34:
82:
761:, and is collected and offered by the groom to the bride as the precursor of a married life. The friends and family of the couple usually throws a lot of money towards the couple as the Warays believe that the more money showered upon them, the more blessings shall arrive for the couple. In 2011, the performing art was cited by the
641:. The dance is so integral to Waray culture that it is also exhibited in birthdays, weddings, baptisms, and even political and sports events. Traditionally, the dance area for the dancers are leveled, and not elevated, so that the spectators may surround them, whether the location is indoor or outdoor. To begin the dance, the
444:
significantly from her songs in other languages like French and
Spanish. Her rendition is marked by noticeable mispronunciations, misplaced emphasis on certain words, and the inclusion of a few invented words. This rough delivery contrasts with the smoother performances she typically provides in other non-English songs.
657:(heel steps). Both of which are extremely rapid steps that keep both foot near each other. The couple who dances the Kuratsa are showered with money by the people around them. Both dancers afterwards wave their arms sideways or a little overhead, arms together or in alteration. Afterwards, the men will perform the
447:
The folk song "Waray-Waray" was composed by Juan Silos, Jr., with lyrics by Levi
Celerio. It centers on Waray women and perpetuates stereotypes about them. Lyrics such as "Waray women will never flee, even in the face of death" and "But Waray women are different, we do not fear anyone" reinforce the
693:
depicts the man as chasing the women in pursue of love. The women are seen to reject the man initially, as to test if the man is serious in his pursuit. Once the man is rejected, it is expected for the man to turn back in grief, while the women will follow the man as if looking if the man is really
443:
The folk song, “Waray Waray” came to international attention in the 1960s when the
American entertainer, Eartha Kitt, performed and recorded her own version of the song. Kitt sings the song in a mix of Tagalog and Visayan with some English interludes. Eartha Kitt's version of "Waray-Waray" differs
434:
Due to the creation of the
Philippine State and the Tagalogization of the Visayas islands. Attempts to “Filipinize” Warays and other Bisayan ethnicities into assimilating into the Philippine State. The Waray language of Waray-Waray is not nationally considered a language in the Philippines but a
621:
that the dance was indeed indigenous Waray in origin, not
Mexican. The dance depicts a courtship dance which exemplifies the movements of the rooster and the hen, which were prized commodities for the indigenous Waray people. Traditionally, the dance is played together with a
478:
main stronghold is held within
Northern Samar, due to the region's history of resistance against colonialism and its strong cultural ties to their former warrior culture in their pre-colonial days as many NPA fighters are predominantly of Waray & Cebuano descent.
664:
It includes mincing, skipping, hopping, and jumping combinations. Despite being brisque and rapid, the men are expected to execute the steps in a graceful manner where they seem to glide in space. For the women, they are expected to perform that languorous and wavy
448:
portrayal of Waray people as strong and combative. The song depicts Waray women as tough, thuggish, and grumpy. Eartha Kitt performed "Waray-Waray" internationally, including in the
Philippines, where it became part of the broader discourse on Filipina identity.
556:
Waray is predominantly spoken on Samar Island with
Cebuano spoken in some areas of the island. Each province in Samar Island has a distinct variant of Waray that can be distinguished by its vocabulary, tone, and accent variations. Each variant has its own name;
322:
estimates that the Waray people's population reached 4.2 million in early 21st century. Although, an updated 2020 Philippine census reveals that Warays only constitute around 4.1 million only, about 100,000 short of the
Encyclopædia Britannica estimate.
837:
Native wines are produced in the area, as in many places in the
Philippines. The most common of these wines are tuba extracted from the coconut palm, "manyang" extracted from palm tree (common in the province of Northern Samar) and
537:
as their second languages. Some people of Waray descent speak Waray as their second or third language, especially among emigrants to Metro Manila, other parts of the Philippines (especially in Mindanao), and elsewhere in the world.
