3093:
3457:
3648:
2603:
2022:
2249:
3306:
1894:
3184:
3498:
3830:
3598:
3798:
3061:
2175:
3757:
3548:
3134:
3716:
2113:
2326:
1803:
2807:
1990:
3365:
1958:
2063:
2857:
1739:
66:
3406:
2766:
2635:
1853:
2948:
2207:
3002:
1926:
42:
1771:
2889:
185:. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "finch" being included in the common names of some species, they are not closely related to birds with this name in other families, such as the
316:. The radiations within these clades occurred between 4.5 and 8.9 million years ago. The authors proposed that each of these clades should be treated as a subfamily. This contrasts with an earlier proposal in which the family was divided into three subfamilies.
3092:
3456:
3647:
2602:
4394:
2021:
207:
All estrildids build large, domed nests and lay five to ten white eggs. Many species build roost nests. Some of the firefinches and pytilias are hosts to the
2248:
4433:
3305:
4368:
4407:
3996:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 117, 156, 218, 228.
1893:
293:
4186:
3597:
3497:
4205:
3183:
3829:
204:
with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colours and patterns.
308:
of the
Estrildidae is estimated to have lived around 10.9 million years ago. A genetic study of the Estrildidae by Urban Olsson and
3797:
2888:
296:(IOC) the family contains 140 species divided into 41 genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown the family Estrildidae is
2174:
4412:
3060:
4420:
3756:
4290:
4277:
305:
65:
4347:
4015:
2652:
2570:
285:
4438:
4360:
3624:
3028:
3547:
3970:
3133:
2783:
2715:
2159:
281:
142:
3715:
2987:
2933:
3874:
3533:
3524:
3442:
2751:
2670:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2325:
2112:
1802:
222:
2806:
1989:
4492:
4230:
3892:
3847:
3783:
3733:
3282:
3228:
3019:
2974:
2915:
2824:
2792:
2733:
2688:
2679:
2661:
2552:
2311:
2302:
2130:
2048:
249:
4459:
3919:
3774:
3701:
3665:
3246:
3201:
3119:
3078:
2965:
2906:
2874:
2697:
2588:
2498:
2453:
4295:
1957:
4487:
4316:
4130:
4062:
3865:
3692:
3483:
3273:
3210:
3037:
2534:
2525:
2489:
2399:
2353:
2343:
2098:
284:
as "Estreldinae", a spelling variant of the subfamily name. In the list of world birds maintained by
257:
221:
Most are sensitive to cold and require warm, usually tropical, habitats, although a few, such as the
304:
containing the indigobirds and whydahs. The two families diverged around 15.5 million year ago. The
3615:
3583:
3565:
3405:
3364:
3264:
3110:
3046:
2390:
2192:
2062:
2007:
1756:
4181:. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 234–377.
2856:
4156:
3683:
3674:
3633:
3169:
2706:
2561:
2435:
2426:
2372:
2224:
1829:
1820:
60:
4464:
3219:
1738:
4502:
4446:
4303:
4182:
4177:(2010). "Family Estrildidae (Waxbills)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
4148:
4090:
3883:
2924:
2742:
2444:
2363:
2233:
2089:
2039:
1975:
1788:
226:
170:
4399:
4268:
4497:
4451:
4138:
4080:
4070:
4019:
3997:
3574:
3474:
3391:
3382:
3151:
3099:
2765:
2724:
2634:
2516:
2408:
1870:
1852:
1838:
1168:
289:
230:
208:
49:
2947:
4174:
3856:
3763:
3291:
3237:
2507:
2206:
2149:
2139:
1546:
4134:
4119:"A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomic evaluation of the waxbills (Aves: Estrildidae)"
4066:
4355:
