896:
1548:
857:
1591:. Eastern white pines are noted for holding their needles well, even long after being harvested. They also are well suited for people with allergies, as they give little to no aroma. A standard 1.8-meter (6 ft) tree takes around 6 to 8 years to grow in ideal conditions. Sheared varieties are usually desired because of their stereotypical Christmas tree conical shape, as naturally grown ones can be sparse, or grow bushy in texture. The branches of the eastern white pine are also widely used in making holiday wreaths and garlands because of their soft, feathery needles.
1185:
transportation to the farms of the west, where it is used for building purposes in dwellings, barns, and corn cribs, while as a fencing material it has no superior. Aside from those conditions which demand a dense strong timber, such as ship-building or in wagon-making, white pine has been found adaptable to all the economic uses in which lumber is required, not excluding its use in coarser articles of furniture. No wood has found greater favor or entered more fully into supplying all those wants of man which could be found in the forest growths.
1054:
1560:
1572:
924:
833:
1245:. Special barge-like vessels were built to ship tall white pines to England. The wood was often squared to better fit in the holds of these ships. A 30-metre (100 ft) mast was about 0.91 m × 0.91 m (3 ft × 3 ft) at the butt and 0.61 m × 0.61 m (2 ft × 2 ft) at the top, while a 37-metre (120 ft) mast was 1.2 m × 1.2 m (4 ft × 4 ft) by 0.76 m (30 in) on its ends.
845:
96:
454:
912:
1074:
439:
71:
943:
884:
44:
869:
1333:
1110:, the native gooseberry or wild currant. Foresters proposed that if all the alternate host plants were removed, white pine blister rust might be eliminated. A very determined campaign was mounted, and all land owners in commercial pine-growing regions were encouraged to uproot and kill all native gooseberry and wild currant plants. The ramifications for wildlife and
3031:
983:(NTS). Prior to their exploitation, it was common for white pines in northern Wisconsin to reach heights of over 61 m (200 ft). Three locations in the Southeastern United States and one site in the Northeastern United States have trees that are 55 m (180 ft) tall.Common height of 80 feet or more.
1357:
Freshly cut eastern white pine is yellowish white or a pale straw color, but pine wood which has aged many years tends to darken to a deep, rich, golden tan. Occasionally, one can find light brown pine boards with unusual yellowish-golden or reddish-brown hues. This is the famous "pumpkin pine". Slow
1028:
has the most numerous collection of 45 m (148 ft) eastern white pines in the
Northeast, with 110 trees measuring that height or more. The park's "Longfellow Pine" is the tallest presently living eastern white pine in the Northeast, at 55.96 m (183 ft 7 in) tall, as determined
1862:
The tree had four symbolic roots, the Great White Roots of Peace, spreading north, east, south, and west. If any other nation ever wished to join the League, it would have to follow the White Roots of Peace to the source and take shelter beneath the tree. Atop the tree, he placed an eagle to scream
958:
stands, the pine is reported to have grown as tall as 70 m (230 ft). No means exist for accurately documenting the height of trees from these times, but eastern white pine may have reached this height on rare occasions. Even greater heights have been reported in popular, but unverifiable,
478:
of eastern North
America. It prefers well-drained or sandy soils and humid climates, but can also grow in boggy areas and rocky highlands. In mixed forests, this dominant tree towers over many others, including some of the large broadleaf hardwoods. It provides food and shelter for numerous forest
1348:
Eastern white pine has often been used for timber frames, and is available in large sizes. Eastern white pine timbers are not particularly strong, so timbers increase in size to handle loads applied. This species accepts stains better than most, but it has little rot resistance, so should be used
1184:
Being of a soft texture and easily worked, taking paint better than almost any other variety of wood, it has been found adaptable to all the uses demanded in the building art, from the manufacture of packing cases to the bearing timber and finer finish of a dwelling. Of light weight, it has borne
818:
The branches are spaced about every 18 inches on the trunk with five or six branches appearing like spokes on a wagon wheel. Eastern white pine is self-fertile, but seeds produced this way tend to result in weak, stunted, and malformed seedlings. Mature trees are often 200–250 years old, and some
1459:
also used pine resin to successfully treat infections and even gangrenous wounds, because pine resin apparently has a number of quite efficient antimicrobials. Generally, a wet pulp from the inner bark, or pine tar mixed with beeswax or butter was applied to wounds and used as a salve to prevent
1130:
in
Pennsylvania, contains the tallest known tree in the Northeastern United States, a white pine named Longfellow Pine. Some white pines in Wisconsin are over 200 years old. Although widely planted as a landscape tree in the Midwestern states, native White pine is listed as "rare or uncommon" in
1117:
Today, native wild currants are relatively rare plants in New
England, and planting wild currants or wild gooseberries is strongly discouraged, or even illegal in some jurisdictions. As an alternative, new strains of commercial currants have been developed that are highly resistant to white pine
1201:
species, was a highly desired wood since huge, knot-free boards were the rule rather than the exception. Pine was common and easy to cut, thus many colonial homes used pine for paneling, floors, and furniture. Pine was also a favorite tree of loggers, since pine logs can still be processed in a
1049:
of the larger pines range from 1.0–1.6 m (3 ft 3 in – 5 ft 3 in), which translates to a circumference (girth) range of 3.1–5.0 m (10 ft 2 in – 16 ft 5 in). However, single-trunked white pines in both the
Northeast and Southeast with
978:
grows about 1 m (3.3 ft) annually between the ages of 15 and 45 years, with slower height increments before and after that age range. The tallest presently living specimens are 50–57.55 m (164 ft 1 in – 188 ft 10 in) tall, as determined by the
1033:
of
Massachusetts has 83 trees measuring 45 m (148 ft) or more tall, of which six exceed 48.8 m (160 ft). The "Jake Swamp Tree" located there is 51.54 m (169 ft 1 in) tall. The NTS maintains precise measurements of it. A private property in
966:
Total trunk volumes of the largest specimens are around 28 m (990 cu ft), with some past giants possibly reaching 37 to 40 m (1,300 to 1,400 cu ft). Photographic analysis of giants suggests volumes closer to 34 m (1,200 cu ft).
1202:
lumber mill a year or more after being cut down. In contrast, most hardwood trees such as cherry, maple, oak, and ash must be cut into 1" thick boards immediately after felling, or else large cracks will develop in the trunk which can render the wood worthless.
1442:, and others during times of winter starvation. The white, soft inner bark (cambial layer) was carefully separated from the hard, dark brown bark and dried. When pounded, this product can be used as flour or added to stretch other starchy products.
