726:
750:, although it does not appear to affect the child's weight. For these reasons, pregnant women, as well as children who have not reached puberty, the elderly, those who are physically or mentally incapable of fasting, travelers, and breast-feeding mothers are often exempt from religious fasting – Ramadan being one example. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors and a reduction in smoking rate by more than 50% among university students.
7280:
6531:
6561:
6551:
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714:
consistent lifestyle modifications are necessary to achieve lasting weight loss." One review found similarities between
Ramadan and time-restricted feeding, with the main dissimilarity being the disallowance of water drinking with Islamic fasting. In a 2020 review, Ramadan fasting caused a significant decrease in
546:
worldwide, as an alternative to adding bulky fibers to the diet to reduce growth. It is perceived as welfare-reducing and thus illegal in several
European countries including Sweden. Intermittent fasting in poultry appears to increase food consumption but reduce appetitive behaviors such as foraging.
512:
is secreted – during darkness and commonly when sleeping at night – is associated with increased glucose levels in young healthy adults, and obesity and cardiovascular disorders in less healthy individuals. Reviews on obesity prevention concluded that "meal timing appears as a new potential target in
147:
Therapeutic intermittent fasts for the treatment of obesity have been investigated since at least 1915, with a renewed interest in the medical community in the 1960s after Bloom and his colleagues published an "enthusiastic report". Intermittent fasts, or "short-term starvation periods", ranged from
525:
and intermittent feeding, also called bolus feeding were under study. A 2019 meta-analysis found that intermittent feeding may be more beneficial for premature infants, although better designed studies are required to devise clinical practices. In adults, reviews have not found intermittent feeding
822:
considers that intermittent fasting can be advised by doctors to some people, except diabetics, stating that these "diets can be as effective as other energy-restricted diets, and some people may find them easier to stick to" but there are possible side effects during fasting days such as "hunger,
206:
is a type of periodic fasting (that does not follow a particular food pattern) which focuses entirely on calorie content. In other words, two days of the week are devoted to consumption of approximately 500 to 600 calories, or about 25% of regular daily caloric intake, with normal calorie intake
387:
Reviews of preliminary clinical studies found that short-term intermittent fasting may produce minor side effects, such as continuous feelings of hunger, irritability, dizziness, nausea, headaches, and impaired thinking, although these effects disappear within a month from beginning the fasting
4598:
The so-called black fast refers to a day or days of penance on which only one meal is allowed, and that in the evening. The prescription of this type of fast not only forbids the partaking of meats but also of all dairy products, such as eggs, butter, cheese, and milk. Wine and other alcoholic
713:
on the health of
Muslims during Ramadan shows significant weight loss during the fasting period of up to 1.51 kilograms (3.3 lb), but this weight was regained within about two weeks thereafter. The analysis concluded that "Ramadan provides an opportunity to lose weight, but structured and
736:
A review of the metabolic effects of fasting showed that religious fasting proved to be beneficial in terms of "body weight and glycemia, cardiometabolic risk markers, and oxidative stress parameters", where animals, in the study, that followed a diet regimen consistent with that of religious
789:
states that although intermittent fasting showed weight loss success in several studies on obese or overweight individuals, it does not recommend intermittent fasting for non-overweight individuals because of uncertainties about its effectiveness and safety, especially for older adults.
2174:
This story, which was originally written by Pamela Wilson and published by ABC Health and
Wellbeing, has been reviewed by Dr Rosemary Stanton OAM, nutritionist and visiting fellow, School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, and was updated in 2019. Posted 5 Feb 2020, updated 10 Feb
315:
Intermittent fasting has not been studied in children, elderly, or underweight people, and may be harmful in these populations. Intermittent fasting is not recommended for people who are not overweight, and the long-term sustainability of intermittent fasting is unknown as of 2018.
2678:
Roman YM, Dominguez MC, Easow TM, Pasupuleti V, White CM, Hernandez AV (October 2019). "Effects of intermittent versus continuous dieting on weight and body composition in obese and overweight people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
193:
Modified alternate-day fasting involves partial intermittent energy restriction which allows the consumption of up to 25% of daily calorie needs on fasting days instead of complete fasting. This is akin to alternating days with normal eating and days with a
3900:
Levitsky DA, Sewall A, Zhong Y, Barre L, Shoen S, Agaronnik N, et al. (February 2019). "Quantifying the imprecision of energy intake of humans to compensate for imposed energetic errors: A challenge to the physiological control of human food intake".
782:, and so does not recommend any specific dietary pattern for the management of diabetes until more research is done, recommending instead that "health care providers should focus on the key factors that are common among the patterns".
157:
247:
The science concerning intermittent fasting is preliminary and uncertain due to an absence of studies on its long-term effects. Preliminary evidence indicates that intermittent fasting may be effective for weight loss, may decrease
284:
The reductions in body weight can be attributed to the loss of fat mass and some lean mass. For time restricted eating the ratio of weight loss is 4:1 for fat mass to lean mass, respectively. Alternate-day fasting does not affect
5041:
Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, et al. (December 2021). "2021 Dietary
Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association".
104:
states that there is insufficient evidence to recommend intermittent fasting, and encourages speaking to one's healthcare provider about the benefits and risks before making any significant changes to one's eating pattern.
4866:
3388:
Vieira AF, Costa RR, Macedo RC, Coconcelli L, Kruel LF (October 2016). "Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
5160:
741:
in diabetics, as well as inadequate levels of certain nutrients. Ramadan disallows fluids during the fasting period. This type of fasting would be hazardous for pregnant women, as it is associated with risks of
709:, Islamic practices are similar to intermittent fasting by not eating or drinking from dawn until sunset, while permitting food intake in the morning before dawn and in the evening after dusk for 30 days. A
737:
fasting, were observed to have weight loss in addition to "lowered plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerols, and insulin growth factor-1". Negative effects of
Ramadan fasting include increased risk of
171:
involves eating only during a certain number of hours each day, often establishing a consistent daily pattern of caloric intake within an 8–12-hour time window. This schedule may align food intake with
1202:
Sainsbury A, Wood RE, Seimon RV, Hills AP, King NA, Gibson AA, et al. (December 2018). "Rationale for novel intermittent dieting strategies to attenuate adaptive responses to energy restriction".
513:
weight control strategies" and suggest that "timing and content of food intake, physical activity, and sleep may be modulated to counteract" circadian and metabolic genetic predispositions to obesity.
2979:
4042:
Beccuti G, Monagheddu C, Evangelista A, Ciccone G, Broglio F, Soldati L, et al. (November 2017). "Timing of food intake: Sounding the alarm about metabolic impairments? A systematic review".
