54:
31:
1868:
1810:
Manuella Folly & Silvio Felipe & Silvio Lima, Records and
Descriptions of Epitoniidae (Orthogastropoda: Epitonioidea) from the Deep Sea off Northeastern Brazil and a Checklist of Epitonium and Opalia from the Atlantic Coast of South America; International Journal of Zoology Volume 2012,
397:
The more or less turret-shaped shell consists of tightly-wound (sometimes loosely coiled), convex whorls, which create a high, conical spiral. Fine or microscopic spiral sculpture (also called "striae") is present in many species. The shells sometimes feature an
211:( 19th century authors used indifferently the spellings Janthina / Ianthina and Janthinidae / Ianthinidae. The nomenclaturally valid name is Janthinidae, but the spelling Ianthinidae has remained sporadically in use throughout the 20th century.)
448:
Little is known about the biology of most wentletraps. Keen (1958) has his literature most cited. He observed that many wentletraps reveal a hint of purple body color, suggestive of carnivorous feeding. The animal can exude through its
393:
Most species of wentletrap are white, and have a porcelain-like appearance. They are notable for their intricately geometric shell architecture, and the shells of the larger species are prized by collectors.
425:
of high, sharply ribbed "costae". These costae may offer some protection against other predatory snails, which would find it difficult or impossible to bore a hole in a shell with such obstructions.
414:
and fits the aperture tightly. Most of the species in the family are small to minute, although some are larger, and overall the adult shell length in the family varies between 0.6 and 11.7 cm.
1604:
Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine
Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
2022:
2061:
1996:
2035:
478:
Female wentletraps lay egg capsules that are bound together with a supple string. The young emerge from these capsules as free-swimming
1673:
J. Wyatt Durham (1937). "Gastropods of the family
Epitoniidae from mesozoid and Cenozoic rocks of the West Coast of North America".
2120:
1864:
Miocene
Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
1765:
2040:
2048:
633:
501:
1652:
1957:
1944:
53:
1832:
1701:
2066:
348:), and it means spiral staircase. These snails are sometimes also called "staircase shells", and "ladder shells".
1040:
385:
Wentletraps inhabit all seas and oceans worldwide, from the tropical zones to the Arctic and
Antarctic zones.
1705:
1884:
652:
2097:
1533:
1086:
407:
130:
1962:
2148:
2076:
1983:
1931:
1492:
1053:
529:
1104:
1004:
876:
422:
399:
2125:
1838:
1124:
1094:
1081:
1071:
960:
804:
683:
673:
641:
618:
606:
586:
519:
1827:
1682:
1605:
1035:
973:
930:
899:
794:
693:
403:
151:
48:
1707:
Gladys
Archerd Shell Collection at Washington State University Tri-Cities Natural History Museum
1510:
1114:
1061:
1014:
983:
950:
920:
910:
835:
825:
753:
662:
596:
559:
2102:
846:
575:
467:
A sequence of a wentletrap feeding on an anemone has been published. These snails also prey on
2084:
1970:
1025:
539:
40:
2027:
1922:
733:
2112:
2089:
1631:
331:
1185:
549:
1821:
306:
105:
411:
30:
1294:
856:
450:
352:
321:
2142:
1872:
1636:
1619:
713:
377:
Epitoniidae is a rather large family, with an estimated number of species about 630.
1936:
1975:
1949:
723:
472:
367:
355:
115:
2053:
2009:
1916:
1485:
1464:
1405:
1307:
1146:
965:
940:
743:
461:
434:
371:
359:
1907:
456:
Keen also cited direct observation of a wentletrap feeding by insertion of its
1858:
1135:
703:
628:
406:, but its inner lip is often reduced to strip of callus. The round and horny
95:
1327:
1225:
866:
814:
783:
763:
457:
324:
317:
314:
310:
65:
1863:
891:
1901:
1798:
1048:
993:
886:
85:
1620:"Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)"
453:
a pink or purplish dye that may have an anaesthetic effect on its prey.
1686:
509:
363:
327:
2014:
1471:
1438:
773:
496:
442:
75:
2001:
1878:
1791:
The
Wentletrap Book: A Guide to the Recent Epitoniidae of the World
479:
468:
438:
421:, the type genus of the family, the shell has predominantly axial
1988:
1871:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1882:
1852:
1606:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=132
1842:
1800:
A Master Index to the
Species Names in the Family Epitoniidae
358:. Since 2017 this family also includes the former families
1806:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: privately published. p. 59.
