82:
389:
257:
218:
38:
57:
379:
The white-capped albatross averages 90 to 99 cm (35–39 in) in length, with a wingspan of 220 to 256 cm (87–101 in). It weighs 3.4 to 4.4 kg (7.5–9.7 lb) It has a bold white cap that contrasts with a pale silver gray face and a darker brow. Some adults have
1005:
Baker, G. B.; Double, M. C.; Gales, R.; Tuck, G. N.; Abbott, C. L.; Ryan, P. G.; Petersen, S. L.; Robertson, C. J. R.; Alderman, R. (2007). "A global assessment of the impact of fisheries-related mortality on Shy and White-capped
Albatrosses: conservation implications".
380:
a white back with brown tipped feathers. They have a dark gray mantle and a black tail. Most of the rest of the body is white. Its bill is pale gray to blue with a yellow tip. Juveniles have a gray bill with a dark tip, and their head is darker, with gray to the collar.
954:
Abbott, C. L.; Double, M. C.; Gales, R.; Baker, G. B.; Lashko, A.; Robertson, C. J. R.; Ryan, P. G. (2006). "Molecular provenance analysis for Shy and White-capped
Albatrosses killed by fisheries interactions in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa".
1364:
Tennyson, A.; Imber, M.; Taylor, R. (1998). "Numbers of Black-browed
Mollymawks (Diomedea m. melanophrys) and White-capped Mollymawks (D. cauta steadi) at the Antipodes Islands in 1994-95 and their population trends in the New Zealand region".
1487:
292:. Although the nostrils on the albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. Finally, they produce a
507:
has a massive colony whose sheer numbers comprise the dominant feature of the island, with a mean of 63,856 breeding pairs (when corrected for non-breeders) based on surveys conducted from 2009-2017.
344:
312:
that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.
1237:
Phalan, B.; Phillips, R. A.; Double, M. C. (2004). "A White-capped
Albatross, Thalassarche steadi, at South Georgia: first confirmed record in the south-western Atlantic".
1141:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins. Joseph E. Trumpey, Chief Scientific Illustrator (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107–111.
599:, with an occurrence range of 77,700,000 km (30,000,000 sq mi) and a breeding range of 22 km (8.5 sq mi). The largest threat for this bird is
1208:
985:
1513:
825:
Miskelly, Colin M.; Elliott, Graeme; Parker, Graham
Christopher; Rexer-Huber, Kalinka; Russ, Rodney; Taylor, Rowland H.; Tennyson, Alan; Walker, Kath (2020-01-01).
1629:
603:
and trawl fisheries. Net monitor cables were responsible for large numbers of deaths; however, they were phased out in 1992. Commercial exploitation of squid in
1539:
19:
This article is about the subspecies of albatross that breeds in the
Auckland and Antipodes islands. For the species that breeds in the Indian Ocean, see
1500:
1329:
Robertson, C. J. R.; Bell, D.; Sinclair, N.; Bell, B. D. (2003). "Distribution of seabirds from New
Zealand that overlap with fisheries worldwide".
1137:
Double, M. C. (2003). "Procellariiformes (Tubenosed
Seabirds)". In Hutchins, Michael; Jackson, Jerome A.; Bock, Walter J.; Olendorf, Donna (eds.).
308:. This is used against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. They also have a
503:
to the islands off the coast of New
Zealand, with a population of 75,000 breeding pairs, estimated in 2007, and 350,000 to 375,000 total birds.
1639:
1562:
1165:
1118:
1289:"Proposal (#166) to South American Classification Committee: Re-lump Thalassarche eremita and Thalassarche salvini with Thalassarche cauta"
1310:"Proposal (#255) to South American Classification Committee : Follow-up to Proposal 155: Split Thalassarche cauta into three species"
1387:
Thompson, D. R.; Sagar, P. M. (2007). "Conduct a population and distributional study on White-capped
Albatross at the Auckland Islands".
1378:
Thompson, D. R.; Sagar, P. M. (2006). "Conduct a population and distributional study on White-capped Albatross at the Auckland Islands".