148:
1 to 14 days in these early studies. This enthusiasm penetrated lay magazines, which prompted researchers and clinicians to caution about the use of intermittent fasts without medical monitoring.
5453:
5100:
160:
Intermittent fasting calendar for 1 week, alternating feasting days (green), in which the person eats a normal diet, with fasting days (red), in which the person performs intermittent fasting
2871:
Harris L, McGarty A, Hutchison L, Ells L, Hankey C (January 2018). "Short-term intermittent energy restriction interventions for weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
187:
involves alternating between a 24-hour "fast day" when the person eats less than 25% of usual energy needs, followed by a 24-hour non-fasting "feast day" period. There are two subtypes:
3626:
Drăgoi CM (10 July 2019). "Insights into
Chrononutrition: The Innermost Interplay Amongst Nutrition, Metabolism and the Circadian Clock, in the Context of Epigenetic Reprogramming".
3194:
Brain K, Burrows TL, Rollo ME, Chai LK, Clarke ED, Hayes C, et al. (April 2019). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions for chronic noncancer pain".
5356:
4984:"Changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviors and mental stress among medical students upon Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting: a prospective cohort study from Taif/Saudi Arabia"
5322:
4830:
5152:
2311:
5479:
1722:
6052:
3816:
Zubrzycki A, Cierpka-Kmiec K, Kmiec Z, Wronska A (October 2018). "The role of low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting in the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes".
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is observed either as an independent private ritual at a date of one's choice, as part of a particular ceremony such as wedding, or as a part of a major festival such as
3432:
Aird TP, Davies RW, Carson BP (May 2018). "Effects of fasted vs fed-state exercise on performance and post-exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
2128:
2333:
Davis CS, Clarke RE, Coulter SN, Rounsefell KN, Walker RE, Rauch CE, et al. (March 2016). "Intermittent energy restriction and weight loss: a systematic review".
1150:"Intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
190:
Complete alternate-day fasting is total intermittent energy restriction (IER vs. CER = continuous energy restriction), where no calories are consumed on fasting days.
3277:
602:
2730:
Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Itsiopoulos C (June 2019). "Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials".
798:
Given the lack of advantage and the increased incidence of diarrhea, European guidelines do not recommend intermittent feeding for people in intensive care units.
1408:
6567:
5191:
1046:"Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial"
2005:"The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomised trial in young overweight women"
1322:
Varady KA, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Gabel K (February 2022). "Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: progress and future directions".
229:
4557:
2971:
5416:
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There is insufficient evidence to support any existing popular or fad diets such as the ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting to promote heart health.
1572:
3302:
Michalsen A (April 2010). "Prolonged fasting as a method of mood enhancement in chronic pain syndromes: a review of clinical evidence and mechanisms".
2379:
Freire R (January 2020). "Scientific evidence of diets for weight loss: Different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting, and popular diets".
1443:
Persynaki A, Karras S, Pichard C (March 2017). "Unraveling the metabolic health benefits of fasting related to religious beliefs: A narrative review".
725:
5445:
3037:
5092:
4142:
Marik PE, Hooper MH (March 2016). "Normocaloric versus hypocaloric feeding on the outcomes of ICU patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
4241:"Continuous feeding versus intermittent bolus feeding for premature infants with low birth weight: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
6481:
416:
or biomarker improvement. A 2019 review found that drop-out rates varied widely from 2% to 38% for intermittent fasting, and from 0% to 50% for
880:
613:. Religious fasting practices may only require abstinence from certain foods or last for a short period of time and cause negligible effects.
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4664:
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Buddhist monks, who fast daily from noon to sunrise of the next day. This daily fasting pattern may be undertaken by laypeople following the
485:
A 2019 review of weight-change interventions, including alternate day fasting, time-restricted feeding, exercise and overeating, found that
5221:
2154:
7320:
6600:
5348:
3007:
2162:
5314:
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895:, and full meal packages. These companies were criticized for offering expensive products or services that were not backed by science.
1102:
Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM (October 2015). "Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans".
2631:"Alternate-day versus daily energy restriction diets: which is more effective for weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis"
1290:
4684:
767:(AHA) says that as with other "popular or fad diets", there is no good evidence of heart health benefits from intermittent fasting.
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7000:
5475:
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beverages are forbidden as well. In short, only bread, water, and vegetables form part of the diet for one following such a fast.
2009:
1714:
819:
96:
Adverse effects of intermittent fasting have not been comprehensively studied, leading some academics to point out its risk as a
526:
to increase glucose variability or gastrointestinal intolerance. A meta-analysis found intermittent feeding had no influence on
5554:
5122:
2083:
661:
throughout the year, which commonly includes abstinence from meat. Throughout the liturgical season of Lent (and especially on
1541:
2916:"Intermittent fasting and obesity-related health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials"
2124:
1252:"Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
319:
A 2021 review found that moderate alternate-day fasting for two to six months was associated with reductions of body weight,
4631:
344:
in France, the United
Kingdom, or the United States, although a few small-scale clinical studies suggest that it may reduce
7127:
5926:
3599:
3572:"Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients: from the least common denominator to the greatest common multiple"
771:
3238:
6705:
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5504:
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Nearly all IF studies have resulted in some degree of weight loss, ranging from 2.5–9.9%, and associated fat mass loss.
1404:
6491:
6471:
5603:
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2102:
786:
101:
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Allaf M, Elghazaly H, Mohamed OG, Fareen MF, Zaman S, Salmasi AM, et al. (Cochrane Heart Group) (January 2021).
2629:
Alhamdan BA, Garcia-Alvarez A, Alzahrnai AH, Karanxha J, Stretchberry DR, Contrera KJ, et al. (September 2016).
2972:"Réseau NACRe - Réseau National Alimentation Cancer Recherche - Rapport NACRe jeûne regimes restrictifs cancer 2017"
7032:
6501:
5986:
5956:
764:
4348:
Van Dyck L, Casaer MP (August 2019). "Intermittent or continuous feeding: any difference during the first week?".
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Tolerance of a diet is a determinant of the potential effectiveness and maintenance of benefits obtained, such as
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6881:
6476:
5405:
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301:
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Intermittent fasting has been studied to find whether it can reduce the risk of diet-related diseases, such as
4523:
Intermittent
Fasting Basics: Your Guide to the Essentials of Intermittent Fasting—and How It Can Work for You!
4500:
4890:"The effect of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1564:
364:
Athletic performance does not benefit from intermittent fasting. Overnight fasting before exercise increases
7097:
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6926:
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6516:
5847:
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856:
715:
501:
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3769:"Lifestyle factors and high-risk atherosclerosis: Pathways and mechanisms beyond traditional risk factors"
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50:(or reduced calorie intake) and non-fasting over a given period. Methods of intermittent fasting include
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7228:
6802:
6394:
6002:
5946:
5878:
5707:
4982:
Alotaibi MI, Elsamad G, Aljardahi AN, Alghamdi AN, Alotaibi AI, Alorabi HM, et al. (31 July 2023).
