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Illinois, which has a daytime center for a time slot during which overnight shelters are closed to clients. She states that warmth and snacks "is not nearly enough...what we need is a place where they can go the whole winter". Her concerns are seconded by Sue
Loellebach of Connections for the Homeless, who laments the paucity of warm refuge during daylight hours, but rejects that and even extended-stay shelters as inadequate and that they perpetuate the status quo.
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utilizing
Warming Centers are persons who are not in the shelter system for an array of reasons not necessarily associated with pathology. They may personally be in transit but not prepared financially or otherwise to contend with unanticipated weather conditions. Others may be locals who are eligible for but decline to stay in shelters due to objections to policies and procedures.
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161:(MOUs) with relevant agencies; however, existing shelter sites are typically at the highest level of use compatible with neighborhood character and the political balance of power. Few warming center sites appear to be utilizing the same building as routine homeless shelter operations, and the preponderance of them do situate in alternative sites.
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that operates when temperatures or a combination of precipitation, wind chill, wind and temperature become dangerously inclement. Their paramount purpose is the prevention of death and injury from exposure to the elements. This may include acute trauma from falling objects such as trees, or injury to
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due to supply and demand imbalance, or may simply be uninterested in nightly access during mild weather, but some observers note that others may be unable to comply with conditions for use. According to
Detroit socialist writer Naomi Spencer, they serve also as "a last resort for homeless people to
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contains chapters on shelters and heating. He also outlines means of creating a personal warming center by using ATM access cards. His recommendations have been circulated by
Chicago's urban community activist Chrisdian Wittenburg including instructions on building a makeshift stove and a plethora
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services due to disciplinary exclusions or non-compliance with behavioral policies. In order to distinguish mere oddness from behavioral disorders which might disrupt the ability of other persons to obtain service, professional staff is the preferred alternative to all-volunteer personnel. Others
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has been activated, it is required to connect with the populations it intends to reach and persuade them to come in. A significant population is resistant to interaction with perceived "authorities" and others may not have sufficient contact with the system of care to be adequately aware of their
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When not using existing shelters under MOUs or other legal instruments relaxing ordinary legal restrictions, venues of operation frequently involve coalitions of non-profit entities which own or operate suitable real estate. These include churches and community organizations but also may involve
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But advocates of warming centers have similarly noted that they tend to maintain the status quo by not addressing structural factors, but their emphasis is that too little rather than too much is done to help the needy. Sue Murphy is the administrative director of
Interfaith Action of Evanston,
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In some cases, when cold snaps threaten wildlife, they are created and operated to protect endangered wild animals. Cold blooded animals such as turtles are particularly vulnerable as are their hatchlings. Emergency shelters vary in policy on pets, companions, or domesticated animals, although
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Once opened and populated, they typically offer only the most bare-bones of service: a cot and perhaps a bowl of hot soup. They are generally operated with one or more experienced professional staff person, due to the difficulties which untrained volunteers might encounter in dealing with the
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At the other end of the continuum, critics have expressed skepticism that the churches and other facilities utilized for warming centers are appropriate and capable of handling the clientele. Another contention is that assisting homeless people "enables" them to continue a lifestyle which is
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Perception of the importance and priority of warming centers varies. At one extreme, their under-utilization or minimal level of service is characterized as unfriendly. During the blizzard of
February 2011, the City of Ottawa, Illinois did not have established warming centers, and an
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restrictions, homeless shelters and day centers serving homeless populations are often legally constrained from exceeding authorized capacity. Not infrequently, existing shelters are engaged with ongoing negotiations with neighbors who in some cases take a
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Others simply find shelters too regimented, too much like jail: newspaperman Mike
Hendricks quotes a former resident of an unauthorized homeless encampment named Crow, who said that "some guys would sooner do what they want and not be told what to do."
210:, or, in other jurisdictions, an activation trigger. Lane County, Oregon utilizes an elaborate system of tiered readiness levels in collaboration with the American Red Cross. They refer to these levels as their "alert status", ranging from fair weather
203:, uses a more complex formula to determine when to open shelters; factors include wet or dry conditions, the night's predicted low, the three-day trend of lows, sustained wind speed, and whether snow is on the ground or predicted to fall.
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find respite from the cold, especially those with drug addictions, mental illness, or criminal backgrounds, who may not meet requirements imposed by some homeless shelters or religious charity operations." Others, including
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For transportation to centers, some offer free transportation, in some cases for persons being released from jail into conditions of inclement weather. In blizzard conditions, snowmobile enthusiasts have been mobilized.
154:(not in my backyard) attitude toward existing operations. Any increase in capacity can become politicized, despite the exigencies of spikes in cold temperature days, particularly when cold or rainy weather is routine.
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facility was established. Users were required to bring their own food and blankets, drawing fire for the "have-nots...can all freeze to death...here in the friendly city." In
Detroit, failure to disburse
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Warming centers are generally opened for only a few days at a time based on the conditions of the area, although some are open for specific portion of the year when weather conditions are adverse.
