659:
This messenger, a low-ranking eunuch, did not dare to proceed to the capital city, but instead returned and falsely reported to
Emperor Wu that Liu Ju was going to kill him. By now enraged and really believing his son was going to overthrow him, Emperor Wu ordered his nephew, Prime Minister Liu Qumao (劉屈犛), to lead the regular Han army and put down the rebellion. The two forces then battled in the streets of Chang'an for five days, but Liu Qumao's forces prevailed after it became clear that Prince Ju did not have his father's authorization. Liu Ju was forced to flee the capital with two of his sons, and the rest of his family were killed, except a months-old grandson,
655:
messengers were already on their way to report the false accusations, he decided to accept Shi's suggestion. He sent an individual to impersonate a messenger from
Emperor Wu, and arrested Jiang and his co-conspirators – except for Su Wen, who escaped. He then denounced and personally executed Jiang, and reported his actions to his mother. Empress Wei, faced with the dilemma between her husband and son, chose to support her son and authorized Liu Ju to rally her palace guards and recruit civilian militias in preparation to defend himself against retaliation by the conspirators.
670:(i.e. suspending her rights in preparation to depose her). Wei Zifu committed suicide in response, and was buried with a small coffin in Tongbai (桐柏) on the east side of an avenue outside Fu'ang Gate (覆盎門, the eastmost south gate of Chang'an). Most of her clan members were wiped out in the turmoil. Crown Prince Liu Ju was later tracked down and cornered in Hu County (湖縣) by local officials eager for rewards, and committed suicide when it became obvious he could not escape. His two sons were also killed.
368:(王夫人) and his paternal aunt Grand Princess Guantao (館陶長公主), when he was barely 6 years old. The marriage was consummated at some point after Emperor Wu was then created the crown prince, but soon soured after Empress Chen was unable to bear him any children after many years. This tension further deteriorated after the young Emperor Wu, whose political survival at the time relied heavily on lobbying from his aunt/mother-in-law after the
621:— Emperor Wu decided to name her household "Gate of Yao's Mother" (堯母門). This led to speculation that Emperor Wu wanted to get rid of the 38-year-old Liu Ju and replace him with the 3-year-old Liu Fuling as crown prince instead. While there was no evidence that Emperor Wu actually intended to do such a thing, over the next year conspiracies began against Crown Prince Liu Ju and Empress Wei .
690:, and killed every official promoted for tracking down the Crown Prince. He also promoted Tian Qianqiu to prime minister, and made major policy change rectifying the ideals supported by his dead son. To express his regret over causing his son's death, Emperor Wu also built the Palace of Son-Grieving (思子宮) and Platform of Longing for Return (歸來望思台), officially rehabilitating Liu Ju's name.
578:). However, he continued to respect Empress Wei's judgment and entrusted her to govern palaces affairs: Palaces of Changshen, Changle and Wayang, especially Shaofu (Emperor Wu's inner court who managed all military and state affairs and kept all war secrets and confidential government information), when he was absent from the capital, and assigned her son Crown Prince Liu Ju as the
682:'s temple, filed a report claiming that "a white-haired old man" told him in a dream that for the offense of armed uprising, Liu Ju would at most be caned, not killed, as a punishment, Emperor Wu had a revelation about what really happened. Furious over the realization that the conspirators exploited his trust and plotted his son's death, he had Su Wen
468:(夫人, a concubine position just beneath the Empress), and appointed Wei Qing the triple role of Chief of Jianzhang Camp (建章監), Chief of Staff (侍中) and Chief Councillor (太中大夫), effectively making him one of Emperor Wu's closest lieutenants. Consort Wei then went on to monopolize Emperor Wu's love for over a decade, and bore him three daughters.