441:, which serve as a food source for them. Some species are
1859:
OBIS Indo-Pacific
Molluscan Database : Epitoniidae
1740:
1738:
1731:. Stanford CA: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 635 pp.
433:
Wentletraps are usually found on sandy bottoms near
1891:
1855:, Wentletrapart International Art Residency Program
1744:Collin, Rachel (2000). "Development and anatomy of
1748:(Carpenter, 1865) (Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)".
490:Genera within the family Epitoniidae include:
402:. Wentletrap shells have a roundish or oval
8:
1109:A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005
758:A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005
748:A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005
1879:
29:
20:
1635:
1789:A. Weil, L. Brown and B. Neville, 1999,
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1700:Burton E. Vaughan, Ph.D., ed. (2014).
351:The family Epitoniidae belongs to the
7:
2077:2235b406-a32d-4e5b-9442-3d10b76cd934
235:B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1920
1729:Sea Shells of Tropical West America
1702:"Family: Epitoniidae (Wentletraps)"
1421:Masahito (Prince) & Habe 1973
1828:Shell catalogue : EPITONIIDAE
1506:Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971
1290:Masahito (Prince) & Habe 1976
305:are small, often white, very high-
14:
1197:de Boury, 1909 : synonym of
370:, all part of the informal group
1866:
1637:10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1666
1624:Records of the Australian Museum
52:
1766:"Conchologists of America List"
1653:"Conchologists of America List"
243:Clench & R. D. Turner, 1952
1522:Mörch, 1852 : synonym of
1:
1768:. University of Georgia. 1999
1542:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
1443:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
1372:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
1359:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
1270:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
1190:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
613:(unaccepted > nomen nudum)
284:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
267:Iredale & McMichael, 1962
1847:Seashells of North Carolina
1811:Article ID 394381, 12 pages
1478:(junior subjective synonym)
1451:Clench & Turner, 1952
2165:
1019:Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
998:Bouchet & Waren, 1986
904:Masahito & Habe, 1975
445:and search for anemones.
157:
150:
143:
138:
49:Scientific classification
47:
37:
28:
23:
1793:, Mal de Mer Enterprises
978:H. & A. Adams, 1853
554:H. & A. Adams, 1853
1797:Neville, Bruce (1997).
1675:Journal of Paleontology
1655:. University of Georgia
1392:Kuroda & Ito, 1961
566:(possibly a synonym of
1727:Keen, A. Myra (1958).
611:Higo & Goto, 1993
2098:Paleobiology Database
1618:Beu, Alan G. (2017).
344:originated in Dutch (
1054:Petit de la Saussaye
16:Family of gastropods
1577: : synonym of
1564: : synonym of
1551: : synonym of
1538: : synonym of
1499:(uncertain synonym)
1453: : synonym of
1423: : synonym of
1410: : synonym of
1394: : synonym of
1381: : synonym of
1368: : synonym of
1355: : synonym of
1342: : synonym of
1312: : synonym of
1279: : synonym of
1266: : synonym of
1253: : synonym of
1240: : synonym of
1210: : synonym of
366:purple snails) and
1746:Nitidiscala tincta
945:H. J. Finlay, 1926
220:(unavailable name)
196:Berry, 1910 (1812)
2136:
2135:
2085:Open Tree of Life
1885:Taxon identifiers
1651:Art Weil (1999).
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1477:
1468:
1452:
1444:
1435:
1422:
1409:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1333:
1324:
1311:
1300:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1209:
1191:
1182:
1160:
1152:
1141:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1020:
1010:
999:
989:
979:
969:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
905:
895:
882:
872:
862:
852:
841:
831:
820:
810:
800:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
709:
699:
689:
679:
668:
658:
647:
637:
624:
612:
602:
592:
581:
565:
555:
545:
544:(H. Adams, 1861)
535:
525:
515:
505:
417:Within the genus
389:Shell description
300:
299:
294:
285:
277:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
219:
205:
197:
189:
181:
173:
165:
134:
41:Epitonium scalare
2156:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2056:
2054:NHMSYS0021055292
2044:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2017:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1807:
1805:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:on 24 April 2011
1602:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1532:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1463:
1450:
1442:
1433:
1420:
1404:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1352:
1339:
1331:
1322:
1306:
1298:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1208:Jousseaume 1912
1207:
1189:
1180:
1158:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1029:
1018:
1008:
997:
987:
977:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
903:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
839:
829:
818:
808:
798:
787:
777:
767:
757:
747:
737:
727:
717:
707:
697:
687:
677:
666:
656:
645:
632:
622:
610:
600:
590:
579:
563:
553:
543:
533:
523:
513:
500:
292:
283:
275:
266:
259:Jousseaume, 1912
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
217:
204:Jousseaume, 1912
203:
195:
187:
180:Jousseaume, 1912
179:
172:Jousseaume, 1912
171:
163:
129:
57:
56:
33:
21:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1887:
1867:
1818:
1803:
1796:
1786:
1784:Further reading
1781:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1764:
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1759:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1549:de Boury, 1909
1323:de Boury 1909
1264:de Boury 1889
1251:de Boury, 1909
1173:
1168:
1159:Kuroda MS, 1960
1151:de Boury, 1909
1009:Gerasimov, 1992
935:Nakayama, 1994
871:de Boury, 1887
819:de Boury, 1890
718:de Boury, 1909
667:de Boury, 1909
580:Whitfield, 1892
488:
431:
391:
383:
185:Clathroscalinae
177:Cirsotrematinae
128:
106:Caenogastropoda
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2117:
2107:
2094:
2081:
2071:
2058:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1913:
1897:
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1817:
1816:External links
1814:
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1812:
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1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1757:
1734:
1719:
1692:
1681:(6): 479–512.
