380:
recover her son's decaying body (at that point it was not known which Brown it was), but she did not feel up to it, so they were reburied. Forty years later, in 1899, a scholar studying Brown located one of the two Black men who had been paid $ 5 each to bury the crates, and he led him to the spot; it was confirmed by "the memory of a number of older citizens who witnessed the burial". While the identities of those buried there were known, the remains could not be clearly distinguished. To avoid complications the bodies were surreptitiously spirited out of
Virginia; the remains were put in an ordinary trunk, which was carried as luggage on a train. They were all reburied in a single handsome casket, donated by the town of North Elba, next to the graves of John and Watson Brown.
140:, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia), sending letters to his wife Belle from the Kennedy farmhouse. He was killed during the fighting. The circumstances were that he emerged from the engine house at 10 AM on Monday the 17th, carrying a white flag, but was immediately shot, not by a soldier but by a townsperson. At 3 PM he was still able to fight. Lying on the ground and with no medical treatment, he lived on in great agony, his father preventing him from killing himself to end the pain, until about 3 AM on Wednesday the 19th, according to
365:
229:
357:
31:
186:, stained the arteries, drained of blood, with red dye, treated the muscles so they resembled wood, and preserved the nerves with varnish. The skin, half of the skull, and the brain were removed. It became a teaching exhibit in the College's one-room museum. This took place almost immediately after his death (there was no refrigeration).
182:. However, instead of using it for dissection and anatomy study, which was the fate of the other three bodies they also helped themselves to, it was prepared as a medical specimen or exhibit. Using techniques that were innovative at the time, a doctor at the College, presumably its head and anatomy professor
259:
entered
Winchester in March 1862, Banks turned over management of the hospitals in the city to an Army doctor from Indiana, Jarvis J. Johnson. Johnson found the exhibited body, which he called "one of the most beautiful specimens he ever saw". "A number of prominent citizens of Winchester called upon
750:
History of the lower
Shenandoah Valley counties of Frederick, Berkeley, Jefferson and Clarke, their early settlement and progress to the present time; geological features; a description of their historic and interesting localities; cities, towns and villages; portraits of some of the prominent men,
264:
One of the professors of the said college also called upon me in person, and demanded that I return the specimen. He then gave me all the details of the manner in which the body had been prepared, and said that he did it himself. He told me that after young Brown was killed at Harper's Ferry, that
303:
Twenty-three years later, in 1882, Johnson read in a newspaper that John Brown's widow was visiting
Chicago. Through an intermediary he wrote her, saying that he had the body of one of her sons and that he wanted to turn it over to her for burial. He emphasized that he was not selling the body and
379:
The body of Oliver Brown, and those of 7 others who also died during the raid itself, were thrown in packing crates and buried in a pit in an obscure place (so it would be forgotten), without ceremony, clergy, or marker. They were briefly dug up at
Governor Wise's request to permit Mary Brown to
372:
Oliver Brown was called "a strange character" by a man who knew him, "the most original perhaps of them all", who had burned a pulpit when a church would not allow an abolitionist meeting to be held there. A source says that he "was esteemed by his mother as the most promising of her children."
271:
The professor strongly appealed to me in the name of my profession, and in the interest of the same, and as a friend of science to return to him the said body. ...He cited the fact that the sons of John Brown had been killed while engaged with their father in the attempt to overthrow
Virginia's
287:
What to do with the body, how to rescue it from this dishonor, was a problem for
Johnson. If it had been buried in Virginia, which Virginians did not want, it would have been dug up immediately by the doctor or his agent. In theory the body could have been sent to Watson's mother at
282:
In answer to the demand and appeals of the professor I said that the memory of John Brown and his sons, and their heroic battle at Harper's Ferry for the freedom of the slave, were held in too high esteem for me to leave the body upon the slave soil of
Virginia.
