Death of Adolf Hitler - Knowledge (XXG)

1143: 1191: 1127: 470: 724: 1155: 1211: 1170: 969:

was issued on 25 February 1956, with an attached report of more than 1,500 pages. An 80-page expert criminological report was prepared in mid-1956, focusing on the "substantial discrepancies" between eyewitness testimonies and serving as a springboard for photographic reconstructions. Ballistic experiments were arranged to determine which interpretation of the fatal gunshot was most likely. The declaration became public and legally binding by the year's end. Hitler's demise was entered as an

62: 561: 208: 165:, Hitler's personal adjutant, who handled both bodies, testified that while Braun's smelled strongly of burnt almonds – an indication of cyanide poisoning – there was no such odour about Hitler's body, which smelled of gunpowder. Dental remains extracted from the soil in the garden were matched with Hitler's dental records in May 1945. The dental remains were later confirmed as being Hitler's. 765:, whom he stated had died a hero defending the capital of the Reich. Hoping to save the army and the nation by negotiating a partial surrender to the British and Americans, Dönitz authorised a fighting withdrawal to the west. His tactic was somewhat successful: it enabled about 1.8 million German soldiers to avoid capture by the Soviets, but came at a high cost in bloodshed, as troops continued to fight until 8 May. 577:. Linge saw the bodies of Hitler and Braun sitting upright on the sofa, with Hitler to Braun's right. His head was canted to his right. Günsche entered the study shortly afterwards. He described Braun's corpse as being on Hitler's left, with her legs drawn up and slumped away from him. Günsche stated that Hitler "sat... sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a 5278: 548:. At about 13:00, he received Hitler's permission to attempt a break-out that night. Hitler, two secretaries, and his personal cook then had lunch, after which Hitler and Braun said goodbye to members of the bunker staff and fellow occupants, including Bormann, Goebbels, the secretaries, and several military officers. At around 14:30 Adolf and Eva Hitler went into his personal study. Hitler's adjutant SS- 573:, entered the antechamber to Hitler's quarters, where he discovered the door closed and could smell gunpowder smoke. Linge went back out to the corridor where Bormann was standing, and the two then entered the study together. Linge later stated that while in the room he immediately noted a scent of burnt almonds, which is a common observation in the presence of 794:, Krebs and Burgdorf shot themselves in the head. In early May, Hitler's and Braun's dental remains were extracted from the soil. Stalin was wary of believing Hitler was dead and restricted the release of information to the public. By 11 May, dental assistant Käthe Heusermann and dental technician Fritz Echtmann, both of whom had worked for Hitler's dentist 1142: 500:, had been strung up by their heels. The corpses were later cut down and thrown into the gutter, where they were mocked by Italian dissidents. These events may have strengthened Hitler's resolve not to allow himself or his wife to be made a "spectacle" of, as he had earlier recorded in his testament. Hitler had been given some capsules of 699:), according to eyewitnesses, the copious amount of fuel applied from about 16:00 to 18:30 reduced the remains to something between charred bones and piles of ashes which fell apart to the touch. At approximately 18:30, Lindloff (and perhaps Reisser) covered up the ashen remains in a shallow bomb crater. The shelling and a fire from 321:, the last major defensive line protecting Berlin on that side. By 19 April, the Germans were in full retreat from the Seelow Heights, leaving no front line. Berlin was bombarded by Soviet artillery for the first time on 20 April, Hitler's birthday. By the evening of 21 April, Red Army tanks reached the outskirts of the city. 769: 619:, viewed the bodies. Linge and another man rolled up Hitler's body in a rug, and then, in accordance with Hitler's prior written and verbal instructions, his and Braun's bodies were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the garden behind the Reich Chancellery, where they were to be burned with 1054:

a German pathologist as saying about the purported autopsy: "Bezemensky's report is ridiculous... Any one of my assistants would have done better... the whole thing is a farce... it is intolerably bad work... the transcript of the post-mortem section of 8 1945 describes anything but Hitler." Journalist

375:

convinced Hitler that the letter from Göring was an attempt to overthrow the dictator. In response, Hitler informed Göring that he would be executed unless he resigned all of his posts. Later that day, he sacked Göring from all of his offices and ordered his arrest. Hitler also ordered his chief aide

1053:

to ensure his quick death, but later admitted that his work included "deliberate lies", such as the manner of Hitler's death. The book and alleged autopsy have been widely derided by Western historians. Joachimsthaler, in his extensive analysis of the circumstances surrounding Hitler's death, quotes

653:

and returned to the switchboard, later recalling someone shouting that Hitler's body was being burned. After the first attempts to ignite the petrol did not work, Linge went back inside the bunker and returned with a thick roll of papers. Bormann lit the papers and threw them onto the bodies. As the

345:

when he was informed that these orders had not been obeyed. He launched into a tirade against his generals, calling them treacherous and incompetent, culminating in a declaration – for the first time – that the war was lost. Hitler announced that he would stay in Berlin

1114:

and journalistic reports published into the late 20th century. Conspiracy theories about Hitler's death and about the Nazi era as a whole still attract interest, with books, TV shows, and films continuing to be produced on the topic. Historian Luke Daly-Groves wrote that Hitler's death is not about

985:

On 11 December 1945, the Soviets allowed a limited investigation of the bunker complex grounds by the other Allied powers (Britain, France, and the US). Two representatives from each nation watched several Germans dig up soil down to the concrete roof of the bunker; the excavation included the bomb

968:

influencing one another. After four years of extensive review, Judge Heinrich Stephanus concluded: "There can no longer be the slightest doubt that on 30 April 1945 Adolf Hitler put an end to his life in the Chancellery by his own hand, by means of a shot into his right temple." A death certificate

886:

For politically motivated reasons, the Soviet Union presented various versions of Hitler's fate. On 5 June, the Soviets claimed that his body had been examined and that he had died by cyanide poisoning. At a press conference on 9 June, the Soviets said they had not actually identified the body

1109:

opines that the almost "traceless" death of Hitler allowed him to stay in the public eye, granting him a "bizarre afterlife"; conspiracy theories – rooted in Soviet disinformation alleging his survival – bolstered continued doubts and speculation, including outlandish

690:

Werner Schwiedel to roll up the rug in Hitler's study to burn it. Schwiedel later stated that upon entering the study, he saw a pool of blood the size of a "large dinner plate" by the arm-rest of the sofa. Noticing a spent cartridge case, he bent down and picked it up from where it lay on the rug

180:

to sow confusion regarding Hitler's death, or have attempted to reconcile them. Soviet records allege that the burnt remains of Hitler and Braun were recovered, despite eyewitness accounts that they were almost completely reduced to ashes. In June 1945, the Soviets began seeding two contradictory

531:

had reported that all of the forces on which Hitler had been depending to rescue Berlin had either been encircled or forced onto the defensive. At around 02:30, Hitler appeared in the corridor where about twenty people, mostly women, were assembled to give their farewells. He went down the line,

850:

to Finow. Hitler and Braun's remains were alleged to have been moved as well, but this is most likely Soviet disinformation. There is no evidence that any bodily remains of Hitler or Braun – with the exception of the dental remains – were found by the Soviets. The

412:

had offered to surrender to the western Allies. The offer was declined. Himmler had implied to the Allies that he had the authority to negotiate a surrender, which Hitler considered to be treason. That afternoon, Hitler's anger and bitterness escalated into a rage against Himmler. He ordered

1372:"... the version involving a 'shot in the mouth' with secondary injuries to the temples must be rejected ... the overwhelming majority of witnesses saw an entry wound in the temple ... according to all witnesses... there were allegedly no injuries to the back of Hitler's head." ( 1126: 694:

The Red Army shelled the area in and around the Reich Chancellery on and off during the afternoon. SS guards brought over additional cans of petrol to further burn the corpses. Although the corpses were being burned in the open, where the distribution of heat varies (as opposed to in a

834:

published a paper co-authored by Charlier and four other researchers, which concluded that these remains "cannot be a fake", citing their significant wear. No gunpowder residue was detected, indicating that Hitler did not die by a gunshot wound through the mouth, as Axmann contended.

508:, and initially had intended to use them for his suicide. When he received the news that Himmler had contacted the Allies through a Swedish diplomat to arrange for an end to the war, Hitler was outraged. With this betrayal in his mind, Hitler began to doubt whether the 429:, roughly a kilometre away from the bunker, and all indications were that they were preparing to storm the Reich Chancellery. This report and Himmler's betrayal prompted Hitler to make the last decisions of his life. Shortly after midnight on 29 April, he married 741:

just prior to 04:00 on 1 May, giving him the news of Hitler's death, while attempting to negotiate a ceasefire and open "peace negotiations". Joseph Stalin was informed of Hitler's suicide around 04:05 Berlin time, thirteen hours after the event. He demanded

540:, the commander of the Berlin Defence Area. Weidling told Hitler that the garrison would probably run out of ammunition that night, and that the fighting in Berlin would inevitably come to an end within the next 24 hours. Weidling asked for permission for a 1427:"... most Soviet accounts have held that Hitler also ended his life by poison ... there are contradictions in the Soviet story ... these contradictions tend to indicate that the Soviet version of Hitler's suicide has a political colouration." ( 584:." The gun lay at his feet. Hitler's dripping blood had made a large stain on the right arm of the sofa and was pooling on the rug. According to Linge, Braun's body had no visible wounds, and her face showed how she had died – from 925: 1440:"... we have a fair answer ... to the version of ... Russian author Lev Bezymenski ... Hitler did shoot himself and did bite into the cyanide capsule, just as Professor Haase had clearly and repeatedly instructed ... " ( 1154: 977: – who cites some of the testimonies in his book on the dictator's death – points out is incorrect. The federal court went on to publish a summary of its findings of fact in a 1958 press release. 1644:

According to a scientific article co-authored by Philippe Charlier, the sex is difficult to determine due to two factors: severe heating from burning, which could have reduced the skull's thickness, and the absence of the

1343:"... Günsche stated he entered the study to inspect the bodies, and observed Hitler ... sat ... sunken over, with blood dripping out of his right temple. He had shot himself with his own pistol, a PPK 7.65." ( 466:, respectively. Hitler signed these documents at 04:00 and then went to bed. Some sources say that he dictated the last will and testament immediately before the wedding, but all agree on the timing of the signing. 1190: 1026:, including Günsche and Linge. Western historians were allowed into the archives of the former Soviet Union beginning in 1991, but the dossier remained undiscovered for twelve years; in 2005, it was published as 691:

about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) from a 7.65 pistol. The two men removed the blood-stained rug and carried it up the stairs and outside to the Chancellery garden, where it was placed on the ground and burned.

