3082:
3446:
3637:
2592:
2011:
2238:
3295:
1883:
3173:
3487:
3819:
3587:
3787:
3050:
2164:
3746:
3537:
3123:
3705:
2102:
2315:
1792:
2796:
1979:
3354:
1947:
2052:
2846:
1728:
55:
3395:
2755:
2624:
1842:
2937:
2196:
2991:
1915:
31:
1760:
2878:
174:. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "finch" being included in the common names of some species, they are not closely related to birds with this name in other families, such as the
305:. The radiations within these clades occurred between 4.5 and 8.9 million years ago. The authors proposed that each of these clades should be treated as a subfamily. This contrasts with an earlier proposal in which the family was divided into three subfamilies.
3081:
3445:
3636:
2591:
4383:
2010:
196:
All estrildids build large, domed nests and lay five to ten white eggs. Many species build roost nests. Some of the firefinches and pytilias are hosts to the
2237:
4422:
3294:
4357:
4396:
3985:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 117, 156, 218, 228.
1882:
282:
4175:
3586:
3486:
4194:
3172:
3818:
193:
with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colours and patterns.
297:
of the
Estrildidae is estimated to have lived around 10.9 million years ago. A genetic study of the Estrildidae by Urban Olsson and
3786:
2877:
285:(IOC) the family contains 140 species divided into 41 genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown the family Estrildidae is
2163:
4401:
3049:
4409:
3745:
4279:
4266:
294:
54:
4336:
4004:
2641:
2559:
274:
4427:
4349:
3613:
3017:
3536:
3959:
3122:
2772:
2704:
2148:
270:
131:
3704:
2976:
2922:
3863:
3522:
3513:
3431:
2740:
2659:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2314:
2101:
1791:
211:
2795:
1978:
4481:
4219:
3881:
3836:
3772:
3722:
3271:
3217:
3008:
2963:
2904:
2813:
2781:
2722:
2677:
2668:
2650:
2541:
2300:
2291:
2119:
2037:
238:
4448:
3908:
3763:
3690:
3654:
3235:
3190:
3108:
3067:
2954:
2895:
2863:
2686:
2577:
2487:
2442:
4284:
1946:
4476:
4305:
4119:
4051:
3854:
3681:
3472:
3262:
3199:
3026:
2523:
2514:
2478:
2388:
2342:
2332:
2087:
273:
as "Estreldinae", a spelling variant of the subfamily name. In the list of world birds maintained by
246:
210:
Most are sensitive to cold and require warm, usually tropical, habitats, although a few, such as the
293:
containing the indigobirds and whydahs. The two families diverged around 15.5 million year ago. The
3604:
3572:
3554:
3394:
3353:
3253:
3099:
3035:
2379:
2181:
2051:
1996:
1745:
4170:. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 234–377.
2845:
4145:
3672:
3663:
3622:
3158:
2695:
2550:
2424:
2415:
2361:
2213:
1818:
1809:
49:
4453:
3208:
1727:
4491:
4435:
4292:
4171:
4166:(2010). "Family Estrildidae (Waxbills)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
4137:
4079:
3872:
2913:
2731:
2433:
2352:
2222:
2078:
2028:
1964:
1777:
215:
159:
4388:
4257:
4486:
4440:
4127:
4069:
4059:
4008:
3986:
3563:
3463:
3380:
3371:
3140:
3088:
2754:
2713:
2623:
2505:
2397:
1859:
1841:
1827:
1157:
278:
219:
197:
38:
2936:
4163:
3845:
3752:
3280:
3226:
2496:
2195:
2138:
2128:
1535:
4123:
4108:"A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomic evaluation of the waxbills (Aves: Estrildidae)"