1649:
240:
that breeds on the islands off of New Zealand. Not all experts agree that this form should be recognized as a separate species from the
1068:
1192:
1146:
1096:
348:
1644:
1601:
1216:
Gales, R.; Brothers, N.; Reid, T. (1998). "Seabird mortality in the Japanese tuna longline fishery around Australia, 1988-1995".
1128:
Croxall, J. P.; Gales, R. (1998). "Assessment of the conservation status of albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
1106:
989:
538:
bird confirmed it. Also, using different techniques, scientists have proven that they forage off the coast of southwestern
1268:"Proposal #155 to South American Check-list Committee: Split Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta into two or three species"
1342:
Robertson, C. J. R.; Nunn, G. B. (1998). "Towards a new taxonomy for albatrosses". In Robertson, G.; Gales, R. (eds.).
81:
1448:
1351:
Taylor, G. A. (2000). "Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Wellington: Department of Conservation".
848:
Walker, Kath; Elliott, Graeme; Rexer-Huber, Kalinka; Parker, Graham; Sagar, Paul; McClelland, Peter J. (2020-01-01).
1544:
512:
462:
288:. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called
1466:
1474:
1416:
340:
190:
1634:
504:
418:
1051:
324:
1606:
1554:
535:
248:. It is a medium-sized black, slate gray, and white albatross and is the largest of the mollymawks.
46:
363:
has yet to agree on any of these splits. Finally, following Brooke, this species was shifted from
1593:
1254:
1202:
972:
167:
76:
1518:
1184:
1575:
1531:
1188:
1161:
1142:
1114:
1092:
524:
500:
360:
332:
269:
133:
754:
1580:
1389:
Unpublished Annual Report to the Conservation Services Programme, Department of Conservation
1380:
Unpublished Annual Report to the Conservation Services Programme, Department of Conservation
1246:
1225:
1046:
1015:
964:
600:
516:
447:
388:
256:
1479:
1453:
37:
615:
608:
596:
508:
433:
61:
1028:
315:
The white-capped albatross is part of a greater complex of albatrosses consisting of the
217:
1177:
563:
They are a surface feeder, but may utilize shallow dives for their food which is fish,
520:
305:
1229:
1623:
1526:
1492:
1309:
1288:
1267:
1037:
356:
316:
301:
285:
66:
20:
1258:
976:
547:
281:
207:
1156:
Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Jonathan (2006). "Albatrosses". In Levitt, Barbara (ed.).
1019:
611:
reduced nesting from 1972–1982, and feral cats also take small number of chicks.
339:. In 1998, Robertson and Nunn recommended a four-way split, some experts agreed.
1588:
604:
293:
265:
1439:
986:"Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels : ACAP Species"
968:
564:
309:
273:
1160:(fifth ed.). Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 80.
572:
297:
289:
237:
153:
143:
93:
530:
Juvenile and non-breeding birds are believed to forage in the southwestern
1404:
The distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in Falkland Islands waters
1433:
568:
543:
531:
113:
1505:
1346:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons. pp. 13–19.
850:"Shipwrecks and mollymawks: an account of Disappointment Island birds"
583:
The white-capped albatross breeds annually on rocks on small islands.
1461:
539:
277:
103:
1410:
1250:
387:
255:
1567:
607:
may present a threat by reducing the food supply. Also, pigs on
592:
123:
1414:
1402:
White, R. W.; Gillon, K. W.; Black, A. D.; Reid, J. B. (2002).
1183:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp.
1158:
National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
1175:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
1406:. Peterborough, U.K.: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
827:"Birds of the Auckland Islands, New Zealand subantarctic"
264:
Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to family
542:. Juveniles are also believed to go as far as the south
1132:. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons.
849:
826:
1337:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation.
1113:(6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1069:"White-capped Albatross - BirdLife Species Factsheet"
1423:
371:, which was generally agreed upon by most experts.
1176:
1052:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729609A132661314.en
392:White-capped albatross (Thalassarche cauta steadi)
260:White-capped albatross (Thalassarche cauta steadi)
618:birds have been tracked, and this will continue.
1287:Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (February 2005).