599:

stated "unequivocally" that all outsiders and those performing duties and work in the bunker "did not have any access" to Hitler's private living quarters during the time of death (between 15:00 and 16:00).

5316: 1466:"In 1970, the Kremlin finally decided to dispose of the body in absolute secrecy... the body, which had been concealed beneath a Soviet army parade-ground in Magdeburg, was exhumed at night and burned." ( 986:

crater where Hitler's burnt remains had been buried. Found during the dig were two hats identified as Hitler's, an undergarment with Braun's initials, and some reports to Hitler from Goebbels. The Soviet

564:

Situation of World War II in Europe at the time of Hitler's death. The white areas were controlled by Nazi forces, the pink areas were controlled by the Allies, and the red areas indicate recent Allied

1009:

archaeologist and bone specialist Nick Bellantoni examined the skull fragment, which Soviet officials believed to be Hitler's. According to Bellantoni, "The bone seemed very thin" for a male, and "the

1005:. The nearly complete left parietal bone has a bullet hole, apparently an exit wound. This remained uncatalogued until 1975, and was rediscovered in the Russian State Archives in 1993. In 2009, 4013: 3529: 1210: 1169: 761:

radio station interrupted their normal program to announce that Hitler had died that afternoon, and introduced his successor, Dönitz. Dönitz called upon the German people to mourn their

623:. Although Hitler's corpse was partially covered by the rug, numerous witnesses testified to recognising him, as the top of his head was not covered, nor were his lower legs and feet. 924:

received many leads claiming that Hitler might still be alive, while giving none of them credence. The documents remained classified until the early 2010s, as authorised by the 1998

5309: 39: 899:. In the years immediately after the war, the Soviets maintained that Hitler was not dead, but had escaped and was either being sheltered by the former western Allies, was in 157:

Eyewitnesses who saw Hitler's body immediately after his suicide testified that he died from a self-inflicted gunshot, which has been established to have been a shot to the

816:

also found the dental remains in the Soviet archives, including teeth on part of a jawbone, to be in "perfect agreement" with X-rays taken of Hitler in 1944. Charlier used

4779: 712: 387:

By 27 April, Berlin's communication had been all but cut off from the rest of Germany. Secure radio contact with defending units had been lost; the command staff in the

190: 1678:

concludes that the skull fragment "may come from the same individual" as the dental remains, but "further DNA analyses may be useful" to determine this with certainty.

5302: 4058: 469: 5294: 798:, identified the dental remains of Hitler and Braun. Both would spend years in Soviet prisons. An alleged Soviet autopsy of Hitler made public in 1968 was used by 532:

shaking hands and speaking with each of them, before retiring to his quarters. Late in the morning, with the Soviets less than 500 metres (1,600 ft) from the

4769: 172:

restricted the release of information and released many conflicting reports about Hitler's death. Historians have largely rejected these as part of a deliberate

5047: 723: 3562: 1105:

wrote in his diary that the dictator "had a mystery about him in the way he lived and in the manner of his death that will live and grow after him". Historian

987: 1148:

Hitler (right) visiting Berlin defenders in early April 1945 with Hermann Göring (centre) and Chief of the OKW Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel (partially hidden)

1388:"... the only thing to remain of Hitler was a gold bridge with porcelain facets from his upper jaw and the lower jawbone with some teeth and two bridges." ( 994: 993:

At the end of 1945, Stalin ordered the NKVD to form a second commission to investigate Hitler's death. On 30 May 1946, agents of the NKVD's successor, the

371:, asking for permission to take over the leadership of the Reich in accordance with Hitler's 1941 decree naming him as his successor. Hitler's secretary 5951: 887:

and that Hitler had likely escaped. When asked in July 1945 how Hitler had died, Stalin said he was living "in Spain or Argentina". In November 1945,

3539: 1020:

On 29 December 1949, a secret dossier on Hitler was presented to Stalin, which was based upon the interrogation of Nazis who had been present in the

879:

authorised an operation to exhume and destroy the decaying remains. On 4 April 1970, a KGB team thoroughly cremated them and cast the ashes into the

350:

about the most reliable method of suicide. Haase suggested the "pistol-and-poison method" of combining a dose of cyanide with a gunshot to the head.

5258: 4984: 1278: 3835: 3501: 393:

had to depend on telephone lines for passing instructions and orders, and on public radio for news and information. On 28 April, Hitler received a

4713: 444: 147: 703:

incendiary bombs continued until 2 May. During this period it was difficult to spend any time in the garden because of the continuous shelling.

5068: 4718: 4677: 4621: 4343: 1058:

corrects the book's claim that cyanide acts instantaneously, saying Hitler could have taken poison and still had enough time to shoot himself.

1041:, which includes previously unreleased photographs of the dental remains. The book transcribes a purported Soviet forensic examination led by 746:, which Krebs lacked authorisation to give. Stalin wanted confirmation that Hitler was dead and ordered the Red Army's counterespionage unit, 5073: 4468: 4428: 4406: 4387: 4368: 4326: 4278: 4245: 4221: 4198: 4154: 4140: 4129: 4078: 4002: 3978: 3959: 3937: 3861: 3796: 3773: 3752: 3728: 3706: 3678: 3629: 3463: 3387: 1453:"... were deposited ... in an unmarked grave in a forest far to the west of Berlin, reburied in 1946 in a plot of land in Magdeburg." ( 1017:-tested, as was blood from Hitler's sofa. The skull was determined to be that of a woman, while the blood was confirmed to belong to a male. 830: 459: 5946: 5931: 4235: 4670: 928:. The secrecy in which the investigation was shrouded helped fuel conspiracy theories asserting Hitler's survival. Presiding judge at the 1414:"The intentionally misleading account of Hitler's death by cyanide poisoning put about by Soviet historians ... can be dismissed." ( 4964: 4957: 1618:, who cites some of the testimonies in his book on Hitler's death, mentions the ballistic experiments without detailing their results. ( 910: 154:

garden, where they were doused in petrol and burned. The news of Hitler's death was announced on German radio the next day, 1 May.

3903: 4999: 4921: 3444: 718: 223: 5009: 3875: 3654: 5052: 4852: 4036: 4857: 1295: 544:; this was a request he had unsuccessfully made before. Hitler did not answer, and Weidling went back to his headquarters in the 317:, 100 kilometres (62 mi) to the west of the city. On 16 April, Soviet forces to the east crossed the Oder and commenced the 135: 4501: 1115:

the death of one man, but carries a greater significance as to the end of the regime and the ideological impact it left behind.

603:

Günsche left the study and announced that Hitler was dead to a group in the briefing room, which included Goebbels and Generals

181:

narratives: that Hitler died by taking cyanide or that he had survived and fled to another country. Following extensive review,

5263: 5078: 5024: 4969: 4744: 4739: 4660: 1572: 1283: 1095: 917: 733:

shortly before its destruction. Hitler and Braun's remains were burnt in a shell crater outside the emergency exit at the left.

990:(NKVD) barred further excavation on the accusation that the representatives had removed documents from the Reich Chancellery. 5941: 5843: 5029: 4979: 4570: 825: 604: 279: 5496: 3599: 1575:

late on 3 May delayed the purported exhumation of the burnt remains of Hitler and Braun from 4 May to the following day. (

1067: 1013:

where the skull plates come together seemed to correspond to someone under 40". A small piece detached from the skull was

68: 3296: 753:

The first inkling to the outside world that Hitler was dead came from the Germans themselves. On the night of 1 May, the

5956: 5895: 4911: 4665: 4521: 997:(MVD), found part of a skull in the crater where Hitler's remains had been exhumed. The remnant consists of part of the 318: 4399:

The Last of the Hitlers: The story of Adolf Hitler's British Nephew and the Amazing Pact to Make Sure his Genes Die Out

3535: 921: 242:

with the objective of capturing Berlin 82 kilometres (51 mi) to the west. German forces had recently lost to the

4989: 4551: 1631:

Philippe Charlier later stated, "When doing of the skull, you have a 55 per cent chance of getting the sex right." (

3810: 3554: 1401:"New versions of Hitler's fate were presented by the Soviet Union according to the political needs of the moment." ( 5658: 5143: 4614: 3788: 3427: 756: 5936: 5103: 5019: 4974: 3688: 1662:

This prompted the vice president of the Russian state archive to say, "No one claimed that was Hitler's skull." (

1261: 1037: 1006: 493: 33: 4289: 524:

Hitler and Braun lived together as husband and wife in the bunker for less than 40 hours. By 01:00 on 30 April,

5371: 5129: 1588:

Heusermann helped locate Hitler's X-rays and directed the Soviets to Echtmann, who had made Hitler's bridges. (

1273: 768: 5593: 4516: 4256: 1045:, which concluded that Hitler died by cyanide poisoning. Bezymenski further theorised that Hitler requested a 640: 5475: 4014:"Adolf Hitler really is dead: scientific study debunks conspiracy theories that he escaped to South America" 3698: 3578: 3401: 1071: 838:

In early June 1945, SMERSH moved the remains of several individuals, including the Goebbels family (Joseph,

743: 325: 275: 271: 5921: 5526: 5433: 5223: 5014: 4952: 4800: 4565: 3670:

The Hitler Book: The Secret Dossier Prepared for Stalin from the Interrogations of Hitler's Personal Aides

3604: 3510: 1268: 1236: 802: 243: 313:

on 18 April, leaving the path open for US forces to reach Berlin. By 11 April, the Americans crossed the

150:, that afternoon their remains were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the 5926: 5831: 5282: 5211: 5110: 4699: 4607: 4107: 3845: 463: 115: 4115: 1055: 61: 1482:

This cannot be verified because no dissection of internal organs was recorded in the autopsy report. (

5916: 5801: 5187: 5136: 5089: 4707: 4694: 4682: 3923: 1615: 1252: 1091: 974: 970: 965: 929: 525: 334: 235: 1086:, supported by the Soviet Union. From 1961 until 1989, the divide was physically manifested via the 960:) were hindered by the lack of an official death declaration. Beginning in 1952, a federal court in 560: 5729: 5573: 5193: 5096: 5083: 4811: 4556: 952: 905: 817: 679: 541: 247: 202: 3336: 341:

to counterattack the Soviets. At the next day's afternoon situation conference, Hitler suffered a

5785: 5628: 5603: 5542: 5150: 5122: 4454: 3488: 1111: 810: 799: 505: 4877: 3646: 3640: 806: 629: 550: 404: 381: 368: 5878: 5780: 5521: 5407: 5397: 5345: 4821: 4587: 4538: 4464: 4424: 4402: 4383: 4364: 4322: 4274: 4264: 4241: 4231: 4217: 4194: 4150: 4125: 4119: 4074: 4052: 3998: 3974: 3955: 3933: 3890: 3871: 3792: 3769: 3748: 3724: 3702: 3674: 3650: 3625: 3480: 3454: 3440: 3397: 3383: 1244: 1175: 964:

interviewed 42 witnesses about Hitler's suicide – behind closed doors to avoid

892: 843: 821: 813: 585: 364: 207: 186: 151: 143: 4268: 3927: 3316: 5866: 5849: 5837: 5734: 5719: 5688: 5673: 5350: 5235: 5004: 4872: 4652: 4579: 4530: 4438: 4416: 4097: 3763: 3472: 3421: 1048: 1042: 957: 936: 788:

In the early morning hours of 2 May, the Soviets captured the Reich Chancellery. Inside the

781: 650: 608: 591: 574: 537: 501: 489: 419: 415: 409: 302: 239: 158: 131: 5819: 5598: 5568: 4867: 4506: 3867:

Leaders and Personalities of the Third Reich: Their Biographies, Portraits, and Autographs

1495:

Using sources available to Trevor-Roper (a World War II MI5 agent and historian/author of

1102: 1028: 900: 455: 426: 359: 342: 5683: 5583: 5328: 4825: 1199: 554: 296: 214: 162: 125: 3865: 439:. The two then hosted a modest wedding breakfast, after which Hitler took his secretary 5825: 5698: 5693: 5663: 5653: 5618: 5613: 5578: 5558: 5511: 5428: 5423: 5116: 4994: 4897: 4862: 4749: 4458: 4315: 4184: 3692: 1010: 998: 943: 839: 738: 663: 596: 528: 451: 372: 367:

learned about Hitler's admission of defeat and declaration of his intended suicide and

173: 122:

from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via a gunshot to the head on 30 April 1945 in the

5910: 5703: 5608: 5588: 5501: 5480: 5459: 5443: 5392: 5387: 5199: 5161: 4931: 4842: 4815: 4764: 3992: 3668: 3664: 3458: 3375: 1163:, Hitler's valet, was one of the first people into Hitler's study after the suicides. 1133: 1014: 1002: 961: 876: 847: 795: 659: 497: 477: 448: 377: 338: 329: 177: 4552:"The Death of Hitler: The Full Story with New Evidence from Secret Russian Archives" 3492: 3355: 891:, the head of counter-intelligence in the British sector of Berlin, had their agent 5807: 5770: 5755: 5739: 5668: 5648: 5633: 5563: 5516: 5506: 5438: 5402: 5229: 5205: 5181: 5175: 4927: 4759: 4754: 4630: 4356: 4066: 3738: 1646: 1217: 1106: 1083: 1079: 947: 868: 667: 655: 634: 616: 612: 545: 440: 347: 306: 305:

would be the final battle of the war in Europe. Some 325,000 soldiers of Germany's

182: 169: 119: 111: 103: 4146:

The Death of Hitler: The Full Story with New Evidence from Secret Russian Archives

3459:"The remains of Adolf Hitler: A biomedical analysis and definitive identification" 973:

on the basis that none of the witnesses had seen his body, which German historian

4188: 4144: 4101: 3889:. An Atlas-History of the Second Great War. Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons. 5775: 5765: 5760: 5724: 5643: 5217: 4421:

In Hitler's Bunker: A Boy Soldier's Eyewitness Account of the Führer's Last Days

4165: 3988: 3947: 3831: 3806: 3716: 1160: 1087: 852: 809:

to confirm the authenticity of Hitler's dental remains in 1972. In 2017, French

696: 670: 578: 570: 310: 17: 4568:; Ström, Ferdinand (1973). "The odontological identification of Adolf Hitler". 4488: 3476: 1601:

Beevor states that "... the ashes were flushed into the town sewage system." (

447:. It left instructions to be carried out immediately following his death, with 5678: 5638: 5366: 4847: 4837: 4688: 4583: 1132:

Joseph Goebbels, his wife Magda, their six children, and Magda's earlier son,

888: 872: 654:

two corpses caught fire, a group including Bormann, Günsche, Linge, Goebbels,

283: 3894: 909:

suggests that Soviet leadership " the ghost of Hitler alive" to motivate its

5813: 5623: 5169: 4831: 4213: 3840: 1289: 1221: 880: 856: 473: 430: 352: 346:

until the end and then shoot himself. Later that day, he asked SS physician

139: 4645: 4542: 3742: 3642:

Truth about History: How New Evidence Is Transforming the Story of the Past

3484: 422:(Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's headquarters) shot for desertion. 301:

in Berlin on 16 January 1945. It was clear to the Nazi leadership that the

4591: 4515:

Marchetti, Daniela; Boschi, Ilaria; Polacco, Matteo; Rainio, Juha (2005).

3337:"The Hitler Conspiracies – why are Nazi myths flourishing?" 3457:; Weil, Raphael; Rainsard, P.; Poupon, Joël; Brisard, J.C. (1 May 2018). 1075: 777: 620: 267: 259: 227: 222:

By early 1945, Nazi Germany was on the verge of total military collapse.

1753: 1751: 4534: 773: 581: 509: 398: 5872: 5241: 4917: 4907: 4723: 4297: 1356:"... blood dripped from a bullet hole in his right temple ..." ( 1317:"... 30 April ... During the afternoon Hitler shot himself..." ( 851:

remains of the Goebbels family and others were buried in a forest in

747: 700: 513: 481: 99: 4317:

Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB

2229: 2227: 1783: 1781: 4502:"After the Fall: Photos of Hitler's Bunker and the Ruins of Berlin" 855:

on 3 June 1945, then exhumed and moved to SMERSH's new facility in

3811:"Tests on skull fragment cast doubt on Adolf Hitler suicide story" 2968: 2966: 1868: 1866: 767: 722: 559: 468: 263: 251: 206: 3031: 3029: 4902: 1571:

According to one Soviet account, the discovery of the body of a

496:

by Italian partisans. The bodies of Mussolini and his mistress,

314: 287: 255: 231: 5298: 4603: 4599: 3317:"One Industry That Capitalizes on America's Hitler Fascination" 4492: 4092:. W. F. Heimlich (foreword). New York: The Booktab Press. 4032: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2147: 2145: 1101:

Following Hitler's death, war veteran and future US president

1074:

divided Germany into four zones. This led to the start of the

1035:

In 1968, Soviet journalist Lev Bezymenski published his book,

895:

investigate. His report was expanded and published in 1947 as

864: 824:, which contained only plant fibres, a detail consistent with 516:. The capsule worked – the dog died instantly. 394: 3929:

The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, The Evidence, The Truth

3129: 3127: 2921: 1696: 1694: 1545:"Cyanide poisoning. Its 'bite' was marked in her features." ( 1532:

It is unknown how much of this was communicated to Hitler. (

903:, or was somewhere in South America. The 1947 American book 512:

would be effective. He ordered Haase to test one on his dog

488:

On the afternoon of 29 April, Hitler learned that his ally,

130:

in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the

3932:. Translated by Helmut Bölger. London: Brockhampton Press. 2710: 2708: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1711: 1709: 4313:

Vinogradov, V. K.; Pogonyi, J. F.; Teptzov, N. V. (2005).

1817: 1815: 950:, legal disputes over Hitler's former property (including 3087: 3085: 2671: 2669: 1284:

Popular culture representations of Hitler after his death

871:. Concerned that a known Nazi burial site might become a 4257:"Official: KGB chief ordered Hitler's remains destroyed" 4071:

Hitler's Last Witness: The Memoirs of Hitler's Bodyguard

3765:

Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich

3102: 3100: 2905: 2903: 1726: 1724: 1478: 1476: 3836:"Battle of Hitler's skull prompts Russia to reveal all" 3694:

The Road to Berlin: Stalin's War with Germany: Volume 2

2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 274:

were withdrawing north, as they were pressed by US and

3217: 1768: 1766: 1384: 1382: 939:

considered all such claims contrary to the evidence.