265:
he had the body sent to
Winchester, and that upon consultation with the other professors of the college, it was decided to prepare the body of young Brown that it might be preserved in the museum of the college as a specimen, and
213:. Small pieces of the skin were held by doctors and others locally as souvenirs. Four of the finger joints on one hand and all the toes on one foot had also been taken by souvenir hunters. Teeth had been deliberately broken.
319:. (John Jr. traveled for a time as a lecturer on phrenology; this may be how they knew each other.) From the pictures and the bullet hole, they both concluded the body was Watson and not Oliver. The body was shipped to
315:, and was the guest of the governor of Indiana for dinner. He continued to Martinsville accompanied by Indiana State Geologist John Collett, "a recognized authority on ethnological subjects" and an expert in
721:
1680:
649:
300:
As reports on the
Harpers Ferry raid began to appear, it was determined that this body had to be either Oliver or Watson Brown, John's two sons killed during the raid. But no one knew which.
2089:
430:
1673:
1084:
194:
From papers found in a pocket they found that he was a son of John Brown, but they never learned which one. Nevertheless, the body was used as a means of showing the
1144:
2414:
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and College's attitude toward abolitionists. The exhibit was labelled "John Brown's son—thus always with Abolitionists", an allusion to Virginia's motto, "
1411:
892:
323:, to the home of John Jr., and was viewed with great curiosity. John Brown Jr. then had the remains shipped to North Elba for burial next to his father.
1452:
780:
2424:
452:
2125:
1983:
1438:"After years of waiting — The embalmed remains of Watson Brown buried— Restored to his mother after more than twenty years — Interred in this state"
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248:.) The College was used as a hospital, although it was evacuated when Confederate troops withdrew in advance of the Union troops.
2419:
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2013:
502:
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292:, but he said he felt this would just add to her many sorrows. So he shipped it to his home in Indiana, and kept it there.
2145:
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2008:
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62:
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1993:
1978:
1722:
1309:
1222:"Watson Brown's body. The story re-told of how it was found at Martinsville. The Son of John Brown, of Harper's Ferry"
1137:"'The noble wife of the late champion of freedom': Mary Brown's 1882 Visit to Topeka and John Brown's Enduring Legacy"
596:"The Burial of John Brown. The passage of the body to North Elba. The funeral. Speeches of Mr. McKim and Mr. Phillips"
522:
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109:(today Kent, Ohio). He was married to Isabell "Belle" Thompson Brown, and they had a son Frederick W., who died of
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174:
His body, one of the many victims lying in the road in Harpers Ferry, was taken by students and faculty of the
1589:"John Brown's Men. An Old Associate of Theirs in the Anti-Slavery Movement Relates Some New Facts About Them"
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159:. Your day has come. Lower your black flag, shoot your Dogs you Devils. Hell and furies! go in for Death.
144:. According to his father, "our poor Watson lingered until Wednesday about noon of the 19th of October."
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1613:"John Brown's Men, The Lives of those Killed at Harpers Ferry. With a supplementary bibliography"
1478:"John Brown's Grave. His Widow's Pilgrimage Thereto. A Letter from the Kansas Historical Society"
1477:
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me at the hospital, and each and all declared that it was the remains of a son of John Brown."
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331:
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130:
170:
Burning of Winchester Medical College § What the Union soldiers found at the College
129:
Watson was the one Brown boy who did not go to Kansas in the 1850s, part of his father's
679:
216:
In retaliation for this insult to the great Union icon and to their cause, Union forces
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342:. She buried him next to his father's grave in October 1882, 23 years after his death.
241:
102:
240:
the College closed, as both students and professors were occupied in the war effort. (
228:
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1962:
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1917:
1897:
1877:
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2363:
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1957:
1820:
1305:"Rescripting a Troubled Past: John Brown's Family and the Harpers Ferry Conspiracy"
555:"The Harper's Ferry Insurrection. Additional details. The letters discovered, etc"
304:
would not accept any reward or other compensation. This added to his credibility.
2270:
1189:
147:
The following was written by Watson and found on the floor of the engine house:
524:
The Life and Letters of John Brown: Liberator of Kansas, and Martyr of Virginia
2189:
1792:
1423:
1397:
368:
Original burial site of Oliver Brown and seven others killed at Harpers Ferry.