1279:
to arrest mill owners for the illegal possession of large white pines. That night, as the sheriff slept at the Pine Tree Tavern, he was attacked and nearly killed by an angry mob of colonists. This act of rebellion, later to become known as the
1050:
diameters over 1.45 m (4 ft 9 in) are exceedingly rare. Notable big pine sites of 40 ha (99 acres) or less often have no more than two or three trees in the 1.2- to 1.4-m-diameter class. Common diameter of 2-3 feet.
1863:
out a warning at the approach of danger. He symbolically planted the tree in the land of the
Onondagas, the place of the Grre, the confederate lords, or peace chiefs, would sit beneath it and be caretakers of the Great Peace.
1599:
White pine xylem has been used as a filter to clean certain bacteria from contaminated water. Hemacytometer tests revealed that at least 99.9% of bacteria tested were rejected after being passed through white pine xylem.
1081:
Because the eastern white pine tree is somewhat resistant to fire, mature survivors are able to reseed burned areas. In pure stands, mature trees usually have no branches on the lower half of their trunks. The
2754:
1876:
4525:
1358:
growing pines in old-growth forests are thought to accumulate colored products in the heartwood, but genetic factors and soil conditions may also play a role in rich color development.
1104:
Mortality from white pine blister rust in mature pine groves was often 50–80% during the early 20th century. The fungus must spend part of its lifecycle on alternate hosts of the genus
1369:
Cottontail, snowshoe rabbits, porcupines, can eat the bark. Red squirrels can eat the cones by extracting the seeds. Seeds are eaten by crossbills, pine siskin, and white tailed deer.
895:
1259:. Marking of large white pines by the Crown had become controversial in the colonies by the first third of the 18th century. In 1734, the King's men were assaulted and beaten in
2259:
1449:
Indians with meat, and were said to be sweet and not pitchy. In addition, the seeds are sweet and nutritious, but not as tasty as those of some of the western nut pines.
1271:
had been in the town investigating a stock pile of white pine in a pond and the ownership of the local timber mill before caning two townspeople. In 1772, the sheriff of
1532:
1506:
2211:
The Jake Swamp Tree was climbed and measured by tape drop in
November 1998 and October 2001. It was scheduled to be climbed and measured a third time in November 2008.
1547:
2964:
1519:
4530:
4187:
1010:
broke its top in
October 1995, Boogerman Pine was 63 m (207 ft) tall, as determined by Will Blozan and Robert Leverett using ground-based measurements.
4275:
1252:, had become the hub of pine logging and shipping. Portsmouth shipped 199 masts to England that year. In all, about 4500 masts were sent to England.
1298:
were originally made of eastern white pine. The original masts were single trees, but were later replaced by laminated spars to better withstand cannonballs.
4480:
2742:
1479:, for planting in gardens and parks. The species is low-maintenance and rapid-growing as a specimen tree. With regular shearing, it can also be trained as a
2467:
2288:
1698:
1404:
Pine tar is produced by slowly burning pine roots, branches, or small trunks in a partially smothered flame. Pine tar mixed with beer can be used to remove
3124:
2255:
2081:
2934:
2115:
3166:
1153:
2314:
1999:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Craig Tufts; Daniel
Mathews; Gil Nelson; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Terry Purinton; Block, Andrew (2008).
4359:
4125:
3175:
1412:(round worms). Pine tar mixed with sulfur is useful to treat dandruff, and marketed in present-day products. Pine tar can also be processed to make
844:
4535:
4200:
4138:
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2671:
3017:
4510:
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4298:
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1793:
856:
2518:
2008:
1889:
832:
577:
472:
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623:
or individual specimens of old-growth eastern white pines are found across the range of the species in the USA, including in Ordway Grove,
2355:
2808:
1020:
In the northeastern USA, eight sites in four states currently have trees over 48 m (157 ft) tall, as confirmed by the NTS. The
2715:
995:
991:
513:
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1926:
1671:
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529:
1635:
of Maine, and is prominently featured on the state's license plates. Sprigs of eastern white pine were worn as badges as a symbol of
950:
The eastern white pine has been described as the tallest tree in eastern North America, perhaps sharing the prize with the deciduous
4500:
2378:
2178:
1609:
95:
2246:
1571:
911:
4490:
4174:
651:
1835:
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4241:
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After the Revolutionary War, the fledgling United States used large white pines to build out its own navy. The masts of the
4349:
4262:
2956:
2719:
1656:
868:
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998:. At 57.55 m (188 ft 10 in) tall, it is the tallest accurately measured tree in North America east of the
4515:
3915:
1302:
823:, was dated to 458 years old in the late 1980s and trees in Michigan and Wisconsin were dated to roughly 500 years old.
674:
569:
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1771:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
4406:
3061:
2076:
923:
495:
4393:
2350:
Indiana Department of Natural Resources. (9 March 2020). Endangered, Threatened, and Extirpated Plants of Indiana.
1632:
597:
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Eastern white pine forests originally covered much of north-central and northeastern North America. Only 1% of the
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4520:
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1014:
647:
609:
557:
517:
211:
1065:
Unconfirmed reports from the colonial era gave diameters of virgin white pines of up to 2.4 m (8 ft).
1053:
771:–2 in) broad when open, and have scales with a rounded apex and slightly reflexed tip, often resinous. The
4303:
3895:
3243:
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2136:
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1620:
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1035:
670:
329:
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1305:, far east of its southernmost normal range. The king's mark was carved into it, giving rise to the town of
1164:
1003:
951:
601:
521:
516:. Other protected areas with known virgin forests, as confirmed by the Eastern Native Tree Society, include
4117:
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227:
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Boutilier, Michael S. H.; Lee, Jongho; Chambers, Valerie; Venkatesh, Varsha; Karnik, Rohit (2014-02-26).
986:
The southern Appalachian Mountains have the most locations and the tallest trees in the present range of
980:
3909:
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3647:
3642:
3197:
3103:
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325:
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https://web.archive.org/web/20200702141630/https://www.in.gov/dnr/naturepreserve/files/np-etrplants.pdf
1194:, who planted it for a timber crop, but had little success because of white pine blister rust disease.
2986:
2663:
1686:
1301:
In colonial times, an unusually large, lone, white pine was found in coastal South Carolina along the
711:("needles") are coniferous, occurring in fascicles (bundles) of five, or rarely three or four, with a
4290:
4050:
3849:
3772:
3668:
3550:
3422:
3353:
3311:
2842:
1498:
have been selected for small to dwarf mature forms, and foliage color characteristics. They include:
1276:
1214:
1160:. A quarter-million white pines were harvested and sent to lumber yards in Chicago in a single year.
