28:
89:(1882), in almost all cases, it followed the Alexandrian text (which critical scholars agree is the most reliable text-type) with the few exceptions that use these Western non-interpolations instead. According to Westcott and Hort, on some rare occasions Western textual witnesses have preserved the original text, against all other witnesses.
716:(1996) claimed that Westcott and Hort's observations still largely held merit, although he suggested that a better term for the alleged longer readings would be "non-Western interpolations". He made a case that most (but not all) of the longer readings in non-Western witnesses had an anti-
709:
did the same. In 1968, "the editorial committee (or more precisely its majority) decided to abandon the theories of
Westcott-Hort and the Western non-interpolations." Since 1968 they are included in the main text, but marked with brackets.
347:
Westcott and Hort concluded that the shorter
Western reading of these twelve passages were possibly in the original text of the New Testament, but it is more likely that they emerged later as a shortening of the original (longer) text:
102:
Westcott and Hort concluded that the shorter
Western reading of these nine passages (eight in the Gospel of Luke, one in the Gospel of Matthew) were probably in the original text of the New Testament:
448:
Westcott and Hort concluded that, although these six passages are shorter in the
Western text-type, the longer versions were very likely in the original text of the New Testament:
705:
The "Western non-interpolations" were not included in the main text of
Westcott-Hort edition (1881), but were instead moved to the footnotes. The editions of Nestle and
720:
character. This might be the reason why they were deleted by docetic
Christians in Western manuscripts, but more likely, why they were added to non-Western texts by (
65:
is a combination of those two. Nevertheless, the
Western text is in certain places shorter than the Alexandrian text. All these shorter readings Hort named
909:
83:
and F. J. A. Hort concluded that these shorter readings in
Western manuscripts represented the authentic original Biblical text. When they printed
778:
206:
85:
745:
76:
61:
is generally terse or concise; the
Western text-type is larger and paraphrased at places (using more words to convey a similar meaning); the
672:
866:, "A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament", 1994,
643:
854:, "The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament",
736:
have refuted Hort's hypothesis, Ehrman concluded they are in line with what Hort expected, and don't undermine his argument.
154:
877:
Defending the "Western non-interpolations": The case for an anti-separationnist
Tendenz in the longer Alexandrian readings
235:
437:
218:
214:
134:
126:
796:
The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament
721:
433:
282:
278:
935:
142:
130:
773:
682:
46:
724:) anti-docetic Christians at a very early stage (before the end of the 2nd century). Whereas scholars such as
856:
799:
868:
750:
569:
517:
557:
538:
186:
182:
58:
769:
614:
529:
266:
166:
80:
525:
394:
Luke 10:41–42 – instead μεριμνας και θορυβαζη περι πολλα, ολιγων (ενος) δε εστιν χρεια Μαριαμ γαρ (
202:
178:
162:
62:
919:
606:
592:
513:
328:
314:
250:
239:
210:
146:
521:
310:
194:
158:
106:
50:
31:
900:
887:
863:
270:
254:
118:
471:), or προσελθοντες οι Φαρισαιοι (word order varies), omitted by D, a, b, d, k, r, syr (syr)
729:
610:
602:
429:
357:
262:
190:
174:
17:
851:
791:
713:
618:
546:
464:
227:
138:
114:
71:
352:
Matt. 9:34 – οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον ἐν τᾡ ἂρχωντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια (
929:
634:
581:
577:
505:
501:
497:
274:
222:
170:
111:
the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood
54:
706:
658:
561:
509:
368:
109:
27:49 – ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἔνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα (
396:
you are worried and troubled about many things, but not much (one thing) is needed
221:, arm, geo); it was omitted also in late witness of the Alexandrian text-type in
573:
565:
493:
415:
364:
258:
150:
69:. Because New Testament scholars have generally preferred the shorter reading –
920:
Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe, the Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels, with ...
733:
725:
666:
198:
402:) with (D has Μαριαμ) (a, b, d, e, ff, i, l, r, syr, Ambrose omit θορυβαζη)
717:
690:
662:
628:
372:
657:), omitted by D, a, b, r, bam, ful**, harl*, kar, mon, reg, val*, pesh,
391:
Luke 5:39 – entire verse omitted by D, a, b, c, d, e, ff, l, r (syr syr)
694:
625:
597:
Rom. 16:20 – η χαρις του κυριου ημων Ιησου (Χριστου) μεθ υμων omitted (
354:
But the Pharisees said, "He casts out demons by the ruler of the demons
305:
Luke 24:40 – καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας (
57:
manuscripts, but present in one of the two major other text-types. The
638:
376:
145:, 1010, 1293, syr, eth, but is omitted by all other texts, including
782:, vol. II (Cambridge and London, 1881; 2nd ed., 1896), pp. 175-177.