4394:
Intermittent fasting in chickens: Physiological mechanisms and welfare implications for broiler breeders
3483:
de Cabo R, Mattson MP (December 2019). "Effects of
Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease".
943:
de Cabo R, Mattson MP (December 2019). "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease".
810:, people considering the 5:2 diet should first consult a physician, as fasting can sometimes be unsafe.
543:
195:
7294:
1750:
312:. As of 2021, it remains uncertain whether intermittent fasting could prevent cardiovascular disease.
281:. Most studies on intermittent fasting in humans have observed weight loss, ranging from 2.5% to 9.9%.
4939:
Mirghani HM, Hamud OA (January 2006). "The effect of maternal diet restriction on pregnancy outcome".
3754:
Handbook of Physiology: a Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts
995:
Patterson RE, Laughlin GA, LaCroix AZ, Hartman SJ, Natarajan L, Senger CM, et al. (August 2015).
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One meal a day fasting is having just one meal a day, and not having anything for the rest of the day.
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7072:
7052:
6424:
6399:
5738:
5674:
3345:
Levy E, Chu T (July 2019). "Intermittent Fasting and Its Effects on Athletic Performance: A Review".
747:
527:
208:
37:
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6787:
6730:
6550:
6429:
5896:
5547:
5523:
1956:
Johnstone A (May 2015). "Fasting for weight loss: an effective strategy or latest dieting trend?".
1370:
Hart K (2018). "Chapter 4.6 Fad diets and fasting for weight loss in obesity.". In Hankey C (ed.).
610:
556:
522:
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could not precisely correct "energetic errors" – the loss or gain of calories – in the short-term.
417:
6560:
4888:
Glazier JD, Hayes DJ, Hussain S, D'Souza SW, Whitcombe J, Heazell AE, et al. (October 2018).
1148:
Cioffi I, Evangelista A, Ponzo V, Ciccone G, Soldati L, Santarpia L, et al. (December 2018).
1044:
Trepanowski JF, Kroeger CM, Barnosky A, Klempel MC, Bhutani S, Hoddy KK, et al. (July 2017).
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Intermittent fasting, or "skip-a-day" feeding, is supposedly the most common feeding strategy for
530:, pneumonia, mortality nor morbidity in people with a trauma, but increased the risk of diarrhea.
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1981:
1938:
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462:, when the liver glucose reserves are depleted, occurring after 12 to 36 hours of continued fast;
309:
293:
249:
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during the other five days of the week. It was first documented in a 2011 article co-authored by
78:
70:
4190:
Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, Alhazzani W, Calder PC, Casaer MP, et al. (February 2019).
3767:
Lechner K, von Schacky C, McKenzie AL, Worm N, Nixdorff U, Lechner B, et al. (March 2020).
891:
As of 2019, interest in intermittent fasting led some companies to commercialize diet coaching,
5213:
2422:
Ekmekcioglu C (21 October 2019). "Nutrition and longevity - From mechanisms to uncertainties".
2059:
The Intermittent Fasting Revolution: The Science of Optimizing Health and Enhancing Performance
1250:
Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, Olajide J, De Brún C, Waller G, et al. (February 2018).
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Patikorn C, Roubal K, Veettil SK, Chandran V, Pham T, Lee YY, et al. (17 December 2021).
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3096:"Translating Mechanism-Based Strategies to Break the Obesity-Cancer Link: A Narrative Review"
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173:
4714:"Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health: From Religious Fast to Time-Restricted Feeding"
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Because it gives me peace of mind : ritual fasts in the religious lives of Hindu women
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including Catholics, Lutherans, Methodists, Anglicans, and the Orthodox, often observe the
140:
Fasting is an ancient tradition, having been practiced by many cultures and religions over
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3726:
3666:"Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting"
3664:
Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, Marosi K, Lee SA, Mainous AG, et al. (February 2018).
2519:"Time-Restricted Eating, Intermittent Fasting, and Fasting-Mimicking Diets in Weight Loss"
1251:
779:
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743:
459:
401:
381:
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Preliminary research indicates that fasting may induce a transition through four states:
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4798:
4773:
3067:
American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies
2242:
Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, Garvey WT, Lau KH, MacLeod J, et al. (May 2019).
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There is preliminary evidence that intermittent fasting appears safe for people without
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4841:(4). World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean: 239–245.
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3239:"Fasting in mood disorders: neurobiology and effectiveness. A review of the literature"
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673:, many Christians practice a form of intermittent fasting in which one can consume two
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286:
253:
220:
5349:"The Silicon Valley execs who don't eat for days: 'It's not dieting, it's biohacking'"
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Some different types of fastings exist in some religious practices. These include the
492:
Another pathway for effects of meal timing on metabolism lies in the influence of the
400:, growing children and adolescents, the elderly, or individuals with or vulnerable to
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4968:
4772:
Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (February 2014).
4377:
4282:
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2915:
2558:
2451:
2408:
1790:
1351:
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904:
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260:
health, although the long term sustainability of these effects has not been studied.
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5513:
5256:
4815:
3469:
3257:
2790:
2000:
1942:
1913:
Patterson RE, Sears DD (August 2017). "Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting".
1533:
824:
774:"found limited evidence about the safety and/or effects of intermittent fasting on
738:
566:
349:
345:
234:
212:
113:
90:
86:
82:
2435:
5055:
4654:
4615:
4446:
4419:
4392:
4361:
4313:
3749:
3358:
2743:
1483:"Fasting practices in Tamil Nadu and their importance for patients with diabetes"
1407:. National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health. 14 August 2018.
1270:
7178:
7168:
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6891:
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807:
719:
666:
658:
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478:
466:
413:
324:
274:
5000:
4208:
4191:
4055:
3639:
3571:
3528:"Health effects of intermittent fasting: hormesis or harm? A systematic review"
3111:
2839:
2589:
2534:
2244:"Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report"
1870:
1335:
1012:
823:
low energy levels, light-headedness and poor mental functioning" and note that
7213:
7122:
7057:
6836:
6755:
6419:
6409:
6299:
6275:
6234:
6204:
6189:
6154:
6136:
6042:
5976:
5478:. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School. 31 July 2019.
4906:
4789:
4256:
4155:
3961:
3402:
3315:
3161:
2692:
2482:
2392:
2207:
1456:
1166:
678:
630:
590:
562:
305:
257:
176:(establishing eating windows that begin after sunrise and end around sunset).