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Thus, they need to secure alternative sites unless restrictions are waived due to extreme or otherwise unusual weather. Such waivers may be either on a one-time basis, or pursuant to
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886:"Public Comment on Agenda Item: Request From Mayor Schneider And Councilmember House Regarding A Funding Request From Freedom Warming Centers, Santa Barbara City Council"
868:"Public Comment on Agenda Item: Request From Mayor Schneider And Councilmember House Regarding A Funding Request From Freedom Warming Centers, Santa Barbara City Council"
256:. One of the benefits hoped for with regard to those projects is that there will be better opportunities to promote the warming center option to vulnerable populations.
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1089:"Comment on Agenda Item: Request From Mayor Schneider And Councilmember House Regarding A Funding Request From Freedom Warming Centers, Santa Barbara City Council"
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may be admitted even when other animals are prohibited. During large scale disasters, there are frequently separate locations including a safe place for horses.
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In more recent times, U.S. warming centers are proliferating as a means to serve the unsheltered homeless during temperature and rainfall spikes. Such
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Centers often coordinate with outside programs. For communication of the availability of open centers, many coordinate with the
Federally mandated
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are generally published weekly or less frequently, which makes them useful only for general information such as contact numbers and locations.
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The city of
Chicago opens its shelters from December 1 to March 1 each year, as well as any other times the temperature drops below freezing.
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Berlin (Territory under Allied Occupation, 1945– U.S. Sector), Germany (Territory under Allied Occupation, 1945–1955 : U.S. Zone)
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Some municipalities designate existing public facilities as warming centers during extreme cold weather. Examples include
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Dr. Lynn Jahnke, Public Testimony, South Coast Homeless Advisory Committee, Minutes, February 10, 2011
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516:"Three shelters, "warming center" to open their doors today | KVOA.com | Tucson, Arizona"
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1134:– trainings which include Mass Shelter Overview and Shelter Operations, much of which is pertinent
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Warming centers frequently are opened as a response to the occurrence of hospitalizations dues to
96:. In other circumstances, centers serve stranded motorists or, during cold-weather power outages,
65:, the risk for which is aggravated by factors such as age, alcohol consumption, and homelessness.
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Writer: David Shadrack Smith. Directors: Jim Gaffey and David Shadrack Smith (April 9, 2008).
900:"Report to Santa Barbara Board of Supervisors, Steven Levios Memorial Homeless Opinion Survey"
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clientele. Often, users of warming centers are persons who are not participating in routine
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operations, warming centers are more frequently housed in different locations. Due to
546:(Press release). Anne Arundel County Office of Emergency Management. December 13, 2016
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Churches, like this one in the United States, are frequently used as warming centers.
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Thus warming centers are frequently directed to the circumstances of persons who are
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resulted in a situation where people slept in plastic chairs or "in cold hallways".
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Activation is generally a centralized decision based upon what is termed either an
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989:"After judge's warning, homeless camp with TV, Christmas lights is taken apart"
428:"Art galleries and libraries to become 'warm banks' as energy bills hit £3,500"
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They seem to go back as far as 1945, when used in Berlin at the conclusion of
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special-purpose institutional real estate such as national guard armories.
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61:. A more prevalent emergency which warming centers seek to prevent is
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778:"Washington County Severe Weather/Warming Center Information". 211.
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risk factors include age, medical conditions, and homeless status.
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494:"Freezing Temps Convert ORA into Sea Turtle Warming Center Again"
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While they are in some cases directly affiliated with existing
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566:"Warming center now open at National Guard Armory in Gilroy"
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and who, for one reason or another, do not utilize existing
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options. A recent trend promoted by organizations such as
706:"Disaster Responders—Emergency Warming Center Volunteers"
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Once a center has been sited, staffed and the volunteer
634:"Windsor Locks Open Warming Center During Power Outage"
610:"Multnomah County Homeless Families Emergency Services"
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Richmond, Randy and John Miner, The London Free Press.
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Tom Brown's Field Guide to City and Suburban Survival
656:""Warming Center" Open at Apache Middle School &"
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1066:"Detroit cuts funding for homeless warming centers"
935:"Detroit cuts funding for homeless warming centers"
541:"Excessive Cold Prompts Opening of Warming Centers"
301:when unsheltered persons are discovered in extreme
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1517:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
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964:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
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478:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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588:"Warming center opens at homeless shelter"
902:. County of Santa Barbara. Archived from
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347:Field Guide to City and Suburban Survival
189:Determination to activate warming centers
2002:Public policies addressing homelessness
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1107:"Evanston homeless find warm shelters"
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590:. Lompocrecord.com. November 23, 2010
407:"Councils consider 'heat bank' offer"
7:
350:of collaborative cultural projects.
293:Historic and current role in society
1138:"Homeless Families: Warming Center"
1064:Spencer, Naomi (January 29, 2011).