316:
110:
326:
Mrs. Brown took Watson's body to their former home and her husband's tomb in
1988:
356:
30:
496:
210:
278:
Virginia was entitled to the body as an object of warning and curiosity.
1584:
1330:
1304:
770:"John Brown's invasion. Further interesting incidents of the execution"
203:
1322:
453:"Letters tell story of John Brown's widow's trip across continent"
376:
Like Watson, Oliver Brown wrote his family from the Kennedy farm.
363:
227:
244:, Hugh's son and also a professor, was the personal physician of
1662:
648:. Vol. 1, no. 34. October 5, 1864. p. 270.
422:
A Skeleton's Odyssey: The Forensic Mystery of Watson Brown
85:; mummified and made into museum exhibit by Confederates
751:
and biographies of many of the representative citizens
206:." The lips were "purposely distorted in disrespect."
94:(October 7, 1835 – October 19, 1859) was a son of the
131:
efforts to prevent Kansas from becoming a slave state
2176:
2044:
1971:
1834:
1791:
1696:
220:just before leaving Winchester. It never reopened.
77:
69:
51:
37:
21:
1639:"The Final Burial of the Followers of John Brown"
311:traveled, with pictures, to the doctor's home in
1617:Publications of the Southern History Association
1410:. Vol. 10, no. 13. pp. 194–195.
1145:Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains
1049:Johnson, Jarvis J., M.D. (September 14, 1882).
262:
149:
1674:
1135:Laughlin-Schultz, Bonnie (Winter 2012–2013).
8:
1083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1632:
1630:
113:at age 4, and is buried at what is now the
1681:
1667:
1659:
1606:
1604:
451:Towne, Ella Thompson (November 24, 1939).
296:Identification and burial of Watson's body
29:
18:
1984:B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing
1611:Featherstonhaugh, Thomas (October 1899).
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
513:
511:
133:. In 1856 he wrote his mother from Iowa.
1583:Griffling, Charles S. S. (18 Jun 1879).
845:"The Evidences of Southern Civilization"
355:
16:American abolitionist, son of John Brown
2153:Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown
419:Taylor, Stephen J. (October 21, 2015),
411:
136:He participated in his father's famous
2095:John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)
2062:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
1560:from the original on November 22, 2020
1280:from the original on November 22, 2020
1198:from the original on November 22, 2020
1116:from the original on November 22, 2020
1076:
1065:from the original on November 22, 2020
1017:from the original on November 22, 2020
969:from the original on November 12, 2020
652:from the original on November 22, 2020
164:His body at Winchester Medical College
2126:John Brown's Provisional Constitution
2085:John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum
2057:Burning of Winchester Medical College
1524:from the original on October 17, 2020
1491:. 26 Oct 1882. p. 3 – via
1396:Lyon, Henry C. (September 26, 1894).
1373:from the original on December 5, 2020
1175:
1173:
933:from the original on October 12, 2020
895:from the original on October 13, 2020
857:from the original on October 14, 2020
821:from the original on October 17, 2020
783:from the original on October 21, 2020
724:from the original on December 5, 2020
688:from the original on December 9, 2020
433:from the original on November 1, 2020
390:Burning of Winchester Medical College
307:At Mrs. Brown's request, her stepson
7:
1414:from the original on August 25, 2021
224:Rescue of the body by Jarvis Johnson
2405:Family of John Brown (abolitionist)
2080:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
115:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
2415:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1690:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
535:from the original on July 21, 2021
395:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
338:and John Jr. were present, as was
267:as an object of interest and note.
83:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
14:
2294:Origins of the American Civil War
2184:Abolitionism in the United States
1637:Featherstonhaugh, Thomas (1901).
1369:. September 11, 1882. p. 4.
1303:McGlone, Robert E. (March 1989).
1276:. September 14, 1882. p. 6.
1194:. September 20, 1882. p. 8.
965:. September 11, 1882. p. 8.
