425:(Absurd Notes). At the trial in April 1937 Huang argued that indicting his group for the crime of criticizing the government assumed that to criticize the government was to weaken the nation. This assumption, Wang told the court, ignored modern principles of political theory because the government derived its power from the people. When the seven were released on bail in July, they proclaimed that "one is not wrong to for wanting to save the country."
539:
the fact that "wicked people" undermined and opposed the principles behind them. Wang had high hopes for the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, established just after the war with Japan started in 1937. He felt that the wide range of political parties and views represented in the new body could become a channel of communication between the government and the masses, leading eventually to democratic institutions.
368:), which also urged resistance to Japanese expansionism. Wang joined them, but seemed more interested in theoretical discussions than their campaigns to support political prisoners or civil rights. The League dissolved when one of its leading organizers was assassinated outside League headquarters in Shanghai, but the debate continued.
326:
546:
had proposed to use for a transitional period but Chiang Kai-shek saw as justifying almost indefinite party rule. Wang agreed that the majority of the
Chinese people were ignorant, but questioned whether the GMD was full of talented, honest, and morally pure members. Political tutelage, Wang charged,
538:
Constitutionalism was another aspect of Wang's desires for China. He argued that constitutionalism had not failed in the years since the establishment of the
Republic in 1912, for in fact it had never been tried. Critics pointed to their weaknesses, but the problem was not with constitutions but with
509:
Wang's daughter, Hairuo had schizophrenia. His daughter
Hairong refused to participate in criticism of her father, was labeled a "counter-revolutionary", and tortured to death. His sons were hospitalized for schizophrenia and died in hospital. In 1966 Wang was held in Shanghai First Detention Center,
526:
and rejected the idea that these rights proceeded from nature or that they were inherent; Wang insisted that human rights were indeed attached to man's moral nature, but that their central value was that meaningful existence would be impossible without them. Without rights, one could be hardly said
558:"had the right to impeach officials independently and publicly," and that "perhaps we can consider expanding the monitoring role of the CPPCC... into something similar", which would "foster and carry on the fine tradition of scholars of integrity that China has had throughout her history.
978:
48:
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that attacked traditional
Chinese civilization, and was twice arrested and jailed. He was student council president. After graduation in August 1925 he went to the United States, where he obtained a PhD in political science at the
428:
In March 1938, Wang offered a politics class at
Jiangxi School of Education as Professor and Director, responsible for the training of cadres in Jiangxi Province during the Anti-Japanese War. In September, in Ji'an he founded
535:
was those fundamental rights required to develop the individual, protect individual interests, and promote social progress, a utilitarian definition rather than a
Lockean one based on natural rights.
379:
and several others organized the
Shanghai Cultural Salvation Council. In 1936 he became head of the Shanghai Federation of National Salvation as cultural propaganda officer. He urged the
495:
329:
7 Gentleman at Suzhou after released from prison, July 31, 1937 (From left to right: Wang Zaoshi, Shi Liang, Zhang Naiqi, Shen Junru, Sha Qianli, Li Gongpu, and Zou Taofen)
54:
1003:
551:). He argued that the GMD illustrated the rule: "It is human nature that, once in power, people either as individuals or as groups, are unwilling to give it up."
459:(Observer), and the arrest of the staff. Wang Zaoshi organized pressure on the authorities and the prisoners were released in February of the following year.
1008:
983:
993:
467:
When the People's
Liberation Army entered Shanghai, Wang was active in the "patriotic democracy movement" and in 1951, was made history professor at
318:主张与批评 (Advocacy and criticism) semimonthly, later founded the "Freedom Forum 自由论坛 (Ziyou luntan) magazine. November 1933, he participated in the "
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963:
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351:
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In the early 1930s, increasing repression by the
Nationalist government led a group of both leftist and liberal intellectuals, including
973:
172:, September 2, 1903 – August 5, 1971) was a Chinese lawyer and activist for human rights and constitutional government under both the
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177:
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to stop internal repression, to free political prisoners, and to put up resistance to the Japanese. In June 1936, Wang, Shen, Zou,
451:, many of whose members had been human rights advocates since the 1920s. In December 1948, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the seizure of
257:, he continued to advocate constitutional government, democratic reforms, human rights and democracy, but was attacked after the
189:
149:
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522:) had been shaped by Harold Laski's Fabianism. He argued "human rights" were different from the "natural rights" advocated by
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106:
880:
Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2013). "Demythologizing Politicized Myths: A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident".
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197:
153:
403:
306:
In 1930 Wang returned to China by way of the Soviet Union and was appointed Dean of Faculty of Arts at Shanghai's
277:, Jiangxi, born September 1903 to a family of lumber and bamboo merchants. In 1919, as a middle-school student at
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714:"The "Active Rightists" of 1957 and Their Legacy:"Right-Wing Intellectuals," Revisionists, and Rights Defenders"
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567:民憲運動之初步 (Minxian yundong zhi chubu) (First steps of the democratic constitutional movement) Nanjing 1932.
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of 1957 that the "rule of law has to be strengthened if we are to extend democracy." In the following
953:
948:
587:社會科學史綱 (Shehui kexue shi gang; Outline of social science) Changsha: 1940. Translation of R.C. Givler,
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290:
in June 1929. He then went as a research student to London School of Economics, where he worked with
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577:國家的理論與實際 (Guojia de lilun yu shiji) Changsha, Commercial Press, 1939. Translation of Harold Laski,
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494:, in which liberals, seemingly at Mao's invitation, became more forthright. Wang told the
444:. After the war he founded the Shanghai Free Press, also served as private legal counsel.