440:
be expelled (normally those who were too aged or incompetent in palace services) in the hope of getting out. Coincidentally, Emperor Wu happened to be there inspecting the expulsion process, and love soon re-flamed when he saw the tearful girl pleading to go home. By this point, Emperor Wu had just scored his first political victory with the
479:(張湯), which saw the execution of more than 300 people, Empress Chen was officially deposed for this misconduct against imperial moral standards, and exiled to the remote and lonely Long Gate Palace (長門宮), a suburban household that Princess Guantao once offered to Emperor Wu as a gift for tolerating her scandalous relationship with her
391:, Shaanxi) in the spring of 139 BC, Emperor Wu took the opportunity to pay a casual visit to his older sister Princess Pingyang, whose household happened to be nearby. Princess Pingyang, intending to gain favour with her royal brother by imitating the deeds of their aunt Princess Guantao (who gained favor with their father
582:
for all governmental and border affairs. Emperor Wu's trust in
Empress Wei was such that when she wanted to inform him of important decisions to be made in the palaces during his absence, Emperor Wu received her reports verbally and most of the time refused to listen to them. He fully trusted Empress
403:
for him), had prepared a collection of young women to offer for her brother's concubinage to establish herself political leverage (girls from lowly background like Wei Zifu were however not considered). However, the plan did not work – all her candidates failed to impress the young emperor. Realizing
658:
At the same time, Su Wen ran to
Ganquan Palace and told Emperor Wu that the Crown Prince was committing treason. Emperor Wu, not believing it and correctly (at this point) concluding that Liu Ju were merely angry at Jiang Chong, send a messenger back to Chang'an to summon his son for an explanation.
642:
and pieces of cloth with mysterious writings in the house of the "perpetrators", then condemned the victims on the spot. Eventually he reached the palaces of Liu Ju and
Empress Wei, engaged in so much digging that there were barely any space to lay a bed. He then announced that he found overwhelming
439:
and made sure
Emperor Wu would abandon his idea of keeping Wei Zifu as a concubine. Wei Zifu was then demoted to an insignificant palace maid and was largely neglected. More than a year later, feeling hopeless with her life inside the palaces, Wei Zifu blended into a queue of palace maids waiting to
447:
Wei Zifu's pregnancy was exciting news for
Emperor Wu, who was upset over himself being blamed for Empress Chen's infertility. His throne was previously under threat due to his political clash with conservative factions led by his grandmother during the failed 140 BC reform, and many nobles schemed
491:
The deposition of
Empress Chen had left the position open, and Emperor Wu now had no official principal spouse. In 129 BC, Wei Qing, who was already a member of Emperor Wu's "insider circle" (內朝) of government officials, led an army of 10,000 cavalry and scored the first proper Han victory against
628:
The first trial began in early 91 BC involving Prime
Minister Gongsun Ao (Empress Wei's brother-in-law) and his son, leading to their unexplained suicide in jail and the execution of their clan. Liu Ju's sisters Princess Zhuyi and Princess Yangshi as well as cousin Wei Kang (衛伉, Wei Qing's eldest
594:
In his advanced age, Emperor Wu became paranoid and suspicious over the possible use of witchcraft against him. A series of witchcraft persecutions would begin, and large numbers of people, many of whom were high officials and their families, were accused of witchcraft and executed, usually with
625:
ascending to the throne. Another conspirator was
Emperor Wu's chief eunuch Su Wen (蘇文), who was in charge of managing Emperor Wu and Lady Zhao's living arrangements, and had previously tried to frame the Crown Prince by falsely accusing him of committing adultery with Emperor Wu's palace maids.