4342:
4085:
4050:
3928:
3910:
3901:
3815:
3742:
3722:
3433:
3255:
3008:
2842:
2620:
2579:
2417:
1900:
1699:
1528:
1102:
467:
309:
201:
4481:
4210:
4160:
3140:
2275:
1911:
1879:
1809:
1186:
410:
194:
3974:
3956:
3001:
4308:
4282:
3836:
3515:
3423:
3350:
3339:
3160:
3067:
2833:
2266:
2080:
1777:
1708:
1703:
1598:
1143:
385:
297:
265:
186:
1925:
41:
3991:
4425:
4381:
4262:
4143:
4118:
3554:
3504:
3312:
2895:
2543:
2381:
2181:
2028:
1770:
1745:
1435:
1401:
1282:
1034:
710:
578:
360:
190:
182:
4023:
4114:
3804:
3604:
3323:
2954:
2813:
2772:
2291:
2119:
1996:
1964:
1943:
1580:
1453:
1084:
982:
964:
785:
685:
553:
510:
242:
215:
211:
4253:
4329:
4075:
4024:"Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits"
3463:
2863:
2641:
1383:
1016:
908:
256:) at a mere 8.3 cm (3.3 in), although the lightest species is the
238:
178:
174:
127:
117:
77:
4152:
4094:
4247:
4215:
3412:
3190:
2609:
2332:
2069:
1932:
1859:
1325:
1222:
890:
812:
596:
492:
435:
301:
97:
3654:
3371:
2213:
1496:
1307:
735:
280:
The family
Estrildidae was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist
17:
4386:
313:
87:
4373:
4224:
4055:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
4001:
4334:
4211:
Internet Bird
Collection.com: Estrildidae videos, photos and sounds
2255:
1698:
Phylogeny based on a study of the
Estrildidae by Urban Olsson and
767:
107:
4228:
4321:
272:) at 17 cm (6.7 in) and 25 g (0.88 oz).
3979:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 450.
264:) at 6 g (0.21 oz). The largest species is the
3993:
4237:
237:, have adapted to the cooler climates of southern
4218:— specialist waxbill bird society based in the UK
4051:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
2350:, also known as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch
8:
4225:
248:The smallest species of the family is the
40:
31:
4142:
4084:
4074:
4108:
4106:
4104:
1722:
3948:
200:They are gregarious and often colonial
294:International Ornithological Committee
4123:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4030:. International Ornithologists' Union
2166:, also known as black-and-white munia
312:published in 2020 identified 6 major
7:
4361:60140923-8167-4fb1-9585-32c7550785c4
4049:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
1405:– cordon-bleus, waxbill (3 species)
689:– mannikins, silverbill (4 species)
1572:
1520:
1513:
1488:
1427:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1299:
1274:
1266:
1160:
1135:
1128:
1076:
1069:
1008:
956:
949:
942:
934:
882:
874:
759:
752:
727:
702:
677:
570:
545:
484:
459:
452:
427:
402:
377:
352:
344:
337:
330:
323:
292:and David Donsker on behalf of the
4179:Handbook of the Birds of the World
2240:also known as white-throated munia
25:
2360:, also known as Jerdon's mannikin
1387:– grenadier, waxbill (2 species)
1329:– avadavats, waxbill (3 species)
816:– munias, mannikins (28 species)
157:
4028:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
3828:
3796:
3755:
3714:
3646:
3596:
3546:
3496:
3455:
3404:
3363:
3304:
3182:
3132:
3091:
3059:
3000:
2946:
2887:
2855:
2805:
2764:
2633:
2601:
2324:
2247:
2205:
2173:
2111:
2061:
2020:
1988:
1956:
1924:
1892:
1851:
1801:
1769:
1737:
64:
1712:was not included in the study.