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490:, was cautious in his criticisms of the political situation, but in 1957 joined the
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In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929-1949
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and post-doctoral work at University of London. In the years leading up to the
584:荒謬集 Huangmiu ji (Absurd Notes) Shanghai: 自由言論社 1935. Five editions after 1935.
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844:. Vol. III. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. pp. 397–398.
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where he died in August 1971 due to hepatorenal syndrome, at the age of 70.
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570:歷史哲學 (Lishi zhexue) (Shanghai, 1936. Translation of Georg Wilhelm Hegel,
531:): people needed rights as much as a fish needs water. His definition of
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904:
Debating Human Rights in China : A Conceptual and Political History
246:
during leading up to the Second Sino-Japanese War. He was active in the
47:
80:
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University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
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In the mid-1950s, Wang, along with older, liberal colleagues such as
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Wang criticized the Nationalist Party's doctrine of tutelage, which
421:, whose publication government censors had prevented, and worked on
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230:, liberal scholars and activists arrested in 1936 for advocating a
324:
865:. Cambridge, England; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
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581:(New York: Viking, 1935). Eight editions between 1936 and 1969.
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Mao's Prey: The History of Chen Renbing, Liberal Intellectual
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In September 1960 Wang was briefly rehabilitated, but in the
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215:) that agitated for resistance to Japan and criticized the
417:. While in jail, Wang revised the manuscript for his book
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310:. After the Japanese attacked Manchuria in the 1931
219:for its weak policies. He was one of the so-called
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496:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
188:then went to the United States for a doctorate at
55:The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese Dignitaries
749:, Taylor & Francis, p. 67 notes 80, 84,
471:and director of its Institute of World History.
347:China League for the Protection of Civil Rights
840:Boorman, Howard L.; et al., eds. (1970).
554:In 1957 he wrote that under the emperors, the
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842:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China
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811:
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447:During these years, Wang was active in the
502:, Mao Zedong declared them all rightists.
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907:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
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547:should be based on "good-man politics" (
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574:. Eight editions between 1936 and 1981.
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1004:Victims of the Anti-Rightist Campaign
572:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
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196:(1937-1945) he was prominent in the
514:Views on democracy and human rights
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984:Academic staff of Fudan University
281:in Beijing he participated in the
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366:Zongguo minquan baozhang tongmeng
994:20th-century Chinese journalists
743:Jeanette Ford Fernandez (2016),
579:The State in Theory and Practice
419:An Analysis of the China Problem
190:University of Wisconsin, Madison
150:University of Wisconsin, Madison
969:Chinese human rights activists
730:10.4000/chinaperspectives.2553
518:Wang's views on human rights (
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198:National Salvation Association
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882:Frontiers of History in China
455:'s liberal Shanghai magazine
302:Career and political activism
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406:were arrested in the famous
371:Near the end of 1935, Wang,
253:After the foundation of the
989:Chinese democracy activists
894:10.3868/s020-002-013-0004-6
859:Fung, Edmund S. K. (2000).
435:National Political Assembly
52:Wang Zaoshi as pictured in
16:Chinese lawyer and activist
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974:Tsinghua University alumni
255:People's Republic of China
250:during and after the war.
182:People's Republic of China
154:London School of Economics
136:People's Republic of China
118:People's Republic of China
107:People's Republic of China
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901:Svensson, Marina (2002).
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463:In the People's Republic
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408:Seven Gentlemen Incident
194:Second Sino-Japanese War
449:China Democratic League
288:University of Wisconsin
248:China Democratic League
240:Chinese Communist Party
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242:in order to fight the
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273:Wang was a native of
184:. He was educated at
127:王雄生 (Wang Xiongsheng)
999:Writers from Jiangxi
492:100 Flowers Movement
259:100 Flowers Movement
507:Cultural Revolution
308:Guanghua University
283:May Fourth Movement
263:Cultural Revolution
261:of 1957 and in the
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146:Tsinghua University
718:China Perspectives
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662:Shan (2013)
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385:Zhang Naiqi
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339:Cai Yuanpei
275:Anfu County
224: [
201: [
162:Wang Zaoshi
132:Citizenship
114:Nationality
40:Wang Zaoshi
25:family name
943:Categories
914:0742516962
872:0521771242
851:0231045581
799:, p.
783:, p.
692:, p.
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592:References
524:John Locke
488:Luo Longji
480:Chu Anping
453:Chu Anping
400:Sha Qianli
377:Shen Junru
373:Zou Taofen
343:Lin Yutang
269:Early life
236:Kuomintang
69:1903-09-02
597:Citations
556:censorate
404:Shi Liang
389:Li Gongpu
213:全国各界救国联合会
142:Education
933:WorldCat
818:WorldCat
712:(2007).
362:中国民权保障同盟
238:and the
180:and the
103:Shanghai
19:In this
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533:minquan
520:minquan
457:Guancha
358:Chinese
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166:Chinese
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85:China
909:ISBN
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92:Died
77:Anfu
63:Born
30:Wang
930:王造時
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170:王造时
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