26:
230:
22:19b-20 – τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον... τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυννόμενον (
234:), omitted by D, a, (b, e have a different word order) d, ff,
584:, a, d, e, ff, r, sin, geo, Irenaeus, Clement (hiat, b, syr)
535:
Matt. 13:33 – ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς omitted by D, d, (k), sin, syr
307:
and when He said this, He showed them His hands and His feet
338:), omitted by D, a, b, d, e, ff, l (hiat r), sin (syr), geo
882:
J. K. Elliot, "The Case for Thoroughgoing Eclectism", in
295:
Luke 24:12 – entire verse omitted by D, a, b, d, e, l, r
27:
650:), omitted by b, Ambrosiaster, Irenaeus, Tertullian?
418:
does not appear to leave space) a, b, e, ff, i, l, r
478:), omitted by D, a, b, c, d, e, ff, l, r, arm, geo
424:John 4:9 – ου γαρ συγχρωνται Ιουδαιοι Σαμαριταις (
343:Twelve possible but improbable non-interpolations
812:
810:
808:
653:1 Cor. 15:15 – ειπερ αρα νεκροι ουκ εγειρονται (
679:), by D*, F, G, a, b, d, f, (429?) Ambrosiaster
408:Luke 12:21 – entire verse omitted by D, a, b, d
292:), omitted by D, a, b, d, e, ff, l, r, arm, geo
232:which is given for you... which is shed for you
685:5:19 – εκτος ει μη επι δυο η τριων μαρτυρων (
599:The grace of our Lord Jesus (Christ) with you
8:
319:Luke 24:51 – καὶ ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν (
34:'s chapter on Western non-interpolations in
298:Luke 24:36 – καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς εἰρήνη ὑμῖν (
49:for certain phrases that are absent in the
884:Rethinking New Testament Textual Criticism
732:have maintained that new findings such as
675:10:12-13 – ου συνιασιν. ημεις δε omitted (
288:Luke 24:6 – οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε, ἀλλ(ὰ) ἠγέρθη (
914:A Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels
388:), omitted by D, a, b, c, d, ff, k, (syr)
633:Rom. 16:25-27 – verses omitted by F, G,
549:*, d, r, am, pesh, sa, arm, Ambrosiaster
327:*, D, a, b, d, e, ff, l, (hiat r), sin (
860:, New York - Oxford, 1996, pp. 223–227.
779:The New Testament in the Original Greek
762:
701:Influence on the New Testament editions
309:), omitted by D, a, b, d, e, ff, l, r,
86:The New Testament in the Original Greek
414:Luke 22:62 – entire verse omitted by (
363:Matt. 21:44 – entire verse omitted by
872:, London & New York, pp. 164–166.
746:Textual variants in the New Testament
591:), omitted by F, G, g, Ambrosiaster,
426:Jews have no dealings with Samaritans
302:), omitted by D, a, b, d, e, ff, l, r
285:, syr have του Ιησου but omit κυριου)
7:
384:Mark 14:39 – τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον εἰπών (
890:, Baker Academic 2006, pp. 115–116.
488:Matt. 6:15 – τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν (
334:Luke 24:52 – προσκυνήσαντες αὐτὸν (
687:except from two or three witnesses
93:Alleged Western non-interpolations
25:
905:Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
552:Matt. 23:26 – καὶ τῆς παροψίδος (
483:Other possible non-interpolations
444:Six improbable non-interpolations
113:), this reading was derived from
825:Kurt Aland & Barbara Aland,
98:Nine probable non-interpolations
838:Ehrman (1996), p. 223–226, 261.
689:), omitted by b, Ambrosiaster,
655:if in fact the dead do not rise
467:10:2 – προσελθοντες Φαρισαιοι (
901:The Western Non-Interpolations
587:Rom. 10:21 – και αντιλεγοντα (
474:Luke 24:9 – απο του μνημειου (
428:), omitted by א*, D, a, b, d,
371:, a, b, d, e, ff, ff, r, syr,
300:and said to them: Peace to you
245:Luke 24:3 – τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ (
1:
827:The Text of the New Testament
290:He is not here, but is risen!
879:JBL 124 (2005), pp. 269–294.
829:, Wm. Eerdmans 1995, p. 33.
564:, Byz, cop; but omitted by
952:
922:(London 1904), p. 228-232.
910:Western non-interpolations
360:, sin, Hilary (hiat e syr)
321:and carried up into heaven
67:Western non-interpolations
43:Western non-interpolations
677:are not wise. We, however
242:(syr omits only verse 20)
36:Introduction and Appendix
18:Western non-interpolation
646:15:3 – ο και παρελαβον (
79:since the 19th century,
857:Oxford University Press
800:Oxford University Press
356:), omitted by D, a, d,
869:United Bible Societies
816:Ehrman (1996), p. 224.