822:, and tobacco are also grown. Cassava and camote (sweet potato) are grown as supplementary staple crops. Pineapple, banana, mangoes, and other fruit are grown year round, as are many vegetables and peanuts. A root crop known as
549:, and means "nothing" in the Waray language. It is unclear how it became the language's name. According to the Sanghiran sang Binisaya (Council for the Visayan Language), the formal name of the language is Lineyte-Samarnon or
706:(lift steps). The man afterwards will kneel and roll around while the woman manifests her prestige with poise as she sways and circles towards her partner. To make it more elaborate, there is also a
805:, formerly Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of Science and Technology and Samar State College of Agriculture and Forestry, offer courses that are needed in technology and business community.
467:, meaning "The Waray would never back down from a fight". Most of the negative connotation of this stereotype however, which depicted Warays as violent and callous, were caused by the notorious
1762:
326:
Most Warays are Catholic, with a minority professing Protestantism, Islam, traditional Waray beliefs, or having no religion. Christianity amounts to 99% of the Warays, 4.69% of which are
609:
is a very popular traditional dance of the Waray-Waray at many social gatherings, especially weddings. It is very common throughout Samar. Initially thought to have originated from the
487:
They are also known as contented people, so much so that, during the Spanish era, they were often called lazy, for being contented to live in simplicity as farmers, and for making
685:
should be light, fluid, and fine in execution. As partners, the pairs should be synchronized with the moves that are designated as dual in nature. The pair dramatize the romantic
801:
located in Catarman, Northern Samar. There are also other colleges in (Western) Samar like St. Mary's College of Catbalogan, formerly Sacred Heart College and Samar College.
1324:
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778:
43:
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The most important crop and major source of income for many is the coconut. Other major agricultural products include rice and corn, while sugarcane,
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or a live string band. The music used for the dance is complex, having a wide variety depending on the wishes of the musicians. In some cases, the
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2413:
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notably depicts the dowry. Afterwards, both partners woo each other through steps that differentiate the man and the woman. The man uses the
262:, Waray-speaking people dwell in most of the island; who are commonly referred to as Ticaonon. Although, Ticaonons identifies more with the
2408:
1481:"Waray People of Samar and Leyte: History, Culture and Arts, Customs and Traditions [Indigenous Tribes | Philippines Ethnic Group]"
424:
154:
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as one of the intangible cultural heritage of the Philippines under the performing arts category that the government may nominate in the
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1509:
2362:
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made of stone were found in the caves along the Basey River as proof of human existence during those times. These tools were used by
2463:
1112:"2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) - Philippines"
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717:, the dancers are tied with kerchief at separate times. The tied partner is only released once the free partner immobilizes the
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Farming and fishing provide much of the livelihood of the Waray-Waray. There is an impressive variety of seafood available.
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757:, people are mandated by tradition to throw money towards the dancing bride and groom. The thrown money is known as
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733:(hip sway steps). The dance traditionally ends with all dancers expected to exhibit finesse in the art form. The
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In the island-province of Biliran, Waray-speaking people live in the eastern part facing Samar island, and
1979:
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384:, the Warays already had complex cultural and socio-political systems, and trading with the Chinese,
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The Warays were among the first indigenous groups from the Philippine archipelago who converted to
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2017:
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239:, and the island of Biliran. In Leyte island, the Waray-speaking people are separated from the
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1974:
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645:(the person who pairs the dancers) calls out the dancers first. The pairs then proceed to the
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and the largest both in terms of land area and curricular offerings in the whole region, the
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2100:
2032:
1969:
1936:
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1415:"The War in Samar · The Philippines and the University of Michigan, 1870-1935 · Philippines"
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400:, were the first people from the Philippine islands that were seen by the Europeans in the
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has more common vocabulary with the Waray language than with other Visayan languages (i.e.
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1340:"14. Eartha Kitt's "Waray Waray": The Filipina in Black Feminist Performance Imaginary"
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from coconut nectar. Warays are also known for their love of music, in particular the
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Many Waray traditions can be traced to pre-colonial times. For example, Waray-Waray
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Waray. Warays who live in these provinces may also be identified with those names.