404:
her brother was disappointed and bored, the Princess called in her in-house dancers for entertainment. This time, Emperor Wu set his eyes on Wei Zifu and was immediately attracted by her beauty and grace. Taking the opportunity of visiting the restroom, the young emperor took advantage upon and
624:
One of the conspirators was Jiang Chong (江充), a high-ranking legal official known for his ruthlessness and opportunism. Jiang once had a run-in with Liu Ju after arresting one of the crown prince's assistants for improper use of an imperial road, and feared that Liu Ju would seek payback after
654:
and raising the possibility that Emperor Wu might already be deceased, suggested to Liu Ju to start an uprising to get rid of the villains. Liu Ju initially hesitated and wanted to speedily proceed to Ganquan Palace and explain himself to his father, but when he found out that Jiang Chong's
455:
Empress Chen became exceedingly jealous but could do little to Wei Zifu as she was under Emperor Wu's direct protection. Empress Chen's mother, Princess Guantao, then attempted retribution by kidnapping Wei Qing, who was then serving as a horseman in Jianzhang Camp (建章營, Emperor Wu's
633:
underway, Jiang Chong and Su Wen decided to strike while the iron was hot and move against Liu Ju, once again with the accusation of witchcraft. Because the physically deteriorating Emperor Wu was then staying at his summer palace in Ganquan (甘泉, in modern
339:
by her mother with a low-level official serving the Princess's household. When Wei Zifu was still young, she was recruited as a singer at the princess' estate, where she was also trained in dancing and the
1826:
534:
Despite the fact that the rise of the Wei family largely owed credit to the military talent of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, Wei Zifu was often seen as the backbone of the family. A contemporary
511:, would be entrusted with more prominent roles in the war effort against Xiongnu, and was appointed the Generalissimo (大將軍) of All Armed Forces after his crushing victory over Xiongnu's
327:(平陽公主), Emperor Wu's older sister. Her father presumably died around the time of her birth, as there were little historic records of most of her family members. Her younger half-brother
678:
Not long afterwards, Emperor Wu began to realize that the witchcraft cases during 91 BC were often false accusations. In 89 BC, when Tian Qianqiu (田千秋), then the superintendent of
559:
During her tenure, Wei Zifu was recorded as a modest, careful and low-key empress, who tried her best to keep her clan members in line and out of trouble. The legendary historian
1022:
Although Lady Wei's birth year was not recorded, she was noted to be a young woman in 139 BC when she caught the eye of Emperor Wu. Thus, her birth year should be in the 150s BC.
448:
of deposing him under the excuse of "being incapable of fathering children" (the inability to propagate royal bloodline was a serious matter), and making his distant uncle
500:, and the overjoyed Emperor Wu (who was already 28 years of age when the son was born) immediately made her empress later that year on 30 April. Liu Ju was later created
697:. Emperor Xuan then had his great-grandmother's name officially cleared and rebuilt her tomb to a larger mausoleum cared by 1000 men, and gave her the posthumous title
464:(公孫敖), who reported the entire incident to Emperor Wu. In response and as a sign of annoyance towards Empress Chen and her mother, Emperor Wu publicly made Wei Zifu a
444:
and consolidated enough power, and thus no longer needed to appease Empress Chen and Princess Guantao. Wei Zifu was made to stay and fell pregnant very shortly later.
701:(衛思后, literally meaning "Wei the Thoughtful Empress"). Her new tomb, due to its remote location and relative humbleness, escaped the looting by tomb raiders later.
1806:
356:, started to strain not long after he ascended to the throne at age 16. Empress Chen was an older cousin who was at least 8 years his senior, and their union was
629:
son) were also accused of involvement in witchcraft and executed, effectively removing almost all of his political allies in the Han court. With the sanctioned
638:, Shaanxi), he relied heavily on Jiang and Su for day-to-day information. Jiang, with the approval from Emperor Wu, searched through various palaces, planted
563:, despite often displaying a sceptical and condescending attitude towards Emperor Wu's extended families, described Empress Wei as "fine in virtues" (嘉夫德若斯).
586:
Later on, civil unrest broke out between Consort Li's family and Wei Zifu's family, leading to Li's downfall and several of Li's relatives being executed.
602:
was born to Lady Zhao, and Emperor Wu was ecstatic in having a child at the advanced age of 62. Lady Zhao herself was introduced to Emperor Wu by some
452:
the successor. This pregnancy cleared Emperor Wu's name and silenced his political enemies, and ensured Wei Zifu becoming favoured over Empress Chen.