622:Most of this article appeared in
572:from the original on May 25, 2021
55:October 19, 1859 October 19, 1859
2425:People from North Elba, New York
1451:. October 22, 1882. p. 14.
1239:from the original on May 6, 2021
1013:. September 7, 1882. p. 3.
608:from the original on May 3, 2021
604:. December 12, 1859. p. 6.
290:her home in North Elba, New York
2369:Winchester and Potomac Railroad
1556:. October 23, 1882. p. 7.
1520:. November 1, 1882. p. 6.
1455:from the original on 2022-02-16
1337:from the original on 2021-05-04
1159:from the original on 2022-02-24
885:Fall River Daily Evening News (
779:. December 6, 1859. p. 6.
568:. October 21, 1859. p. 1.
503:Kansas State Historical Society
2430:People from Osawatomie, Kansas
2139:The Last Moments of John Brown
2090:John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)
1356:"The Body of John Brown's Son"
1112:. August 25, 1882. p. 5.
196:pro-slavery, secessionist city
1:
2146:A Plea for Captain John Brown
891:. March 25, 1862. p. 2.
707:"Important Letters and Notes"
2009:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
1235:. June 23, 1895. p. 9.
929:. April 1, 1862. p. 1.
853:. April 7, 1862. p. 4.
817:. April 2, 1862. p. 3.
425:, Hoosier State Chronicles,
334:, where a funeral was held.
190:An anti-abolitionist exhibit
63:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
2132:The Last Days of John Brown
2052:Battle Hymn of the Republic
1994:Charles Town, West Virginia
1979:Allstadt House and Ordinary
1483:Weekly Capital-Commonwealth
1310:Journal of American History
466:. p. 6. Archived from
2451:
2435:Winchester Medical College
1801:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
1051:"Affidavit of Dr. Johnson"
519:Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin
349:
209:The skin was used to make
176:Winchester Medical College
167:
151:Fight on, fight ever, you
125:His death at Harpers Ferry
2067:Heyward Shepherd monument
1816:Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
1738:John Anthony Copeland Jr.
1548:"John Brown's Son Watson"
1055:Martinsville Republican (
957:"His Body's a-Mouldering"
887:Fall River, Massachusetts
640:"The Grave of John Brown"
28:
2121:John Brown's last speech
1644:The New England Magazine
923:Buffalo Weekly Express (
346:The body of Oliver Brown
1594:The Cincinnati Enquirer
1464:NYS Historic Newspapers
1443:Sunday Morning Telegram
1407:Kate Field's Washington
716:Shepherdstown, Virginia
627:December 16, 1859, p. 3
479:NYS Historic Newspapers
236:At the outbreak of the
2420:People from Kent, Ohio
2167:Virginia v. John Brown
1873:John E.P. Daingerfield
1773:Francis Jackson Meriam
1706:Osborne Perry Anderson
1402:"An Historic Incident"
747:Norris, J. E. (1890).
712:Shepherdstown Register
369:
361:
285:
276:of slavery, and hence
233:
161:
2314:Pottawatomie massacre
1826:George Luther Stearns
1553:Cincinnati Commercial
1365:Indianapolis, Indiana
1231:Indianapolis, Indiana
1181:"John Brown's 2d Son"
1057:Martinsville, Indiana
678:(November 21, 1859),
529:Boston, Massachusetts
501:, Manuscript held by
462:Lake Placid, New York
427:Indiana State Library
367:
359:
313:Martinsville, Indiana
274:cherished institution
231:
138:raid on Harpers Ferry
2410:John Brown's raiders
2299:Battle of Osawatomie
2244:Fire on the Mountain
2196:Battle of Black Jack
2036:Winchester, Virginia
2031:Sandy Hook, Maryland
2004:Harpers Ferry Armory
1783:Aaron Dwight Stevens
1768:Lewis Sheridan Leary
1698:John Brown's raiders
1570:newspaperarchive.com
1516:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1507:"John's Brown's Son"
1227:Indianapolis Journal
1186:Summit County Beacon
1027:newspaperarchive.com
1010:Indianapolis Journal
979:newspaperarchive.com
962:Indianapolis Journal
831:newspaperarchive.com
777:(New York, New York)
720:. October 22, 1859.