4055:
4344:
4331:
4074:
4039:
3917:
3899:
3890:
3804:
3731:
3711:
3422:
3244:
2997:
2831:
2609:
2568:
2406:
1889:
1688:
1517:
1091:
456:
298:
190:
4470:
4199:
4149:
3129:
2264:
1900:
1868:
1798:
1175:
399:
183:
3963:
3945:
2990:
4297:
4271:
3825:
3504:
3412:
3339:
3328:
3149:
3056:
2822:
2255:
2069:
1766:
1697:
1692:
1587:
1132:
374:
286:
254:
175:
1914:
30:
3980:
4414:
4370:
4251:
4132:
4107:
3543:
3493:
3301:
2884:
2532:
2370:
2170:
2017:
1759:
1734:
1424:
1390:
1271:
1023:
699:
567:
349:
179:
171:
4012:
4103:
3793:
3593:
3312:
2943:
2802:
2761:
2280:
2108:
1985:
1953:
1932:
1569:
1442:
1073:
971:
953:
774:
674:
542:
499:
231:
204:
200:
4242:
4318:
4064:
4013:"Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits"
3452:
2852:
2630:
1372:
1005:
897:
245:) at a mere 8.3 cm (3.3 in), although the lightest species is the
227:
167:
163:
116:
106:
66:
4141:
4083:
4236:
4204:
3401:
3179:
2598:
2321:
2058:
1921:
1848:
1314:
1211:
879:
801:
585:
481:
424:
290:
86:
3643:
3360:
2202:
1485:
1296:
724:
269:
The family
Estrildidae was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist
4375:
302:
76:
4362:
4213:
4044:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
3990:
4323:
4200:
Internet Bird
Collection.com: Estrildidae videos, photos and sounds
2244:
1687:
Phylogeny based on a study of the
Estrildidae by Urban Olsson and
756:
96:
4217:
4310:
261:) at 17 cm (6.7 in) and 25 g (0.88 oz).
3968:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 450.
253:) at 6 g (0.21 oz). The largest species is the
3982:
4226:
226:, have adapted to the cooler climates of southern
4207:— specialist waxbill bird society based in the UK
4040:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
2339:, also known as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch
8:
4214:
237:The smallest species of the family is the
29:
20:
4131:
4073:
4063:
4097:
4095:
4093:
1711:
3937:
189:They are gregarious and often colonial
283:International Ornithological Committee
4112:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4019:. International Ornithologists' Union
2155:, also known as black-and-white munia
301:published in 2020 identified 6 major
7:
4350:60140923-8167-4fb1-9585-32c7550785c4
4038:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
1394:– cordon-bleus, waxbill (3 species)
678:– mannikins, silverbill (4 species)
1561:
1509:
1502:
1477:
1416:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1288:
1263:
1255:
1149:
1124:
1117:
1065:
1058:
997:
945:
938:
931:
923:
871:
863:
748:
741:
716:
691:
666:
559:
534:
473:
448:
441:
416:
391:
366:
341:
333:
326:
319:
312:
281:and David Donsker on behalf of the
4168:Handbook of the Birds of the World
2229:also known as white-throated munia
14:
2349:, also known as Jerdon's mannikin
1376:– grenadier, waxbill (2 species)
1318:– avadavats, waxbill (3 species)
805:– munias, mannikins (28 species)
146:
4017:IOC World Bird List Version 13.2
3817:
3785:
3744:
3703:
3635:
3585:
3535:
3485:
3444:
3393:
3352:
3293:
3171:
3121:
3080:
3048:
2989:
2935:
2876:
2844:
2794:
2753:
2622:
2590:
2313:
2236:
2194:
2162:
2100:
2050:
2009:
1977:
1945:
1913:
1881:
1840:
1790:
1758:
1726:
53:
1701:was not included in the study.