33:
5009:
4831:"Comparison of time-restricted feeding and Islamic fasting: a scoping review"
4737:
4448:
Religion and Rajput Women: The Ethic of Protection in Contemporary Narratives
4010:
3784:
2939:
2597:
2542:
1878:
1774:
1499:
93:. There is preliminary evidence that intermittent fasting is generally safe.
6990:
6941:
6782:
6720:
6511:
6404:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6262:
6229:
6184:
6174:
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6090:
6085:
6027:
6017:
5981:
5618:
5598:
5282:
3544:
3527:
1115:
690:
509:
481:
to provide energy. Some authors call this transition the "metabolic switch".
470:
393:
392:
found no major adverse effects. Intermittent fasting is not recommended for
365:
297:
216:
17:
5379:
5264:
5063:
5027:
4960:
4925:
4854:
4807:
4755:
4369:
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4128:
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3922:
3886:
3837:
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3802:
3734:
3699:
3595:
3553:
3504:
3461:
3410:
3366:
3323:
3265:
3215:
3180:
3145:"When less may be more: calorie restriction and response to cancer therapy"
3129:
2957:
2892:
2857:
2808:
2751:
2708:
2664:
2615:
2550:
2500:
2443:
2400:
2354:
2277:
2225:
2098:
2040:
1977:
1934:
1896:
1839:
1782:
1697:
1662:
1518:
1464:
1343:
1278:
1223:
1185:
1123:
1079:
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964:
4952:
3496:
2346:
956:
7264:
7027:
6668:
6609:
6439:
6374:
6369:
6267:
6239:
6164:
6149:
6062:
5773:
5653:
4846:
3868:
3094:
Smith LA, O'Flanagan CH, Bowers LW, Allott EH, Hursting SD (April 2018).
2022:
1969:
1806:"Time-Restricted Eating to Prevent and Manage Chronic Metabolic Diseases"
836:
670:
638:
634:
578:
448:
377:
117:
109:
97:
4774:"Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
4656:
Buddha's Diet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight Without Losing Your Mind
4063:
2700:
1855:"Perspective: Time-Restricted Eating—Integrating the What with the When"
681:, in which no food or water is consumed until after sunset with prayer.
32:
This article is about intentional fasting. For involuntary fasting, see
7107:
7019:
6856:
6792:
6506:
6466:
6356:
6254:
6214:
6194:
6179:
6144:
5748:
5638:
5623:
5593:
5588:
4713:
2572:
Gabel K, Cienfuegos S, Kalam F, Ezpeleta M, Varady KA (26 March 2021).
2259:
706:
689:
In Buddhism, fasting is undertaken as part of the monastic training of
594:
582:
539:
441:
437:
156:
141:
129:
125:
74:
47:
5315:"The UK's Hot New 5:2 Diet Craze Hits The U.S. - Weight Loss Miracle?"
4729:
4478:. Internet Archive. Albany : State University of New York Press.
3995:"When to Eat: The Importance of Eating Patterns in Health and Disease"
3681:
3453:
3445:
3207:
2884:
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Kannan S, Mahadevan S, Seshadri K, Sadacharan D, Velayutham K (2016).
1215:
460:
other reserves, such as fat, lactic acid, and alanine, as fuel sources
6965:
6414:
6379:
6315:
6307:
6244:
6224:
6199:
5608:
3851:
Mattson MP, Moehl K, Ghena N, Schmaedick M, Cheng A (February 2018).
879:. It was the most popular diet in 2018, according to a survey by the
642:
626:
505:
341:
215:, and 14 additional scientists. It was later published in the UK and
46:
is any of various meal timing schedules that cycle between voluntary
3853:"Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health"
2646:
1633:
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
847:
Intermittent fasting (specifically the 5:2 diet) was popularized by
368:, but reduces performance in prolonged exercise (more than 60 min).
243:
involves intermittent periods of water fasting longer than 24 hours.
2775:"Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease"
4421:
Homo Ritualis: Hindu Ritual and Its Significance for Ritual Theory
4192:"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit"
4095:"Keeping Up With the Clock: Circadian Disruption and Obesity Risk"
724:
586:
574:
155:
121:
73:. A 2019 review concluded that intermittent fasting may help with
6444:
5801:
5753:
5613:
2192:"Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes"
1749:
Varady KA, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Gabel K (11 October 2021).
852:
606:
570:
6582:
5536:
3946:"Effects of circadian disruption on the cardiometabolic system"
2297:
Clinical guidelines for weight management in New Zealand adults
2155:"What the science says about the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet"
1676:
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3143:
O'Flanagan CH, Smith LA, McDonell SB, Hursting SD (May 2017).
2084:"Michael Mosley: 'No male in my family has made it beyond 72'"
224:
36:. For fasting before a clinical or surgical intervention, see
5184:"Intermittent Fasting: Exposing The Dangers Of This Fad Diet"
5123:"News analysis: Does the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet work?"
4501:"Sashti Viratham 2022 Procedure, Benefits of Sashti Viratham"
2517:
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In the United States, intermittent fasting became a trend in
273:
There is limited evidence that intermittent fasting produces
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3237:
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4712:
Hoddy KK, Marlatt KL, Çetinkaya H, Ravussin E (July 2020).
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The postabsorptive state, lasting for up to 18 hours, when
3713:
Cahill GF (August 2006). "Fuel metabolism in starvation".
444:
and body fat storage is active, lasting for about 4 hours;
348:
side effects. Periodic fasting may have a minor effect on
2824:"Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications"
2574:"Time-Restricted Eating to Improve Cardiovascular Health"
1405:"Calorie restriction and fasting diets: What do we know?"
839:, attracting celebrity endorsements and public interest.
108:
Fasting exists in various religious practices, including
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5129:. UK National Health Service - NHS Choices. May 2013.
5476:"Not so fast: Pros and cons of the newest diet trend"
5093:"Fasting facts: is the 5:2 diet too good to be true?"
2467:"Intermittent Fasting: Is the Wait Worth the Weight?"
1598:(Monograph). Springer Netherlands. pp. 123–153.
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There are multiple methods of intermittent fasting.
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6355:
6253:
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6126:
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5995:
5887:
5866:
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5243:Trueland J (December 2013). "Fast and effective?".
4298:"Continuous or intermittent feeding: pros and cons"
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458:The fasted state, transitioning progressively to
340:Intermittent fasting is not recommended to treat
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4093:Covassin N, Singh P, Somers VK (November 2016).
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1487:Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
835:As of 2019, intermittent fasting was a common
289:, although one review found a small decrease.