1:
3915:Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis
3747:Euschistospiza cinereovinacea
912:– parrotfinches (12 species)
169:, or estrildid finches, is a
3933:Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis
2156:, also known as magpie munia
2146:, also known as bronze munia
4144:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106757
1602:– firefinches (10 species)
1457:– seedcrackers (3 species)
1038:– crimsonwings (4 species)
306:most recent common ancestor
4519:
3156:Glaucestrilda caerulescens
2981: – often included in
2653:Tawny-breasted parrotfinch
2571:Chestnut-breasted mannikin
739:– silverbills (2 species)
3971:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
3625:Black-bellied seedcracker
3538:Uraeginthus cyanocephalus
3029:Chestnut-breasted nigrita
2316:Mayrimunia cinereovinacea
1595:
1577:
1570:
1543:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1493:
1486:
1450:
1432:
1425:
1398:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1322:
1304:
1297:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1219:
1183:
1165:
1158:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1099:
1088:– antpeckers (3 species)
1081:
1074:
1067:
1031:
1013:
1006:
979:
968:– olivebacks (2 species)
961:
954:
947:
940:
932:
905:
887:
880:
872:
809:
789:– streak-headed mannikin
782:
764:
757:
750:
732:
725:
707:
700:
682:
675:
593:
575:
568:
550:
543:
507:
489:
482:
464:
457:
450:
432:
425:
407:
400:
382:
375:
357:
350:
342:
335:
328:
155:
150:
61:Scientific classification
59:
48:
39:
34:
4206:Zipcode Zoo: Estrildidae
3990:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
3976:Conspectus Generum Avium
3897:Lagonosticta rhodopareia
3738:Euschistospiza dybowskii
3479:Granatina ianthinogaster
2784:White-collared oliveback
2716:Red-throated parrotfinch
2548:Lonchura leucogastroides
2160:Black-and-white mannikin
2154:Spermestes fringilloides
2135:Spermestes griseicapilla
1793:Oreostruthus fuliginosus
1550:– twinspots (2 species)
1532:– twinspots (2 species)
1439:– bluebills (3 species)
1226:– waxbills (11 species)
1147:– grey-headed oliveback
414:– firetails (3 species)
282:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
4076:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
3875:Black-bellied firefinch
3588:Spermophaga ruficapilla
3534:Blue-capped cordon-bleu
3525:Red-cheeked cordon-bleu
3443:Orange-breasted waxbill
3430:also known as red munia
3355:Paludipasser locustella
3174:Glaucestrilda thomensis
3083:Delacourella capistrata
2911:Cryptospiza reichenovii
2756:Erythrura kleinschmidti
2752:Pink-billed parrotfinch
2671:Green-faced parrotfinch
2575:Lonchura castaneothorax
2481:Eastern alpine mannikin
2472:Western alpine mannikin
2463:Black-breasted mannikin
1702:published in 2020. The
1500:– pytilias (5 species)
1190:– waxbills (3 species)
1172:– waxbills (2 species)
1106:– nigritas (4 species)
986:– waxbills (3 species)
771:– sparrows (2 species)
223:eastern alpine mannikin
3888:Lagonosticta rubricata
3852:Lagonosticta rufopicta
3848:Bar-breasted firefinch
3784:Pink-throated twinspot
3779:Hypargos niveoguttatus
3570:Spermophaga poliogenys
3520:Uraeginthus angolensis
3396:Amadina erythrocephala
3328:Ortygospiza atricollis
3283:Crimson-rumped waxbill
3229:Orange-cheeked waxbill
3165:Glaucestrilda perreini
3115:Brunhilda erythronotos
3020:White-breasted nigrita
2920:Cryptospiza salvadorii
2916:Abyssinian crimsonwing
2825:Yellow-bellied waxbill
2738:Erythrura cyaneovirens
2734:Red-headed parrotfinch
2689:Blue-faced parrotfinch
2680:Tricolored parrotfinch
2675:Erythrura viridifacies
2662:Pin-tailed parrotfinch
2553:Yellow-rumped mannikin
2312:White-spotted mannikin
2307:Mayrimunia tristissima
2303:Streak-headed mannikin
2131:Grey-headed silverbill
2053:Taeniopygia castanotis
2049:Australian zebra finch
1761:Heteromunia pectoralis
1311:– finches (2 species)
714:– Madagascar mannikin
600:– finches (3 species)
557:– double-barred finch
439:– finches (2 species)
364:– pictorella mannikin
4460:Paleobiology Database
4216:Waxbill Finch Society
3920:Black-faced firefinch
3870:Lagonosticta senegala
3861:Lagonosticta nitidula
3788:Hypargos margaritatus
3775:Red-throated twinspot
3702:Yellow-winged pytilia
3679:Pytilia phoenicoptera
3666:Orange-winged pytilia
3620:Pyrenestes sanguineus
3579:Spermophaga haematina
3247:Fawn-breasted waxbill
3202:Black-crowned waxbill
3120:Black-cheeked waxbill
3079:Grey-headed oliveback
2992:Parmoptila woodhousei
2988:Woodhouse's antpecker
2970:Parmoptila rubrifrons
2966:Red-fronted antpecker
2934:Shelley's crimsonwing
2907:Red-faced crimsonwing
2875:Green-backed twinspot
2698:Red-eared parrotfinch
2589:Buff-bellied mannikin
2499:Grey-crowned mannikin
2454:Great-billed mannikin
2012:Stizoptera bichenovii
1843:Stagonopleura guttata
1834:Stagonopleura oculata
241:and the highlands of
173:of small seed-eating
4356:Fauna Europaea (new)
4022:, eds. (July 2023).