955:
678:
372:
333:
4091:
2535:
1764:
1264:
3489:
3136:
2648:
Erichsen-Brown, C. 1979. Medicinal and Other Uses of North American Plants. Dover Publications, NY.
2490:
Nizalowski, E. 1997. The mystery of the Pumpkin Pine. Newark Valley Historical Society, Newark, NY.
2340:
https://web.archive.org/web/20200702142925/https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-34-W.pdf
1644:
1256:
1176:
1175:. It was considered "the most sought and most widely utilized of the various forest growths of the
1168:
1092:
640:
545:
541:
443:
195:
60:
4254:
2334:
Ruh, G., Creswell, T. (2017 Feb.) Tree Diseases: White Pine Decline in Indiana. Purdue Extension.
1741:
4452:
4008:
3879:
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3819:
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3213:
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1429:
1205:
Although eastern white pine was frequently used for flooring in buildings constructed before the
820:
662:
499:
423:
313:
90:
4444:
4385:
2170:
1797:
4192:
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4324:
4037:
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3343:
3192:
2878:
2860:
2800:
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2613:
2514:
2415:
2374:
2368:
2174:
2004:
1885:
1664:
1226:
1210:
1083:
506:
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maintain the tree as the central symbol of their multinational confederation, calling it the "
2395:
4329:
3710:
3705:
3616:
3597:
3560:
3397:
3268:
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2868:
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2707:
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1736:
1682:
1640:
1386:
1292:
1285:
902:
4218:
4166:
3131:
2335:
1126:
Old white pines are treasured in the United States. An American National Natural Landmark,
1073:
509:
remain after the extensive logging operations from the 18th century to early 20th century.
453:
4311:
3448:
1660:
1648:
1588:
1476:
1191:
1077:
An illustration dated 1902, showing a variety of insect pests affecting eastern white pine
999:
815: in) wing, and are dispersed by wind. Cone production peaks every 3 to 5 years.
715:
682:
636:
561:
549:
537:
419:
4372:
2846:
4485:
4367:
3875:
3829:
3732:
3632:
3611:
3607:
3473:
3458:
3387:
3327:
3294:
2873:
2830:
2626:
2591:
2163:
1974:
1827:
1281:
1230:
1206:
1007:
620:
613:
533:
120:
1905:
438:
4474:
4213:
3859:
3845:
3726:
3581:
3556:
3454:
3363:
3144:
3056:. Vol. 2. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1727:
1678:
1472:
1394:
655:
632:
491:
487:
480:
390:
362:
352:
348:
270:
80:
75:
3051:
1718:
1428:
word that means tree-eater, referred to their neighbors (more commonly known as the
4457:
4042:
3919:
3767:
3753:
3722:
3701:
3628:
1652:
1455:(sap) has been used by various tribes to waterproof baskets, pails, and boats. The
1438:
1157:
1025:
942:
605:
43:
2775:
2193:
Luthringer, D.J. 2009. Big Trees of Cook Forest. Pennsylvania Forests 100(3):8-12.
2104:"Height-Growth Patterns and Site Index of White Pine in the Southern Appalachians"
4411:
4228:
3118:
2896:
2855:
1663:
prominently featured the tree during its brief tenure as Maine's state flag. The
4434:
4267:
4249:
4151:
4002:
3905:
3495:
3259:
1390:
1332:
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in Czech Republic and southern Poland. It has spread from specimens planted as
4019:
3587:
3577:
3530:
3239:
2432:
1452:
1413:
1398:
1382:
1313:
1255:
The eastern white pine played a significant role in the events leading to the
1242:
1058:
726:
376:
133:
4081:
3993:
3012:
2864:
2617:
639:, New York. Many sites with conspicuously large specimens represent advanced
17:
4063:
3855:
3763:
3520:
3504:
3485:
3413:
3367:
3299:
3109:
2568:
2026:
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region
1378:
1234:
712:
581:
573:
321:
4424:
4339:
2882:
2635:
1953:
3030:
2608:
1114:
ecology were of less concern at the time than timber-industry protection.
4419:
3987:
3899:
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3659:
3536:
3516:
3499:
3464:
3444:
3417:
3403:
3359:
3280:
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3229:
1689:
of the city of Montreal to represent the indigenous peoples of the area.
1674:
1628:
1495:
1456:
1425:
1409:
1405:
1316:
1179:." Descriptions of its uses are quoted below from a 19th-century source:
1118:
blister rust. Mortality in white pines from rust is only about 3% today.
719:
628:
589:
565:
553:
469:
447:
386:
336:
and perhaps very rarely in some of the higher elevations in northeastern
317:
173:
4316:
4029:
2801:"MIT engineers make filters from tree branches to purify drinking water"
1505:
Nana group – 91 cm (3 ft) tall by 1.2 m (4 ft) wide
1038:, has approximately 60 specimens that are 45 m (148 ft) tall.
954:
whose range overlaps with eastern white pine in a few areas. In natural
418:
It is known as the "Weymouth pine" in the United Kingdom, after Captain
4130:
3865:
3815:
3526:
3373:
3290:
3223:
3219:
3188:
1636:
1613:
1172:
1132:
1111:
525:
406:
341:
337:
163:
153:
143:
4156:
3691:
3546:
3393:
3339:
3316:
3209:
1484:
1446:
708:
3964:
2140:
1952:
Francis, Kmihqitahaman David A.; Newell, Kmihqitahaman-ona Wayne A.
1531:'Paul Waxman' – 61 to 152 cm (2 to 5 ft) tall & wide.
1006:. It has been climbed and measured by tape drop by the NTS. Before
4179:
4068:
3795:
3591:
3468:
3434:
3377:
3349:
3284:
3233:
2001:
National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
1624:
1480:
1331:
1106:
1072:
1052:
990:. One survivor is a specimen known as the "Boogerman Pine" in the
941:
699:
624:
475:
452:
437:
427:
107:
3123:- information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
1361:
This wood is also favored by patternmakers for its easy working.
4055:
3885:
3805:
3638:
3601:
3383:
772:
486:
Fossilized white pine leaves and pollen have been discovered by
305:
183:
3968:
3148:
2668:
Native American Ethnobotany, University of Michigan – Dearborn)
2165:
The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An Ordination of Plant Communities
1518:'Macopin' – 30 to 91 cm (1 to 3 ft) tall & wide.
2060:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. p. 41.
2352:
https://www.in.gov/dnr/naturepreserve/files/np-etrplants.pdf
1225:
During the 17th and 18th centuries, tall white pines in the
2511:
American Canopy: Trees, Forests, and the Making of a Nation
2499:
Sloane, E. 1965. A Reverence for Wood. Balantine Books, NY.