531:: Roberts Brothers.
498:Letter to Mary Brown
495:(October 30, 1856),
400:John Brown's raiders
352:John Brown's raiders
328:North Elba, New York
295:
180:Winchester, Virginia
119:North Elba, New York
107:Franklin Mills, Ohio
101:and his second wife
45:Franklin Mills, Ohio
2339:Henry David Thoreau
2238:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2201:Battle of the Spurs
1853:Owen Brown (father)
1806:Samuel Gridley Howe
1005:"John Brown's Sons"
881:"John Brown's Body"
756:A. Warner & Co.
564:Baltimore, Maryland
202:", "Thus always to
200:Sic semper tyrannis
184:Hugh Holmes McGuire
2266:Haitian Revolution
2256:The Good Lord Bird
2250:Wm. Lloyd Garrison
2233:Frederick Douglass
2206:James Madison Bell
1847:Mary Ann Day Brown
990:2020-11-12 at the
734:Virginia Chronicle
681:Letter to his wife
662:Virginia Chronicle
370:
362:
255:troops under Gen.
234:
218:burned the College
2377:
2376:
2304:Quindaro Townsite
2276:Elijah P. Lovejoy
2228:George DeBaptiste
2223:John Stuart Curry
2114:John Brown's Body
2106:John Brown's Body
2100:John Brown's body
2021:John Brown's Fort
2014:Historic District
1999:Gibson-Todd House
1943:George H. Steuart
1893:Stonewall Jackson
1883:George Henry Hoyt
1842:John Wilkes Booth
1835:Other individuals
1778:Dangerfield Newby
1361:Indianapolis News
1272:Chicago, Illinois
1108:Chicago, Illinois
1099:"Mrs. John Brown"
925:Buffalo, New York
807:"Rebel Malignity"
645:Soldiers' Journal
246:Stonewall Jackson
232:Jarvis J. Johnson
89:
88:
2442:
2289:James Montgomery
1953:Lewis Washington
1938:Lysander Spooner
1933:Heyward Shepherd
1913:Wendell Phillips
1728:Owen Brown (son)
1683:
1676:
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1512:Weekly Wisconsin
1503:
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1447:Elmira, New York
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1419:
1393:
1387:
1386:
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1317:(4): 1179–1200.
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841:
835:
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828:
826:
811:Delphi Journal (
803:
797:
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790:
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775:New-York Tribune
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731:
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621:
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601:New-York Tribune
592:
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551:
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505:
489:
483:
482:
476:
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458:Lake Placid News
448:
442:
441:
440:
438:
416:
340:Franklin Sanborn
321:Put-in-Bay, Ohio
58:
33:
19:
2450:
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2445:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2400:Bleeding Kansas
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2328:Seven Angry Men
2309:Allan Pinkerton
2211:Bleeding Kansas
2172:
2040:
1967:
1948:J. E. B. Stuart
1858:John Brown, Jr.
1830:
1811:Theodore Parker
1787:
1763:John Henry Kagi
1743:Barclay Coppock
1692:
1687:
1657:
1656:
1636:
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983:(More legible
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850:New York Times
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168:Main article:
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157:Lower Regions!
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103:Mary Day Brown
87:
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81:Killed during
79:
78:Known for
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1061:. p. 4.
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2359:Wakarusa War
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2072:
2026:Kennedy Farm
1958:Walt Whitman
1821:Gerrit Smith
1733:Watson Brown
1732:
1723:Oliver Brown
1648:
1642:
1620:
1616:
1597:. p. 5.