1:
3904:Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis
3736:Euschistospiza cinereovinacea
901:– parrotfinches (12 species)
158:, or estrildid finches, is a
3922:Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis
2145:, also known as magpie munia
2135:, also known as bronze munia
4133:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106757
1591:– firefinches (10 species)
1446:– seedcrackers (3 species)
1027:– crimsonwings (4 species)
295:most recent common ancestor
4508:
3145:Glaucestrilda caerulescens
2970: – often included in
2642:Tawny-breasted parrotfinch
2560:Chestnut-breasted mannikin
728:– silverbills (2 species)
3960:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
3614:Black-bellied seedcracker
3527:Uraeginthus cyanocephalus
3018:Chestnut-breasted nigrita
2305:Mayrimunia cinereovinacea
1584:
1566:
1559:
1532:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1482:
1475:
1439:
1421:
1414:
1387:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1311:
1293:
1286:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1208:
1172:
1154:
1147:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1088:
1077:– antpeckers (3 species)
1070:
1063:
1056:
1020:
1002:
995:
968:
957:– olivebacks (2 species)
950:
943:
936:
929:
921:
894:
876:
869:
861:
798:
778:– streak-headed mannikin
771:
753:
746:
739:
721:
714:
696:
689:
671:
664:
582:
564:
557:
539:
532:
496:
478:
471:
453:
446:
439:
421:
414:
396:
389:
371:
364:
346:
339:
331:
324:
317:
144:
139:
50:Scientific classification
48:
37:
28:
23:
4195:Zipcode Zoo: Estrildidae
3979:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
3965:Conspectus Generum Avium
3886:Lagonosticta rhodopareia
3727:Euschistospiza dybowskii
3468:Granatina ianthinogaster
2773:White-collared oliveback
2705:Red-throated parrotfinch
2537:Lonchura leucogastroides
2149:Black-and-white mannikin
2143:Spermestes fringilloides
2124:Spermestes griseicapilla
1782:Oreostruthus fuliginosus
1539:– twinspots (2 species)
1521:– twinspots (2 species)
1428:– bluebills (3 species)
1215:– waxbills (11 species)
1136:– grey-headed oliveback
403:– firetails (3 species)
271:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
4065:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
3864:Black-bellied firefinch
3577:Spermophaga ruficapilla
3523:Blue-capped cordon-bleu
3514:Red-cheeked cordon-bleu
3432:Orange-breasted waxbill
3419:also known as red munia
3344:Paludipasser locustella
3163:Glaucestrilda thomensis
3072:Delacourella capistrata
2900:Cryptospiza reichenovii
2745:Erythrura kleinschmidti
2741:Pink-billed parrotfinch
2660:Green-faced parrotfinch
2564:Lonchura castaneothorax
2470:Eastern alpine mannikin
2461:Western alpine mannikin
2452:Black-breasted mannikin
1691:published in 2020. The
1489:– pytilias (5 species)
1179:– waxbills (3 species)
1161:– waxbills (2 species)
1095:– nigritas (4 species)
975:– waxbills (3 species)
760:– sparrows (2 species)
212:eastern alpine mannikin
3877:Lagonosticta rubricata
3841:Lagonosticta rufopicta
3837:Bar-breasted firefinch
3773:Pink-throated twinspot
3768:Hypargos niveoguttatus
3559:Spermophaga poliogenys
3509:Uraeginthus angolensis
3385:Amadina erythrocephala
3317:Ortygospiza atricollis
3272:Crimson-rumped waxbill
3218:Orange-cheeked waxbill
3154:Glaucestrilda perreini
3104:Brunhilda erythronotos
3009:White-breasted nigrita
2909:Cryptospiza salvadorii
2905:Abyssinian crimsonwing
2814:Yellow-bellied waxbill
2727:Erythrura cyaneovirens
2723:Red-headed parrotfinch
2678:Blue-faced parrotfinch
2669:Tricolored parrotfinch
2664:Erythrura viridifacies
2651:Pin-tailed parrotfinch
2542:Yellow-rumped mannikin
2301:White-spotted mannikin
2296:Mayrimunia tristissima
2292:Streak-headed mannikin
2120:Grey-headed silverbill
2042:Taeniopygia castanotis
2038:Australian zebra finch
1750:Heteromunia pectoralis
1300:– finches (2 species)
703:– Madagascar mannikin
589:– finches (3 species)
546:– double-barred finch
428:– finches (2 species)
353:– pictorella mannikin
4449:Paleobiology Database
4205:Waxbill Finch Society
3909:Black-faced firefinch
3859:Lagonosticta senegala
3850:Lagonosticta nitidula
3777:Hypargos margaritatus
3764:Red-throated twinspot
3691:Yellow-winged pytilia
3668:Pytilia phoenicoptera
3655:Orange-winged pytilia
3609:Pyrenestes sanguineus
3568:Spermophaga haematina
3236:Fawn-breasted waxbill
3191:Black-crowned waxbill
3109:Black-cheeked waxbill
3068:Grey-headed oliveback
2981:Parmoptila woodhousei
2977:Woodhouse's antpecker
2959:Parmoptila rubrifrons
2955:Red-fronted antpecker
2923:Shelley's crimsonwing
2896:Red-faced crimsonwing
2864:Green-backed twinspot
2687:Red-eared parrotfinch
2578:Buff-bellied mannikin
2488:Grey-crowned mannikin
2443:Great-billed mannikin
2001:Stizoptera bichenovii
1832:Stagonopleura guttata
1823:Stagonopleura oculata
230:and the highlands of
162:of small seed-eating
4345:Fauna Europaea (new)
4011:, eds. (July 2023).