2169:. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp.
2751:
Missouri Botanical Garden Kemper Center for Home Gardening
2417:
History of the Lumber and Forest Industry of the Northwest
757: in) long (rarely longer than that) and 4–5 cm (
1209:, the wood is soft and tends to cup over time with wear.
1096:), an introduced fungus, can damage or kill these trees.
850:
A mature seed cone that has opened and released its seeds
2336:
https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-34-W.pdf
1397:
noted in the 18th century that cattle and pigs fed pine
3050:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
3013:
Pinetum.org: Cone photo from Arboretum de Villardebelle
2434:
Eastern White Pine: The Tree Rooted in American History
2373:. New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company. p. 183.
1828:"Plants Profile for Pinus strobus (eastern white pine)"
1190:
The species was imported in 1620 to England by Captain
512:
Old-growth forests, or virgin stands, are protected in
1808:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2409:
2407:
1631:(as of 1955). Its "pine cone and tassel" is also the
1401:
grew well, but he personally did not like the taste.
1061:
of older foliage in the autumn, upstate New York, USA
1017:
in Michigan are 45–48 m (148–157 ft) tall.
1163:
The white pine had aesthetic appeal to contemporary
1152:
white pine forests played a major role in America's
946:
Measuring the circumference of an eastern white pine
4526:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
3977:
2028:. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 296.
2162:
1643:and are depicted in a stained-glass window in the
2232:Native Plant Society of NJ Newsletter Winter 2003
2805:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2024:Little, Elbert L. (1980). "Eastern White Pine".
1377:Eastern white pine needles exceed the amount of
1171:("There is no finer tree.") Beyond that, it had
1057:White pine boughs, showing annual yellowing and
718:. The leaves are flexible, bluish-green, finely
576:; Lost 40 Scientific and Natural Area (SNA) and
308:native to eastern North America. It occurs from
2592:"Arginine, scurvy and Cartier's "tree of life""
2567:. Williamsburg HomeTown Chamber. Archived from
2370:Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West
1182:
2285:"Old Growth Forests in the Pennsylvania Wilds"
1884:. University of California Press. p. 18.
795: in) long, with a slender 15–20 mm (
27:Species of conifer in the pine family Pinaceae
3160:
2692:Fernald, M.; Kinsey, A.; Rollins, R. (1943).
2486:
2484:
1742:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42417A2978687.en
1445:The young staminate cones were stewed by the
838:Leaves (needles) of new shoots in late summer
8:
3053:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
2397:The Writings of Henry David Thoreau: Journal
1381:of lemons and oranges and make an excellent
1197:Old-growth pine in the Americas, of various
3125:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
2256:New Hampshire Division of Forests and Lands
2230:Ling, H. (2003). "The Eastern White Pine".
1667:also use the tree in their uniform badges.
1241:, a mast pine was reserved for the British
1002:, though this conflicts with citations for
3965:
3167:
3153:
3145:
2534:Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice (June 27, 2017).
2460:"The New Hampshire Pine Tree Riot of 1772"
2431:Asselin, Ray (producer, narrator) (2019).
1312:Eastern white pine is now widely grown in
69:
42:
31:
3018:The Monday Garden: The Eastern White Pine
2872:
2854:
2625:
2607:
2596:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
1740:
819:live over 400 years. A tree growing near
2658:
2656:
2654:
1954:"Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Language Portal"
1788:
1786:
1122:Conservation status in the United States
917:Mature White Pine Cook Forest State Park
426:, who brought its seeds to England from
2437:(Motion picture). New England Forests.
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2202:Jake Swamp Tree: 51.54m in August 2008.
1709:
1699:Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
1677:(Iroquois Confederation) named it the "
1539:
1148:In the 19th century, the harvesting of
828:
722:, and 5–13 cm (2–5 in) long.
483:, and small mammals such as squirrels.
4531:Plants used in Native American cuisine
2737:
2735:
2536:"Construction of the USS Constitution"
1769:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
1681:". Since 2017, it has appeared on the
1587:Smaller specimens are popular as live
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
1806:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
578:Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
473:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
324:, United States, and south along the
7:
4291:be639214-3d69-4476-8d89-7d4cdac04218
2907:from the original on 20 January 2022
2831:"Water Filtration Using Plant Xylem"
4481:IUCN Red List least concern species
3078:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
2967:from the original on March 29, 2023
2937:from the original on March 29, 2023
2716:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
2414:Hotchkiss, George Woodward (1861).
2072:"Dr. Brian Axsmith's Research Area"
1860:. Infobase Publishing. p. 21.
1728:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
996:Great Smoky Mountains National Park
514:Great Smoky Mountains National Park
502:, where the tree no longer occurs.
3952:, beautification and conservation
3176:State flowers of the United States
3114:University of California, Berkeley
2513:. New York: Scribner. p. 30.
2309:Johnson, Christopher and Barbara.
2245:Lombard, K.; Bofinger, J. (1999).
2003:. New York: Sterling. p. 77.
1432:) who collected the inner bark of
1389:is edible. It is also a source of
1273:Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
530:Sainte-Marguerite River Old Forest
25:
1931:Mi'gmaq-Mi'kmaq Online Dictionary
355:", where the Seneca use the name
4399:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:197100-2
3029:
2565:"History of Williamsburg County"
1878:A Grammar of the Seneca Language
1619:In the United States, it is the
1570:
1558:
1546:
1420:Native American traditional uses
922:
910:
894:
882:
867:
855:
843:
831:
94:
2997:from the original on 2006-12-14
2811:from the original on 2021-10-26
2782:from the original on 2010-11-20
2757:from the original on 2013-03-04
2674:from the original on 2013-05-25
2546:from the original on 2021-03-17
2470:from the original on 2020-07-28
2441:from the original on 2021-12-12
2317:from the original on 2019-10-15
2291:from the original on 2019-09-19
2265:from the original on 2023-01-06
2118:from the original on 2014-03-17
2084:from the original on 2018-10-10
1838:from the original on 2020-08-28
1263:, in what was to be called the
1090:) and white pine blister rust (
959:accounts such as Robert Pike's
652:William Cullen Bryant Homestead
4536:Garden plants of North America
2509:Rutkow, Eric (24 April 2012).
2464:New England Historical Society
1608:The eastern white pine is the
877:and young needles in late June
1:
4511:Provincial symbols of Ontario
3490:Pink and white lady's slipper
2720:University of Texas at Austin
2696:. New York: Harper & Row.
2394:Thoreau, Henry David (1861).
2056:Grimm, William Carey (1966).
1657:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1483:. Some cultivars are used in
2856:10.1371/journal.pone.0089934
2590:Durzan, Don J (2009-02-02).