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5548:
5439:
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1093:
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778:" and preliminary results of weight loss for
508:. Preliminary studies found that eating when
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5446:"Silicon Valley wants to cash in on fasting"
4582:Stravinskas PM, Shaw RB (1 September 1998).
4185:
4183:
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3950:Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
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2779:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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4584:Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia
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930:
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924:
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920:
851:in the UK and Australia in 2012 after the
233:(where he learned about the 5:2 diet from
5380:"Why is intermittent fasting so popular?"
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1596:Obesity: Its Pathogenesis and Management
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729:Iftar serving for fasting people in the
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637:(Durga or Rama), Kandasashti (Muruga),
528:gastric residual volumes and aspiration
453:liver glucose reserves as a fuel source
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5159:(National guidelines). February 2018.
4445:Harlan L, Harlan Po (1 January 1992).
4245:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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2335:European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
881:International Food Information Council
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5325:from the original on 13 February 2014
5295:from the original on 28 February 2014
5224:from the original on 22 February 2014
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4634:from the original on 22 December 2019
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3727:10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258
2125:"Horizon - Eat, Fast and Live Longer"
2105:from the original on 16 February 2019
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5133:from the original on 9 November 2016
5103:from the original on 19 January 2018
4869:from the original on 16 October 2019
4835:Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
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3602:from the original on 8 November 2019
3040:from the original on 17 October 2019
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1725:from the original on 11 October 2019
1575:from the original on 16 January 2019
1565:"Why fasting is now back in fashion"
1544:from the original on 5 November 2019
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1315:
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1296:from the original on 30 October 2019
827:must be chosen on non-fasting days.
6482:Fruits & Veggies – More Matters
5529:, Science-Based Medicine, June 2023
5482:from the original on 24 August 2019
5422:from the original on 3 January 2020
3485:The New England Journal of Medicine
3030:"No proof 5:2 diet prevents cancer"
3010:from the original on 6 October 2019
2250:(Professional society guidelines).
2163:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2131:from the original on 5 January 2019
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1411:from the original on 5 October 2019
945:The New England Journal of Medicine
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4563:from the original on 17 March 2018
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4941:American Journal of Perinatology
4350:Current Opinion in Critical Care
4302:Current Opinion in Critical Care
3391:The British Journal of Nutrition
2681:International Journal of Obesity
2010:International Journal of Obesity
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718:levels, and a slight decline in
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629:(Lakshmi, festival of lights),
521:Other feeding schemes, such as
327:in overweight or obese adults.
292:Alternate-day fasting improves
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4554:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
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569:(commonly practiced during
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336:Cancer and other diseases
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6882:Slimming for the Million
5848:Bodybuilding supplements
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3071:American Cancer Society
2523:Current Obesity Reports
2471:Current Obesity Reports
2196:Ageing Research Reviews
1999:Harvie M, Pegington M,
655:Christian denominations
487:body weight homeostasis
473:of fat (in the form of
279:calorie restricted diet
7133:The Fast Way To Health
7078:Fasting mimicking diet
6487:Healthy eating pyramid
6033:Time Restricted Eating
5917:Fluid restriction diet
5518:Science-Based Medicine
5153:"Popular diets review"
4586:. Our Sunday Visitor.
3830:10.26402/jpp.2018.5.02
1050:JAMA Internal Medicine
733:
323:, and cardiometabolic
169:Time-restricted eating
161:
64:time-restricted eating
7255:List of food faddists
7229:Very-low-calorie diet
5987:Specific carbohydrate
5879:Very-low-calorie diet
5157:Ministry of Health NZ
4953:10.1055/s-2005-923435
3497:10.1056/NEJMra1905136
2734:(Systematic review).
2347:10.1038/ejcn.2015.195
1859:Advances in Nutrition
1534:"Fasting - A History"
1156:(Systematic review).
1116:10.1093/nutrit/nuv041
957:10.1056/NEJMra1905136
728:
544:broiler breeder farms
196:very-low-calorie diet
185:Alternate-day fasting
159:
52:alternate-day fasting
7138:The Last Chance Diet
7093:Intermittent fasting
7073:Enzyme-Catalyst Diet
7053:Chase Dietary Method
6951:High-carbohydrate /
6827:Calories Don't Count
5932:Intermittent fasting
5511:Intermittent fasting
5281:(5 September 2012).
4847:10.26719/emhj.19.011
4547:"Fasting Guidelines"
3869:10.1038/nrn.2017.156
3717:(Narrative Review).
3102:(Narrative review).
2023:10.1038/ijo.2010.171
1970:10.1038/ijo.2014.214
1719:The Nutrition Source
748:gestational diabetes
517:Intermittent feeding
477:), metabolized into
44:Intermittent fasting
38:Preoperative fasting
6932:Wahls Protocol Diet
6832:Drinking Man's Diet
6788:Uric-acid free diet
6731:Morning banana diet
6617:Food-specific diets
5897:Calorie restriction
4472:Pearson AM (1996).
4418:Michaels A (2016).
4391:Lindholm C (2019).
3246:Psychiatry Research
893:dietary supplements
887:Commercial activity
557:Fasting in religion
523:hypocaloric feeding
424:Possible mechanisms
398:breastfeeding women
7224:The Cambridge Diet
7189:Hip and Thigh Diet
6664:Beverly Hills Diet
5812:Semi-vegetarianism
4196:Clinical Nutrition
3748:Renold AE (1965).
3036:. 3 October 2018.
2260:10.2337/dci19-0014
2057:Mattson M (2022).
1324:Nat Rev Endocrinol
1210:(Suppl 1): 47–60.
746:labor and causing
734:
671:Christian calendar
502:glucose metabolism
310:metabolic syndrome
304:in people who are
250:insulin resistance
162:
79:insulin resistance
71:metabolic syndrome
7303:
7302:
7250:List of fad diets
7219:Tongue Patch Diet
7194:Immune Power Diet
7118:No Breakfast Plan
7048:Celery juice diet
6842:Eat and Grow Thin
6701:High-protein diet
6654:Egg and wine diet
6634:Cabbage soup diet
6576:
6575:
6453:
6452:
6122:
6121:
5695:Sustainable diets
5050:(23): e472–e487.
4988:BMC Public Health
4730:10.1002/oby.22829
4666:978-0-7624-6046-5
4627:978-1-136-78716-4
4593:978-0-87973-669-9
4532:978-1-5072-1056-7
4521:Boyers L (2019).
4485:978-0-585-06811-4
4458:978-0-520-07339-5
4431:978-0-19-026263-1
4404:978-91-7685-018-3
4352:(Meta-analysis).
4247:(Meta-analysis).
4050:(Pt B): 132–141.
3682:10.1002/oby.22065
3491:(26): 2541–2551.
3446:10.1111/sms.13054
3436:(Meta-analysis).