475:
to curse other concubines in attempt to restore her husband's love to her. Following an investigation/crackdown under the widely feared prosecutor
1301:
1842:
1913:
1903:
1908:
1898:
1814:
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and his spouse for 49 years. She stayed as his empress for 38 years, the second longest in Chinese history (behind only the 47-year reign of
1802:
1888:
1310:
1261:
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their clans. Soon, these witchcraft persecutions would become intertwined in the succession struggles and erupt into a major catastrophe.
460:), and have him murdered. However, Wei Qing was rescued from the princess' estate by his friends – a group of fellow palace guards led by
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1702:
1584:
1382:
1271:
971:
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Nothing to be happy if you bore a son. Nothing to be angry if you bore a daughter. Don't you see Wei Zifu dominates the world!
1873:
1838:
1790:
646:
Liu Ju was shocked by this and forced to consult his close advisers. His teacher Shi De (石德), invoking the infamous story of
239:
199:
550:
Because the great achievements of this Wei family, many later Han emperors considered marrying concubines with the surname
416:
of gold to his sister as reward, who in turn offered the new girl to him as a gift. Emperor Wu then took Wei Zifu back to
191:
1893:
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1208:
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was also a distinguished military tactician with a series of highly successful campaigns over the control of the
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in her palm. Because her pregnancy with Liu Fuling purportedly lasted 14 months long – the same as the mythical
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1632:
1529:
1479:
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1185:
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family. She was the fourth child and the youngest daughter of a lowly housemaid/servant at the household of
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story. Upon hearing the arrival of the new girl, the extremely jealous and intolerant Empress Chen threw a
1818:
1794:
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1883:
966:
767:, the Marquess of Changping (長平侯), Generalissimo (大將軍) of Han armies and Chief Defense Minister (大司馬)
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with the young singer, whom the observant Princess Pingyang had ordered to follow in and serve as a
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Shortly after Liu Ju's escape, Emperor Wu sent two officials to Empress Wei's palace to seize her
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1407:
1367:
849:(霍去病), son of Wei Shaoer, the Marquess of Champion (冠軍侯), posthumously Marquess of Jingheng (景桓侯)
361:
332:
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to Empress Wei faded and he began to favour other concubines, including Consort Wang (王夫人),
365:
693:
18 years after her death, her great-grandson Liu Bingyi ascended to the throne in 74 BC as
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1417:
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clenched fist, which somehow magically opened up when Emperor Wu massaged it, revealing a
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26:
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412:. Now excited over the romantic encounter, Emperor Wu immediately conferred a thousand
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1402:
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923:(宁静) and Ru Ping (茹萍) in the first, second and third season of the television series
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After conducting an annual ceremonial ritual at Bashang (灞上, between present-day
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After Wei Zifu became Empress, Wei Qing, now considered part of Emperor Wu's
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496:. The following year, Consort Wei gave birth to Emperor Wu's first son,
284:, who lived over 1,600 years later). She was the mother of Emperor Wu's
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Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century
1053:
Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century
913:
Portrayed by Yu Xiaohui (于小慧) in the 1996 Chinese television series
431:
However, what Wei Zifu would later experience was far from a lovely
1161:
745:, older sister, later wife of Chen Zhang (陳掌, a great-grandson of
413:
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evidence of crime particularly at the Crown Prince's household.
611:
1283:
1097:); and his aunt or grand-aunt was called a princess supreme (
843:
Gongsun Jingsheng (公孫敬聲), son of Wei Junru, executed in 91 BC
1228:
Wars With the Xiongnu – A Translation From Zizhi Tongjian
1087:
An emperor's sister or a favorite daughter was called a
932:
Portrayed by Lin Jing (林静) in the 2005 television series
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Wei Buyi (衛不疑), son of Wei Qing, Marquess of Yin'an (陰安侯)
831:
d and forced into failed uprising, posthumously known as
352:
Emperor Wu's relationship with his newly-wed first wife,
862:
Wei Deng (衛登), son of Wei Qing, Marquess of Fagan (發乾侯)
827:
to Emperor Wu, committed suicide in 91 BC after being
471:
In 130 BC, Empress Chen was found to have resorted to
1098:
1092:
531:, a remarkable feat for a clan from serf background.