1659:and the state of Maine. The
1233:pines". Marked by agents of
570:Menominee Indian Reservation
457:Partial distribution map of
4506:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3062:Harvard University Herbaria
2077:University of South Alabama
1763:Carey, Jennifer H. (1993).
729:are slender, 8–16 cm (
496:University of South Alabama
442:Native eastern white pine,
385:to name the tree, both the
340:. It is considered rare in
312:, Canada, west through the
4562:
3940:, state children's flower
3439:White pine cone and tassel
3095:Bioimages.vanderbilt.edu:
2540:historyofmassachusetts.org
2311:"Menominee Forest Keepers"
1979:Western Abenaki Dictionary
1856:Graymont, Barbara (2009).
1424:The name "Adirondack", an
1275:, was sent to the town of
1217:at Mount Vernon, instead.
1213:opted for the much harder
598:Hearts Content Scenic Area
4496:Trees of Northern America
3929:
3890:Bougainvillea spectabilis
3182:
3058:Missouri Botanical Garden
2137:"NTS—Native Tree Society"
1250:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
1031:Mohawk Trail State Forest
1015:Hartwick Pines State Park
1013:The tallest specimens in
693:Like most members of the
675:Outer Western Carpathians
648:Mohawk Trail State Forest
610:Linville Gorge Wilderness
558:Hartwick Pines State Park
518:Algonquin Provincial Park
260:
253:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
50:
41:
34:
4501:Plants described in 1753
3254:Rocky Mountain columbine
2367:Cronon, William (1991).
1906:"Mohawk Basic Knowledge"
1349:only in dry conditions.
1319:within its native area.
1036:Claremont, New Hampshire
3088:The Gymnosperm Database
2248:White Pine Blister Rust
1875:Chafe, Wallace (2015).
1565:Pinus Strobus 'Pigmaea'
1553:Pinus strobus 'Pendula'
1173:commercial applications
1004:Liriodendron tulipifera
602:Anders Run Natural Area
522:Quetico Provincial Park
4491:Hardwood forest plants
3946:, state floral emblem
3224:Saguaro cactus blossom
3060:, St. Louis, MO &
2933:. September 20, 2014.
1340:
1284:, may have fueled the
1187:
1128:Cook Forest State Park
1078:
1062:
1022:Cook Forest State Park
947:
594:Cook Forest State Park
586:White Pines State Park
524:, Algoma Highlands in
462:
450:
284:, commonly called the
4541:Plants used in bonsai
3042:Kral, Robert (1993).
2747:(eastern white pine)"
2712:Native Plant Database
2609:10.1186/1746-4269-5-5
2161:Curtis, John (1959).
1577:Pinus Strobus 'Diggy'
1335:
1261:Exeter, New Hampshire
1076:
1069:Mortality and disease
1056:
961:Tall Trees, Tough Men
945:
646:. The tall stands in
644:ecological succession
456:
441:
326:Appalachian Mountains
3784:Tennessee coneflower
3773:Purple passionflower
3711:Penngift crown vetch
3648:Large white trillium
3354:Syringa, mock orange
3038:at Wikimedia Commons
2987:"Maine State Flower"
2963:. October 10, 2014.
2957:"Eastern White Pine"
2897:"Eastern white pine"
2776:"Christmas tree.org"
1735:: e.T42417A2978687.
1639:identity during the
1215:southern yellow pine
901:Large white pine in
679:Carpathian Mountains
373:Wabanaki Confederacy
4516:Symbols of Michigan
3934:: state wildflower
3566:Pink lady's slipper
3137:Plants for a Future
2847:2014PLoSO...989934B
2571:on January 31, 2012
2102:Beck, D.E. (1971).
1832:www.plants.usda.gov
1717:Farjon, A. (2013).
1645:Vermont State House
1373:Foods and medicines
1257:American Revolution
1169:Henry David Thoreau
1093:Cronartium ribicola
981:Native Tree Society
677:subdivision of the
546:Sylvania Wilderness
542:Porcupine Mountains
532:in Quebec, Canada;
479:birds, such as the
444:Sylvania Wilderness
290:northern white pine
61:Conservation status
3840:Coast rhododendron
3198:Oak-leaf hydrangea
2694:Edible Wild Plants
2283:Luthringer, Dale.
1341:
1154:westward expansion
1079:
1063:
1029:by tape drop. The
992:Cataloochee Valley
948:
821:Syracuse, New York
663:introduced species
507:old-growth forests
500:Gulf Coastal Plain
463:
451:
424:British Royal Navy
314:Great Lakes region
286:eastern white pine
4468:
4467:
4325:Open Tree of Life
3971:Taxon identifiers
3962:
3961:
3870:Indian paintbrush
3643:Scarlet carnation
3633:Wild prairie rose
3612:Flowering dogwood
3388:Wild prairie rose
3344:Hawaiian hibiscus
3034:Media related to
2961:State Symbols USA
2931:State Symbols USA
2807:. 25 March 2021.
2520:978-1-4391-9354-9
2058:The Book of Trees
2010:978-1-4027-3875-3
1891:978-0-520-28641-2
1665:Maine State Guard
1627:(as of 1945) and
1471:is cultivated by
1323:Contemporary uses
1229:became known as "
1227:Thirteen Colonies
1211:George Washington
1084:white pine weevil
775:are 4–5 mm (
616:, United States.
556:, United States;
391:Peskotomuhkatiyik
277:
276:
84:
16:(Redirected from
4553:
4546:Ornamental trees
4521:Symbols of Maine
4461:
4460:
4448:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4401:
4389:
4388:
4376:
4375:
4363:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4268:NBNSYS0000013976
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4209:
4208:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4147:
4146:
4134:
4133:
4121:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4095:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4023:
4022:
4013:
4012:
4011:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3830:American dogwood
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3749:
3748:
3737:Yellow jessamine
3718:
3717:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3675:
3655:
3654:
3624:
3623:
3573:
3572:
3512:
3511:
3481:
3480:
3449:Black-eyed susan
3430:
3429:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3323:
3307:
3306:
3276:
3275:
3269:Mirabilis jalapa
3244:California poppy
3205:
3204:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3146:
3141:
3112:photo database,
3091:
3073:Distribution map
3065:
3064:, Cambridge, MA.