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The Waray-Waray are often stereotyped as brave warriors, as in the popular phrase,
420:
339:
259:
110:
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step, a rapid vibrating step performance that depicts the agility of the rooster.
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318:. According to the Philippine census of 2010, the Waray population is 3,660,645.
2204:
1989:
1685:
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963:
224:
87:
39:
1136:
2209:
2027:
1997:
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1277:. Los Angeles, CA: Bisayâ Books (published January 1, 2004). pp. 74–75.
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is also widely known in Samar and Leyte. Leyte is a big producer of bananas.
669:
steps. The basic format of the women's steps is based on a sub-step known as
553:. Although, the colloquial term "Waray" eventually became the official term.
423:. Paradoxically, they are also among the last Filipino ethnicities to retain
345:, evidence of the first humans in the Eastern Visayas region can be found at
1782:
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1558:
1441:"The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People's Army on Samar"
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1951:
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The Waray people form the majority of the population in the provinces of
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2196:
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2138:
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1703:
886:
839:
721:, or dropping money on the scarf laid at the center of the ground. The
307:
255:
216:
98:
987:"Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)"
785:. There are numerous state universities serving the region, including
2148:
1848:
1298:
University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305 (April 13, 2006).
614:
413:
385:
102:
1300:"Partitioning the Philippines - Is It Desirable? Is It Realistic? A"
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243:-speaking Leyteños by the island's mountain range at the middle.
235:, the northern part of the island of Leyte where they are called
1167:
Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History
412:, they first came across with this native group at sea close to
1744:
1562:
541:
The term "Waray" refers both to the people and the language of
1223:"Visayan Deities in Philippine Mythology • THE ASWANG PROJECT"
1510:"A Brief On The State of Creative Writing in Eastern Visayas"
681:
bounce with grace, if properly done. The best dancers of the
698:. Once the grief has been proven, the dance proceeds to the
1191:
Denslow, Julie Sloan; Padoch, Christine (January 1, 1988).
227:. Waray people inhabit most of Samar where they are called
729:(showing off steps), while the woman uses the flirtatious
1249:"NPA camp seized by government troops in Northern Samar"
779:
University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College
637:
or social dancing event is never complete without the
44:
University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College
737:
is notably used in the Waray wedding ritual known as
462:
1419:
philippines.michiganintheworld.history.lsa.umich.edu
741:. The bride and the groom are expected to dance the
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also sings while the performers dance to the music.
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Bill filed to stop naming rob gangs after hometowns
753:(the principal sponsors of the marriage). During a
673:, which means 'to put weight on'. The usage of the
435:dialect except in the islands of Samar and Leyte.
266:people of Masbate, being their province-mates. The
161:
143:
119:
72:
51:
1275:A Country of our Own: Partitioning the Philippines
777:Tacloban City in Leyte is home to a campus of the
199:in the Philippines. Their primary language is the
250:; their Waray dialect is commonly referred to as
1346:, New York University Press, pp. 313–330,
203:(also called Lineyte-Samarnon or Binisaya), an
1197:. University of California Press. p. 67.
1756:
1574:
8:
763:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
619:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
521:, a major Visayan language. Many also speak
298:while they form a significant population in
24:
1323:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
392:. In 1521, the Warays of the east coast of
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1057:"Waray | Ethnic Groups of the Philippines"
32:
23:
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981:
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767:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
975:
649:. The first dance move begins with the
1316:
1247:QUIRANTE, MEDORA NB (March 14, 2012).
1037:"The Waray Culture of the Philippines"
408:. According to Magellan's documenter,
1439:Holden, William (November 11, 2013).
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464:Basta ang Waray, hindi uurong sa away
7:
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73:Regions with significant populations
38:Waray students at a Knowledge (XXG)
1352:10.18574/nyu/9781479838516.003.0018
1137:"Waray-Waray | people | Britannica"
1221:Clark, Jordan (February 6, 2016).
1194:People of the Tropical Rain Forest
1170:. New Day Publishers. p. 10.