3393:(Meta-analysis).
3208:10.1111/jhn.12601
3080:978-0-944235-71-3
2920:JAMA Network Open
2885:10.1111/obr.12593
2687:(10): 2017–2027.
2430:(18): 3063–3082.
2307:978-1-988539-16-4
2068:978-0-262-54598-3
1678:Nutrition Reviews
1613:978-94-011-7155-7
1381:978-0-470-67076-7
1216:10.1111/obr.12787
1104:Nutrition Reviews
951:(26): 2541–2551.
720:total cholesterol
641:(Krishna, Vishnu
551:Religious fasting
432:The fed state or
390:systematic review
388:practice. A 2018
223:through the 2012
174:circadian rhythms
16:(Redirected from
7338:
7293:
7292:
7282:
7281:
7174:Cotton ball diet
7088:Hippocrates Diet
7068:Eliminating Diet
6981:Nutritarian diet
6937:Wheat Belly diet
6912:Strong Medicine
6887:South Beach Diet
6847:Hal Huggins diet
6822:Bulletproof diet
6805:/ high-fat diets
6803:Low-carbohydrate
6751:Paleolithic diet
6726:Monotrophic diet
6716:Macrobiotic diet
6711:Lectin-free diet
6686:Gluten-free diet
6603:
6596:
6589:
6580:
6563:
6553:
6543:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6133:
5967:Monotrophic diet
5947:Low-carbohydrate
5912:Elimination diet
5858:Therapeutic food
5853:Meal replacement
5840:Supplement diets
5708:Planetary health
5644:
5580:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5534:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5441:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5410:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5245:Nursing Standard
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5088:
5079:
5078:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5021:
5003:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4801:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4680:
4671:
4670:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4551:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4345:
4334:
4333:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4268:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4211:
4187:
4176:
4175:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4122:
4105:(5): 1081–1090.
4090:
4084:
4083:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4022:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3796:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3693:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3623:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3440:(5): 1476–1493.
3429:
3423:
3422:
3397:(7): 1153–1164.
3385:
3379:
3378:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3069:(2nd ed.).
3064:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2926:(12): e2139558.
2911:
2905:
2904:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2034:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1746:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1440:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1256:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1145:
1128:
1127:
1099:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1024:
992:
977:
976:
940:
843:UK and Australia
731:Imam Reza shrine
611:Buddhist fasting
500:, especially on
498:endocrine system
494:circadian rhythm
475:free fatty acids
434:absorptive state
402:eating disorders
382:eating disorders
308:, obese or have
277:comparable to a
56:periodic fasting
21:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7335:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7269:
7238:
7184:Hallelujah Diet
7164:Blood type diet
7152:
7143:Wheatgrass diet
7010:
7006:The Thrive Diet
6946:
6922:The 4-Hour Body
6797:
6696:Grapefruit diet
6612:
6607:
6577:
6572:
6521:
6459:
6449:
6351:
6327:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6249:
6118:
6100:
6057:
5991:
5889:
5883:
5867:Non-solid diets
5862:
5834:
5806:
5792:Milk substitute
5771:
5763:
5717:Religious diets
5712:
5689:
5663:
5633:
5578:
5570:
5564:Human nutrition
5561:
5520:, December 2015
5501:
5496:
5495:
5485:
5483:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5443:
5442:
5435:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:foodinsight.org
5408:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5346:
5345:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5321:. 17 May 2013.
5313:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5251:(16–18): 26–7.
5242:
5241:
5237:
5227:
5225:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5040:
5039:
5035:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4771:
4770:
4763:
4724:(S1): S29–S37.
4711:
4710:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4628:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4594:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4347:
4346:
4337:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4189:
4188:
4179:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4041:
4040:
4036:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3625:
3624:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3578:(Mini-review).
3569:
3568:
3561:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3151:(Mini-review).
3142:
3141:
3137:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2873:Obesity Reviews
2870:
2869:
2865:
2828:Cell Metabolism
2821:
2820:
2816:
2785:(3): CD013496.
2772:
2771:
2767:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2647:10.1002/osp4.52
2628:
2627:
2623:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2048:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1680:(Mini-review).
1675:
1674:
1670:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1389:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1204:Obesity Reviews
1201:
1200:
1193:
1147:
1146:
1131:
1101:
1100:
1087:
1043:
1042:
1038:
994:
993:
980:
942:
941:
918:
913:
901:
889:
873:
845:
833:
816:
804:
796:
780:type 2 diabetes
776:type 1 diabetes
761:
756:
716:LDL cholesterol
703:
687:
651:
619:
559:
553:
536:
534:Food production
519:
467:lipid synthesis
426:
410:
374:
362:
338:
333:
321:body mass index
300:similarly to a
271:
266:
209:Michelle Harvie
154:
138:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7344:
7342:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7308:
7307:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7287:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7113:Master Cleanse
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7083:Fat Flush Plan
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7038:Breatharianism
7035:
7030:
7024:
7022:
7016:Detoxification
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6971:McDougall diet
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6917:Sugar Busters!
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6877:Scarsdale diet
6874:
6872:Salisbury diet
6869:
6867:Montignac diet
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6808:
6806:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6736:Mucusless Diet
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6659:Food combining
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6639:Carnivore diet
6636:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6583:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6557:
6547:
6537:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6497:French paradox
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6463:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6220:Selenocysteine
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6081:Master Cleanse
6078:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5668:Regional diets
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5527:Steven Novella
5521:
5508:
5500:
5499:External links
5497:
5494:
5493:
5467:
5450:Bloomberg News
5433:
5397:
5370:
5336:
5306:
5270:
5235:
5205:
5174:
5144:
5114:
5080:
5033:
4974:
4931:
4880:
4821:
4784:(2): 396–406.
4761:
4701:
4672:
4665:
4645:
4626:
4603:
4592:
4574:
4538:
4531:
4513:
4491:
4484:
4464:
4457:
4437:
4430:
4410:
4403:
4383:
4356:(4): 356–362.
4335:
4308:(4): 256–261.
4288:
4251:(5): 775–783.
4231:
4177:
4150:(3): 316–323.
4134:
4085:
4034:
4005:(6): 579–581.
3985:
3936:
3892:
3843:
3808:
3779:(4): 394–406.
3759:
3740:
3705:
3676:(2): 254–268.
3653:
3634:(4): 557–571.
3613:
3559:
3518:
3475:
3424:
3380:
3353:(7): 266–269.
3337:
3294:
3229:
3202:(2): 198–225.
3186:
3135:
3106:(4): 652–667.
3086:
3079:
3051:
3021:
2993:
2963:
2906:
2863:
2814:
2765:
2738:(6): 531–543.