3033:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2858:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2611:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2364:
2358:
2348:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2168:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2139:. Archived from
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1714:
1641:Vermont Republic
1595:Water filtration
1574:
1562:
1550:
1408:(flat worms) or
1286:Boston Tea Party
926:
914:
903:Southern Ontario
898:
886:
871:
859:
847:
835:
814:
813:
809:
804:
803:
799:
794:
793:
789:
784:
783:
779:
770:
769:
765:
762:
756:
755:
751:
748:
742:
741:
737:
734:
695:white pine group
683:ornamental trees
544:State Park, and
468:is found in the
461:in North America
368:onerahtase'ko:wa
332:to northernmost
316:to southeastern
266:
232:
216:
99:
98:
78:
73:
72:
46:
32:
21:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4441:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4418:
4410:
4405:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4356:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4336:
4328:
4323:
4315:
4312:Observation.org
4310:
4302:
4297:
4289:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4226:MichiganFlora:
4225:
4217:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4163:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3973:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3880:Paogo (Ulafala)
3788:
3787:
3777:
3776:
3746:
3745:
3715:
3714:
3706:Mountain laurel
3684:
3683:
3673:
3672:
3652:
3651:
3621:
3620:
3570:
3569:
3509:
3508:
3478:
3477:
3474:Dwarf lake iris
3427:
3426:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3320:
3304:
3303:
3273:
3272:
3264:Mountain laurel
3202:
3201:
3178:
3173:
3132:"Pinus strobus"
3130:
3077:
3041:
3026:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2758:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2722:
2708:"Pinus strobus"
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2675:
2664:"Pinus strobus"
2662:
2661:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2349:
2345:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1841:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1765:"Pinus strobus"
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1695:
1661:1901 Maine Flag
1649:Flag of Vermont
1610:provincial tree
1606:
1597:
1589:Christmas trees
1585:
1583:Christmas trees
1578:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1551:
1493:
1477:ornamental tree
1473:plant nurseries
1466:
1375:
1367:
1355:
1353:Characteristics
1346:
1330:
1325:
1223:
1192:George Weymouth
1188:
1146:
1141:
1139:Historical uses
1124:
1102:
1088:Pissodes strobi
1071:
1044:
1000:Rocky Mountains
973:
940:
935:
934:
933:
930:
929:Cones and seeds
927:
918:
915:
906:
899:
890:
887:
878:
872:
863:
862:Closeup of bark
860:
851:
848:
839:
836:
811:
807:
806:
801:
797:
796:
791:
787:
786:
781:
777:
776:
767:
763:
760:
758:
753:
749:
746:
744:
739:
735:
732:
730:
691:
637:Adirondack Park
562:Lower Peninsula
550:Upper Peninsula
538:Huron Mountains
436:
420:George Weymouth
300:(British), and
273:
268:
262:
249:
246:P. strobus
230:
214:
93:
85:
74:
70:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4559:
4557:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:wfo-0000481530
4449:
4439:
4429:
4416:
4403:
4390:
4377:
4364:
4354:
4344:
4334:
4321:
4308:
4295:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4223:
4210:
4197:
4184:
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4148:
4135:
4122:
4109:
4096:
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4060:
4047:
4034:
4024:
4014:
3999:
3983:
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3923:
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3912:
3902:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3812:
3802:
3800:Bluebonnet sp.
3792:
3760:
3750:
3729:
3719:
3698:
3688:
3669:Indian blanket
3656:
3635:
3625:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3553:
3543:
3533:
3523:
3513:
3492:
3482:
3461:
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3423:Louisiana iris
3410:
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3390:
3380:
3370:
3356:
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3308:
3295:Orange blossom
3287:
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3256:
3246:
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3226:
3216:
3206:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3174:
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3149:
3143:
3142:
3128:
3116:
3101:
3092:
3075:
3066:
3039:
3025:
3024:External links
3022:
3021:
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3015:
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3007:
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2888:
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2792:
2767:
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2466:. 2014-04-13.
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2420:. p. 752.
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2153:
2128:
2114:(2): 252–260.
2108:Forest Science
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2063:
2031:
2016:
2009:
1991:
1966:
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1918:
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1282:Pine Tree Riot
1265:Mast Tree Riot
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936:
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909:
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900:
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889:Branch pattern
888:
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864:
861:
854:
852:
849:
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840:
837:
830:
827:
826:
825:
690:
687:
658:are examples.
614:North Carolina
534:Estivant Pines
435:
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387:Wolastoqewiyik
363:Kanienʼkehá:ka
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4395:
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4374:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4360:pinus-strobus
4355:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4340:Pinus_strobus
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
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4256:
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4127:
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4119:
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4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4010:
4009:Pinus strobus
4004:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:Pinus strobus
3976:
3972:
3967:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
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3808:
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3801:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3758:Pasque flower
3756:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
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3720:
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3703:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
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3665:
3664:Oklahoma rose
3662:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3626:
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3617:Carolina lily
3613:
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3501:
3498:
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3469:Apple blossom
3467:
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3329:
3328:Cherokee rose
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:Peach blossom
3283:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:Apple blossom
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:Forget-me-not
3212:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3170:
3165:
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3158:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:Pinus strobus
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:Pinus strobus
3102:
3100:
3098:
3097:Pinus strobus
3093:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:Pinus strobus
3076:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3046:Pinus strobus
3040:
3037:
3036:Pinus strobus
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2982:
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2949:
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2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2866:
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2852:
2848:
2844:
2841:(2): e89934.
2840:
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2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2745:Pinus strobus
2738:
2736:
2732:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2673:
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2619:
2615:
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2435:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:. p. 33.
