institute of Higher Education
228:Tourism institutes and associations
882:GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites
804:The Discovery of Tourism Economics
14:
364:. Bern: Benteli-Verlag: 496–503.
873:Kinderis, Remigijus (May 2010).
520:"Hunziker, Walter (1899 - 1974)"
495:. Universität Zürich. 1 Dec 2014
772:. In Pearce, Douglas G. (ed.).
768:Przeclawski, Krzysztof (1993).
243:Institut International de Glion
126:Institut International de Glion
1:
545:Schumacher, Beatrice (2002).
714:, Paris: UNESCO, 18 Dec 1975
402:(in French). Berne: Gurten.
249:Other professional positions
1262:University of Zurich alumni
1098:Academic Catalog, 2012-2014
687:country, city or a region."
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611:Williams, Stephen (2004).
1056:. Routledge. p. 11.
649:Vanhove, Norbert (2005).
398:Hunziker, Walter (1972).
377:Hunziker, Walter (1959).
306:Hunziker, Walter (1943).
222:Schweizerische Reisekasse
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958:(3). MCB UP Ltd: 89–99.
154:Schweizerischen Gaswerke
118:University of St. Gallen
102:University of St. Gallen
1242:Swiss social scientists
696:Spode op.cit., pp.71ff.
588:, Roskilde University,
1247:Tourism in Switzerland
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801:Dwyer, Larry (2011).
579:Sørensen, F. (2004),
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894:University of Oradea
441:Medlik, S. (2003) .
150:University of Zurich
138:place of citizenship
67:University of Zurich
1272:Tourism researchers
1257:Sustainable tourism
1141:"What is the OITS?"
158:Eidgenössische Bank
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168:Science of tourism
1124:"OITS Chronology"
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