1665:
1643:
1630:(3): 119–222.
1610:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:de Boury 1909
1569:
1562:de Boury 1909
1556:
1543:
1527:
1517:
1515:de Boury, 1909
1500:
1479:
1458:
1445:
1434:de Boury 1889
1428:
1415:
1399:
1398:de Boury, 1909
1386:
1379:de Boury 1909
1373:
1360:
1347:
1340:de Boury 1912
1334:
1317:
1301:
1299:Cossmann, 1912
1295:Gregorioiscala
1287:Compressiscala
1284:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1244:de Boury, 1909
1238:de Boury 1909
1232:
1221:de Boury, 1909
1215:
1202:
1192:
1181:H. Adams, 1860
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1153:
1143:
1140:de Boury, 1890
1131:
1129:de Boury, 1911
1121:
1119:de Boury, 1887
1111:
1105:Surrepifungium
1101:
1099:de Boury, 1909
1091:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1030:Cossmann, 1912
1021:
1011:
1005:Plicacerithium
1000:
990:
980:
970:
957:
947:
937:
927:
925:de Boury, 1909
917:
906:
896:
883:
881:Jeffreys, 1883
873:
863:
861:Cossman, 1912
857:Gregorioiscala
853:
842:
840:de Boury, 1909
832:
830:Kollmann, 2005
821:
811:
801:
799:de Boury, 1887
790:
788:de Boury, 1911
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
698:de Boury, 1909
690:
680:
678:de Boury, 1909
669:
659:
648:
646:de Boury, 1890
638:
625:
623:de Boury, 1886
614:
603:
593:
591:de Boury, 1887
582:
571:
556:
546:
536:
534:Strand, 1928
526:
516:
514:H. Adams, 1860
506:
492:
487:
484:
451:salivary gland
430:
427:
390:
387:
382:
379:
298:
297:
296:
295:
287:
278:
270:
261:
256:Papyriscalinae
253:
251:Cossmann, 1912
245:
237:
229:
221:
212:
206:
198:
190:
188:Cossmann, 1912
182:
174:
166:
164:Cossmann, 1912
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2161:
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2147:
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2033:
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2020:
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2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1873:public domain
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:WentletrapArt
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:, Wentletraps
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1755:(4): 302-312.