2399:
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2380:9780393072457
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2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2180:9780299019402
2176:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2154:
2143:on 2018-08-17
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2117:
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2012:
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1995:
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1955:
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1859:
1852:
1849:
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1800:Pinus strobus
1795:
1789:
1787:
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1770:
1766:
1759:
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1730:
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1721:Pinus strobus
1713:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:Tree of Peace
1676:
1675:Haudenosaunee
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:, and on the
1650:
1646:
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1582:
1573:
1568:
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1556:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1537:'Paul Waxman'
1536:
1535:Pinus strobus
1530:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1522:Pinus strobus
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
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1504:
1501:
1500:
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1343:
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1338:Pinus strobus
1334:
1327:
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696:
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686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
656:Massachusetts
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
633:Massachusetts
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
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583:
579:
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547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:paleobotanist
489:
488:Brian Axsmith
484:
482:
481:red crossbill
477:
474:
471:
467:
460:
455:
449:
445:
440:
433:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
413:
409:use the term
408:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
388:
384:
383:
379:use the term
378:
374:
371:. Within the
370:
369:
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:Tree of Peace
350:
349:Haudenosaunee
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:Weymouth pine
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
281:Pinus strobus
272:
267:
265:
264:Pinus strobus
259:
256:
255:Binomial name
252:
248:
247:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
217:Quinquefoliae
210:
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139:
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126:
125:
122:
121:Tracheophytes
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
97:
92:
88:
82:
77:
76:Least Concern
66:
62:
57:
53:
52:Pinus strobus
49:
45:
40:
37:
36:Pinus strobus
33:
30:
19:
18:Weymouth pine
3978:
3931:
3920:Yellow elder
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3850:Rhododendron
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3794:
3782:
3771:
3762:
3752:
3740:
3731:
3721:
3709:
3700:
3696:Oregon grape
3690:
3678:
3667:
3658:
3646:
3637:
3627:
3615:
3606:
3596:
3592:Yucca flower
3586:
3576:
3564:
3561:Purple lilac
3555:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3515:
3503:
3494:
3484:
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3208:
3196:
3187:
3135:
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3104:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3070:
3052:
3045:
2999:. Retrieved
2991:Netstate.com
2990:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2960:
2951:
2939:. Retrieved
2930:
2927:"White Pine"
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2900:
2891:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2813:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2784:. Retrieved
2770:
2759:. Retrieved
2750:
2744:
2723:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2676:. Retrieved
2667:
2644:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2575:November 10,
2573:. Retrieved
2569:the original
2559:
2548:. Retrieved
2539:
2529:
2510:
2504:
2495:
2472:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2443:. Retrieved
2433:
2426:
2416:
2396:
2389:
2369:
2362:
2346:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2304:
2293:. Retrieved
2278:
2267:. Retrieved
2247:
2240:
2231:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2164:
2156:
2145:. Retrieved
2141:the original
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2107:
2097:
2086:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2057:
2025:
2019:
2000:
1994:
1984:10 September
1982:. Retrieved
1978:
1975:"White Pine"
1969:
1959:10 September
1957:. Retrieved
1947:
1937:10 September
1935:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1911:10 September
1909:. Retrieved
1900:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1858:The Iroquois
1857:
1851:
1840:. Retrieved
1831:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1799:
1773:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1732:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1669:
1653:naval ensign
1633:state flower
1618:
1607:
1598:
1586:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1511:(Nana Group)
1508:
1502:
1494:
1468:
1467:
1451:
1444:
1439:Picea rubens
1437:
1433:
1423:
1403:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1337:
1311:
1300:
1295:Constitution
1294:
1290:
1269:David Dunbar
1254:
1247:
1224:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1162:
1158:Great Plains
1156:through the
1147:
1125:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1100:Blister rust
1091:
1087:
1080:
1064:
1045:
1026:Pennsylvania
1019:
1012:
987:
985:
975:
974:
965:
960:
949:
875:Pollen cones
817:
724:
704:
698:
692:
671:naturalizing
666:
660:
618:
606:Pennsylvania
548:Area in the
511:
504:
485:
465:
464:
458:
434:Distribution
417:
411:
410:
401:
400:
395:
394:
381:
380:
367:
366:
357:
356:
346:
310:Newfoundland
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
279:
278:
263:
261:
245:
244:
228:
224:Subsection:
212:
200:
196:
184:
134:Gymnospermae
127:
114:
51:
35:
29:
4373:kew-2562165
4250:NatureServe
4152:iNaturalist
4003:Wikispecies
3900:Flores mayo
3860:Wood violet
1748:19 November
1464:Cultivation
1460:infection.
1430:Algonquians
1391:resveratrol
1303:Black River
1239:broad arrow
1165:naturalists
956:precolonial
689:Description
304:is a large
4475:Categories
4442:WisFlora:
4368:Plant List
3820:Red clover
3531:Bitterroot
3127:(EUFORGEN)
3071:P. strobus
3001:2006-07-16
2911:20 January
2901:Ontario.ca
2815:2021-10-26
2786:2010-11-29
2761:2013-01-13
2725:2013-01-13
2678:2013-01-13
2550:2021-03-08
2474:2020-07-28
2445:2021-03-11
2321:2019-10-15
2295:2019-10-15
2269:2023-01-06
2147:2009-11-09
2122:2014-03-17
2088:2020-05-10
1933:. Listuguj
1842:2020-10-07
1812:22 January
1794:USDA, NRCS
1705:References
1672:indigenous
1621:state tree
1616:, Canada.
1529:P. strobus
1516:P. strobus
1503:P. strobus
1469:P. strobus
1453:Pine resin
1434:P. strobus
1414:turpentine
1399:bark bread
1383:herbal tea
1314:plantation
1267:. Colonel
1243:Royal Navy
1221:Mast pines
1150:Midwestern
1059:abscission
988:P. strobus
976:P. strobus
952:tulip tree
938:Dimensions
727:seed cones
667:P. strobus
608:; and the
466:P. strobus
459:P. strobus
405:, and the
328:and upper
294:white pine
192:Subgenus:
140:Division:
4118:200005357
4105:200005357
3810:Sego lily
3742:Goldenrod
3680:Mistletoe
3551:Sagebrush
3541:Goldenrod
3459:Mayflower
3408:Goldenrod
3398:Sunflower
3110:CalPhotos
3069:EFLORAS:
2971:March 29,
2941:March 29,
2865:1932-6203
2618:1746-4269
1775:12 August
1647:, on the
1604:Symbolism
1524:'Macopin'
1496:Cultivars
1491:Cultivars
1410:nematodes
1406:tapeworms
1379:vitamin C
1336:Board of
1307:Kingstree
1288:in 1773.
1248:By 1719,
1237:with the
1235:the Crown
1177:northwest
1047:Diameters
713:deciduous
703:subgenus
641:old-field
582:Minnesota
574:Wisconsin
498:, in the
430:in 1605.
322:Minnesota
302:soft pine
240:Species:
208:Section:
154:Pinopsida
144:Pinophyta
104:Kingdom:
4432:VASCAN:
4425:24900219
4420:Tropicos
4337:PalDat:
4255:2.161641
4193:11305321
4180:263339-1
4027:BioLib:
3988:Wikidata
3521:Hawthorn
3505:Tickseed
3500:Magnolia
3418:Magnolia
3368:Milkweed
3300:Tickseed
3193:Camellia
2995:Archived
2965:Archived
2935:Archived
2905:Archived
2883:24587134
2835:PLOS ONE
2809:Archived
2780:Archived
2755:Archived
2672:Archived
2636:19187550
2544:Archived
2468:Archived
2439:Archived
2315:Archived
2289:Archived
2260:Archived
2116:Archived
2082:Archived
1836:Archived
1796:(n.d.).
1693:See also
1629:Michigan
1457:Chippewa
1426:Iroquois
1395:Linnaeus
1317:forestry
1167:such as
1042:Diameter
905:, Canada
720:serrated
629:Ice Glen
590:Illinois
566:Michigan
554:Michigan
470:nearctic
448:Michigan
393:call it
365:call it
361:and the
330:Piedmont
318:Manitoba
231:subsect.