776:

bridge made mostly of gold (top right) and part of a

4288:

US Federal Bureau of Investigation (10 April 2011).

4073:. London: Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. 3435:

Brisard, Jean-Christophe and Parshina, Lana (2018).

3072: 3070: 3068: 1368: 1366: 5888: 5859: 5794: 5748: 5712: 5551: 5535: 5489: 5468: 5452: 5416: 5380: 5359: 5338: 5251: 5160: 5061: 5038: 4945: 4890: 4799: 4790: 4732: 4637: 3297:"DNA Test Sparks Controversy Over Hitler's Remains" 1519:, p. 343 records the marriage as taking place 433:in a small civil ceremony in a map room within the 95: 77: 4314: 3904:"Russians say they have bones from Hitler's skull" 1503:Hitler had dictated the last will and testament. ( 863:in February 1946. By 1970, the facility was under 2834: 2798: 1884: 1872: 1857: 142:, his wife of one day, also committed suicide by 4088:Moore, Herbert; Barrett, James W., eds. (1947). 3500:CIA Chief of Station, Caracas (3 October 1955), 1523:Hitler had dictated the last will and testament. 981:Further Soviet investigations and disinformation 250:, with British and Canadian forces crossing the 3721:Guarding Hitler: The Secret World of the Führer 3645:. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest. pp. 3531:Advanced Search: Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act 3118: 3047: 2738: 2726: 2600: 1675: 1650: 611:. These three, in addition to others including 425:By this time, the Red Army had advanced to the 4443:Берлин, май 1945. Записки военного переводчика 3169: 2996: 2984: 2972: 2858: 2762: 2699: 2449: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2389: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2281: 2257: 2233: 2100: 2028: 1845: 1833: 1787: 1757: 1742: 1619: 1389: 1373: 713:Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death 673:as they stood just inside the bunker doorway. 5310: 4615: 4447:Berlin 1945: Memoirs of a Wartime Interpreter 4208:Senn, David R. and Weems, Richard A. (2013). 3973:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 3181: 3020: 1968: 1589: 1576: 1483: 1441: 913:forces to continue fighting against fascism. 8: 5326: 4517:"The Death of Adolf Hitler—Forensic Aspects" 3870:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender Publishing. 3579:"Russians insist skull fragment is Hitler's" 2960:, pp. 231–32, 234, 236, 238–39, 242–43. 2894: 2846: 1558:Hitler had actually died the previous day. ( 1499:), MI5 records the marriage as taking place 1197: 1179: 1046: 1021: 867:control and scheduled to be relinquished to 789: 754: 728: 685: 677: 638: 627: 589: 434: 402: 388: 357: 294: 254:into the German industrial heartland of the 212: 123: 66:Front page of the US Armed Forces newspaper 54: 4378:Galante, Pierre; Silianoff, Eugene (1989). 4057:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3622:Hitler's Death: The Case Against Conspiracy 3356:"JFK diary calls Hitler 'stuff of legends'" 3277: 3253: 3205: 2945: 2810: 1136:(the only family member to survive the war) 5317: 5303: 5295: 4796: 4622: 4608: 4600: 3157: 3145: 3059: 2581: 1330:"... her lips puckered from the poison." ( 988:People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs 311:surrounded and captured in the Ruhr Pocket 60: 53: 4489:"Russia displays 'Hitler skull fragment'" 3902:Isachenkov, Vladimir (20 February 1993). 3229: 3133: 3091: 3035: 2933: 2882: 2870: 2822: 2714: 2687: 2533: 2497: 2473: 2353: 1806: 1504: 1402: 1318: 3600:"Hitler's Teeth Confirm He Died in 1945" 3106: 3008: 2957: 2909: 2636: 2151: 2016: 1944: 1663: 1279:List of Nazi Party leaders and officials 191:Conspiracy theories about Hitler's death 4273:(7th ed.). London: Pan Macmillan. 3997:. Frontline Books–Skyhorse Publishing. 3768:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 3193: 2675: 2660: 2648: 2569: 2557: 2293: 2245: 2199: 2136: 2112: 2088: 2064: 2052: 1821: 1700: 1690: 1454: 1415: 1357: 1344: 1310: 1220:providing details of Hitler's death in 1122: 883:river, a tributary of the nearby Elbe. 380:, to destroy safeguarded documents and 4344:List of books by or about Adolf Hitler 4164:Rosenberg, Steven (3 September 2009). 4050: 3265: 2786: 2624: 2612: 2545: 2485: 2461: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2124: 2076: 2040: 2004: 1992: 1980: 1956: 1932: 1920: 1908: 1896: 1772: 1730: 1632: 1602: 1559: 1533: 1516: 1467: 1331: 258:. US forces in the south had captured 4255:Tkachenko, Maxim (11 December 2009). 3565:from the original on 13 November 2019 3464:European Journal of Internal Medicine 2750: 2521: 2377: 2365: 2218: 1715: 1546: 831:European Journal of Internal Medicine 148:prior written and verbal instructions 7: 4550:Petrova, Ada; Watson, Peter (1995). 4237:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 3241: 3076: 2774: 2509: 2269: 1428: 1178:sitting on a damaged chair from the 557:stood guard outside the study door. 536:, Hitler had a meeting with General 4149:. W. W. Norton & Company. 3887:Vol. X: May 1944 – August 1945 3315:Anderson, John (10 November 2015). 230:, which was preparing to cross the 226:had fallen to the advancing Soviet 5869:(executed for desertion, 28 April) 4460:The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler 4240:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 4193:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 4166:"I was in Hitler's suicide bunker" 3723:. London: Pen and Sword Military. 2922:CIA Chief of Station, Caracas 1955 719:Mass suicides in 1945 Nazi Germany 676:At around 16:15, Linge ordered SS- 270:, and the Rhine. German forces in 38:. For the television episode, see 25: 5875:(Hitler's dog, poisoned 29 April) 4382:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 626:The bunker telephone operator SS- 569:After some time, Hitler's valet, 27:1945 suicide of the Nazi dictator 5952:People declared dead in absentia 5277: 5276: 1209: 1189: 1168: 1153: 1141: 1125: 504:by Himmler through SS physician 4500:Cosgrove, Ben (15 April 2014). 3380:Berlin – The Downfall 1945 3335:Barber, Tony (1 October 2020). 1096:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1082:, supported by the US, and the 918:Federal Bureau of Investigation 4571:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 4423:. Guilford, CT: Lyon's Press. 4039:. London: The Security Service 3667:; Uhl, Matthias, eds. (2005). 926:Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act 286:and into the foothills of the 146:. In accordance with Hitler's 1: 5497:Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven 4210:Manual of Forensic Odontology 3785:Soldiers of the Leibstandarte 2702:, pp. 99, 207, 299, 303. 2284:, pp. 155, 162, 175–176. 1068:end of World War II in Europe 1066:After Hitler's death and the 443:to another room and dictated 319:battle for the Seelow Heights 193:continue to attract interest. 4522:Journal of Forensic Sciences 4012:Lusher, Adam (20 May 2018). 3673:. New York: Public Affairs. 3598:Daley, Jason (22 May 2018). 3382:. New York: Viking-Penguin. 3295:ABC News (9 December 2009). 995:Ministry of Internal Affairs 942:Between 1948 and 1952, amid 916:Until the mid-1950s, the US 780:broken and burnt around the 413:Himmler's arrest and had SS- 324:On 21 April, Hitler ordered 5947:Deaths by person in Germany 5932:April 1945 events in Europe 5333:by date of departure (1945) 5238:(possible illegitimate son) 4487:BBC staff (26 April 2000). 4363:. New York: Penguin Books. 3428:Harcourt, Brace & World 3218:CNN Editorial Research 2023 3119:Brisard & Parshina 2018 3048:Brisard & Parshina 2018 2739:Brisard & Parshina 2018 2727:Brisard & Parshina 2018 922:Central Intelligence Agency 772:Hitler's dental remains: a 671:raised their arms in salute 637:reported Hitler's death to 458:assuming Hitler's roles as 445:his last will and testament 262:and were advancing towards 5973: 5259:Streets named after Hitler 4463:. New York: DaCapo Press. 4361:Hitler: A Study in Tyranny 4341: 3952:Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis 3620:Daly-Groves, Luke (2019). 3477:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.014 3426:(1st ed.). New York: 2987:, pp. 11–12, 159–161. 716: 710: 200: 134:, which led to the end of 40:The Death of Adolf Hitler 31: 5327: 5272: 5104:Hitler: The Last Ten Days 4912:Meldemannstraße dormitory 4584:10.3109/00016357309004612 4321:. London: Chaucer Press. 4124:. Boston: Da Capo Press. 3439:. Boston: Da Capo Press. 3423:The Death of Adolf Hitler 3244:, pp. 160, 162, 165. 3021:Petrova & Watson 1995 1590:Petrova & Watson 1995 1577:Petrova & Watson 1995 1484:Petrova & Watson 1995 1262:Hitler: The Last Ten Days 1038:The Death of Adolf Hitler 1007:University of Connecticut 737:Krebs met Soviet general 369:sent a telegram to Hitler 211:Schematic diagram of the 59: 35:The Death of Adolf Hitler 5372:Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer 5130:Hitler: The Rise of Evil 3783:Fischer, Thomas (2008). 