1266:Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (December 2004).
1111:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World
347:agreed in 2006, and Brooke agreed in 2004. The
1308:Remsen Jr., J. V.; et al. (28 Feb 2008).
355:, the white-capped albatross grouped with the
8:
1207:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
744:Dunn, Jon L. & Alderfer, Jonathan (2006)
919:
917:
1411:
871:
869:
867:
665:Robertson C. J. R. & Nunn G. B. (1998)
216:
55:
36:
27:
1353:Threatened Species Occasional Publication
1050:
941:Thompson, D. R. & Sagar, P. M. (2006)
923:Thompson, D. R. & Sagar, P. M. (2007)
811:
809:
807:
805:
1089:Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World
795:
793:
395:
1314:South American Classification Committee
1293:South American Classification Committee
1272:South American Classification Committee
1091:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
626:
1200:
634:
632:
630:
1630:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1087:Brooke, M. (2004). "Procellariidae".
875:Croxall, J. P. & Gales, R. (1998)
677:
675:
673:
671:
351:agreed to a three-way split, leaving
7:
1555:1c6cb326-5301-474f-b887-099541dac478
1038:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1344:Albatross biology and conservation
1139:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1130:Albatross biology and conservation
932:Robertson, C. J. R., et al. (2003)
14:
735:Cornell Lab of Ornithology (2018)
1316:. American Ornithologists' Union
1295:. American Ornithologists' Union
1274:. American Ornithologists' Union
1067:BirdLife International (2008a).
80:
1027:BirdLife International (2018).
681:BirdLfie International (2008a)
398:Breeding population and trends
1:
1640:Birds of the Auckland Islands
1230:10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00011-1
638:BirdLife International (2008)
1020:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.012
911:Abbott, C. L., et al. (2006)
893:White, R. W., et al. (2002))
884:Tennyson, A., et al. (1998)
799:Baker, G. B., et al. (2007)
595:classifies this species as
534:and a recent DNA test of a
1666:
1650:Taxa named by Robert Falla
18:
1045:: e.T22729609A132661314.
969:10.1007/s10592-005-9064-y
902:Phalan, B., et al. (2004)
233:Thalassarche cauta steadi
215:
200:Thalassarche cauta steadi
196:
189:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
35:
30:
1331:Science for Conservation
787:Gales, R., et al. (1998)
759:New Zealand Birds Online
755:"White-capped mollymawk"
726:Remsen Jr., J. V. (2008)
717:Remsen Jr., J. V. (2005)
708:Remsen Jr., J. V. (2004)
1645:Birds described in 1933
1218:Biological Conservation
1008:Biological Conservation
656:Ehrlich, Paul R. (1988)
31:White-capped albatross
988:. ACAP. Archived from
393:
341:BirdLife International
304:that is stored in the
261:
228:white-capped albatross
957:Conservation Genetics
546:and the southwestern
519:) has 100 pairs, and
505:Disappointment Island
419:Disappointment Island
391:
259:
1179:The Birders Handbook
815:Taylor, G. A. (2000)
647:Double, M. C. (2003)
337:Thalassarche eremita
329:Thalassarche salvini
1493:thalassarche-steadi
1467:thalassarche-steadi
1454:Thalassarche_steadi
1425:Thalassarche steadi
1395:Watkins, B. (2008)
1031:Thalassarche steadi
400:
47:Conservation status
992:on January 5, 2009
778:Watkins, B. (2008)
527:) has 100 pairs.
396:
394:
325:Salvin's albatross
321:Thasassarche cauta
262:
246:Thalassarche cauta
16:Subspecies of bird
1617:
1616:
1576:Open Tree of Life
1417:Taxon identifiers
1167:978-0-7922-5314-3
1120:978-0-8014-4501-9
699:Brooke, M. (2004)
525:Antipodes Islands
511:has 3,000 pairs,
497:
496:
384:Range and habitat
361:Clements taxonomy
333:Chatham albatross
270:Procellariiformes
224:
223:
182:T. c. steadi
134:Procellariiformes
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517:Auckland Islands
448:Antipodes Island
401:
343:agreed in 2007,
220:
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59:
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40:
28:
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1251:10.1071/MU03057
1236:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1174:
1168:
1155:
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1136:
1127:
1121:
1107:Clements, James
1105:
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616:Auckland Island
609:Auckland Island
597:near threatened
589:
581:
561:
556:
509:Auckland Island
434:Auckland Island
386:
377:
254:
211:
204:
198:
185:
171:
79:
71:
62:Near Threatened
60:
56:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1399:
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1375:
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1348:
1339:
1326:
1305:
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1263:
1245:(4): 359–361.