751:Conflation of readings
556:), found in: B, C, L,
39:
398:) has only θορυβαζη (
59:Alexandrian text-type
30:
541:6:16 – εις θανατον (
386:spoke the same words
117:19:34 – is found in
45:is a term coined by
63:Byzantine text-type
637:, d**?, g, goth?,
492:), omitted by א D
469:the Pharisees came
40:
936:Textual criticism
912:Wieland Willker,
249:), omitted by D,
247:of the Lord Jesus
51:Western text-type
32:Westcott and Hort
16:(Redirected from
943:
864:Bruce M. Metzger
839:
836:
830:
823:
817:
814:
803:
789:
783:
767:
545:) omitted by D,
490:their trespasses
77:textual variants
21:
951:
950:
946:
945:
944:
942:
941:
940:
926:
925:
918:F. C. Burkitt,
897:
848:
846:Further reading
843:
842:
837:
833:
824:
820:
815:
806:
790:
786:
768:
764:
759:
742:
703:
326:
123:
95:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
949:
947:
939:
938:
928:
927:
924:
923:
916:
907:
896:
895:External links
893:
892:
891:
880:
875:M. W. Martin,
873:
861:
852:Bart D. Ehrman
847:
844:
841:
840:
831:
818:
804:
802:, 1996, p. 223
792:Bart D. Ehrman
784:
770:B. F. Westcott
761:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
748:
741:
738:
722:proto-orthodox
702:
699:
698:
697:
680:
670:
651:
641:
631:
595:
585:
550:
536:
533:
485:
484:
480:
479:
472:
462:
459:
456:
453:
446:
445:
441:
440:
422:
419:
412:
409:
406:
403:
392:
389:
382:
379:
361:
345:
344:
340:
339:
332:
324:
323:), omitted by
317:
303:
296:
293:
286:
243:
225:
119:
100:
99:
94:
91:
81:B. F. Westcott
72:lectio brevior
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
948:
937:
934:
933:
931:
921:
917:
915:
911:
908:
906:
902:
899:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
871:
870:
865:
862:
859:
858:
853:
850:
849:
845:
835:
832:
828:
822:
819:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
785:
781:
780:
775:
774:J. F. A. Hort
771:
766:
763:
756:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
678:
674:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
642:
640:
636:
632:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
537:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
482:
481:
477:
476:from the tomb
473:
470:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
450:
449:
443:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
397:
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
351:
350:
349:
342:
341:
337:
336:worshiped Him
333:
330:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
233:
229:
226:
224:
223:Minuscule 892
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
97:
96:
92:
90:
88:
87:
82:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:New Testament
52:
48:
47:F. J. A. Hort
44:
37:
33:
29:
19:
913:
904:
883:
876:
867:
855:
834:
826:
821:
795:
787:
777:
765:
712:
707:Nestle-Aland
704:
686:
676:
659:Ambrosiaster
654:
647:
626:Ambrosiaster
622:
598:
589:and contrary
588:
553:
542:
489:
475:
468:
447:
425:
399:
395:
385:
353:
346:
335:
320:
306:
299:
289:
246:
231:
120:
110:
101:
84:
70:
66:
42:
41:
35:
888:D. A. Black
580:-209-1582,
461:Matt. 23:26
458:Matt. 13:33
757:References
667:Tertullian
648:I received
601:), by D*,
455:Matt. 6:25
452:Matt. 6:15
411:Luke 12:39
405:Luke 12:19
543:for death
421:John 3:32
381:Mark 2:22
930:Category
740:See also
730:Fitzmyer
691:Pelagius
663:Irenaeus
629:Pelagius
554:and dish
512:, 892*,
373:Irenaeus
903:at the
718:docetic
695:Cyprian
665:(lat),
508:-1582,
400:worried
375:(lat),
107:Matthew
886:, ed.
714:Ehrman
683:1 Tim.
673:2 Cor.
644:1 Cor.
639:Jerome
593:Hilary
377:Origen
209:, vg,
38:(1882)
726:Aland
609:, d,
532:, syr
367:, D,
331:) geo
269:, l,
75:– of
772:and
728:and
623:bodl
547:1739
539:Rom.
465:Mark
416:0171
283:1241
279:1071
228:Luke
115:John
635:629
582:700
578:118
518:aur
506:209
502:205
498:118
438:cop
329:syr
315:syr
311:syr
275:579
273:, (
219:cop
215:cop
211:syr
203:Byz
199:090
53:of
932::
807:^
798:,
794:,
776:,
734:𝔓
693:,
661:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
605:,
572:,
568:,
562:33
560:,
528:,
526:ff
524:,
520:,
516:,
510:22
436:,
432:,
369:33
365:𝔓
313:,
281:,
277:,
267:ff
265:,
261:,
257:,
253:,
238:,
217:,
213:,
207:it
205:,
201:,
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
173:,
169:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
153:,
149:,
141:,
137:,
133:,
129:,
125:,
669:?
619:m
615:g
611:f
607:G
603:F
576:-
574:1
570:Q
566:D
558:W
530:g
522:c
514:a
504:-
500:-
496:-
494:1
434:j
430:e
358:k
325:א
271:r
263:e
259:d
255:b
251:a
240:l
236:i
195:Σ
191:Θ
187:Δ
183:W
179:S
175:M
171:K
167:H
163:G
159:F
155:E
151:D
147:A
143:Γ
139:U
135:L
131:C
127:B
121:א
20:)
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