3639:Dolezal, Robert (2004). 3555:"Berlin Wall Fast Facts" 3420:Bezymenski, Lev (1968). 3023:, pp. 81–82, 84–85. 2895:Moore & Barrett 1947 2837:, pp. 333, 335–336. 2729:, pp. 224, 273–274. 2320:, pp. 156, 180–182. 1935:, pp. 255–256, 262. 1274:Glossary of Nazi Germany 784:(bottom three fragments) 397:report originating from 293:Hitler retreated to the 45:ITV Sunday Night Theatre 5476:Robert Ritter von Greim 5325:Final occupants of the 5144:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler 4714:Last will and testament 4270:The Last Days of Hitler 3885:Horrabin, J.F. (1946). 3699:Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2811:Halpin & Boyes 2009 1760:, pp. 29, 231–234. 1497:The Last Days of Hitler 1092:Germany's reunification 897:The Last Days of Hitler 744:unconditional surrender 5749:Still present on 2 May 5434:Joachim von Ribbentrop 5224:William Stuart-Houston 4770:Assassination attempts 4401:. Worcester, UK: BMM. 4397:Gardner, Dave (2001). 4380:Voices From the Bunker 4294:FBI Records: The Vault 3994:With Hitler to the End 3762:Fest, Joachim (2004). 3747:. New York: Harcourt. 3624:. Oxford, UK: Osprey. 3050:, pp. 29, 30, 32. 2835:Vinogradov et al. 2005 2799:Vinogradov et al. 2005 2651:, pp. 1038, 1039. 1198: 1180: 1047: 1022: 826:Hitler's vegetarianism 800:forensic odontologists 790: 785: 755: 750:, to find his corpse. 734: 729: 686: 678: 649:Escort Command) chief 639: 628: 590: 566: 485: 435: 403: 389: 358: 295: 282:to advance across the 278:forces as part of the 219: 213: 136:World War II in Europe 124: 83:; 79 years ago 5942:Death of Adolf Hitler 5832:Alwin-Broder Albrecht 5816:(née Braun, 30 April) 5594:Ernst-Günther Schenck 5212:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr. 5111:The Meaning of Hitler 5030:German naturalization 4922:16 Prinzregentenplatz 3969:Kershaw, Ian (2008). 3924:Joachimsthaler, Anton 3809:(27 September 2009). 3561:. 16 September 2013. 3509:, CIA, archived from 3402:"Dividing the Spoils" 3134:Eberle & Uhl 2005 3036:Eberle & Uhl 2005 2715:Senn & Weems 2013 2688:Eberle & Uhl 2005 2534:Eberle & Uhl 2005 2498:Eberle & Uhl 2005 2474:Eberle & Uhl 2005 1885:Horrabin 1946, Vol. X 1873:Horrabin 1946, Vol. X 1858:Horrabin 1946, Vol. X 1807:Eberle & Uhl 2005 1403:Eberle & Uhl 2005 875:shrine, KGB director 771: 726: 711:Further information: 641:Führerbegleitkommando 563: 472: 240:Frankfurt-an-der-Oder 210: 55:Death of Adolf Hitler 5802:Ernst-Robert Grawitz 5776:Liselotte Chervinska 5659:Günther Schwägermann 5264:Mannerheim recording 5188:Johann Georg Hiedler 5090:The Victory of Faith 4666:Political directives 4098:Musmanno, Michael A. 4037:"Hitler's last days" 3406:Smithsonian Magazine 3038:, pp. 287, 288. 2615:, pp. 387, 388. 2601:Charlier et al. 2018 2476:, pp. 280, 281. 2416:, pp. 162, 175. 2392:, pp. 197, 198. 2031:, pp. 107, 287. 1971:, pp. 230, 323. 1745:, pp. 163, 173. 1718:, pp. 199, 200. 1703:, pp. 954, 956. 1676:Charlier et al. 2018 1651:Charlier et al. 2018 1616:Anton Joachimsthaler 1573:look-alike of Hitler 1444:, pp. 322–323). 975:Anton Joachimsthaler 811:forensic pathologist 757:Reichssender Hamburg 684:Heinz Krüger and SS- 484:at right), June 1942 326:a special detachment 5957:Suicides in Germany 5730:Theodor von Dufving 5574:Constanze Manziarly 5194:Maria Schicklgruber 5097:Triumph of the Will 5084:Killing baby Hitler 5074:Cult of personality 5015:Hitler's Table Talk 4958:possible monorchism 4891:Civilian residences 4780:conspiracy theories 4566:Sognnaes, Reidar F. 4557:The Washington Post 4455:Waite, Robert G. L. 4116:O'Donnell, James P. 4106:. Garden City, NY: 3971:Hitler: A Biography 3954:. London: Penguin. 3834:(9 December 2009). 3516:on 11 February 2017 3437:The Death of Hitler 3341:The Financial Times 3184:, pp. 322–323. 3172:, pp. 252–253. 3170:Joachimsthaler 1999 3011:, pp. 233–234. 2997:Joachimsthaler 1999 2985:Joachimsthaler 1999 2973:Joachimsthaler 1999 2859:Joachimsthaler 1999 2801:, pp. 111–116. 2789:, pp. 162–163. 2777:, pp. 162–164. 2763:Joachimsthaler 1999 2700:Joachimsthaler 1999 2663:, pp. 185–186. 2572:, pp. 961–963. 2464:, pp. 367–368. 2452:, pp. 224–225. 2450:Joachimsthaler 1999 2440:, pp. 216–220. 2438:Joachimsthaler 1999 2428:, pp. 210–215. 2426:Joachimsthaler 1999 2414:Joachimsthaler 1999 2402:Joachimsthaler 1999 2390:Joachimsthaler 1999 2344:, pp. 180–182. 2342:Joachimsthaler 1999 2332:, pp. 192–193. 2330:Joachimsthaler 1999 2318:Joachimsthaler 1999 2308:, pp. 154–156. 2306:Joachimsthaler 1999 2282:Joachimsthaler 1999 2260:, pp. 160–182. 2258:Joachimsthaler 1999 2236:, pp. 154–155. 2234:Joachimsthaler 1999 2190:, pp. 358–359. 2154:, pp. 603–604. 2139:, pp. 951–952. 2115:, pp. 949–950. 2101:Joachimsthaler 1999 2067:, pp. 946–947. 2055:, pp. 943–946. 2029:Joachimsthaler 1999 1947:, pp. 585–586. 1923:, pp. 209–217. 1846:Joachimsthaler 1999 1834:Joachimsthaler 1999 1790:, pp. 215–225. 1788:Joachimsthaler 1999 1758:Joachimsthaler 1999 1743:Joachimsthaler 1999 1620:Joachimsthaler 1999 1390:Joachimsthaler 1999 1374:Joachimsthaler 1999 1306:Informational notes 1297:War and Remembrance 1269:Führer Headquarters 971:assumption of death 953:The Art of Painting 828:. In May 2018, the 818:electron microscopy 480:(with Hitler's dog 203:Operation Bagration 56: 5786:Johannes Hentschel 5629:Ludwig Stumpfegger 5604:Johann Rattenhuber 5543:Nicolaus von Below 5151:Apocalypse: Hitler 5079:In popular culture 4535:10.1520/JFS2004314 4265:Trevor-Roper, Hugh 4232:Shirer, William L. 4090:Who Killed Hitler? 3910:. Associated Press 3585:. 11 December 2009 3528:CIA staff (2013), 3455:Charlier, Philippe 3398:Beschloss, Michael 3208:, pp. 26, 68. 3160:, pp. 49, 75. 1836:, pp. 22, 23. 1592:, pp. 56–57). 1579:, pp. 52–53). 1056:James P. O'Donnell 906:Who Killed Hitler? 859:, where they were 803:Reidar F. Sognnaes 786: 735: 567: 506:Ludwig Stumpfegger 486: 382:his personal train 248:Ardennes Offensive 220: 81:30 April 1945 32:For the book, see 5904: 5903: 5879:Goebbels children 5795:Committed suicide 5522:Willy Johannmeyer 5408:Eckhard Christian 5398:Christa Schroeder 5292: 5291: 5010:Psychopathography 5000:Stefanie Rabatsch 4965:Wealth and income 4941: 4940: 4822:Reich Chancellery 4470:978-0-306-80514-1 4439:Rzhevskaya, Elena 4430:978-1-59228-578-5 4417:Lehmann, Armin D. 4408:978-0-9541544-0-0 4389:978-0-3991-3404-3 4370:978-0-14-013564-0 4328:978-1-904449-13-3 4280:978-0-330-49060-3 4247:978-0-671-62420-0 4223:978-1-439-85134-0 4200:978-1-439-12701-8 4156:978-0-393-03914-6 4139:Petrova, Ada and 4131:978-0-306-80958-3 4080:978-1-848-32749-8 4004:978-1-60239-804-7 3980:978-0-393-06757-6 3961:978-0-14-027239-0 3939:978-1-86019-902-8 3862:Hamilton, Charles 3830:Halpin, Tony and 3798:978-0-921991-91-5 3775:978-0-374-13577-5 3754:978-0-15-141650-9 3730:978-1-78159-305-9 3708:978-0-297-77238-5 3680:978-1-58648-366-1 3631:978-1-4728-3454-6 3542:on 8 January 2019 3400:(December 2002). 3389:978-0-670-03041-5 3256:, pp. 22–25. 3121:, pp. 18–22. 2847:Trevor-Roper 2002 2296:, pp. 47–48. 1614:German historian 1176:Winston Churchill 1001:and part of both 893:Hugh Trevor-Roper 814:Philippe Charlier 588:. Günsche and SS- 586:cyanide poisoning 494:had been executed 401:: it stated that 335:Obergruppenführer 307:Army Group B 187:death certificate 152:Reich Chancellery 144:cyanide poisoning 109: 108: 69:Stars and Stripes 16:(Redirected from 5964: 5937:Battle of Berlin 5881:(poisoned 1 May) 5867:Hermann Fegelein 5838:Wilhelm Burgdorf 5735:Siegfried Knappe 5720:Helmuth Weidling 5704:Käthe Heusermann 5689:Werner Schwiedel 5674:Armin D. Lehmann 5351:Heinrich Himmler 5332: 5331: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5280: 5279: 5236:Jean-Marie Loret 5005:Reinhold Hanisch 4873:Wolfsschlucht II 4797: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4601: 4595: 4561: 4546: 4529:(5): 1147–1153. 4511: 4496: 4474: 4450: 4434: 4412: 4393: 4374: 4332: 4320: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4300:on 10 April 2011 4296:. Archived from 4284: 4260: 4251: 4227: 4204: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4160: 4135: 4111: 4093: 4084: 4062: 4056: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4008: 3984: 3965: 3943: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3898: 3881: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3844:. Archived from 3826: 3824: 3822: 3802: 3779: 3758: 3739:Fest, Joachim C. 3734: 3712: 3684: 3660: 3635: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3538:, archived from 3524: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3508: 3496: 3450: 3431: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3393: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3281: 3278:Daly-Groves 2019 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3254:Daly-Groves 2019 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3206:Daly-Groves 2019 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3148:, inside jacket. 