1592:
1578:
1568:– via
1564:November 16,
1562:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1532:– via
1528:November 16,
1526:. Retrieved
1510:
1501:
1481:
1472:
1462:– via
1457:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1422:– via
1416:. Retrieved
1405:
1391:
1381:– via
1377:November 16,
1375:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1339:. Retrieved
1314:
1308:
1298:
1288:– via
1284:November 16,
1282:. Retrieved
1266:
1263:"The search"
1257:
1247:– via
1241:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1206:– via
1202:November 16,
1200:. Retrieved
1184:
1161:. Retrieved
1149:
1143:
1130:
1120:November 16,
1118:. Retrieved
1102:
1093:
1069:November 16,
1067:. Retrieved
1054:
1025:– via
1021:November 16,
1019:. Retrieved
1008:
999:
977:– via
973:November 16,
971:. Retrieved
960:
951:
941:– via
937:November 16,
935:. Retrieved
922:
919:"(Untitled)"
913:
903:– via
899:November 16,
897:. Retrieved
884:
875:
865:– via
861:November 16,
859:. Retrieved
848:
839:
829:– via
825:November 16,
823:. Retrieved
810:
801:
791:– via
787:November 16,
785:. Retrieved
773:
764:
758:p. 441.
749:
742:
732:– via
728:November 22,
726:. Retrieved
710:
701:
690:, retrieved
680:
670:
660:– via
656:November 21,
654:. Retrieved
643:
634:
624:
616:– via
610:. Retrieved
599:
590:
580:– via
574:. Retrieved
558:
549:
537:. Retrieved
523:
497:
492:
487:
477:– via
472:. Retrieved
468:the original
456:
446:
437:November 16,
435:, retrieved
421:
414:
378:
375:
371:
360:Oliver Brown
325:
306:
302:
299:
286:
281:
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266:
263:
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235:
215:
208:
193:
173:
156:
152:
150:
146:
135:
128:
96:abolitionist
92:Watson Brown
91:
90:
57:(1859-10-19)
23:Watson Brown
2395:1859 deaths
2390:1835 births
2271:Victor Hugo
2261:miniseries)
2075:(biography)
1418:January 30,
1398:Field, Kate
1190:Akron, Ohio
1152:: 218–233.
754:. Chicago:
692:December 9,
676:Brown, John
2384:Categories
2349:Nat Turner
2190:La Amistad
2073:John Brown
2045:Afterwards
1793:Secret Six
1711:John Brown
1459:2022-02-25
1424:HathiTrust
1341:2020-12-07
1163:2022-02-25
474:2022-03-05
406:References
350:See also:
317:phrenology
111:diphtheria
105:, born in
99:John Brown
70:Occupation
1989:Beall-Air
1972:Locations
1079:cite news
238:Civil War
211:moccasins
153:Hell Hown
1558:Archived
1522:Archived
1453:Archived
1412:Archived
1371:Archived
1335:Archived
1278:Archived
1237:Archived
1196:Archived
1154:Archived
1114:Archived
1063:Archived
1015:Archived
988:Archived
967:Archived
931:Archived
893:Archived
855:Archived
819:Archived
781:Archived
722:Archived
686:archived
650:Archived
606:Archived
570:Archived
533:Archived
521:(1891).
431:archived
384:See also
309:John Jr.
2258:(book,
2177:Related
1587:(ed.).
1585:Caliban
1400:(ed.).
1331:1908635
1243:July 7,
576:July 7,
539:July 7,
204:tyrants
155:of the
2322:(film)
2284:(play)
2116:(song)
2108:(poem)
1849:(wife)
1651:: 134.
1329:
612:May 3,
330:, the
73:Farmer
1327:JSTOR
1157:(PDF)
1140:(PDF)
253:Union
251:When
178:, in
1716:body
1566:2020
1530:2020
1420:2022
1379:2020
1286:2020
1245:2021
1204:2020
1122:2020
1085:link
1071:2020
1023:2020
985:here
975:2020
939:2020
901:2020
863:2020
827:2020
789:2020
730:2020
694:2020
658:2020
614:2021
578:2021
541:2021
439:2020
336:Owen
52:Died
38:Born
1319:doi
117:in
2386::
1649:24
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460:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