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1733:
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1618:
1555:
1460:
1431:
1333:
738:(衛孺), eldest sister, later wife of Gongsun He (公孫賀)
515:of the Right (右賢王) in 124 BC. Empress Wei's nephew
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792:(陽信長公主) before her first marriage, later wife of
856:, Marquess of Changping (長平侯), executed in 91 BC
540:
1295:
8:
1136:day of the 4th month of the 1st year of the
1117:day of the 3rd month of the 1st year of the
1034:day of the 7th month of the 2nd year of the
1006:day of the 3th month of the 1st year of the
260:(衛思后, "Wei the Thoughtful Empress"), was an
1302:
1288:
1280:
1240:
420:, bringing along her younger half-brother
37:
803:Grand Princess Wei (衛長公主), also known as
1075:. Vol. II. Routledge. p. 609.
1072:Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women
893:(劉病已), son of Liu Jin, later renamed to
813:Princess Shiyi (石邑公主), executed in 91 BC
810:Princess Zhuyi (諸邑公主), executed in 91 BC
370:defeat of his ambitious reform in 140 BC
268:. She was the second wife of the famous
1064:
1062:
996:
348:Encountering Emperor Wu and consortship
319:Wei Zifu was born of humble means to a
222:
688:immediate and extended family executed
140:
46:Empress consort of Western Han dynasty
16:Empress consort of Western Han dynasty
523:. By 123 BC, the Wei family had five
7:
1069:Lee, Lily; Wiles, Sue, eds. (2015).
982:(陈紫函) in the 2017 television series
969:(张可颐) in the 2014 television series
958:(王珞丹) in the 2014 television series
773:Wei Guang (衛廣), younger half-brother
598:In 94 BC, Emperor Wu's youngest son
583:Wei's judgment on palaces' affairs.
574:(李夫人) and Lady Zhao (趙婕妤, mother of
556:as a way of attaining good fortune.
1038:era, per Emperor Wu's biography in
1010:era, per Emperor Wu's biography in
945:(张檬) in the 2011 television series
566:As the years went by, Emperor Wu's
307:, and a step-aunt of Han statesman
897:(劉詢) after ascension to throne as
731:Wei Zhangjun (衛長君), eldest brother
442:successful intervention of Dong'ou
331:, born not long after her, was an
54:30 April 128 BC– 9 September 91 BC
14:
1215:Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000).
1051:Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000).
770:Wei Bu (衛步), younger half-brother
590:The Crown Prince revolt and death
315:Family background and early years
1708:Grand Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
1230:Chapters 4–6 AuthorHouse – 2009
1703:Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
1055:. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. p. 61.
734:Wei Junru (衛君孺), also known as
1262:Empress of Western Han Dynasty
663:, who was thrown into prison.