3143: 3137: 3131: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3095: 3089: 3080: 3074: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2975:, pp. 8–13. 2970: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2946:FBI Records 2011 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2222: 2216: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1810: 1804: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1704: 1698: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1660: 1654: 1642: 1636: 1629: 1623: 1612: 1606: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1580: 1569: 1563: 1562:, p. 1137). 1556: 1550: 1543: 1537: 1536:, p. 1131). 1530: 1524: 1514: 1508: 1493: 1487: 1480: 1471: 1464: 1458: 1451: 1445: 1438: 1432: 1425: 1419: 1418:, p. 1037). 1412: 1406: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1377: 1370: 1361: 1354: 1348: 1341: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1315: 1213: 1203: 1193: 1183: 1172: 1157: 1145: 1129: 1094:in 1990 and the 1072:occupying Allies 1052: 1043:Faust Shkaravsky 1025: 958:Johannes Vermeer 937:Michael Musmanno 862: 793: 782:alveolar process 760: 732: 727:Exterior of the 689: 683: 680:Untersturmführer 644: 633: 609:Wilhelm Burgdorf 595: 575:hydrogen cyanide 538:Helmuth Weidling 490:Benito Mussolini 438: 420:Hermann Fegelein 410:Heinrich Himmler 408: 392: 363: 343:nervous collapse 303:Battle of Berlin 300: 280:Spring Offensive 218: 197:Preceding events 132:Battle of Berlin 129: 118:and dictator of 91: 89: 84: 64: 57: 43: 21: 18:Werner Schwiedel 5972: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5896:Heinrich Müller 5884: 5855: 5820:Joseph Goebbels 5790: 5744: 5708: 5599:Hans-Erich Voss 5569:Gerda Christian 5547: 5531: 5485: 5464: 5448: 5412: 5376: 5355: 5334: 5323: 5293: 5288: 5268: 5247: 5156: 5057: 5053:Private library 5040: 5034: 4970:Religious views 4937: 4886: 4880:Führersonderzug 4878:Special train ( 4868:Wolfsschlucht I 4792: 4786: 4740:Military career 4728: 4661:Political views 4633: 4628: 4598: 4564: 4549: 4514: 4499: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4453: 4437: 4431: 4415: 4409: 4396: 4390: 4377: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4338:Further reading 4335: 4329: 4312: 4303: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4263: 4254: 4248: 4230: 4224: 4207: 4201: 4190:The Last Battle 4185:Ryan, Cornelius 4183: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4157: 4138: 4132: 4114: 4103:Ten Days to Die 4096: 4087: 4081: 4065: 4049: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4020: 4011: 4005: 3987: 3981: 3968: 3962: 3946: 3940: 3922: 3913: 3911: 3901: 3884: 3878: 3860: 3851: 3849: 3848:on 29 June 2011 3829: 3820: 3818: 3805: 3799: 3789:J.J. Fedorowicz 3782: 3776: 3761: 3755: 3737: 3731: 3715: 3709: 3687: 3681: 3663: 3657: 3638: 3632: 3619: 3610: 3608: 3597: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3568: 3566: 3553: 3545: 3543: 3527: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3453: 3447: 3434: 3419: 3410: 3408: 3396: 3390: 3374: 3365: 3363: 3362:. 23 March 2017 3354: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3158:Bezymenski 1968 3156: 3152: 3146:Bezymenski 1968 3144: 3140: 3136:, p. xxvi. 3132: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3083: 3075: 3066: 3060:Isachenkov 1993 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3027: 3019: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2706: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2599: 2588: 2582:Bezymenski 1968 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2388: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2225: 2217: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2166:, p. 1132. 2162: 2158: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2127:, p. 1131. 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2087: 2083: 2079:, p. 1194. 2075: 2071: 2063: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2011: 2007:, p. 1118. 2003: 1999: 1991: 1987: 1983:, p. 1116. 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1911:, p. 1105. 1907: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1832: 1828: 1824:, p. 1037. 1820: 1813: 1805: 1794: 1786: 1779: 1771: 1764: 1756: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1733:, p. 1137. 1729: 1722: 1714: 1707: 1699: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1657: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1622:, p. 161). 1613: 1609: 1605:, p. 431). 1600: 1596: 1587: 1583: 1570: 1566: 1557: 1553: 1549:, p. 199). 1544: 1540: 1531: 1527: 1515: 1511: 1494: 1490: 1481: 1474: 1470:, p. 431). 1465: 1461: 1457:, p. 958). 1452: 1448: 1439: 1435: 1431:, p. 749). 1426: 1422: 1413: 1409: 1405:, p. 288). 1400: 1396: 1392:, p. 225). 1387: 1380: 1376:, p. 166). 1371: 1364: 1360:, p. 955). 1355: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1334:, p. 359). 1329: 1325: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1232: 1225: 1214: 1205: 1194: 1185: 1173: 1164: 1158: 1149: 1146: 1137: 1130: 1121: 1103:John F. Kennedy 1064: 1029:The Hitler Book 983: 946:proceedings in 901:Francoist Spain 860: 820:to examine the 807:Ferdinand Strøm 721: 715: 709: 687:Oberscharführer 630:Oberscharführer 551:Sturmbannführer 522: 456:Joseph Goebbels 427:Potsdamer Platz 405:Reichsführer-SS 360:Reichsmarschall 205: 199: 87: 85: 82: 73: 50: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5970: 5968: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5909: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5826:Magda Goebbels 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5699:Hans Fritzsche 5696: 5694:Gerhard Schach 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5664:Ewald Lindloff 5661: 5656: 5654:Heinrich Doose 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5619:Martin Bormann 5616: 5614:Werner Naumann 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5559:Wilhelm Mohnke 5555: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5512:Wilhelm Zander 5509: 5504: 5499: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5429:Theodor Morell 5426: 5424:Albert Bormann 5420: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5346:Hermann Göring 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5299: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5166: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5117:Hitler Diaries 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5048:Hitler's Globe 5044: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4995:August Kubizek 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4925: 4915: 4905: 4900: 4898:Braunau am Inn 4894: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4819: 4808: 4806: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4750:Hitler cabinet 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4663: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4604: 4597: 4596: 4562: 4547: 4512: 4497: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4469: 4451: 4435: 4429: 4413: 4407: 4394: 4388: 4375: 4369: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4342:Main article: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4327: 4310: 4290:"Adolf Hitler" 4285: 4279: 4261: 4252: 4246: 4228: 4222: 4212:. Boca Raton: 4205: 4199: 4181: 4161: 4155: 4136: 4130: 4112: 4094: 4085: 4079: 4063: 4035:staff (2011). 4029: 4009: 4003: 3985: 3979: 3966: 3960: 3944: 3938: 3920: 3899: 3882: 3876: 3858: 3827: 3803: 3797: 3780: 3774: 3759: 3753: 3735: 3729: 3713: 3707: 3689:Erickson, John 3685: 3679: 3665:Eberle, Henrik 3661: 3655: 3636: 3630: 3617: 3595: 3575: 3551: 3525: 3497: 3451: 3446:978-0306922589 3445: 3432: 3417: 3394: 3388: 3376:Beevor, Antony 3372: 3352: 3332: 3312: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3196:, p. 969. 3186: 3182:O'Donnell 2001 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3123: 3111: 3096: 3092:CNN staff 2009 3081: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2934:CIA staff 2013 2926: 2914: 2899: 2897:, p. 136. 2887: 2883:MI5 staff 2011 2875: 2871:Beschloss 2002 2863: 2851: 2849:, p. liv. 2839: 2827: 2823:Tkachenko 2009 2815: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2765:, p. 164. 2755: 2743: 2741:, p. 301. 2731: 2719: 2704: 2692: 2690:, p. 282. 2680: 2678:, p. 958. 