3913:Lagonosticta larvata
3855:Red-billed firefinch
3695:Pytilia hypogrammica
3682:Green-winged pytilia
3518:Uraeginthus bengalus
3473:Violet-eared waxbill
3267:Estrilda troglodytes
3263:Black-rumped waxbill
3231:Estrilda poliopareia
3204:Estrilda atricapilla
3200:Black-headed waxbill
3113:Brunhilda charmosyna
3040:Nigrita canicapillus
3027:Pale-fronted nigrita
2927:Cryptospiza shelleyi
2918:Cryptospiza jacksoni
2827:Coccopygia melanotis
2818:Coccopygia quartinia
2646:Erythrura hyperythra
2555:Lonchura quinticolor
2546:Lonchura flaviprymna
2515:New Hanover mannikin
2501:Lonchura spectabilis
2479:Grey-banded mannikin
2420:Lonchura ferruginosa
2411:Lonchura atricapilla
2389:New Hanover mannikin
2384:Lonchura leucogastra
2343:Black-throated munia
2333:Scaly-breasted munia
2133:Spermestes cucullata
2088:Black-throated finch
503:– plum-headed finch
378:– mountain firetail
251:Estrilda troglodytes
247:black-rumped waxbill
4124:2020MolPE.14606757O
4056:2019PNAS..116.7916O
3946:"Estrildid FINCHes"
3895:Lagonosticta virata
3882:Jameson's firefinch
3809:Clytospiza monteiri
3723:Dybowski's twinspot
3618:Pyrenestes ostrinus
3605:Crimson seedcracker
3573:Red-headed bluebill
3477:Granatina granatina
3258:Estrilda nigriloris
3254:Black-lored waxbill
3240:Estrilda paludicola
3100:Black-faced waxbill
3036:Grey-headed nigrita
2968:Parmoptila jamesoni
2964:Jameson's antpecker
2786:Nesocharis shelleyi
2782:Shelley's oliveback
2777:Nesocharis ansorgei
2709:Erythrura psittacea
2492:Lonchura nevermanni
2380:White-bellied munia
2337:Lonchura punctulata
2182:Madagascar mannikin
2083:Poephila acuticauda
2033:Taeniopygia guttata
1997:Double-barred finch
1864:Neochmia temporalis
1814:Stagonopleura bella
1746:Pictorella mannikin
243:Nesocharis shelleyi
239:Shelley's oliveback
43:Neochmia temporalis
4007:; Donsker, David;
3673:Red-billed pytilia
3664:Red-winged pytilia
3623:Lesser seedcracker
3285:Estrilda rufibarba
3276:Estrilda rhodopyga
3159:Cinderella waxbill
3031:Nigrita luteifrons
3013:Nigrita fusconotus
2868:Mandingoa nitidula
2836:Coccopygia bocagei
2696:Papuan parrotfinch
2682:Erythrura trichroa
2673:Erythrura tricolor
2551:Five-colored munia
2519:Lonchura nigerrima
2510:Lonchura hunsteini
2474:Lonchura monticola
2425:White-headed munia
2416:White-capped munia
2393:Lonchura nigerrima
2362:White-rumped munia
2227:Euodice malabarica
2214:African silverbill
2153:Spermestes bicolor
2074:Poephila personata
1969:Aidemosyne modesta
1937:Bathilda ruficauda
1819:Red-eared firetail
1810:Beautiful firetail
4464:
4463:
4436:Open Tree of Life
4220:Taxon identifiers
4177:978-84-96553-68-2
4050:(16): 7916–7925.
