1645:
461:
286:
P. Haupt (1878) first recognized that the qatala past tense found in West
Semitic was an innovation, and that the Akkadian prefixed past tense must be archaic. It was F. Hommel, however, who recognized the implications of this for the subgrouping of Semitic; cf. Hommel(1883: 63, 442; 1892: 92–97;
216:
is debated. In older classifications, it is grouped with the South
Semitic languages. However, Hetzron and Huehnergard connect it more closely with the Northwest Semitic languages, to form
316:
1686:
493:
1061:
1018:
993:
1051:
1036:
1046:
443:
414:
387:
360:
1081:
1076:
1008:
465:
1725:
1705:
1679:
1013:
1003:
486:
1276:
326:
303:
Die semitischen Volker und
Sprachen als erster Versuch einer Encyclopadie der semitischen Sprach- und Alterthums-Wissenschaft
148:
998:
908:
318:
The Balaam Text from Deir ʻAlla Re-evaluated: Proceedings of the
International Symposium Held at Leiden, 21–24 August 1989
1071:
1056:
1710:
1579:
1066:
775:
168:
1720:
1672:
929:
922:
479:
1715:
1495:
1287:
882:
858:
845:
581:
561:
526:
217:
81:
985:
1329:
1266:
876:
531:
209:
86:
967:
707:
544:
516:
191:
1623:
1226:
951:
634:
620:
606:
55:
1292:
220:. Some Semiticists continue to argue for the older classification, based on the distinctive feature of
1550:
685:
1564:
1233:
1176:
1104:
1090:
961:
756:
717:
156:
1407:
1297:
434:
Faber, Alice (2013) . "Genetic
Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.).
1652:
1536:
1361:
1240:
1113:
938:
896:
761:
554:
502:
439:
410:
383:
356:
322:
248:
213:
208:
Ethiopic and South
Arabian show particular common features, and are often grouped together as
202:
184:
152:
122:
60:
1644:
1616:
1571:
1557:
1390:
1349:
1312:
1217:
1203:
1169:
1139:
1120:
915:
889:
864:
840:
814:
807:
747:
730:
702:
678:
570:
404:
377:
350:
277:
198:
195:
180:
176:
164:
141:
1584:
1490:
1464:
1395:
1307:
1247:
1155:
1148:
1132:
1126:
973:
869:
735:
725:
172:
160:
133:
50:
1656:
1544:
1500:
1470:
1453:
1447:
1354:
1302:
1183:
1023:
851:
261:
137:
107:
1699:
1480:
1475:
1399:
1161:
741:
302:
281:
221:
1423:
298:
126:
980:
800:
225:
43:
662:
613:
144:
divides the
Semitic language family into two branches: Eastern and Western.
627:
438:. Routledge language family descriptions. London: Routledge. pp. 3–15.
100:
17:
460:
1344:
1210:
669:
655:
641:
1386:
821:
784:
648:
147:
The West
Semitic languages consist of the clearly defined sub-groups:
1590:
590:
229:
471:
265:
475:
212:. The proper classification of Arabic with respect to other
249:
The
Semitic Languages: An International Handbook, Chapter V
315:
Hoftijzer, Jacob; Kooij, Gerrit Van der (January 1991).
1660:
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1337:
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1195:
1103:
950:
831:
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695:
598:
589:
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509:
228:was a Northwest Semitic language spoken in ancient
99:
94:
75:
49:
37:
32:
403:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na’ama (2013-10-08).
379:The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook
349:Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na’ama (2013-10-08).
1680:
487:
8:
1687:
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1374:
1334:
1325:
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789:
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595:
586:
494:
480:
472:
266:"The subgrouping of the Semitic languages"
241:
125:. The term was first coined in 1883 by
276:(1). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 61–84.
29:
121:are a proposed major sub-grouping of
74:
7:
1641:
1639:
344:
342:
340:
338:
1622:Languages between parentheses are
25:
224:. Some linguists also argue that
1643:
459:
382:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 2.
282:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2007.00044.x
270:Language and Linguistics Compass
376:Weninger, Stefan (2011-12-23).
1626:of the language on their left.
1:
1659:. You can help Knowledge by
194:, meanwhile, consist of the
1742:
1638:
132:The grouping supported by
27:Group of Semitic Languages
1608:
51:Linguistic classification
1619:or historical languages.