3924:Lagonosticta larvata
3866:Red-billed firefinch
3706:Pytilia hypogrammica
3693:Green-winged pytilia
3529:Uraeginthus bengalus
3484:Violet-eared waxbill
3278:Estrilda troglodytes
3274:Black-rumped waxbill
3242:Estrilda poliopareia
3215:Estrilda atricapilla
3211:Black-headed waxbill
3124:Brunhilda charmosyna
3051:Nigrita canicapillus
3038:Pale-fronted nigrita
2938:Cryptospiza shelleyi
2929:Cryptospiza jacksoni
2838:Coccopygia melanotis
2829:Coccopygia quartinia
2657:Erythrura hyperythra
2566:Lonchura quinticolor
2557:Lonchura flaviprymna
2526:New Hanover mannikin
2512:Lonchura spectabilis
2490:Grey-banded mannikin
2431:Lonchura ferruginosa
2422:Lonchura atricapilla
2400:New Hanover mannikin
2395:Lonchura leucogastra
2354:Black-throated munia
2344:Scaly-breasted munia
2144:Spermestes cucullata
2099:Black-throated finch
514:– plum-headed finch
389:– mountain firetail
262:Estrilda troglodytes
258:black-rumped waxbill
4135:2020MolPE.14606757O
4067:2019PNAS..116.7916O
3957:"Estrildid FINCHes"
3906:Lagonosticta virata
3893:Jameson's firefinch
3820:Clytospiza monteiri
3734:Dybowski's twinspot
3629:Pyrenestes ostrinus
3616:Crimson seedcracker
3584:Red-headed bluebill
3488:Granatina granatina
3269:Estrilda nigriloris
3265:Black-lored waxbill
3251:Estrilda paludicola
3111:Black-faced waxbill
3047:Grey-headed nigrita
2979:Parmoptila jamesoni
2975:Jameson's antpecker
2797:Nesocharis shelleyi
2793:Shelley's oliveback
2788:Nesocharis ansorgei
2720:Erythrura psittacea
2503:Lonchura nevermanni
2391:White-bellied munia
2348:Lonchura punctulata
2193:Madagascar mannikin
2094:Poephila acuticauda
2044:Taeniopygia guttata
2008:Double-barred finch
1875:Neochmia temporalis
1825:Stagonopleura bella
1757:Pictorella mannikin
254:Nesocharis shelleyi
250:Shelley's oliveback
54:Neochmia temporalis
4018:; Donsker, David;
3684:Red-billed pytilia
3675:Red-winged pytilia
3634:Lesser seedcracker
3296:Estrilda rufibarba
3287:Estrilda rhodopyga
3170:Cinderella waxbill
3042:Nigrita luteifrons
3024:Nigrita fusconotus
2879:Mandingoa nitidula
2847:Coccopygia bocagei
2707:Papuan parrotfinch
2693:Erythrura trichroa
2684:Erythrura tricolor
2562:Five-colored munia
2530:Lonchura nigerrima
2521:Lonchura hunsteini
2485:Lonchura monticola
2436:White-headed munia
2427:White-capped munia
2404:Lonchura nigerrima
2373:White-rumped munia
2238:Euodice malabarica
2225:African silverbill
2164:Spermestes bicolor
2085:Poephila personata
1980:Aidemosyne modesta
1948:Bathilda ruficauda
1830:Red-eared firetail
1821:Beautiful firetail
4475:
4474:
4447:Open Tree of Life
4231:Taxon identifiers
4188:978-84-96553-68-2
4061:(16): 7916–7925.