731:"Emergency Warming Center 2011-12"
496:. Reef2reef.com. December 24, 2010
366:Community Development Block Grants
323:may not have access to year-round
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842:"County declared a disaster area"
405:Bakht, Shayma (August 17, 2022).
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252:and site data onto HUD-mandated
1527:Youth Homelessness Matters Day
1043:"Cities offer warming centers"
813:. Fresno.gov. January 22, 2011
660:Sierra Vista-Ft. Huachuca News
235:Outreach to vulnerable persons
1:
1271:Anti-homelessness legislation
937:. Wsws.org. January 29, 2011
518:. KVOA.com. February 3, 2011
36:Visitors to a warming center
1434:Homeless Friendly Precincts
1021:. New York: Berkley Trade.
159:memorandum of understanding
116:Location of warming centers
88:due to a personal state of
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1068:. World Socialist Web Site
279:Warming centers in service
267:phone information system.
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1764:Eastern European children
455:"A warming centre refuge"
27:Type of emergency shelter
1502:Homelessness Action Week
1094:. City of Santa Barbara.
987:Hendricks, Mike (2011).
888:. City of Santa Barbara.
873:. City of Santa Barbara.
1599:Latin American children
1522:Street Child World Cup
1507:Homeless Persons' Week
991:. The Kansas City Star
958:"Inside Straight Edge"
681:"DFSS Warming Centers"
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1470:Single-room occupancy
1362:Homelessness services
759:. Egan Warming Center
250:vulnerability indexes
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1997:Emergency management
1689:Bangladeshi children
1486:Transitional housing
1109:. Daily Northwestern
1311:Vulnerability Index
1140:, Human Solutions,
1045:. The Times Company
1013:Brown, Tom (1986).
906:on January 17, 2011
254:enumeration studies
57:extremities due to
1987:Emergency services
1512:Homeless World Cup
1132:American Red Cross
884:Jahnke, Dr. Lynn.
866:Jahnke, Dr. Lynn.
733:. Oregon Red Cross
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52:) is a short-term
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1087:Francisco, Dale.
968:on April 25, 2008
791:Missing or empty
568:. Gilroy Dispatch
459:London Free Press
434:. August 30, 2022
325:homeless shelters
269:Street newspapers
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1571:South Africa
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1417:Penny sit-up
1347:Soup kitchen
1321:Survival sex
1306:Spirituality
1281:Bumvertising
1179:Homelessness
1113:February 14,
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846:My Web Times
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1914:New Zealand
1884:Switzerland
1879:Netherlands
1731:North Korea
1651:Minneapolis
1213:Mole people
1193:Aged people
972:January 28,
757:"Home Page"
354:Controversy
345:Tom Brown's
299:hypothermia
86:unsheltered
78:Hypothermia
63:hypothermia
1981:Categories
1656:New Mexico
1624:California
1609:LGBT youth
1541:By country
793:|url=
438:August 30,
412:August 30,
392:References
241:phone tree
230:Operations
214:status to
98:homeowners
1904:Australia
1711:Indonesia
1671:Elsewhere
1592:Vancouver
1495:Awareness
1481:Tent city
1476:Squatting
1340:Responses
1208:McRefugee
305:-related
208:algorithm
147:fire code
59:frostbite
50:warm bank
46:heat bank
1959:Medicine
1934:Category
1843:Portugal
1820:Scotland
1704:children
1641:Columbus
1636:Colorado
1614:Veterans
1580:Americas
1390:Shelters
1233:Vagrants
1203:Families
784:cite web
474:cite web
380:See also
303:exposure
224:activate
44:(also a
1945:Portals
1897:Oceania
1874:Germany
1815:England
1800:Ireland
1795:Finland
1790:Denmark
1769:Hungary
1666:Seattle
1646:Florida
1556:Algeria
1443:Housing
321:cohorts
263:or the
216:standby
212:outlook
102:tenants
69:Purpose
1869:France
1838:Greece
1805:Sweden
1774:Russia
1750:Europe
1721:Israel
1661:Oregon
1587:Canada
1549:Africa
1450:Foyers
1264:Issues
1243:Tramps
1238:Bergie
1186:People
1025:
962:Inside
636:. WFSB
361:ad hoc
307:trauma
181:, and
145:, and
139:zoning
1848:Spain
1831:South
1783:North
1726:Japan
1699:India
1694:China
1619:Women
1561:Egypt
1472:(SRO)
1255:Youth
1248:Hobos
1144:, USA
1092:(PDF)
871:(PDF)
613:(PDF)
544:(pdf)
265:3-1-1
261:2-1-1
220:watch
152:NIMBY
1862:West
1757:East
1716:Iraq
1682:Asia
1379:List
1367:List
1316:Pets
1115:2011
1074:2011
1051:2011
1023:ISBN
997:2011
974:2011
943:2011
912:2011
853:2011
819:2011
797:help
765:2011
739:2011
717:2011
692:2011
667:2011
642:2011
620:2011
596:2011
574:2011
552:2016
524:2011
502:2011
480:link
466:2011
440:2022
414:2022
100:and
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