694:in grief, all while executing the
14:
1338:Burns, Lucy (December 31, 2016),
1117:. Philippine Statistics Authority
989:. Philippine Statistics Authority
799:University of Eastern Philippines
195:, who constitute the 4th largest
1772:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
1445:Journal of Geography and Geology
1087:"Language Prayer Profile: Waray"
803:Northwest Samar State University
791:Eastern Visayas State University
617:, it was later confirmed by the
254:. In Ticao island, belonging to
80:
1061:www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com
188:) are a subgroup of the larger
16:Ethnic group in the Philippines
787:Eastern Samar State University
368:The Waray people descend from
219:, which together comprise the
197:Filipino ethnolinguistic group
1:
439:"Waray Waray" and Eartha Kitt
842:, made from fermented rice.
382:Spaniards came in the region
1383:"Waray's Mistaken Identity"
1273:Martinez, David C. (2004).
689:, a chasing pair step. The
476:New People Army Rebellion's
463:
404:led by Portuguese explorer
338:According to historian and
2480:
510:
372:seafarers who settled the
357:, dating around 8,550 BC.
314:, as well as few parts of
1778:
677:makes the dancers of the
207:native to the islands of
166:
148:
124:
77:
56:
31:
2464:Ethnic groups in Biliran
1590:Bisayan-speaking peoples
605:, the Kuratsa Dance, or
396:, who called themselves
365:until the 13th century.
783:Leyte Normal University
702:(swoop down steps) and
517:The Waray people speak
320:Encyclopædia Britannica
2459:Ethnic groups in Leyte
2454:Ethnic groups in Samar
1508:(September 26, 2018).
1304:aparc.fsi.stanford.edu
795:Samar State University
781:, Leyte Colleges, and
633:In Waray tradition, a
585:) refers to (Western)
502:Culture and traditions
374:Philippine archipelago
221:Eastern Visayas Region
173:Filipino ethnic groups
613:(cockroach dance) of
601:from the Old Spanish
498:, a courtship dance.
370:Austronesian-speaking
205:Austronesian language
190:ethnolinguistic group
162:Related ethnic groups
65:Philippine population
1162:Scott, William Henry
1091:globalrecordings.net
653:(foot steps) or the
427:practices alongside
1458:10.5539/jgg.v5n4p29
1381:De Cadiz, Gerry B.
830:Farming and fishing
483:Contentment Culture
343:William Henry Scott
97:, eastern parts of
28:
1793:Indigenous peoples
1227:THE ASWANG PROJECT
1141:www.britannica.com
947:Romblomanon people
857:Kapampangan people
745:, followed by the
406:Ferdinand Magellan
264:Masbateño-speaking
186:Waray-Waray people
2431:
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2427:
2426:
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2276:Suludnon/Tumandok
2050:
2049:
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1738:
1737:
1361:978-1-4798-3851-6
1204:978-0-520-06351-8
1177:978-971-10-0227-5
927:Hiligaynon people
877:Pangasinan people
469:Waray-Waray gangs
429:Roman Catholicism
410:Antonio Pigafetta
268:Bicolano language
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1035:Alegre, Joycie.
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942:Porohanon people
937:Masbateño people
710:or tying steps.