2665: 2653: 2641: 2639:, p. 435. 2629: 2627:, p. 387. 2617: 2605: 2586: 2574: 2562: 2560:, p. 959. 2550: 2548:, p. 381. 2538: 2536:, p. 281. 2526: 2524:, p. 175. 2514: 2512:, p. 364. 2502: 2500:, p. 280. 2490: 2488:, p. 368. 2478: 2466: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2406: 2404:, p. 162. 2394: 2382: 2380:, p. 200. 2370: 2368:, p. 173. 2358: 2354:Rosenberg 2009 2346: 2334: 2322: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2274: 2272:, p. 116. 2262: 2250: 2238: 2223: 2221:, p. 199. 2204: 2202:, p. 955. 2192: 2180: 2178:, p. 358. 2168: 2156: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2103:, p. 278. 2093: 2091:, p. 821. 2081: 2069: 2057: 2045: 2043:, p. 323. 2033: 2021: 2019:, p. 168. 2009: 1997: 1995:, p. 289. 1985: 1973: 1969:O'Donnell 2001 1961: 1959:, p. 275. 1949: 1937: 1925: 1913: 1901: 1899:, p. 139. 1889: 1877: 1862: 1850: 1838: 1826: 1811: 1809:, p. 288. 1792: 1777: 1762: 1747: 1735: 1720: 1705: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1668: 1655: 1637: 1624: 1607: 1594: 1581: 1564: 1551: 1538: 1525: 1509: 1505:MI5 staff 2011 1488: 1486:, p. 81). 1472: 1459: 1446: 1442:O'Donnell 2001 1433: 1420: 1407: 1394: 1378: 1362: 1349: 1347:, p. 47). 1336: 1323: 1319:MI5 staff 2011 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1258: 1250: 1242: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1196:The destroyed 1195: 1188: 1186: 1174: 1167: 1165: 1159: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1140: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1090:, followed by 1063: 1060: 1003:parietal bones 999:occipital bone 982: 979: 944:denazification 931:Einsatzgruppen 844:their children 739:Vasily Chuikov 708: 705: 664:Ewald Lindloff 597:Wilhelm Mohnke 529:Wilhelm Keitel 521: 518: 476:and Hitler at 376:and adjutant, 373:Martin Bormann 365:Hermann Göring 198: 195: 174:disinformation 107: 106: 97: 93: 92: 79: 75: 74: 65: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5969: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5922:1945 suicides 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5850:Franz Schädle 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5589:Walther Hewel 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5527:Walter Wagner 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5502:Gerhard Boldt 5500: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5481:Hanna Reitsch 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5460:Walter Frentz 5458: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5444:Julius Schaub 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393:Karl Gebhardt 5391: 5389: 5388:Hugo Blaschke 5386: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5320: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5285: 5284: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5232:(half-nephew) 5231: 5228: 5226:(half-nephew) 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5214:(half-nephew) 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5202:(half-sister) 5201: 5200:Angela Hitler 5198: 5196:(grandmother) 5195: 5192: 5190:(grandfather) 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5025:50th birthday 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4980:Vegetarianism 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946:Personal life 4944: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4881: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4816:Kehlsteinhaus 4813: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4765:The Holocaust 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4745:Rise to power 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4653:Führerprinzip 4650: 4649: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4545:. JFS2004314. 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4472: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4357:Bullock, Alan 4354: 4353: 4348: 4345: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4141:Watson, Peter 4137: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4067:Misch, Rochus 4064: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3877:0-912138-27-0 3873: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3656:0-7621-0523-2 3652: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3526: 3512: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3418: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3280:, p. 26. 3279: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3230:BBC News 2017 3226: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107:ABC News 2009 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3009:Musmanno 1950 3005: 3002: 2999:, p. 12. 2998: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958:Musmanno 1950 2954: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2910:Anderson 2015 2906: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2861:, p. 22. 2860: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2717:, p. 19. 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2637:Erickson 1983 2633: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2584:, p. 45. 2583: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2251: 2248:, p. 47. 2247: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2152:Erickson 1983 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017:Hamilton 1984 2013: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1945:Erickson 1983 1941: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1887:, p. 43. 1886: 1881: 1878: 1875:, p. 53. 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1860:, p. 51. 1859: 1854: 1851: 1848:, p. 11. 1847: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664:ABC News 2009 1659: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1134:Harald Quandt 1128: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1049:coup de grâce 1044: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 980: 978: 976: 972: 967: 963: 962:Berchtesgaden 959: 955: 954: 949: 945: 940: 938: 935:at Nuremberg 934: 932: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 907: 902: 898: 894: 890: 884: 882: 878: 877:Yuri Andropov 874: 870: 866: 858: 854: 849: 845: 841: 836: 833: 832: 827: 823: 819: 815: 812: 808: 804: 801: 797: 796:Hugo Blaschke 792: 783: 779: 775: 770: 766: 764: 759: 758: 751: 749: 745: 740: 731: 725: 720: 714: 706: 704: 702: 698: 692: 688: 682: 681: 674: 672: 669: 665: 661: 657: 652: 651:Franz Schädle 648: 643: 642: 636: 632: 631: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 598: 594: 593: 592:Brigadeführer 587: 583: 580: 576: 572: 562: 558: 556: 553: 552: 547: 543: 539: 535: 530: 527: 526:Field Marshal 519: 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498:Clara Petacci 495: 491: 483: 479: 478:Berchtesgaden 475: 471: 467: 465: 461: 460:head of state 457: 453: 450: 449:Grand Admiral 446: 442: 437: 432: 428: 423: 421: 418: 417: 416:Gruppenführer 411: 407: 406: 400: 396: 391: 385: 383: 379: 378:Julius Schaub 374: 370: 366: 362: 361: 355: 354: 349: 344: 340: 339:Felix Steiner 337: 336: 331: 328:commanded by 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 299: 298: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 217: 216: 209: 204: 196: 194: 192: 188: 184: 179: 178:Joseph Stalin 175: 171: 166: 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 127: 121: 117: 113: 105: 101: 98: 94: 80: 76: 72:on 2 May 1945 71: 70: 63: 58: 52: 48: 46: 37: 36: 30: 19: 5927:Adolf Hitler 5808:Adolf Hitler 5771:Fritz Tornow 5756:Werner Haase 5740:Rochus Misch 5684:Heinz Krüger 5669:Hans Reisser 5649:Erich Kempka 5634:Artur Axmann 5584:Otto Günsche 5564:Traudl Junge 5517:Heinz Lorenz 5507:Rudolf Weiss 5439:Albert Speer 5403:Johanna Wolf 5329:Führerbunker 5281: 5230:Heinz Hitler 5220:(half-niece) 5206:Paula Hitler 5182:Klara Hitler 5176:Alois Hitler 5149: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 4928:Obersalzberg 4879: 4827:Führerbunker 4826: 4804:Headquarters 4801: 4774: 4760:World War II 4755:Nazi Germany 4708:Zweites Buch 4706: 4687: 4651: 4644: 4631:Adolf Hitler 4575: 4569: 4555: 4526: 4520: 4505: 4459: 4446: 4442: 4420: 4398: 4379: 4360: 4316: 4302:. Retrieved 4298:the original 4293: 4269: 4236: 4209: 4189: 4173:. Retrieved 4169: 4145: 4120: 4102: 4089: 4070: 4041:. Retrieved 4023:25 September 4021:. Retrieved 4017: 3993: 3989:Linge, Heinz 3970: 3951: 3948:Kershaw, Ian 3928: 3912:. Retrieved 3908:Gadsen Times 3907: 3886: 3866: 3850:. Retrieved 3846:the original 3839: 3832:Boyes, Roger 3819:. Retrieved 3815:The Guardian 3814: 3787:. Winnipeg: 3784: 3764: 3743: 3720: 3717:Felton, Mark 3693: 3669: 3641: 3621: 3609:. Retrieved 3603: 3587:. Retrieved 3582: 3567:. Retrieved 3558: 3544:, retrieved 3540:the original 3530: 