409:. Routledge. p. 5.
355:. Routledge. p. 6.
1726:Semitic language stubs
1706:West Semitic languages
1655:-related article is a
466:West Semitic languages
192:East Semitic languages
119:West Semitic languages
909:Christian Palestinian
621:Ancient North Arabian
436:The Semitic languages
406:The Semitic Languages
352:The Semitic Languages
1009:Koy Sanjaq Christian
686:Pre-classical Arabic
468:at Wikimedia Commons
149:Modern South Arabian
852:Ashurian and Hatran
1711:1883 introductions
923:Jewish Palestinian
179:, and the extinct
1721:Semitic languages
1668:
1667:
1653:Semitic languages
1633:
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1603:
1600:
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1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1099:
1098:
1062:Koy Sanjaq Jewish
859:Jewish Babylonian
770:
769:
503:Semitic languages
464:Media related to
445:978-0-415-41266-7
416:978-1-136-11580-6
389:978-3-11-025158-6
362:978-1-136-11580-6
214:Semitic languages
169:Northwest Semitic
153:Old South Arabian
123:Semitic languages
115:
114:
16:(Redirected from
1733:
1716:1880s neologisms
1689:
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1647:
1640:
1375:
1335:
1326:
1272:
1140:northern dialect
815:Biblical Aramaic
808:Imperial Aramaic
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679:Nabataean Arabic
596:
587:
562:Canaano-Akkadian
496:
489:
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142:John Huehnergard
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1731:
1730:
1696:
1695:
1694:
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1636:
1634:
1629:
1596:
1523:
1432:
1379:
1366:
1317:
1278:
1253:
1191:
1095:
1037:Urmia Christian
953:
946:
833:
827:
766:
726:Egyptian Arabic
712:
708:Modern Standard
691:
576:
538:
505:
500:
456:
446:
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424:
417:
402:
401:
397:
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336:
329:
314:
313:
309:
297:
293:
260:
259:
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247:
243:
238:
218:Central Semitic
106:
105:
82:Central Semitic
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1648:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
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1503:
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1332:
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1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
983:
978:
977:
976:
971:
958:
956:
948:
947:
945:
944:
943:
942:
935:
934:
933:
926:
919:
912:
900:
893:
879:
874:
873:
872:
867:
862:
855:
843:
837:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
822:Middle Aramaic
818:
811:
804:
796:
794:
787:
778:
772:
771:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
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733:
728:
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718:Dialect groups
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638:
631:
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593:
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222:broken plurals
138:Robert Hetzron
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95:Language codes
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1330:Ethio-Semitic
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1324:
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1311:
1309:
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1212:
1208:
1207:
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1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
988:
987:
984:
982:
979:
975:
972:
970:
969:
965:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
949:
941:
940:
936:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
898:
894:
892:
891:
887:
886:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:Judeo-Aramaic
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
848:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
830:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
797:
795:
791:
788:
786:
782:
779:
777:
773:
763:
760:
758:
755:
749:
746:
745:
744:
743:
742:Siculo-Arabic
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
719:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
694:
688:
687:
683:
681:
680:
676:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
650:
646:
644:
643:
639:
637:
636:
632:
630:
629:
625:
624:
623:
622:
618:
616:
615:
611:
609:
608:
604:
603:
601:
597:
594:
592:
588:
585:
583:
579:
573:
572:
568:
564:
563:
559:
558:
557:
556:
552:
551:
549:
547:
546:
541:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
512:
508:
504:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
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467:
462:
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287:1926: 75–82).
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267:
263:
257:
254:
250:
245:
242:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:South Semitic
206:
204:
200:
197:
193:
188:
187:languages).