1234:
1213:
1193:
1172:
1166:
1153:
1147:
1134:
1125:
1119:
1103:
1097:
1084:
1064:
1024:
1014:(3): 319–333.
1002:
981:
963:(4): 531–542.
949:
946:
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943:
934:
925:
913:
904:
895:
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521:Bollons Island
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306:proventriculus
286:diving petrels
253:
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191:Trinomial name
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1214:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1194:0-671-65989-8
1190:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1148:0-7876-5784-0
1144:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1098:0-19-850125-0
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1074:
1070:
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1053:
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1040:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
991:
987:
984:ACAP (2007).
982:
978:
974:
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962:
958:
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951:
947:
938:
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908:
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
878:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:(1): 213–245.
859:
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282:storm petrels
279:
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272:, along with
271:
268:of the order
267:
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21:shy albatross
1635:Thalassarche
1424:
1403:
1396:
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1379:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1313:
1297:. Retrieved
1292:
1276:. Retrieved
1271:
1242:
1238:
1221:
1217:
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1072:
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1042:
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990:the original
960:
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614:Since 2006,
613:
590:
587:Conservation
582:
579:Reproduction
562:
548:Indian Ocean
529:
513:Adams Island
498:
491:
486:
481:
476:
463:Adams Island
452:50—100 pairs
423:72,000 pairs
397:
378:
369:Thalassarche
368:
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199:
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181:
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176:Subspecies:
166:
155:Thalassarche
154:
25:
1589:SeaLifeBase
1058:12 November
764:18 November
690:ACAP (2006)
605:Bass Strait
565:cephalopods
438:3,000 pairs
375:Description
296:made up of
294:stomach oil
274:shearwaters
266:Diomedeidae
144:Diomedeidae
1624:Categories
1373:: 157–166.
948:References
407:Population
310:salt gland
298:wax esters
1224:: 37–56.
1203:cite book
1073:Data Zone
622:Footnotes
573:crustacea
569:tunicates
499:They are
467:100 pairs
290:naricorns
238:mollymawk
162:Species:
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
1532:22729609
1519:11168231
1480:22729609
1475:BirdLife
1440:Q5437614
1434:Wikidata
1367:Notornis
1259:83493045
1109:(2007).
977:35432178
854:Notornis
831:Notornis
601:longline
554:Behavior
544:Atlantic
532:Atlantic
404:Location
365:Diomedea
252:Taxonomy
140:Family:
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
67:IUCN 3.1
1607:1348515
1568:1348515
1506:4847293
1397:in litt
559:Feeding
501:endemic
482:150,000
278:fulmars
236:) is a
210:, 1933)
150:Genus:
130:Order:
120:Class:
65: (
1581:250508
1552:NZOR:
1545:329931
1462:ARKive
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1299:18 Feb
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996:22 Feb
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571:, and
540:Africa
492:Stable
413:Trend
359:. The
353:steadi
331:, and
284:, and
1602:WoRMS
1594:81443
1514:IRMNG
1255:S2CID
1187:–31.
973:S2CID
477:Total
208:Falla
1563:OBIS
1540:NCBI
1527:IUCN
1501:GBIF
1322:2009
1301:2009
1280:2009
1209:link
1189:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1093:ISBN
1080:2009
1060:2021
1043:2018
998:2009
766:2016
593:IUCN
591:The
487:1993
455:1994
426:1993
410:Date
349:SACC
345:ACAP
300:and
226:The
124:Aves
1488:CMS
1449:AFD
1335:233
1247:doi
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