4020:Rasmussen, Pamela
3940:
3939:
3884:African firefinch
3879:Lagonosticta rara
3768:Reichenbach, 1862
3447:Amandava subflava
3428:Amandava amandava
3104:Reichenbach, 1862
2925:Dusky crimsonwing
2818:Reichenbach, 1862
2743:Royal parrotfinch
2711:Erythrura papuana
2702:Erythrura coloria
2666:Erythrura prasina
2625:Chloebia gouldiae
2614:Reichenbach, 1862
2535:Forbes's mannikin
2467:Lonchura teerinki
2445:Pale-headed munia
2364:Black-faced munia
2358:Lonchura kelaarti
2260:Reichenbach, 1850
2234:Indian silverbill
2218:Reichenbach, 1862
2186:Reichenbach, 1862
2090:Long-tailed finch
2040:Sunda zebra finch
2033:Reichenbach, 1862
1976:Plum-headed finch
1969:Reichenbach, 1862
1937:Reichenbach, 1862
1814:Reichenbach, 1850
1789:Mountain firetail
1716:
1715:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1584:– brown twinspot
1559:
1558:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1414:
1413:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1115:
1114:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1020:– green twinspot
995:
994:
921:
920:
894:– Gouldian finch
861:
860:
852:
851:
843:
842:
834:
833:
825:
824:
798:
797:
663:
662:
654:
653:
645:
644:
636:
635:
627:
626:
618:
617:
609:
608:
532:
531:
523:
522:
227:mountain firetail
164:
163:
146:
16:(Redirected from
4510:
4468:
4467:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4441:
4429:
4428:
4426:NHMSYS0020959134
4416:
4415:
4403:
4402:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4376:
4364:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4226:
4193:
4192:
4175:Payne, Robert B.
4171:
4165:
4164:
4146:
4110:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3953:
3842:
3832:
3810:
3800:
3769:
3759:
3728:
3718:
3660:
3650:
3638:Pyrenestes minor
3610:
3600:
3575:Western bluebill
3566:Grant's bluebill
3560:
3550:
3510:
3500:
3475:Purple grenadier
3469:
3459:
3438:Amandava formosa
3418:
3408:
3392:Red-headed finch
3387:Amadina fasciata
3383:Cut-throat finch
3377:
3367:
3345:
3318:
3308:
3260:Estrilda astrild
3233:Estrilda melpoda
3206:Estrilda nonnula
3196:
3186:
3152:Lavender waxbill
3146:
3136:
3105:
3095:
3073:
3063:
3014:
3013:Strickland, 1843
3004:
2960:
2950:
2901:
2891:
2869:
2868:Hartert, E, 1919
2859:
2819:
2809:
2778:
2768:
2729:Erythrura pealii
2725:Fiji parrotfinch
2647:
2637:
2615:
2605:
2593:Lonchura melaena
2539:Lonchura forbesi
2517:Mottled mannikin
2476:Lonchura montana
2458:Lonchura grandis
2449:Lonchura pallida
2413:Lonchura malacca
2409:Tricolored munia
2386:Lonchura fuscans
2377:Lonchura striata
2368:Lonchura molucca
2338:
2328:
2297:
2261:
2251:
2219:
2209:
2197:Lepidopygia nana
2187:
2177:
2125:
2115:
2075:
2065:
2034:
2024:
2002:
2001:Oberholser, 1899
1992:
1970:
1960:
1938:
1928:
1906:
1896:
1884:Neochmia phaeton
1871:Red-browed finch
1865:
1855:
1839:Diamond firetail
1815:
1805:
1783:
1773:
1751:
1741:
1723:
1573:
1521:
1514:
1489:
1428:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1357:Lagonostictinae
1300:
1275:
1267:
1161:
1136:
1129:
1077:
1070:
1009:
957:
950:
943:
935:
883:
875:
760:
753:
728:
703:
678:
571:
546:
485:
471:– painted finch
460:
453:
428:
403:
378:
353:
345:
338:
331:
324:
319:
318:
290:Pamela Rasmussen
233:, and the genus
231:red-browed finch
218:, respectively.