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
109:
104:
102:
98:
93:
88:
87:South Semitic
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
54:
52:
48:
45:
42:
36:
31:
19:
1661:expanding it
1650:
1635:
1612:
1589:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1463:
1446:
1404:East Gurage
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1154:
1147:
1138:
1131:
1119:
1112:
1077:Urmia Jewish
986:Northeastern
966:
937:
928:
921:
914:
907:
902:
895:
888:
881:
857:
850:
820:
813:
806:
799:
757:Mesopotamian
740:
684:
677:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
607:Proto-Arabic
605:
569:
560:
553:
543:
521:
435:
405:
398:
378:
371:
351:
317:
310:
299:Fritz Hommel
294:
285:
273:
269:
256:
244:
207:
189:
146:
131:
127:Fritz Hommel
118:
116:
76:Subdivisions
66:West Semitic
65:
56:Afro-Asiatic
40:distribution
33:West Semitic
18:West Semitic
1551:Hadramautic
1537:Old Arabian
1476:West Gurage
1400:East Gurage
1279:ern Arabian
981:Neo-Mandaic
903:Palestinian
801:Old Aramaic
226:Eteocypriot
205:languages.
163:(including
134:Semiticists
44:Middle East
1700:Categories
1580:Rijal Alma
1565:Qatabanian
1234:Himyaritic
1177:Phoenician
990:Christian
793:Historical
762:Peninsular
663:Taymanitic
614:Old Arabic
599:Historical
328:9004093176
251:, page 425
236:References
38:Geographic
1624:varieties
1615:indicate
1496:Sebat Bet
1460:Tt-group
1275:Eastern (
1227:Deir Alla
1105:Canaanite
1072:Trans-Zab
1057:Inter-Zab
939:Palmyrene
930:Samaritan
897:Nabataean
776:Northwest
731:Levantine
703:Classical
628:Dadanitic
321:. BRILL.
101:Glottolog
1572:Awsanian
1443:N-group
1362:Tigrinya
1241:Samalian
1218:Galilean
1211:Ugaritic
1156:Medieval
1149:Mishnaic
1133:Biblical
1114:Ammonite
1067:Sanandaj
1052:Betanure
1031:Chaldean
1028:Assyrian
1014:Qaraqosh
1004:Hértevin
916:Galilean
890:Lebanese
736:Maghrebi
696:Literary
670:Thamudic
656:Safaitic
642:Hasaitic
635:Dumaitic
555:Akkadian
510:Branches
305:, (1883)
264:(2008).
203:Akkadian
185:Ugaritic
157:Ethiopic
108:west2786
1617:extinct
1613:Italics
1558:Minaean
1485:Endegen
1412:Inneqor
1391:Argobba
1387:Amharic
1350:Dahalik
1322:Western
1313:Soqotri
1293:Ḥarsusi
1288:Baṭḥari
1204:Amorite
1170:Moabite
1121:Edomite
1091:Western
1047:Barzani
1043:Jewish
962:Central
954:Aramaic
883:Western
865:Mandaic
846:Eastern
841:Armazic
832:Dialect
785:Aramaic
748:Maltese
649:Hismaic
582:Central
571:Eblaite
527:Central
428:Sources
199:Eblaite
196:extinct
181:Amorite
177:Aramaic
167:), and
165:Maltese
61:Semitic
1591:Sabaic
1585:Razihi
1491:Mesqan
1465:Mesmes
1418:Wolane
1415:Ulbare
1408:Siltʼe
1396:Harari
1380:versal
1378:Trans-
1308:Shehri
1298:Hobyot
1248:Sutean
1196:Others
1162:Modern
1127:Hebrew
1019:Senaya
999:Bohtan
994:Barwar
974:Turoyo
968:Mlaḥsô
870:Syriac
834:groups
591:Arabic
442:
413:
386:
359:
325:
230:Cyprus
173:Hebrew
161:Arabic
1651:This
1545:Faifi
1514:Gyeto
1508:Gumer
1501:Chaha
1471:Muher
1454:Soddo
1448:Gafat
1437:Outer
1371:South
1355:Tigre
1345:Geʽez
1338:North
1303:Mehri
1267:South
1184:Punic
1082:Zakho
1024:Suret
532:South
136:like
1657:stub
1511:Gura
1505:Ezha
1481:Inor
1277:Mod-
952:Neo-
545:East
522:West
517:East
440:ISBN
411:ISBN
384:ISBN
357:ISBN
323:ISBN
201:and
190:The
183:and
140:and
117:The
1424:Zay
278:doi
1702::
337:^
301:,
284:.
272:.
268:.
232:.
175:,
159:,
155:,
151:,
129:.
1688:e
1681:t
1674:v
1663:.
1398:–
1389:–
1281:)
495:e
488:t
481:v
448:.
419:.
392:.
365:.
331:.
280::
274:2
20:)
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