607:Kuratsa de Mayor
466:
376:starting in the
363:hunter-gatherers
114:
90:
86:
84:
83:
62:
52:Total population
36:
29:
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1535:"Kuratsa dance"
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1002:
992:
990:
985:
984:
977:
972:
907:Capiznon people
902:Boholano people
882:Bicolano people
848:
832:
816:
811:
775:
595:
515:
509:
504:
485:
459:
457:Martial Culture
454:
441:
336:
284:
248:Maripipi Island
115:
95:Eastern Visayas
92:
91:
81:
79:
78:
61:
47:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2451:
2446:
2444:Visayan people
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2416:
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2401:
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2320:
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2301:
2294:
2292:or expatriates
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2156:
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2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
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2098:
2093:
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2044:
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2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
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1934:
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1542:www.ichcap.org
1526:
1506:Alunan, Merlie
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1485:yodisphere.com
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971:
968:
967:
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956:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Karay-a people
929:
924:
919:
917:Cuyunon people
914:
912:Cebuano people
909:
904:
899:
897:Aklanon people
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
862:Ilocano people
859:
854:
852:Tagalog people
847:
844:
831:
828:
815:
812:
810:
807:
774:
771:
594:
591:
571:Northern Samar
513:Waray language
511:Main article:
508:
505:
503:
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484:
481:
458:
455:
453:
450:
440:
437:
340:Filipinologist
335:
332:
304:Southern Leyte
292:Northern Samar
283:
280:
201:Waray language
176:
175:
164:
163:
159:
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149:Predominantly
146:
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2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
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2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
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2147:
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2137:
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2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
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2119:
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2107:
2104:
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2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
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1933:
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1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
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1910:
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1900:
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1877:
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1253:samarnews.com
1250:
1243:
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950:
948:
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935:
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930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Eskaya people
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
892:Bisaya people
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
872:Igorot people
870:
868:
867:Ivatan people
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
843:
841:
835:
829:
827:
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748:
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740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:gapus-gapusay
711:
709:
708:gapus-gapusay
705:
701:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:mabalud-balud
676:
672:
668:
667:mabalud-balud
662:
660:
656:
655:tinikud-tikud
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
577:(also called
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:Eastern Samar
560:
554:
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548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
514:
506:
501:
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465:
456:
451:
449:
445:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
414:Suluan Island
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:. Before the
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Sohoton Caves
344:
341:
333:
331:
329:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Eastern Samar
281:
279:
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269:
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261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
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218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:Bisaya people
191:
187:
183:
174:
170:
165:
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156:
152:
147:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
89:
76:
71:
66:
63:(3.8% of the
59:
55:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
19:
2449:Waray people
1980:Zamboangueño
1941:
1675:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:
1409:
1398:
1388:ResearchGate
1386:
1376:
1365:, retrieved
1343:
1333:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1193:
1186:
1166:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1042:Academia.edu
1040:
991:. Retrieved
836:
833:
817:
776:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
686:
683:mabalu-balud
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
632:
627:
623:
611:la cucaracha
610:
606:
602:
596:
582:
578:
574:
566:
558:
555:
540:
516:
495:
488:
486:
474:The ongoing
473:
460:
446:
442:
433:
421:Christianity
418:
397:
367:
337:
328:Evangelicals
325:
285:
282:Demographics
260:Bicol Region
251:
245:
236:
232:
228:
185:
182:Waray people
181:
179:
111:Metro Manila
57:
25:Waray people
21:Ethnic group
18:
2290:Immigrants
2018:Maguindanao
1874:Romblomanon
1859:Kapampangan
1666:Romblomanon
964:Moro people
731:lubay-lubay
583:Calbayognon
573:Waray, and
452:Stereotypes
359:Flake tools
225:Philippines
88:Philippines
40:edit-a-thon
27:Waray-Waray
2438:Categories
2343:Indonesian
2003:Banguingui
1975:Surigaonon
1927:Hiligaynon
1869:Pangasinan
1671:Surigaonon
1646:Hiligaynon
1547:October 2,
1284:0976061309
970:References
809:Livelihood
593:Traditions
579:Kinalbayog
575:westehanon
569:refers to
567:nortehanon
561:refers to
425:indigenous
402:expedition
258:province,
2358:Malaysian
2312:Brazilian
2238:Agutaynen
2101:Kankanaey
1970:Sangirese
1937:Porohanon
1864:Masbateño
1825:(Ilongot)
1783:Filipinos
1661:Porohanon
1656:Masbateño
1621:Caluyanon
1467:1916-9779
1451:(4): 29.
1367:April 30,
773:Education
651:siki-siki
643:parag-adu
559:estehanon
492:palm wine
398:Ibabaonon
252:Biliranon
233:Samarnons
229:Samareños
151:Christian
120:Languages
58:4,106,539
2363:Nepalese
2348:Japanese
2307:American
2300:Americas
2268:Suludnon
2253:Tagbanua
2243:Palawano
2230:Palaweño
2187:Ratagnon
2134:Higaonon
2129:Bukidnon
2106:Tinguian
2071:Balangao
2055:Highland
1960:Butuanon
1952:Mindanao
1912:Capiznon
1907:Boholano
1823:Bugkalot
1818:Bicolano
1712:Ratagnon
1626:Capiznon
1616:Butuanon
1611:Boholano
1319:cite web
1232:July 13,
1164:(1984).