252:
243:
212:
203:
195:
1:
1914:1st-century BC Chinese people
1904:2nd-century BC Chinese people
1827:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
919:Portrayed by Wang Ling (王灵),
424:as well to serve as a palace
1909:1st-century BC Chinese women
1899:2nd-century BC Chinese women
1311:Empresses of the Han dynasty
870:Liu Jin (劉進), also known as
741:Wei Shaoer (衛少兒), mother of
1889:Suicides in the Han dynasty
1099:
1093:
291:and a great-grandmother of
226:; died 9 September 91 BC),
1930:
1590:Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
935:The Emperor in Han Dynasty
20:
1779:
1726:
1698:Grand Empress Dowager Dou
1671:
1585:Empress Dowager Shangguan
1548:
1326:
1317:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1243:
960:The Virtuous Queen of Han
926:The Prince of Han Dynasty
784:(平陽公主), eldest sister of
674:Posthumous rehabilitation
374:Grand Empress Dowager Dou
168:
148:
139:
1718:Grand Empress Dowager Fu
1693:Grand Empress Dowager Bo
1688:Grand Empress Dowager Lü
1266:30 Apr 128– 9 Sep 91 BC
948:Beauty's Rival in Palace
131:Liu Ju, Crown Prince Wei
1673:Grand empresses dowager
790:Eldest Princess Yangxin
264:during ancient China's
41:Empress Xiaowu Si 孝武思皇后
852:Wei Kang (衛伉), son of
548:
295:, as well as an older
1874:Han dynasty empresses
872:Imperial Grandson Shi
299:of the famed general
1728:Posthumous empresses
1610:Empress Dowager Wang
967:Maggie Cheung Ho-yee
901:(b. 91 BC, d. 49 BC)
887:Great-Grandchildren
819:(劉據), also known as
650:'s scheme to murder
546:生男無喜，生女無怒，獨不見衛子夫霸天下！
527:es and achieved top
303:, a younger aunt of
1894:Witchcraft in China
1638:Empress Dowager Dou
1575:Empress Dowager Dou
1219:. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
1140:era, per vol.19 of
1121:era, per vol.18 of
972:Sound of the Desert
899:Emperor Xuan of Han
372:by his grandmother
364:between his mother
337:extramarital affair
200:traditional Chinese
121:Eldest Princess Wei
1663:Empress Dowager He
1633:Empress Dowager Ma
1600:Empress Dowager Fu
1570:Empress Dowager Bo
1565:Empress Dowager Lü
504:on 1 June 122 BC.
362:political alliance
333:illegitimate child
253:Xiàowǔ Sī Huánghòu
232:Empress Si of the
228:posthumously known
192:simplified Chinese
1861:
1860:
1550:Empresses dowager
1383:Empress Shangguan
1328:Empresses consort
1278:
1277:
1272:Empress Shangguan
1269:Succeeded by
1236:978-1-4490-0604-4
1082:978-1-317-51562-3
984:The Fated General
915:Emperor Wu of Han
882:, killed in 91 BC
782:Princess Pingyang
722:Emperor Wu of Han
568:sexual attraction
325:Princess Pingyang
185:
184:
173:
172:
107:Emperor Wu of Han
94:9 September 91 BC
73:Empress Shangguan
1921:
1304:
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1251:Preceded by
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821:Crown Prince Wei
788:, also known as
686:, Jiang Chong's
366:Consort Wang Zhi
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38:
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1485:Empress Zhangde
1456:
1427:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1308:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1245:Chinese royalty
1214:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1113:
1109:
1100:dazhang gongzhu
1083:
1068:
1067:
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1049:
1045:
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1021:
1017:
1002:
998:
993:
910:
908:Popular culture
833:Crown Prince Li
805:Princess Dangli
707:
676:
592:
545:
509:extended family
489:
483:Dong Yan (董偃).
381:Baqiao District
350:
317:
262:empress consort
163:Posthumous name
153:
135:
95:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
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1876:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1780:
1777:
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1613:
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1527:
1522:
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1466:
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1420:
1415:
1410:
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1365:
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1327:
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1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