3518:, retrieved 3511:the original 3502: 3468: 3462: 3436: 3422: 3409:. Retrieved 3405: 3379: 3364:. Retrieved 3359: 3344:. Retrieved 3340: 3326:19 September 3324:. Retrieved 3320: 3304:. Retrieved 3300: 3288:Bibliography 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3194:Kershaw 2008 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3114: 3055: 3043: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2890: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2695: 2683: 2676:Kershaw 2008 2661:Dolezal 2004 2656: 2649:Kershaw 2001 2644: 2632: 2620: 2608: 2577: 2570:Kershaw 2008 2565: 2558:Kershaw 2008 2553: 2541: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2493: 2481: 2469: 2457: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2409: 2397: 2385: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2337: 2325: 2313: 2301: 2294:Fischer 2008 2289: 2277: 2265: 2253: 2246:Fischer 2008 2241: 2200:Kershaw 2008 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2137:Kershaw 2008 2132: 2120: 2113:Kershaw 2008 2108: 2096: 2089:Kershaw 2001 2084: 2072: 2065:Kershaw 2008 2060: 2053:Kershaw 2008 2048: 2036: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1853: 1841: 1829: 1822:Kershaw 2001 1738: 1701:Kershaw 2008 1671: 1658: 1647:nuchal crest 1640: 1627: 1610: 1597: 1584: 1567: 1554: 1541: 1528: 1520: 1512: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1462: 1455:Kershaw 2008 1449: 1436: 1423: 1416:Kershaw 2001 1410: 1397: 1358:Kershaw 2008 1352: 1345:Fischer 2008 1339: 1326: 1313: 1299:(miniseries) 1296: 1288: 1260: 1253: 1245: 1237: 1218:Artur Axmann 1200:Führerbunker 1184:in July 1945 1181:Führerbunker 1107:Joachim Fest 1100: 1084:Eastern Bloc 1080:Western Bloc 1078:between the 1065: 1036: 1034: 1027: 1023:Führerbunker 1019: 992: 984: 951: 948:West Germany 941: 930: 915: 904: 896: 885: 869:East Germany 837: 829: 791:Führerbunker 787: 762: 752: 736: 730:Führerbunker 693: 675: 668:Hans Reisser 656:Erich Kempka 646: 635:Rochus Misch 625: 617:Artur Axmann 613:Hitler Youth 602: 568: 555:Otto Günsche 549: 546:Bendlerblock 534:Führerbunker 533: 523: 502:prussic acid 487: 441:Traudl Junge 436:Führerbunker 424: 414: 390:Führerbunker 386: 351: 348:Werner Haase 333: 323: 297:Führerbunker 292: 276:Commonwealth 221: 215:Führerbunker 183:West Germany 176:campaign by 170:Soviet Union 167: 163:Otto Günsche 156: 126:Führerbunker 120:Nazi Germany 112:Adolf Hitler 110: 104:Nazi Germany 67: 51: 44: 34: 29: 5917:1945 deaths 5781:Johanna Ruf 5766:Helmut Kunz 5761:Erna Flegel 5725:Hans Refior 5644:Heinz Linge 5579:Else Krüger 5218:Geli Raubal 5062:Perceptions 4863:Wolf's Lair 4018:Independent 3605:Smithsonian 3520:6 September 3471:: e10–e12. 3411:5 September 3306:20 December 3266:Barber 2020 2787:Felton 2014 2625:Beevor 2002 2613:Beevor 2002 2546:Beevor 2002 2486:Beevor 2002 2462:Beevor 2002 2188:Beevor 2002 2176:Beevor 2002 2164:Shirer 1960 2125:Shirer 1960 2077:Shirer 1960 2041:Beevor 2002 2005:Shirer 1960 1993:Beevor 2002 1981:Shirer 1960 1957:Beevor 2002 1933:Beevor 2002 1921:Beevor 2002 1909:Shirer 1960 1897:Beevor 2002 1773:Lusher 2018 1731:Shirer 1960 1633:Lusher 2018 1603:Beevor 2002 1560:Shirer 1960 1534:Shirer 1960 1517:Beevor 2002 1468:Beevor 2002 1332:Beevor 2002 1265:(1973 film) 1256:(2004 film) 1240:(1981 film) 1216:Eyewitness 1161:Heinz Linge 1088:Berlin Wall 966:testimonies 853:Brandenburg 697:crematorium 579:Walther PPK 571:Heinz Linge 452:Karl Dönitz 5911:Categories 5844:Hans Krebs 5814:Eva Hitler 5810:(30 April) 5804:(24 April) 5679:Josef Ochs 5639:Georg Betz 5609:Peter Högl 5367:Robert Ley 5041:belongings 4932:Kampfhäusl 4853:Tannenberg 4848:Felsennest 4843:Anlage Süd 4838:Adlerhorst 4791:Places of 4700:in English 4689:Mein Kampf 4121:The Bunker 3914:11 January 3697:. London: 2751:Daley 2018 2522:Misch 2014 2378:Linge 2009 2366:Misch 2014 2219:Linge 2009 1716:Linge 2009 1547:Linge 2009 1246:The Bunker 1238:The Bunker 889:Dick White 717:See also: 660:Peter Högl 605:Hans Krebs 464:chancellor 201:See also: 116:chancellor 88:1945-04-30 5624:Hans Baur 5170:Eva Braun 5039:Personal 5020:Paintings 4990:Bodyguard 4975:Sexuality 4832:Vorbunker 4793:residence 4695:in Arabic 4578:(1): 47. 4457:(1993) . 4304:8 January 4267:(2002) . 4214:CRC Press 4187:(1994) . 4175:1 October 4118:(2001) . 4108:Doubleday 4069:(2014) . 4043:1 October 3950:(2001) . 3926:(1999) . 3895:464378076 3852:1 October 3841:The Times 3821:1 October 3807:Goñi, Uki 3589:1 October 3503:HVCA-2592 3242:Fest 2004 3077:Goñi 2009 2775:Fest 2004 2510:Ryan 1994 2270:Fest 2004 1685:Citations 1429:Fest 1974 1290:Vorbunker 1222:Nuremberg 1098:in 1991. 911:Communist 881:Biederitz 861:re-buried 857:Magdeburg 707:Aftermath 565:advances. 542:break-out 474:Eva Braun 431:Eva Braun 353:Luftwaffe 189:in 1956. 185:issued a 140:Eva Braun 5536:30 April 5490:29 April 5469:28 April 5453:24 April 5417:23 April 5381:22 April 5360:21 April 5339:20 April 5283:Category 5208:(sister) 5184:(mother) 5178:(father) 5137:Downfall 4683:Prophecy 4678:Speeches 4638:Politics 4543:16225223 4480:Articles 4441:(1965). 4419:(2004). 4359:(1962). 4234:(1960). 4170:BBC News 4143:(1995). 4100:(1950). 4053:cite web 3991:(2009). 3864:(1984). 3817:. London 3741:(1974). 3719:(2014). 3691:(1983). 3563:Archived 3536:CIA FOIA 3493:29159362 3485:29779904 3378:(2002). 3366:20 April 3360:BBC News 3301:ABC News 1254:Downfall 1230:See also 1076:Cold War 873:neo-Nazi 846:), from 778:mandible 774:maxillar 510:ampoules 268:Mannheim 260:Lorraine 234:between 228:Red Army 96:Location 5889:Unknown 5852:(2 May) 5846:(2 May) 5840:(2 May) 5834:(1 May) 5828:(1 May) 5822:(1 May) 4858:Werwolf 4812:Berghof 4592:4575430 3569:14 July 3546:17 July 3346:9 March 3321:Fortune 1224:in 1947 1119:Gallery 1112:tabloid 1011:sutures 615:leader 582:7.65 mm 520:Suicide 399:Reuters 246:in the 236:Küstrin 86: ( 5873:Blondi 5860:Killed 5242:Blondi 5172:(wife) 5162:Family 5123:Moloch 4953:Health 4918:Munich 4908:Vienna 4802:Führer 4733:Events 4724:Nazism 4646:Führer 4590: 4541: 4467: 4449:]. 4427: 4405: 4386: 4367: 4325: 4277: 4259:. CNN. 4244: 4220: 4197: 4153: 4128: 4077: 4001: 3977: 3958: 3936: 3893: 3874: 3795: 3772: 3751: 3744:Hitler 3727: 3705: 3677: 3653: 3628: 3611:1 June 3491: 3483: 3443: 3386: 1521:before 1248:(book) 1204:(1947) 1070:, the 1062:Legacy 842:, and 822:tartar 763:Führer 748:SMERSH 701:napalm 666:, and 647:Führer 621:petrol 514:Blondi 482:Blondi 356:chief 244:Allies 224:Poland 159:temple 100:Berlin 5713:2 May 5552:1 May 5252:Other 5244:(dog) 5069:Books 4985:Staff 4775:Death 4719:Books 4445:[ 4349:Books 3647:185–6 3514:(PDF) 3507:(PDF) 3489:S2CID 1501:after 933:trial 840:Magda 309:were 272:Italy 264:Mainz 252:Rhine 42:( 4903:Linz 4671:List 4588:PMID 4539:PMID 4507:Life 4465:ISBN 4425:ISBN 4403:ISBN 4384:ISBN 4365:ISBN 4323:ISBN 4306:2019 4275:ISBN 4242:ISBN 4218:ISBN 4195:ISBN 4177:2013 4151:ISBN 4126:ISBN 4075:ISBN 4059:link 4045:2013 4025:2018 3999:ISBN 3975:ISBN 3956:ISBN 3934:ISBN 3916:2015 3891:OCLC 3872:ISBN 3854:2013 3823:2013 3793:ISBN 3770:ISBN 3749:ISBN 3725:ISBN 3703:ISBN 3675:ISBN 3651:ISBN 3626:ISBN 3613:2021 3591:2013 3571:2024 3548:2019 3522:2018 3481:PMID 3441:ISBN 3413:2018 3384:ISBN 3368:2022 3348:2021 3328:2018 3308:2020 920:and 848:Buch 805:and 607:and 462:and 454:and 315:Elbe 288:Alps 256:Ruhr 238:and 232:Oder 168:The 78:Date 4580:doi 4531:doi 4493:BBC 4033:MI5 3583:CNN 3559:CNN 3473:doi 1649:. ( 1015:DNA 956:by 865:KGB 395:BBC 5913:: 4830:/ 4586:. 4576:31 4574:. 4554:. 4537:. 4527:50 4525:. 4519:. 4504:. 4491:. 4292:. 4216:. 4168:. 4055:}} 4051:{{ 4016:. 3906:. 3838:. 3813:. 3791:. 3701:. 3649:. 3602:. 3581:. 3557:. 3534:, 3487:. 3479:. 3469:54 3467:. 3461:. 3404:. 3358:. 3339:. 3319:. 3299:. 3126:^ 3099:^ 3084:^ 3067:^ 3028:^ 2965:^ 2902:^ 2707:^ 2668:^ 2589:^ 2226:^ 2207:^ 2144:^ 1865:^ 1814:^ 1795:^ 1780:^ 1765:^ 1750:^ 1723:^ 1708:^ 1693:^ 1666:). 1653:). 1635:). 1507:). 1475:^ 1381:^ 1365:^ 1321:). 1032:. 662:, 658:, 492:, 384:. 330:SS 290:. 284:Po 266:, 161:. 138:. 114:, 102:, 5318:e 5311:t 5304:v 4934:) 4930:( 4924:) 4920:( 4914:) 4910:( 4882:) 4834:) 4824:( 4818:) 4814:( 4623:e 4616:t 4609:v 4594:. 4582:: 4560:. 4533:: 4510:. 4495:. 4473:. 4433:. 4411:. 4392:. 4373:. 4331:. 4308:. 4283:. 4250:. 4226:. 4203:. 4179:. 4159:. 4134:. 4110:. 4083:. 4061:) 4047:. 4027:. 4007:. 3983:. 3964:. 3942:. 3918:. 3897:. 3880:. 3856:. 3825:. 3801:. 3778:. 3757:. 3733:. 3711:. 3683:. 3659:. 3634:. 3615:. 3593:. 3573:. 3495:. 3475:: 3449:. 3430:. 3415:. 3392:. 3370:. 3350:. 3330:. 3310:. 3268:. 3232:. 3220:. 3109:. 3094:. 3079:. 3062:. 2948:. 2936:. 2924:. 2912:. 2885:. 2873:. 2825:. 2813:. 2753:. 2603:. 2356:. 1775:. 645:( 332:- 90:) 49:. 47:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index