4009:Rasmussen, Pamela
3929:
3928:
3873:African firefinch
3868:Lagonosticta rara
3757:Reichenbach, 1862
3436:Amandava subflava
3417:Amandava amandava
3093:Reichenbach, 1862
2914:Dusky crimsonwing
2807:Reichenbach, 1862
2732:Royal parrotfinch
2700:Erythrura papuana
2691:Erythrura coloria
2655:Erythrura prasina
2614:Chloebia gouldiae
2603:Reichenbach, 1862
2524:Forbes's mannikin
2456:Lonchura teerinki
2434:Pale-headed munia
2353:Black-faced munia
2347:Lonchura kelaarti
2249:Reichenbach, 1850
2223:Indian silverbill
2207:Reichenbach, 1862
2175:Reichenbach, 1862
2079:Long-tailed finch
2029:Sunda zebra finch
2022:Reichenbach, 1862
1965:Plum-headed finch
1958:Reichenbach, 1862
1926:Reichenbach, 1862
1803:Reichenbach, 1850
1778:Mountain firetail
1705:
1704:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1573:– brown twinspot
1548:
1547:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1403:
1402:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1104:
1103:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1009:– green twinspot
984:
983:
910:
909:
883:– Gouldian finch
850:
849:
841:
840:
832:
831:
823:
822:
814:
813:
787:
786:
652:
651:
643:
642:
634:
633:
625:
624:
616:
615:
607:
606:
598:
597:
521:
520:
512:
511:
216:mountain firetail
153:
152:
135:
4499:
4457:
4456:
4444:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4418:
4417:
4415:NHMSYS0020959134
4405:
4404:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4378:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4340:
4339:
4327:
4326:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4300:
4288:
4287:
4275:
4274:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4215:
4182:
4181:
4164:Payne, Robert B.
4160:
4154:
4153:
4135:
4099:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4067:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3831:
3821:
3799:
3789:
3758:
3748:
3717:
3707:
3649:
3639:
3627:Pyrenestes minor
3599:
3589:
3564:Western bluebill
3555:Grant's bluebill
3549:
3539:
3499:
3489:
3464:Purple grenadier
3458:
3448:
3427:Amandava formosa
3407:
3397:
3381:Red-headed finch
3376:Amadina fasciata
3372:Cut-throat finch
3366:
3356:
3334:
3307:
3297:
3249:Estrilda astrild
3222:Estrilda melpoda
3195:Estrilda nonnula
3185:
3175:
3141:Lavender waxbill
3135:
3125:
3094:
3084:
3062:
3052:
3003:
3002:Strickland, 1843
2993:
2949:
2939:
2890:
2880:
2858:
2857:Hartert, E, 1919
2848:
2808:
2798:
2767:
2757:
2718:Erythrura pealii
2714:Fiji parrotfinch
2636:
2626:
2604:
2594:
2582:Lonchura melaena
2528:Lonchura forbesi
2506:Mottled mannikin
2465:Lonchura montana
2447:Lonchura grandis
2438:Lonchura pallida
2402:Lonchura malacca
2398:Tricolored munia
2375:Lonchura fuscans
2366:Lonchura striata
2357:Lonchura molucca
2327:
2317:
2286:
2250:
2240:
2208:
2198:
2186:Lepidopygia nana
2176:
2166:
2114:
2104:
2064:
2054:
2023:
2013:
1991:
1990:Oberholser, 1899
1981:
1959:
1949:
1927:
1917:
1895:
1885:
1873:Neochmia phaeton
1860:Red-browed finch
1854:
1844:
1828:Diamond firetail
1804:
1794:
1772:
1762:
1740:
1730:
1712:
1562:
1510:
1503:
1478:
1417:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1346:Lagonostictinae
1289:
1264:
1256:
1150:
1125:
1118:
1066:
1059:
998:
946:
939:
932:
924:
872:
864:
749:
742:
717:
692:
667:
560:
535:
474:
460:– painted finch
449:
442:
417:
392:
367:
342:
334:
327:
320:
313:
308:
307:
279:Pamela Rasmussen
222:, and the genus
220:red-browed finch
207:, respectively.