2722:
2670:
2641:(3): 293–302.
2621:
2564:
2509:
2477:(2): 172–185.
2457:
2414:
2368:
2325:
2306:
2283:
2254:(5): 731–754.
2231:
2179:
2142:
2116:
2101:. BBC Health.
2089:
2074:
2067:
2046:
2017:(5): 714–727.
1991:
1948:
1921:(1): 371–393.
1902:
1865:(3): 699–711.
1845:
1816:(1): 291–315.
1796:
1761:(1): 333–361.
1736:
1703:
1668:
1619:
1612:
1586:
1555:
1524:
1493:(6): 858–862.
1470:
1422:
1387:
1380:
1357:
1330:(5): 309–321.
1307:
1265:(2): 507–547.
1237:
1191:
1129:
1110:(10): 661–74.
1085:
1056:(7): 930–938.
1036:
1007:(8): 1203–12.
978:
915:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
900:
897:
888:
885:
872:
869:
849:Michael Mosley
844:
841:
832:
829:
815:
812:
803:
802:United Kingdom
800:
795:
792:
760:
757:
755:
752:
702:
699:
695:eight precepts
686:
683:
650:
647:
618:
615:
555:Main article:
552:
549:
535:
532:
518:
515:
483:
482:
463:
456:
445:
425:
422:
409:
406:
373:
370:
361:
358:
354:mood disorders
337:
334:
332:
329:
296:and metabolic
294:cardiovascular
287:lean body mass
270:
267:
265:
262:
254:cardiovascular
245:
244:
238:
221:Michael Mosley
201:
200:
199:
191:
182:
181:
180:
153:
150:
137:
134:
58:, such as the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7343:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7296:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Pseudoscience
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7235:
7234:Werewolf diet
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7103:Juice fasting
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6986:Pritikin diet
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6961:Engine 2 Diet
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6953:low-fat diets
6949:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:Stillman diet
6905:
6903:
6902:Rosedale diet
6900:
6898:
6897:Protein Power
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Hamptons Diet
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6746:No-Aging Diet
6744:
6742:
6741:Mushroom diet
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6681:Fruitarianism
6679:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6624:Alkaline diet
6622:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6604:
6599:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6569:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6538:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6456:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6210:Phenylalanine
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6170:Glutamic acid
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6160:Aspartic acid
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6106:List of diets
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6053:U.S. military
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5907:Diabetic diet
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5787:Meat analogue
5785:
5783:
5782:Fruitarianism
5780:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5770:
5769:Vegetarianism
5766:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5680:Mediterranean
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5579:Main articles
5577:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5568:healthy diets
5565:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5418:
5414:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5385:
5381:
5374:
5371:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5236:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5214:"How to diet"
5209:
5206:
5193:
5189:
5188:Medical Daily
5185:
5178:
5175:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4881:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4649:
4646:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4575:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4514:
4502:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4387:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3956:(4): 245–60.
3955:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3538:(2): 464–70.
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3295:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:(2): 181–92.
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:Diabetes Care
2245:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:(5): 727–33.
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:(10): 304–6.
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1574:
1570:
1569:The Telegraph
1566:
1559:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
917:
910:
906:
905:List of diets
903:
902:
898:
896:
894:
886:
884:
882:
878:
871:North America
870:
868:
866:
865:
860:
859:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
830:
828:
826:
821:
813:
811:
809:
806:According to
801:
799:
793:
791:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
759:United States
758:
753:
751:
749:
745:
740:
732:
727:
723:
721:
717:
712:
711:meta-analysis
708:
700:
698:
696:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:Ash Wednesday
660:
656:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
616:
614:
612:
609:fasting, and
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
558:
550:
548:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
524:
516:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:
429:
423:
421:
419:
415:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
385:
383:
379:
371:
369:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
335:
331:Other effects
330:
328:
326:
322:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
282:
280:
276:
268:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
242:
239:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
202:
197:
192:
189:
188:
186:
183:
178:
177:
175:
170:
167:
166:
165:
158:
151:
149:
145:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
35:
30:
19:
7277:
7204:Seed cycling
7199:Maker's Diet
7148:Wigmore diet
7092:
6817:Banting diet
6778:Rhubarb diet
6771:Raw veganism
6674:Fit for Life
6644:Clean eating
6565:Food portal,
6477:Food pyramid
6458:Nutritional
6032:
5931:
5902:Cardiac diet
5890:restrictions
5874:Liquid diets
5514:Harriet Hall
5484:. Retrieved
5470:
5458:. Retrieved
5449:
5424:. Retrieved
5412:
5400:
5388:. Retrieved
5373:
5361:. Retrieved
5353:The Guardian
5352:
5327:. Retrieved
5318:
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5287:
5273:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5226:. Retrieved
5217:
5208:
5198:30 September
5196:. Retrieved
5187:
5177:
5165:. Retrieved
5156:
5147:
5135:. Retrieved
5126:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5097:The Guardian
5096:
5075:
5047:
5043:
5036:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4871:. Retrieved
4838:
4834:
4824:
4781:
4777:
4721:
4717:
4694:21 September
4692:. Retrieved
4688:
4655:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4616:
4597:
4583:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4541:
4522:
4516:
4504:. Retrieved
4494:
4474:
4467:
4447:
4440:
4420:
4413:
4393:
4386:
4353:
4349:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4202:(1): 48–79.
4199:
4195:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4102:
4099:Hypertension
4098:
4088:
4064:2318/1671160
4047:
4043:
4037:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3863:(2): 63–80.
3860:
3856:
3846:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3753:
3743:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3673:
3669:
3631:
3627:
3604:. Retrieved
3579:
3575:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3252:(3): 253–8.
3249:
3245:
3232:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3152:
3149:BMC Medicine
3148:
3138:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3066:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3033:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3002:
2996:
2986:19 September
2984:. Retrieved
2976:www6.inra.fr
2975:
2966:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2701:10757/624649
2684:
2680:
2673:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2529:(2): 70–80.
2526:
2522:
2512:
2504:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2384:
2380:
2341:(3): 292–9.
2338:
2334:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2296:
2251:
2247:
2199:
2195:
2173:
2166:. Retrieved
2159:ABC Everyday
2158:
2133:. Retrieved
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2092:
2077:
2058:
2014:
2008:
1994:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1918:
1914:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1758:
1754:
1727:. Retrieved
1718:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1639:(5): 121–9.