952:Suludnon
846:See also
659:sarakiki
628:rondalla
624:rondalla
603:Cabecera
551:Binisaya
531:Bicolano
507:Language
386:Borneans
378:Iron Age
316:Mindanao
312:Sorsogon
237:Leyteños
184:(or the
169:Visayans
155:Catholic
144:Religion
107:Sorsogon
2419:Spanish
2414:Russian
2394:English
2373:Iranian
2333:Chinese
2317:Mexican
2220:Mamanwa
2197:Negrito
2179:Mangyan
2164:Teduray
2159:Tasaday
2154:Subanon
2144:Mandaya
2139:Mamanwa
2096:Kalinga
2023:Maranao
1965:Kalagan
1932:Karay-a
1917:Cebuano
1902:Aklanon
1894:Visayas
1884:Tagalog
1844:Ilocano
1834:Gaddang
1829:Cuyunon
1802:Lowland
1722:Negrito
1704:Mangyan
1694:Tau Sūg
1651:Karay-a
1631:Cebuano
1606:Aklanon
1598:Visayan
1519:May 17,
1490:May 16,
1258:July 6,
1146:May 17,
1121:May 19,
1096:May 17,
1066:May 17,
993:July 4,
887:Negrito
840:pangasi
824:palawan
755:bakayaw
743:kuratsa
739:bakayaw
735:kuratsa
727:parayaw
696:palanat
691:palanat
687:palanat
639:kuratsa
635:sarayaw
599:Cha-Cha
565:Waray,
535:Cebuano
533:and/or
527:Tagalog
523:English
496:Kuratsa
334:History
308:Biliran
276:Ilonggo
272:Cebuano
256:Masbate
241:Cebuano
223:of the
217:Biliran
138:English
134:Tagalog
130:Cebuano
99:Masbate
42:in the
2409:Polish
2399:German
2387:Europe
2378:Jewish
2353:Korean
2338:Indian
2258:Molbog
2149:Manobo
2086:Ifugao
2081:Ibaloi
2076:Bontoc
2063:Igorot
2033:Tausug
2013:Iranun
2008:Kaagan
1922:Eskaya
1879:Sambal
1854:Ivatan
1849:Itawes
1839:Ibanag
1641:Eskaya
1636:Cuyans
1514:Scribd
1465:
1424:May 3,
1358:
1309:May 3,
1281:
1201:
1174:
751:ninong
747:ninang
723:sabwag
719:sabwag
615:Mexico
390:Malays
310:, and
294:, and
167:Other
109:, and
103:Caraga
85:
60:(2020)
46:(2016)
2404:Greek
2248:Batak
2215:Batak
2169:Tboli
2124:Blaan
2116:Lumad
2091:Isneg
2038:Yakan
2028:Samal
1998:Bajau
1942:Waray
1810:Luzon
1788:Pinoy
1676:Waray
1538:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
959:Lumad
820:abaca
814:Crops
700:dagit
647:paseo
587:Samar
547:Leyte
543:Samar
519:Waray
394:Samar
355:Samar
351:Basey
300:Leyte
296:Samar
213:Leyte
209:Samar
126:Waray
2368:Arab
2326:Asia
2205:Aeta
1990:Moro
1686:Moro
1549:2019
1521:2023
1492:2023
1463:ISSN
1426:2024
1369:2024
1356:ISBN
1325:link
1311:2024
1279:ISBN
1260:2023
1234:2023
1199:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1148:2023
1123:2020
1098:2023
1068:2023
995:2023
759:gala
749:and
704:wali
675:duon
671:duon
545:and
489:tuba
388:and
215:and
180:The
171:and
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1730:Ati
1453:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