130:
58:
57:
39:Red-browed finch
33:
21:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4421:
4413:
4408:
4400:
4395:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4369:
4361:
4356:
4348:
4343:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4317:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4222:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4102:Olsson, Urban;
4101:
4100:
4091:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3846:Brown firefinch
3829:
3797:
3756:
3715:
3677:Pytilia lineata
3647:
3597:
3547:
3497:
3456:
3405:
3364:
3332:
3306:Sundevall, 1850
3305:
3281:Arabian waxbill
3227:Anambra waxbill
3213:Estrilda kandti
3209:Kandt's waxbill
3183:
3133:
3092:
3060:
3022:Nigrita bicolor
3001:
2947:
2889:Salvadori, 1884
2888:
2856:
2806:
2766:Alexander, 1903
2765:
2736:Erythrura regia
2634:
2602:
2573:Lonchura stygia
2497:Hooded mannikin
2325:
2284:
2260:Padda oryzivora
2248:
2218:Euodice cantans
2206:
2174:
2139:Magpie mannikin
2129:Bronze mannikin
2112:
2092:Poephila cincta
2062:
2021:
1989:
1957:
1925:
1893:
1852:
1802:
1770:
1738:
1721:Living species
1710:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1549:
1465:
1456:
1404:
1337:
1328:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1198:
1189:
1105:
1046:
1037:
985:
911:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
788:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
522:
513:
267:
259:Padda oryzivora
198:brood-parasitic
129:
52:
17:
16:Family of birds
12:
11:
5:
4505:
4503:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4445:
4432:
4419:
4406:
4393:
4380:
4367:
4354:
4341:
4332:Fauna Europaea
4328:
4315:
4302:
4289:
4276:
4263:
4248:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4202:
4197:
4190:
4189:External links
4187:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4155:
4089:
4030:
3996:
3971:
3951:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3918:Chad firefinch
3915:
3906:
3900:Rock firefinch
3897:
3891:Mali firefinch
3888:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3832:
3822:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3805:Brown twinspot
3800:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3770:
3759:
3749:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3732:Dusky twinspot
3729:
3718:
3712:Euschistospiza
3708:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3650:
3648:Swainson, 1837
3640:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3600:
3598:Swainson, 1837
3590:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3550:
3548:Swainson, 1837
3540:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3500:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3470:
3459:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3423:Green avadavat
3420:
3408:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3367:
3365:Swainson, 1827
3357:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3308:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3245:Common waxbill
3242:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3186:
3184:Swainson, 1827
3176:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3136:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3095:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3004:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2961:
2950:
2940:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2891:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2859:
2849:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2832:Angola waxbill
2829:
2820:
2809:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2779:
2768:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2637:
2635:Swainson, 1837
2627:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2610:Gouldian finch
2605:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2575:
2569:Black mannikin
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2407:Chestnut munia
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2340:
2328:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2251:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2209:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2126:
2115:
2113:Swainson, 1837
2105:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2065:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2035:
2024:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1928:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1905:Emblema pictum
1896:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1855:
1853:Gray, GR, 1849
1845:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1805:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1773:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:Euschistospiza
1513:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1001:
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:
978:
977:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
928:
922:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