141:
69:
68:
50:Red-browed finch
44:
32:
21:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4463:
4458:
4450:
4445:
4437:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4406:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4372:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4307:
4302:
4294:
4289:
4281:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4233:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4113:Olsson, Urban;
4112:
4111:
4102:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3857:Brown firefinch
3840:
3808:
3767:
3726:
3688:Pytilia lineata
3658:
3608:
3558:
3508:
3467:
3416:
3375:
3343:
3317:Sundevall, 1850
3316:
3292:Arabian waxbill
3238:Anambra waxbill
3224:Estrilda kandti
3220:Kandt's waxbill
3194:
3144:
3103:
3071:
3033:Nigrita bicolor
3012:
2958:
2900:Salvadori, 1884
2899:
2867:
2817:
2777:Alexander, 1903
2776:
2747:Erythrura regia
2645:
2613:
2584:Lonchura stygia
2508:Hooded mannikin
2336:
2295:
2271:Padda oryzivora
2259:
2229:Euodice cantans
2217:
2185:
2150:Magpie mannikin
2140:Bronze mannikin
2123:
2103:Poephila cincta
2073:
2032:
2000:
1968:
1936:
1904:
1863:
1813:
1781:
1749:
1732:Living species
1721:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1560:
1476:
1467:
1415:
1348:
1339:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1209:
1200:
1116:
1057:
1048:
996:
922:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
799:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
533:
524:
278:
270:Padda oryzivora
209:brood-parasitic
140:
63:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4456:
4443:
4430:
4417:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4365:
4352:
4343:Fauna Europaea
4339:
4326:
4313:
4300:
4287:
4274:
4259:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4200:External links
4198:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4166:
4100:
4041:
4007:
3982:
3962:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3929:Chad firefinch
3926:
3917:
3911:Rock firefinch
3908:
3902:Mali firefinch
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3843:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3816:Brown twinspot
3811:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3781:
3770:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3743:Dusky twinspot
3740:
3729:
3723:Euschistospiza
3719:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3661:
3659:Swainson, 1837
3651:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3611:
3609:Swainson, 1837
3601:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3561:
3559:Swainson, 1837
3551:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3511:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3470:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3434:Green avadavat
3431:
3419:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3378:
3376:Swainson, 1827
3368:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3319:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3256:Common waxbill
3253:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3197:
3195:Swainson, 1827
3187:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3147:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3117:
3106:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3015:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2985:
2972:
2961:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2902:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2870:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2843:Angola waxbill
2840:
2831:
2820:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2779:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2648:
2646:Swainson, 1837
2638:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2621:Gouldian finch
2616:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2580:Black mannikin
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2418:Chestnut munia
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2351:
2339:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2273:
2262:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2220:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2147:
2137:
2126:
2124:Swainson, 1837
2116:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2076:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2046:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1916:Emblema pictum
1907:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1866:
1864:Gray, GR, 1849
1856:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1816:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1529:Euschistospiza
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
989:
988:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
939:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
919:
918:
915:
914:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
886:
881:
879:
873:
871:
868:
867:
864:
863:
859:
858:
855:
854:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
828:
827:
823:
822:
819:
818:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
746:
745:
742:
741:
731:
726:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
706:
701:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
681:
676:
674:
670:
669:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:
656:
652:
651:
648:
647:
643:
642:
639:
638:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
582:– zebra finch
574:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
549:
544:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
526:
525:
521:
520:
517:
516:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
488:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
463:
458:
456:
451:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
431:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
406:
401:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
381:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
356:
351:
349:
343:
341:
336:
334:
329:
327:
322:
300:to the family
277:
274:
162:
161:
153:
152:
148:
147:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4515:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Bird families
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:Cabanis, 1851
3839:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3809:Shelley, 1896
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3727:Wolters, 1943
3725:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Pytilia melba
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:Cabanis, 1851
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:Roberts, 1922
3143:
3142:
3141:Glaucestrilda
3138:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:Wolters, 1949
3070:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:P. rubrifrons
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Lonchura vana
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Lonchura maja
2437:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:Wolters, 1949
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:Padda fuscata
2277:
2276:Timor sparrow
2274:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1912:Painted finch
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:Crimson finch
1878:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1810:Stagonopleura
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:Mathews, 1913
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1706:in the genus
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:– quailfinch
1285:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1187:Glaucestrilda
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
987:
985:
984:
977:
976:
973:
972:
969:
967:
966:
959:
958:
952:
951:
945:
944:
937:
936:
930:
929:
926:
925:
917:
916:
913:
911:
910:
903:
902:
899:
898:
895:
893:
892:
885:
884:
878:Erythrurinae
877:
876:
870:
869:
866:
865:
857:
856:
848:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
821:
820:
817:
815:
814:
807:
806:
803:
802:
794:
793:
790:
788:
787:
780:
779:
776:
775:
772:
770:
769:
762:
761:
755:
754:
748:
747:
744:
743:
740:
738:
737:
730:
729:
723:
722:
719:
718:
715:
713:
712:
705:
704:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
688:
687:
680:
679:
672:
671:
668:
667:
659:
658:
650:
649:
641:
640:
632:
631:
623:
622:
614:
613:
605:
604:
601:
599:
598:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
581:
580:
573:
572:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
556:
555:
548:
547:
541:
540:
537:
536:
528:
527:
519:
518:
515:
513:
512:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:– star finch
495:
494:
487:
486:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
470:
469:
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
438:
437:
430:
429:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
413:
412:
411:Stagonopleura
405:
404:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
388:
387:
380:
379:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
363:
362:
355:
354:
347:
346:
340:
339:
333:
332:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
235:Stagonopleura
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
210:
205:
203:
198:
196:
195:Passerellidae
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:birds of the
176:
172:
168:
160:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
124:Superfamily:
123:
122:
119:
118:Passeriformes
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4238:
4219:
4178:
4169:
4126:
4122:
4115:Alström, Per
4058:
4054:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4027:
4010:
3992:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3951:
3932:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3837:Lagonosticta
3835:
3819:
3803:
3787:
3778:
3762:
3746:
3737:
3721:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3670:Pytilia afra
3669:
3653:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3603:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3553:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3516:Blue waxbill
3503:
3487:
3478:
3468:Sharpe, 1890
3462:
3446:
3437:
3427:
3424:Red avadavat
3411:
3395:
3386:
3370:
3354:
3351:Locust finch
3340:Paludipasser
3338:
3327:
3311:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3189:
3173:
3164:
3161:Grey waxbill
3155:
3139:
3123:
3114:
3098:
3082:
3068:Delacourella
3066:
3050:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3007:
2991:
2982:
2978:
2969:
2959:Cassin, 1859
2953:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2894:
2878:
2862:
2846:
2837:
2834:Swee waxbill
2828:
2812:
2796:
2787:
2771:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2640:
2624:
2608:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2331:
2315:
2306:
2290:
2279:
2270:
2267:Java sparrow
2254:
2237:
2228:
2212:
2196:
2180:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2134:
2118:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2081:Masked finch
2068:
2052:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1995:
1979:
1963:
1947:
1931:
1915:
1899:
1883:
1874:
1858:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1808:
1792:
1782:De Vis, 1898
1778:Oreostruthus
1776:
1760:
1744:
1709:Paludipasser
1707:
1704:locust finch
1599:Lagonosticta
1597:
1596:
1579:
1578:
1545:
1544:
1527:
1526:
1495:
1494:
1452:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1400:
1399:
1382:
1381:
1324:
1323:
1306:
1305:
1281:
1280:
1270:Amandavinae
1221:
1220:
1185:
1184:
1167:
1166:
1144:Delacourella
1142:
1141:
1101:
1100:
1083:
1082:
1033:
1032:
1015:
1014:
981:
980:
963:
962:
938:Estrildinae
907:
906:
889:
888:
811:
810:
784:
783:
766:
765:
734:
733:
709:
708:
684:
683:
673:Lonchurinae
595:
594:
577:
576:
552:
551:
509:
508:
491:
490:
466:
465:
434:
433:
409:
408:
386:Oreostruthus
384:
383:
359:
358:
348:Poephilinae
279:
269:
266:Java sparrow
261:
253:
247:
234:
220:
206:
199:
187:Fringillidae
181:tropics and
166:
165:
156:
137:
53:
35:Estrildidae
29:
4488:Estrildidae
4382:iNaturalist
4283:Estrildidae
4269:Estrildidae
4263:Wikispecies
4239:Estrildidae
4016:Gill, Frank
3555:Spermophaga
3505:Uraeginthus
3417:Blyth, 1836
3344:Neave, 1909
3313:Ortygospiza
2896:Cryptospiza
2544:Javan munia
2382:Dusky munia
2337:Sykes, 1832
2182:Lepidopygia
2074:Gould, 1842
2029:Taeniopygia
1905:Gould, 1842
1746:Heteromunia
1719:Genera list
1700:Per Alström
1436:Spermophaga
1402:Uraeginthus
1283:Ortygospiza
1035:Cryptospiza
711:Lepidopygia
579:Taeniopygia
361:Heteromunia
310:Per Alström
212:indigobirds
202:seed eaters
191:Emberizidae
183:Australasia
167:Estrildidae
138:Estrildidae
128:Passeroidea
4482:Categories
4129:: 106757.
3943:References
3805:Clytospiza
3605:Pyrenestes
3324:Quailfinch
2955:Parmoptila
2814:Coccopygia
2773:Nesocharis
2292:Mayrimunia
2120:Spermestes
1997:Stizoptera
1965:Aidemosyne
1944:Star finch
1581:Clytospiza
1454:Pyrenestes
1085:Parmoptila
983:Coccopygia
965:Nesocharis
786:Mayrimunia
686:Spermestes
554:Stizoptera
511:Aidemosyne
286:Frank Gill
243:New Guinea
4161:211048731
3464:Granatina
3100:Brunhilda
2864:Mandingoa
2642:Erythrura
1384:Granatina
1169:Brunhilda
1017:Mandingoa
909:Erythrura
239:Australia
179:Old World
175:passerine
143:Bonaparte
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
4503:Waxbills
4248:Wikidata
4153:32028027
4117:(2020).
4095:30936315
4002:2246/830
3973:(1850).
3764:Hypargos
3413:Amandava
3191:Estrilda
2610:Chloebia
2333:Lonchura
2070:Poephila
1933:Bathilda
1860:Neochmia
1547:Hypargos
1326:Amandava
1223:Estrilda
891:Chloebia
813:Lonchura
597:Poephila
493:Bathilda
436:Neochmia
302:Viduidae
276:Taxonomy
158:See text
134:Family:
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
4498:Finches
4254:Q214462
4131:Bibcode
4086:6475423
4063:Bibcode
4034:26 July
3655:Pytilia
3372:Amadina
3009:Nigrita
2214:Euodice
1901:Emblema
1497:Pytilia
1308:Amadina
1103:Nigrita
736:Euodice
468:Emblema
216:whydahs
151:Genera
114:Order:
104:Class:
18:Waxbill
4465:369385
4452:507124
4413:179604
4400:108452
4335:1ESTRF
4185:
4159:
4151:
4093:
4083:
314:clades
298:sister
171:family
145:, 1850
4439:37611
4395:IRMNG
4387:71322
4348:16716
4309:623Q5
4157:S2CID
2256:Padda
1729:Genus
1726:Image
768:Padda
4434:NCBI
4408:ITIS
4374:5709
4369:GBIF
4330:EPPO
4322:7551
4296:1182
4291:BOLD
4183:ISBN
4149:PMID
4091:PMID
4036:2023
214:and
108:Aves
4421:NBN
4317:EoL
4304:CoL
4278:AFD
4139:doi
4127:146
4081:PMC
4071:doi
4059:116
3998:hdl
193:or
4484::
4462::
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4280::
4265::
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4155:.
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4137:.
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4103:^
4089:.
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268:(
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252:(
20:)
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