174:Pinaceae
170:Family:
81:IUCN 3.1
4237:MoBotPF
4131:5284982
4056:1061748
3994:Q157230
3932:Italics
3108:in the
2874:3935949
2843:Bibcode
2627:2647905
1655:of the
1637:Vermont
1614:Ontario
1387:cambium
1365:Ecology
1133:Indiana
1112:habitat
810:⁄
800:⁄
790:⁄
780:⁄
766:⁄
752:⁄
738:⁄
705:Strobus
673:in the
669:is now
560:in the
526:Ontario
494:at the
422:of the
407:Abenaki
377:Mi'kmaq
342:Indiana
338:Alabama
334:Georgia
233:Strobus
201:Strobus
180:Genus:
164:Pinales
160:Order:
150:Class:
108:Plantae
79: (
4381:PLANTS
4330:568616
4288:NZOR:
4242:285004
4206:183385
4092:pinstr
4089:FEIS:
4082:150623
3727:Violet
3582:Violet
3364:Violet
3317:Azalea
3099:images
2881:
2871:
2863:
2634:
2624:
2616:
2517:
2377:
2234:: 2–3.
2177:
2173:–205.
2007:
1927:"Pine"
1888:
1485:bonsai
1475:as an
1447:Ojibwe
1385:. The
1328:Lumber
1144:Lumber
971:Height
716:sheath
709:leaves
707:, the
661:As an
635:; and
621:groves
619:Small
600:, and
528:, and
375:, the
358:o’sóä’
199:subg.
54:group
4486:Pinus
4412:13138
4357:PPE:
4347:PFI:
4299:NZPCN
4219:42417
4188:IRMNG
4164:IPA:
4157:52391
4144:28551
4077:EUNIS
4069:PIUST
4043:4J2HY
4017:APA:
3378:Peony
2602:: 5.
2263:(PDF)
2252:(PDF)
1882:(PDF)
1625:Maine
1533:MBG:
1507:MBG:
1481:hedge
1277:Weare
1199:Pinus
1107:Ribes
773:seeds
700:Pinus
625:Maine
476:biome
428:Maine
402:kuwes
215:sect.
185:Pinus
128:Clade
115:Clade
4445:4506
4435:7195
4394:POWO
4386:PIST
4317:7198
4304:3081
4281:3348
4276:NCBI
4229:1925
4214:IUCN
4201:ITIS
4175:IPNI
4167:2762
4139:GRIN
4126:GBIF
4064:EPPO
4030:2337
3910:Maga
3768:Iris
3602:Rose
2973:2023
2943:2023
2913:2022
2879:PMID
2861:ISSN
2632:PMID
2614:ISSN
2577:2011
2515:ISBN
2375:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1986:2023
1961:2023
1939:2023
1913:2023
1886:ISBN
1814:2018
1777:2013
1750:2021
1733:2013
1687:seal
1685:and
1683:flag
1670:The
1520:MBG:
1293:USS
1231:mast
725:The
650:and
490:, a
412:kowa
389:and
382:guow
347:The
320:and
306:pine
4453:WFO
4407:RHS
4350:166
4263:NBN
4113:FoC
4100:FNA
4051:EoL
4038:CoL
4020:215
2869:PMC
2851:doi
2622:PMC
2604:doi
2171:204
1737:doi
1623:of
1612:of
1024:of
994:of
654:in
612:in
604:in
580:in
572:in
564:of
552:of
399:or
396:kuw
229:P.
213:P.
4477::
4455::
4422::
4409::
4396::
4383::
4370::
4327::
4314::
4301::
4278::
4265::
4252::
4239::
4216::
4203::
4190::
4177::
4154::
4141::
4128::
4115::
4102::
4079::
4066::
4053::
4040::
4005::
3990::
3955:BC
3949:FE
3943:CH
3937:WF
3916:VI
3906:PR
3896:MP
3886:GU
3876:AS
3866:WY
3856:WI
3846:WV
3836:WA
3826:VA
3816:VT
3806:UT
3796:TX
3789:WF
3781:,
3778:WF
3770:,
3764:TN
3754:SD
3747:WF
3739:,
3733:SC
3723:RI
3716:BC
3708:,
3702:PA
3692:OR
3685:FE
3677:,
3674:WF
3666:,
3660:OK
3653:WF
3645:,
3639:OH
3629:ND
3622:WF
3614:,
3608:NC
3598:NY
3588:NM
3578:NJ
3571:WF
3563:,
3557:NH
3547:NV
3537:NE
3527:MT
3517:MO
3510:WF
3502:,
3496:MS
3486:MN
3479:WF
3471:,
3465:MI
3455:MA
3445:MD
3435:ME
3428:WF
3420:,
3414:LA
3404:KY
3394:KS
3384:IA
3374:IN
3366:,
3360:IL
3350:ID
3340:HI
3333:FE
3325:,
3322:WF
3312:GA
3305:WF
3297:,
3291:FL
3281:DE
3274:CH
3266:,
3260:CT
3250:CO
3240:CA
3230:AR
3220:AZ
3210:AK
3203:WF
3195:,
3189:AL
3134:.
3086:.
2993:.
2989:.
2959:.
2929:.
2903:.
2899:.
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2867:.
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2833:.
2803:.
2778:.
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2714:.
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2670:.
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2630:.
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2338:|
2313:.
2287:.
2258:.
2254:.
2216:^
2112:17
2110:.
2106:.
2080:.
2074:.
2034:^
1977:.
1929:.
1834:.
1830:.
1804:.
1785:^
1767:.
1731:.
1725:.
1487:.
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1416:.
1393:.
1309:.
1135:.
963:.
792:16
782:32
697:,
685:.
665:,
631:,
627:;
596:,
592:;
588:,
584:;
568:;
540:,
536:,
520:,
446:,
415:.
344:.
296:,
292:,
288:,
271:L.
197:P.
130::
117::
3168:e
3161:t
3154:v
3140:.
3090:.
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3004:.
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2915:.
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2818:.
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2638:.
2606::
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2579:.
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2324:.
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2272:.
2183:.
2150:.
2125:.
2091:.
2013:.
1988:.
1963:.
1941:.
1915:.
1894:.
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1816:.
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1752:.
1739::
1723:"
1719:"
1086:(
812:4
808:3
805:–
802:8
798:5
788:3
785:–
778:5
768:2
764:1
761:+
759:1
754:4
750:1
747:+
745:6
743:–
740:4
736:1
733:+
731:3
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20:)
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