875:
870:
868:
862:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
826:
825:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
808:
807:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
785:
784:
781:
780:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
720:
715:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
695:
690:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
670:
665:
663:
659:
658:
655:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
641:
640:
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
627:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
610:
609:
605:
604:
601:
600:
596:
595:
592:
591:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
571:– zebra finch
563:
558:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
538:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
519:
518:
515:
514:
510:
509:
506:
505:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
477:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
420:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
395:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
370:
365:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
345:
340:
338:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
289:to the family
266:
263:
151:
150:
142:
141:
137:
136:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4504:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:Bird families
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:Cabanis, 1851
3828:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:Shelley, 1896
3796:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:Wolters, 1943
3714:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Pytilia melba
3683:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:Cabanis, 1851
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:Roberts, 1922
3132:
3131:
3130:Glaucestrilda
3127:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:Wolters, 1949
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:P. rubrifrons
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Lonchura vana
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Lonchura maja
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:Wolters, 1949
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:Padda fuscata
2266:
2265:Timor sparrow
2263:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1901:Painted finch
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1869:Crimson finch
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:Stagonopleura
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:Mathews, 1913
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1695:in the genus
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:– quailfinch
1274:
1273:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1176:Glaucestrilda
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
999:
993:
992:
989:
988:
980:
979:
976:
974:
973:
966:
965:
962:
961:
958:
956:
955:
948:
947:
941:
940:
934:
933:
926:
925:
919:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
900:
899:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
882:
881:
874:
873:
867:Erythrurinae
866:
865:
859:
858:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
828:
827:
819:
818:
810:
809:
806:
804:
803:
796:
795:
792:
791:
783:
782:
779:
777:
776:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
759:
758:
751:
750:
744:
743:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
727:
726:
719:
718:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
702:
701:
694:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
677:
676:
669:
668:
661:
660:
657:
656:
648:
647:
639:
638:
630:
629:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
594:
593:
590:
588:
587:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
570:
569:
562:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
545:
544:
537:
536:
530:
529:
526:
525:
517:
516:
508:
507:
504:
502:
501:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:– star finch
484:
483:
476:
475:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
459:
458:
451:
450:
444:
443:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
427:
426:
419:
418:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
402:
401:
400:Stagonopleura
394:
393:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
377:
376:
369:
368:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
352:
351:
344:
343:
336:
335:
329:
328:
322:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
224:Stagonopleura
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
199:
194:
192:
187:
185:
184:Passerellidae
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:birds of the
165:
161:
157:
149:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
113:Superfamily:
112:
111:
108:
107:Passeriformes
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4227:
4208:
4167:
4158:
4115:
4111:
4104:Alström, Per
4047:
4043:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4016:
3999:
3981:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3940:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3840:
3826:Lagonosticta
3824:
3808:
3792:
3776:
3767:
3751:
3735:
3726:
3710:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3659:Pytilia afra
3658:
3642:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3592:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3542:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3505:Blue waxbill
3492:
3476:
3467:
3457:Sharpe, 1890
3451:
3435:
3426:
3416:
3413:Red avadavat
3400:
3384:
3375:
3359:
3343:
3340:Locust finch
3329:Paludipasser
3327:
3316:
3300:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3178:
3162:
3153:
3150:Grey waxbill
3144:
3128:
3112:
3103:
3087:
3071:
3057:Delacourella
3055:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3012:
2996:
2980:
2971:
2967:
2958:
2948:Cassin, 1859
2942:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2883:
2867:
2851:
2835:
2826:
2823:Swee waxbill
2817:
2801:
2785:
2776:
2760:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2629:
2613:
2597:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2320:
2304:
2295:
2279:
2268:
2259:
2256:Java sparrow
2243:
2226:
2217:
2201:
2185:
2169:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2123:
2107:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2070:Masked finch
2057:
2041:
2032:
2016:
2000:
1984:
1968:
1952:
1936:
1920:
1904:
1888:
1872:
1863:
1847:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1797:
1781:
1771:De Vis, 1898
1767:Oreostruthus
1765:
1749:
1733:
1698:Paludipasser
1696:
1693:locust finch
1588:Lagonosticta
1586:
1585:
1568:
1567:
1534:
1533:
1516:
1515:
1484:
1483:
1441:
1440:
1423:
1422:
1389:
1388:
1371:
1370:
1313:
1312:
1295:
1294:
1270:
1269:
1259:Amandavinae
1210:
1209:
1174:
1173:
1156:
1155:
1133:Delacourella
1131:
1130:
1090:
1089:
1072:
1071:
1022:
1021:
1004:
1003:
970:
969:
952:
951:
927:Estrildinae
896:
895:
878:
877:
800:
799:
773:
772:
755:
754:
723:
722:
698:
697:
673:
672:
662:Lonchurinae
584:
583:
566:
565:
541:
540:
498:
497:
480:
479:
455:
454:
423:
422:
398:
397:
375:Oreostruthus
373:
372:
348:
347:
337:Poephilinae
268:
258:
255:Java sparrow
250:
242:
236:
223:
209:
195:
188:
176:Fringillidae
170:tropics and
155:
154:
145:
126:
42:
24:Estrildidae
18:
4477:Estrildidae
4371:iNaturalist
4272:Estrildidae
4258:Estrildidae
4252:Wikispecies
4228:Estrildidae
4005:Gill, Frank
3544:Spermophaga
3494:Uraeginthus
3406:Blyth, 1836
3333:Neave, 1909
3302:Ortygospiza
2885:Cryptospiza
2533:Javan munia
2371:Dusky munia
2326:Sykes, 1832
2171:Lepidopygia
2063:Gould, 1842
2018:Taeniopygia
1894:Gould, 1842
1735:Heteromunia
1708:Genera list
1689:Per Alström
1425:Spermophaga
1391:Uraeginthus
1272:Ortygospiza
1024:Cryptospiza
700:Lepidopygia
568:Taeniopygia
350:Heteromunia
299:Per Alström
201:indigobirds
191:seed eaters
180:Emberizidae
172:Australasia
156:Estrildidae
127:Estrildidae
117:Passeroidea
4471:Categories
4118:: 106757.
3932:References
3794:Clytospiza
3594:Pyrenestes
3313:Quailfinch
2944:Parmoptila
2803:Coccopygia
2762:Nesocharis
2281:Mayrimunia
2109:Spermestes
1986:Stizoptera
1954:Aidemosyne
1933:Star finch
1570:Clytospiza
1443:Pyrenestes
1074:Parmoptila
972:Coccopygia
954:Nesocharis
775:Mayrimunia
675:Spermestes
543:Stizoptera
500:Aidemosyne
275:Frank Gill
232:New Guinea
4150:211048731
3453:Granatina
3089:Brunhilda
2853:Mandingoa
2631:Erythrura
1373:Granatina
1158:Brunhilda
1006:Mandingoa
898:Erythrura
228:Australia
168:Old World
164:passerine
132:Bonaparte
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
4492:Waxbills
4237:Wikidata
4142:32028027
4106:(2020).
4084:30936315
3991:2246/830
3962:(1850).
3753:Hypargos
3402:Amandava
3180:Estrilda
2599:Chloebia
2322:Lonchura
2059:Poephila
1922:Bathilda
1849:Neochmia
1536:Hypargos
1315:Amandava
1212:Estrilda
880:Chloebia
802:Lonchura
586:Poephila
482:Bathilda
425:Neochmia
291:Viduidae
265:Taxonomy
147:See text
123:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
4487:Finches
4243:Q214462
4120:Bibcode
4075:6475423
4052:Bibcode
4023:26 July
3644:Pytilia
3361:Amadina
2998:Nigrita
2203:Euodice
1890:Emblema
1486:Pytilia
1297:Amadina
1092:Nigrita
725:Euodice
457:Emblema
205:whydahs
140:Genera
103:Order:
93:Class:
4454:369385
4441:507124
4402:179604
4389:108452
4324:1ESTRF
4174:
4148:
4140:
4082:
4072:
303:clades
287:sister
160:family
134:, 1850
4428:37611
4384:IRMNG
4376:71322
4337:16716
4298:623Q5
4146:S2CID
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4423:NCBI
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4319:EPPO
4311:7551
4285:1182
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4172:ISBN
4138:PMID
4080:PMID
4025:2023
203:and
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4410:NBN
4306:EoL
4293:CoL
4267:AFD
4128:doi
4116:146
4070:PMC
4060:doi
4048:116
3987:hdl
182:or
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