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1275:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1221:
1212:
1196:Zizhi Tongjian
1188:
1165:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:Zizhi Tongjian
1126:
1123:Zizhi Tongjian
1107:
1089:grand princess
1081:
1058:
1043:
1024:
1015:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
976:
963:
952:
939:
930:
917:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
902:
885:
884:
883:
878:and father of
874:(史皇孫), son of
867:Grandchildren
865:
864:
863:
860:
857:
850:
844:
838:
837:
836:
814:
811:
808:
798:
797:
796:
778:Sister-in-law
776:
775:
774:
771:
768:
763:(鄭青), younger
754:
739:
732:
726:
725:
724:
716:
715:
714:
713:Madam Wei (衛媪)
706:
703:
675:
672:
591:
588:
488:
485:
385:Lantian County
349:
346:
316:
313:
276:, the wife of
183:
182:
181:Madam Wei (衛媼)
179:
175:
174:
171:
170:
169:Wei Si Hou 衛思后
166:
165:
159:
158:
146:
145:
137:
136:
134:
133:
128:
127:Princess Zhuyi
125:
124:Princess Shiyi
122:
118:
116:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:Chinese Gējìs
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Consort Liang
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Wang Zhengjun
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
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1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Wang Zhengjun
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
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1508:
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1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
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1473:
1471:
1470:Guo Shengtong
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1448:
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1440:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1421:
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1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Wang Zhengjun
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
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1225:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1187:
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1174:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1154:
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1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:zhang gongzhu
1090:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
990:
985:
981:
978:Portrayed by
977:
974:
973:
968:
965:Portrayed by
964:
961:
957:
954:Portrayed by
953:
950:
949:
944:
941:Portrayed by
940:
937:
936:
931:
928:
927:
922:
918:
916:
912:
911:
907:
900:
896:
892:
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886:
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877:
873:
869:
868:
866:
861:
858:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
841:
839:
834:
830:
826:
825:heir apparent
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
802:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
779:
777:
772:
769:
766:
762:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:Emperor Gaozu
744:
740:
737:
733:
730:
729:
727:
723:
720:
719:
717:
712:
711:
709:
708:
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691:
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673:
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656:
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649:
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637:
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626:
622:
620:
616:
613:
609:
605:
601:
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589:
587:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
554:
547:
544:
539:
537:
532:
530:
529:family honour
526:
522:
521:Hexi Corridor
518:
514:
513:Worthy Prince
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
453:
451:
445:
443:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
395:by routinely
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
286:heir apparent
283:
282:Wanli Emperor
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
241:
237:
235:
229:
225:
219:
215:
209:
201:
193:
189:
180:
176:
167:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
142:
138:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
39:
34:
33:
28:
24:
19:
1884:91 BC deaths
1815:N. Dynasties
1811:S. Dynasties
1771:Consort Song
1525:Empress Song
1510:Liang Nüying
1444:Empress Wang
1423:Empress Wang
1398:Empress Wang
1393:Huo Chengjun
1377:
1260:
1227:
1224:Joseph P Yap
1223:
1216:
1194:
1171:
1160:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
983:
970:
959:
946:
933:
929:(2001–2005).
924:
914:
894:
871:
832:
820:
804:
789:
765:half-brother
760:
735:
698:
695:Emperor Xuan
692:
684:burned alive
677:
665:
657:
645:
640:voodoo dolls
627:
623:
608:contractured
597:
593:
585:
565:
558:
551:
549:
542:
541:
533:
506:
502:crown prince
490:
470:
458:royal guards
454:
446:
430:
393:Emperor Jing
378:
354:Empress Chen
351:
318:
278:Ming dynasty
274:Empress Wang
257:
251:
231:
221:
211:
187:
186:
63:Empress Chen
30:
23:Chinese name
18:
1807:16 Kingdoms
1758:Eastern Han
1735:Western Han
1680:Western Han
1620:Eastern Han
1605:Zhao Feiyan
1557:Western Han
1540:Empress Cao
1515:Deng Mengnü
1490:Empress Yin
1462:Eastern Han
1451:Empress Shi
1434:Xin dynasty
1413:Zhao Feiyan
1358:Empress Dou
1335:Western Han
1320:Han dynasty
1173:Book of Han
1040:Book of Han
1012:Book of Han
956:Wang Luodan
759:(衛青), born
749:'s adviser
680:Emperor Gao
631:witch-hunts
619:Emperor Yao
406:consummated
297:half-sister
266:Han dynasty
150:Family name
59:Predecessor
27:family name
1868:Categories
1799:3 Kingdoms
1748:Lady Gouyi
1530:Empress He
1480:Empress Ma
1418:Empress Fu
1408:Empress Xu
1388:Xu Pingjun
1363:Empress Bo
1353:Empress Lü
1343:Empress Lü
1191:Sima Guang
1186:97, Part 1
1151:References
980:Chen Zihan
943:Zhang Meng
891:Liu Bingyi
880:Liu Bingyi
847:Huo Qubing
786:Emperor Wu
761:Zheng Qing
743:Huo Qubing
699:Wei Si Hou
661:Liu Bingyi
600:Liu Fuling
576:Liu Fuling
572:Consort Li
517:Huo Qubing
487:As Empress
477:Zhang Tang
473:witchcraft
462:Gongsun Ao
433:Cinderella
401:concubines
305:Huo Qubing
293:Liu Bingyi
270:Emperor Wu
258:Wei Si Hou
223:Wei Tzu-fu
218:Wade–Giles
155:Given name
1628:Yin Lihua
1475:Yin Lihua
1373:Chen Jiao
1348:Zhang Yan
1255:Chen Jiao
1157:Sima Qian
1138:Yuan'shou
1119:Yuan'shuo
1008:Yuan'shuo
921:Ning Jing
800:Children
751:Chen Ping
728:Siblings
652:Ying Fusu
561:Sima Qian
536:folk song
426:stableboy
397:procuring
360:from the
342:four arts
309:Huo Guang
157:: Zifu 子夫
69:Successor
1658:Dou Miao
1653:Liang Na
1643:Deng Sui
1580:Wang Zhi
1520:Dou Miao
1505:Liang Na
1495:Deng Sui
1378:Wei Zifu
1368:Wang Zhi
1253:Empress
1199:, vols.
1176:, vols.
1036:Zheng'he
854:Wei Qing
840:Nephews
794:Wei Qing
757:Wei Qing
718:Husband
648:Zhao Gao
636:Xianyang
525:marquess
422:Wei Qing
418:Chang'an
410:handmaid
358:arranged
335:from an
329:Wei Qing
301:Wei Qing
213:Weì Zǐfū
188:Wei Zifu
97:Chang'an
21:In this
1743:Lady Li
1535:Fu Shou
1134:dingmao
1032:gengyin
895:Liu Xun
823:(衛太子),
710:Mother
604:warlock
494:Xiongnu
466:consort
437:tantrum
240:Chinese
152:: Wei 衛
86:Unknown
32:Wei (衛)
1839:W. Xia
1781:Xia →
1648:Yan Ji
1500:Yan Ji
1234:
1168:Ban Gu
1079:
876:Liu Ju
817:Liu Ju
807:(當利公主)
736:Wei Ru
705:Family
580:regent
538:sang:
498:Liu Ju
481:godson
450:Liu An
414:sycees
289:Liu Ju
250::
248:pinyin
242::
234:Filial
220::
210::
208:pinyin
202::
194::
178:Mother
103:Spouse
51:Tenure
25:, the
1783:Shang
1162:Shiji
1115:jiazi
1004:jiazi
991:Notes
835:(戾太子)
829:frame
389:Xi'an
256:) or
244:孝武思皇后
144:Names
114:Issue
1855:Qing
1851:Ming
1847:Yuan
1835:Song
1831:Liao
1823:Tang
1787:Zhou
1232:ISBN
1077:ISBN
668:seal
615:hook
612:jade
492:the
399:new
383:and
321:serf
91:Died
83:Born
1843:Jīn
1819:Sui
1803:Jìn
1795:Han
1791:Qin
553:Wei
387:of
280:'s
230:as
204:衛子夫
196:卫子夫
29:is
1870::
1853:→
1849:→
1845:→
1841:/
1837:/
1833:/
1829:→
1825:→
1821:→
1817:→
1813:/
1809:→
1805:/
1801:→
1797:→
1793:→
1789:→
1785:→
1226:–
1209:22
1207:,
1205:18
1203:,
1201:17
1193:,
1184:,
1182:63
1180:,
1170:,
1159:,
1103:).
1085:.
1061:^
428:.
344:.
311:.
246:;
236:Wu
216:;
206:;
198:;
1453:)
1449:(
1446:)
1442:(
1436:)
1432:(
1303:e
1296:t
1289:v
1211:.
1178:6
1091:(
986:.
975:.
962:.
951:.
938:.
753:)
238:(
190:(
35:.
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