1754:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1688:
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1654:
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1638:
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1611:
1607:
1601:
1599:
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1586:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1508:: synonym of
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:: synonym of
1487:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1469:: synonym of
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1436:: synonym of
1432:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:Cylindriscala
1390:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1337:Foliaceiscala
1335:
1330:
1329:
1325:: synonym of
1321:
1320:Depressiscala
1318:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:: synonym of
1288:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:: synonym of
1219:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:: synonym of
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:Kilburn, 1985
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:Iredale, 1936
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:
991:
986:
985:
981:
976:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:
958:
955:Taviani, 1984
953:
952:
948:
943:
942:
938:
933:
932:
928:
923:
922:
918:
913:
912:
907:
902:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
851:Marwick, 1943
849:
848:
843:
838:
837:
833:
828:
827:
822:
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
802:
797:
796:
791:
786:
785:
781:
776:
775:
771:
768:Röding, 1798
766:
765:
761:
756:
755:
751:
746:
745:
741:
736:
735:
731:
726:
725:
721:
716:
715:
714:Cylindriscala
711:
706:
705:
701:
696:
695:
691:
688:Bartsch 1909
686:
685:
681:
676:
675:
670:
665:
664:
660:
657:Agassiz, 1837
655:
654:
649:
644:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
626:
621:
620:
615:
609:
608:
604:
601:Thiele, 1928
599:
598:
594:
589:
588:
583:
578:
577:
572:
569:
564:Kobelt, 1902
562:
561:
557:
552:
551:
547:
542:
541:
537:
532:
531:
527:
522:
521:
517:
512:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:
494:
493:
491:
485:
483:
481:
476:
474:
473:coelenterates
470:
465:
463:
459:
454:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
388:
386:
380:
378:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
293:Pilsbry, 1945
291:
288:
282:
279:
276:Lamarck, 1812
274:
271:
269:(nomen nudum)
265:
262:
257:
254:
249:
246:
241:
238:
233:
232:Lioatlantinae
230:
227:Lamarck, 1822
225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
207:
202:
199:
194:
191:
186:
183:
178:
175:
170:
167:
162:
159:
158:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
137:
133:, 1910 (1812)
132:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
112:Superfamily:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1892:
1846:
1843:NC Sea Grant
1824:, Britannica
1799:
1790:
1770:. Retrieved
1760:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1728:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1706:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1646:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1581:Röding, 1798
1578:
1571:
1568:Röding, 1798
1565:
1559:Turbiniscala
1558:
1555:Röding, 1798
1552:
1545:
1539:
1529:
1526:Röding, 1798
1523:
1519:
1509:
1502:
1497:Strand, 1928
1491:
1481:
1470:
1460:
1457:Thiele, 1928
1454:
1447:
1437:
1430:
1427:Röding, 1798
1424:
1418:Nipponoscala
1417:
1414:Röding, 1798
1411:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1385:Röding, 1798
1382:
1375:
1369:
1366:Azuma 1972
1363:Fragilopalia
1362:
1356:
1350:Fragiliscala
1349:
1346:Röding, 1798
1343:
1336:
1332:Röding, 1798
1326:
1319:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1283:Röding, 1798
1280:
1273:
1267:
1261:Clathroscala
1260:
1257:Röding, 1798
1254:
1248:Cirratiscala
1247:
1241:
1234:
1230:Röding, 1798
1224:
1217:
1214:Röding, 1798
1211:
1204:
1201:Röding, 1798
1198:
1194:
1184:
1177:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1134:
1125:Tumidiacirsa
1123:
1113:
1103:
1095:Striatiscala
1093:
1082:Sthenorhytis
1080:
1072:Rutelliscala
1070:
1060:
1047:
1034:
1024:
1013:
1003:
992:
988:Thiele, 1928
982:
972:
961:Narvaliscala
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
915:Guzhov, 2006
909:
898:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
834:
824:
813:
805:Fragilopalia