1636:
1632:
1622:
1595:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
1490:
1486:
1448:
1444:
1415:29 September
1413:. Retrieved
1371:
1327:
1323:
1298:. Retrieved
1262:
1258:
1207:
1203:
1157:
1153:
1107:
1103:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1004:
1000:
948:
944:
890:
874:
862:
861:documentary
857:
846:
834:
831:Usage trends
825:healthy food
817:
805:
797:
784:
769:
762:
739:hypoglycemia
735:
704:
688:
652:
649:Christianity
622:
620:
567:Christianity
560:
537:
520:
491:
484:
471:mobilization
427:
411:
386:
375:
372:Side effects
363:
350:chronic pain
346:chemotherapy
339:
325:risk factors
318:
314:
291:
283:
272:
246:
240:
235:Mark Mattson
228:
227:documentary
213:Mark Mattson
203:
184:
168:
163:
146:
139:
114:Christianity
107:
95:
91:inflammation
87:hypertension
83:dyslipidemia
68:
63:
62:, and daily
59:
55:
51:
43:
42:
29:
18:Warrior diet
7179:Fletcherism
7169:Budwig diet
7063:Dubrow Diet
7043:Breuss diet
6976:Ornish diet
6892:Pioppi Diet
6862:Kordel diet
6812:Atkins diet
6766:Raw foodism
6761:Potato diet
6649:Cookie diet
6137:Amino acids
6076:Macrobiotic
6048:Raw foodism
6038:Liquid diet
6008:Cotton ball
6003:Entomophagy
5996:Other diets
5962:Low-protein
5922:Gluten-free
5830:Pollotarian
5825:Pescetarian
5659:Plant-based
5647:Basic types
5629:Staple food
5329:10 February
5299:10 February
5228:10 February
5137:23 November
5127:Health News
5044:Circulation
4994:(1): 1462.
4947:(1): 21–4.
4506:13 December
3909:: 337–343.
3721:(1): 1–22.
3310:(2): 80–7.
2879:(1): 1–13.
2168:11 February
855:television
814:New Zealand
808:NHS Choices
667:Good Friday
659:Friday Fast
623:Vrata/Nombu
599:Fast Sunday
414:weight loss
275:weight loss
98:dietary fad
7310:Categories
7214:Swank diet
7209:Sensa diet
7123:Orthopathy
7058:Detox diet
6837:Dukan Diet
6756:Pegan diet
6691:Grape diet
6420:Phosphorus
6410:Molybdenum
6235:Tryptophan
6205:Methionine
6190:Isoleucine
6155:Asparagine
6043:Ninja diet
5977:Renal diet
5942:Low-FODMAP
5937:Low-sodium
5703:Low carbon
5460:8 November
5426:28 October
5390:28 October
5363:5 November
5167:1 November
5107:18 January
5046:(Review).
4900:(1): 421.
4873:16 October
4837:(Review).
4304:(Review).
3859:(Review).
3820:(Review).
3672:(Review).
3606:8 November
3454:10344/6776
3287:23 October
3155:(1): 106.
3044:17 October
2473:(Review).
2426:(Review).
2387:: 110549.
2318:1 November
2135:14 January
2109:14 January
1960:(Review).
1635:(Review).
1579:14 January
1300:23 October
1160:(1): 371.
911:References
754:Guidelines
679:Black Fast
675:collations
631:Shivaratri
591:Yom Kippur
563:Black Fast
306:overweight
298:biomarkers
34:Starvation
7326:Fad diets
6991:Rice diet
6942:Zone diet
6783:Superfood
6721:Milk diet
6610:Fad diets
6512:MyPyramid
6425:Potassium
6405:Manganese
6400:Magnesium
6347:Vitamin K
6342:Vitamin E
6337:Vitamin D
6332:Vitamin C
6324:Vitamin B
6316:Vitamin B
6308:Vitamin B
6300:Vitamin B
6292:Vitamin B
6284:Vitamin B
6276:Vitamin B
6268:Vitamin B
6263:Vitamin A
6230:Threonine
6185:Histidine
6175:Glutamine
6128:Nutrition
6114:Diet food
6096:Slow-Carb
6091:Superfood
6086:Junk food
6071:Cambridge
6063:Fad diets
5982:Soft diet
5888:Specific
5797:Raw vegan
5754:Rastafari
5729:Christian
5619:Nutrition
5599:Dietitian
5486:28 August
5072:240422142
5010:1471-2458
4969:260001799
4738:1930-7381
4378:159039594
4283:204948008
3648:199075075
3513:209498984
3375:195828287
3062:"Fasting"
3014:6 October
2940:2574-3805
2598:1523-3804
2584:(5): 22.
2559:231747084
2543:2162-4968
2452:204815279
2409:198280773
2381:Nutrition
2202:: 46–58.
2001:Mattson M
1879:2161-8313
1791:238636406
1775:0199-9885
1729:4 October
1548:4 October
1451:: 14–20.
1445:Nutrition
1352:247014404
973:209498984
691:Theravada
669:) in the
633:(Shiva),
510:melatonin
496:over the
408:Tolerance
366:lipolysis
258:metabolic
217:Australia
142:centuries
100:. The US
7284:Category
7265:Quackery
7028:5:2 diet
6669:Hay diet
6555:Cookbook
6535:Category
6440:Vanadium
6430:Selenium
6375:Chromium
6370:Chlorine
6357:Minerals
6255:Vitamins
6240:Tyrosine
6165:Cysteine
6150:Arginine
5774:veganism
5724:Buddhist
5685:Atlantic
5654:Omnivore
5480:Archived
5454:Archived
5417:Archived
5384:Archived
5357:Archived
5323:Archived
5293:Archived
5279:Mosley M
5265:24345130
5222:Archived
5192:Archived
5161:Archived
5131:Archived
5101:Archived
5064:34724806
5028:37525238
5019:10391762
4961:16450268
4926:30359228
4867:Archived
4863:96438878
4855:31210344
4808:23182306
4799:10282472
4756:32700827
4632:Archived
4567:17 March
4558:Archived
4556:. 2016.
4370:31107308
4330:46984630
4322:29877877
4275:31659243
4226:53036546
4218:30348463
4172:37653149
4164:26556615
4129:27620394
4080:37837201
4072:28928073
4029:31813351
3980:19784781
3931:53712116
3923:30476522
3903:Appetite
3887:29321682
3838:30683819
3803:31408370
3735:16848698
3700:29086496
3628:Farmacia
3600:Archived
3596:15223983
3554:26135345
3505:31881139
3462:29315892
3419:25607885
3411:27609363
3367:31283627
3332:23707195
3324:20425196
3278:Archived
3274:39700065
3266:23332541
3224:52933736
3216:30294938
3181:28539118
3130:29102513
3038:Archived
3008:Archived
2980:Archived
2958:34919135
2901:23760594
2893:28975722
2858:24440038
2809:33512717
2760:86497236
2752:30952576
2717:52188900
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