803:
793:
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
732:
724:Ecclesiogyra
722:
712:
702:
692:
684:Couthouyella
682:
674:Confusiscala
672:
661:
651:
642:Clathroscala
640:
627:
619:Circuloscala
617:
607:Cingulacirsa
605:
595:
587:Cerithiscala
585:
574:
567:
558:
548:
538:
528:
520:Acrilloscala
518:
508:
495:
489:
477:
466:
455:
447:
435:sea anemones
432:
418:
416:
396:
392:
384:
381:Distribution
376:
368:Nystiellidae
356:Epitonioidea
350:
345:
341:
339:
334:
302:
301:
289:
280:
272:
263:
255:
247:
240:Nystiellidae
239:
231:
223:
214:
208:
201:Gyroscalinae
200:
192:
184:
176:
168:
160:
144:
125:
116:Epitonioidea
39:
18:
2149:Epitoniidae
2010:iNaturalist
1950:Epitoniidae
1937:Epitoniidae
1923:Epitoniidae
1917:Wikispecies
1893:Epitoniidae
1849:Field Guide
1833:Epitoniidae
1750:The Veliger
1572:Viciniscala
1503:Sagamiscala
1476:Mörch, 1857
1461:Plastiscala
1389:Lampropalia
1376:Glabriscala
1353:Azuma 1962
1316:Mörch, 1852
1304:Dannevigena
1242:Asperiscala
1235:Cinctiscala
1218:Asperiscala
1163:nomen nudum
1156:Varicopalia
1147:Variciscala
1036:Punctiscala
941:Murdochella
931:Minabescala
900:Kurodacirsa
809:Azuma, 1972
795:Foratiscala
778:Risso, 1826
744:Epidendrium
738:Gray, 1842
728:Dall, 1892
694:Crebriscala
524:Sacco 1891
462:sea anemone
412:paucispiral
372:Ptenoglossa
360:Janthinidae
353:superfamily
335:Epitoniidae
303:Wentletraps
290:Stenacmidae
273:Scalariidae
264:Recluziidae
224:Janthinidae
218:Leach, 1847
209:Ianthinidae
193:Epitoniinae
126:Epitoniidae
38:A shell of
24:Wentletrap
1822:wentletrap
1772:2009-03-23
1713:2018-08-15
1659:2009-03-23
1587:References
1546:Spiniscala
1511:Globiscala
1482:Problitora
1455:Opaliopsis
1314:Cirsotrema
1277:Oken 1815
1205:Amiciscala
1195:Acutiscala
1136:Turriscala
1115:Tenuiscala
1062:Rectacirsa
1015:Propescala
984:Opaliopsis
951:Narrimania
921:Mammiscala
911:Liapinella
836:Globiscala
826:Gibboscala
754:Epifungium
708:Dall, 1889
704:Cycloscala
663:Claviscala
629:Cirsotrema
597:Chuniscala
568:Cirsotrema
560:Boreoscala
471:and other
346:wenteltrap
342:wentletrap
318:sea snails
169:Acrillinae
102:Subclass:
96:Gastropoda
1579:Epitonium
1566:Epitonium
1553:Epitonium
1524:Epitonium
1448:Nystiella
1431:Nodiscala
1425:Epitonium
1412:Epitonium
1402:Mazescala
1383:Epitonium
1344:Epitonium
1328:Epitonium
1281:Epitonium
1255:Epitonium
1226:Epitonium
1212:Epitonium
1199:Epitonium
867:Gyroscala
847:Goniscala
815:Funiscala
784:Filiscala
764:Epitonium
576:Cavoscala
458:proboscis
423:sculpture
419:Epitonium
408:operculum
400:umbilicus
340:The word
325:gastropod
315:parasitic
311:predatory
286:(synonym)
248:Opaliinae
161:Acirsinae
145:See text
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
2143:Category
1989:51382952
1908:Q1637313
1902:Wikidata
1493:Alexania
1274:Clathrus
1171:Synonyms
1049:Recluzia
1041:Philippi
1026:Proscala
994:Periapta
887:Janthina
653:Clathrus
530:Alexania
443:foragers
404:aperture
328:mollusks
281:Scalidae
215:Iodeidae
152:Synonyms
122:Family:
86:Mollusca
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
1687:1298354
1536:, 1865
1530:Scalina
1488:, 1931
1486:Iredale
1467:, 1936
1465:Iredale
1406:Iredale
1308:Iredale
1178:Acrilla
1043:, 1844
968:, 1936
966:Iredale
877:Iphitus
734:Eglisia
636:, 1852
510:Acrilla
504:, 1857
460:into a
429:Ecology
364:pelagic
330:in the
313:or ecto
139:Genera
92:Class:
2113:501673
2110:uBio:
2090:947611
2074:NZOR:
2028:104285
2015:122558
1685:
1534:Conrad
1472:Acirsa
1439:Opalia
1087:Conrad
1056:, 1853
974:Opalia
894:, 1798
892:Röding
774:Eulima
497:Acirsa
486:Genera
480:larvae
469:corals
439:corals
332:family
322:marine
307:spired
2121:WoRMS
2103:60263
2067:69584
2041:72232
2023:IRMNG
1976:7NHHT
1804:(PDF)
1683:JSTOR
1540:Amaea
1520:Scala
1408:1936
1370:Amaea
1357:Amaea
1310:1936
1268:Amaea
1186:Amaea
1089:1862
634:Mörch
550:Amaea
540:Alora
502:Mörch
362:(the
131:Berry
2062:NCBI
2036:ITIS
2002:2673
1997:GBIF
1958:BOLD
2126:132
2049:NBN
1984:EoL
1971:CoL
1963:820
1945:AFD
1932:ADW
1632:doi
437:or
410:is
2145::
2123::
2100::
2087::
2064::
2051::
2038::
2025::
2012::
1999::
1986::
1973::
1960::
1947::
1934::
1919::
1904::
1845:,
1753:43
1737:^
1704:.
1679:11
1677:.
1628:69
1626:.
1622:.
1595:^
1133:â€
1023:â€
1002:â€
908:â€
844:â€
823:â€
792:â€
671:â€
650:â€
616:â€
584:â€
573:â€
482:.
475:.
464:.
374:.
337:.
320:,
309:,
1875:.
1775:.
1716:.
1689:.
1662:.
1640:.
1634::
1165:)
1161:(
1142:â€
570:)
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