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They typically weigh between 28 and 34 g (1.0 and 1.2 oz) and are around 23–28 cm (9–11 in) in length. Males are glossy black with a chestnut belly and white feathers on the rump and outer tail. Females are more greyish-brown, and are typically shorter than males. Both sexes have
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of this species is rich and melodious which makes them popular as cage birds in South Asia with the tradition continuing in parts of
Southeast Asia. It is loud and clear, with a variety of phrases, and often mimics other birds. They also make a 'Tck' call in alarm or when foraging. One of the first
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The nest is built by the female alone while the male stands guard. The nests are mainly made of roots, leaves, ferns, and stems, and incubation lasts between 12 and 15 days and the nestling period averaged 12.4 days. Both adults feed the young although only the female incubates and broods. The eggs
507:
in 1940 (by the Hui Manu
Society). Their popularity as a cage bird has led to many escaped birds establishing themselves. They have been introduced to Taiwan where they are considered an invasive species, eating native insect species and showing aggression towards native bird species.
427:, males pursue the female, alight above the female, give a shrill call, and then flick and fan out their tail feathers. This is followed by a rising and falling flight pattern by both sexes. If the male is unsuccessful, the female will threaten the male, gesturing with the mouth open.
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but very territorial. The territories include a male and female during the breeding season with the males defending the territory averaging 0.09 ha in size, but each sex may have different territories when they are not breeding.
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In South Asia, they breed from
January to September but mainly in April to June laying a clutch of four or five eggs in a nest placed in the hollow of a tree. During
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recordings of a bird song that was ever made was of this species. This recording was made in 1889 from a captive individual using an Edison wax cylinder by
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In Asia, their habitat is dense undergrowth especially in bamboo forests. In Hawaii, they are common in valley forests or on the ridges of the southern
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a black bill and pink feet. Juveniles have a greyish-brown colouration, similar to that of the females, with a blotchy or spotted chest.
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are white to light aqua, with variable shades of brown blotching, with dimensions of about 18 and 23 mm (0.7 and 0.9 in).
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They feed on insects in the wild but in captivity they may be fed on a diet of boiled, dried legumes with egg yolk and raw meat.
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Rasmussen PC & Anderton, JC (2005) Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian
Institution & Lynx Edicions,
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Ali, S. and Ripley, S. D. (1973). Handbook of the birds of India and
Pakistan. Vol. 8., Oxford Univ. Press, Bombay, India.
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Ranft, Richard (2004) Natural sound archives: past, present and future. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 76(2):456–460
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family, Turdidae, causing it to be commonly known as the white-rumped shama thrush or simply shama thrush.
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from southwestern Asia-China to
Myanmar, Thailand and the Mergui Archipelago. Southern China has race
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are the other island forms. The last two are sometimes regarded as a separate species, the
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Bao-Sen Shieh; Ya-Hui Lin; Tsung-Wei Lee; Chia-Chieh Chang & Kuan-Tzou Cheng (2006).
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is found in the
Andaman Islands and now usually considered a distinct species, the
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Whistler, H (1949) Popular handbook of Indian birds. Gurney and
Jackson. p. 110
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is found in the
Sumatra, Java, Banka, Belitung and Karimata islands. Race
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Jerdon, T. C. (1863) Birds of India. Vol 2. part 1. page 131
696:"Breeding biology of the white-rumped Shama on Oahu, Hawaii"
765:"Pet Trade as Sources of Introduced Bird Species in Taiwan"
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They are native across scrub and secondary forests in
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Aguon, Celestino Flores & Conant, Sheila (1994).
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621:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T22734262A50448114.en
792:White-rumped Shama videos, photos & sounds
313:is found in the northern parts of India. Race
289:It was formerly classified as a member of the
273:. Native to densely vegetated habitats in the
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415:The white-rumped shama is shy and somewhat
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333:is found in the Malay peninsula. Race
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798:Male shama songs and mimic of sounds
1157:IUCN Red List least concern species
607:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
503:(by Alexander Isenberger), and to
305:and parts of southern India while
301:The nominate race is found in the
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109:
794:on the Internet Bird Collection
752:10.1590/S0001-37652004000200041
491:, but have been introduced to
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536:, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
309:is found in Sri Lanka. Race
345:from northwestern Sumatra,
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106:Scientific classification
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614:: e.T22734262A50448114.
479:Distribution and habitat
1177:Birds described in 1788
1172:Birds of Southeast Asia
831:Kittacincla malabaricus
341:from the Sunda Strait,
808:Oriental Bird Images:
594:BirdLife International
548:White-rumped Shama at
534:Khao Yai National Park
463:
455:
1134:Copsychus-malabaricus
941:Copsychus malabaricus
911:Copsychus malabaricus
600:Copsychus malabaricus
573:Durrell Wildlife Park
499:, in early 1931 from
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259:Copsychus malabaricus
215:Copsychus malabaricus
636:"Appendices | CITES"
1167:Birds of South Asia
550:Manas National Park
387:white-crowned shama
275:Indian subcontinent
244:Cittocincla macrura
240:Kittacincla macrura
197:C. malabaricus
59:Conservation status
24:White-rumped shama
810:White-rumped Shama
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254:white-rumped shama
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1103:Open Tree of Life
823:Taxon identifiers
813:(selected images)
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16:Species of bird
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206:Binomial name
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74:Least Concern
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643:. Retrieved
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173:Muscicapidae
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1077:NatureServe
1025:iNaturalist
935:Wikispecies
778:(2): 81–86.
473:Ludwig Koch
417:crepuscular
397:Description
359:ochroptilus
315:albiventris
92:Appendix II
1151:Categories
1129:Xeno-canto
803:Shama song
671:8487334679
645:2023-03-01
581:References
375:nigricauda
373:(Borneo),
297:Subspecies
1162:Copsychus
1069:103894856
926:Q27075635
886:103894856
640:cites.org
425:courtship
406:Behaviour
343:melanurus
339:mirabilis
264:passerine
191:Species:
184:Copsychus
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
1082:2.102971
1043:10198947
955:22709992
950:BirdLife
920:Wikidata
860:22734262
855:BirdLife
840:Wikidata
772:Taiwania
596:(2013).
575:, Jersey
571:Male at
501:Malaysia
462:Sonogram
411:Breeding
383:barbouri
335:tricolor
321:. Race
285:Taxonomy
232:Synonyms
169:Family:
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1095:1948888
1017:2492675
846:Q606469
519:Gallery
513:Koolaus
435:Feeding
367:eumesus
363:abbotti
355:omissus
351:javanus
311:indicus
225:, 1786)
223:Scopoli
179:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
52:Female
1108:466330
1056:179832
1030:204490
1004:whrsha
978:whrsha
899:245052
868:EURING
669:
532:Male,
497:Hawaii
371:suavis
329:while
307:leggei
291:thrush
1038:IRMNG
999:eBird
975:BOW:
968:91287
873:27940
768:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
558:India
554:Assam
493:Kauai
485:South
468:voice
454:Calls
443:Voice
327:minor
96:CITES
90:CITES
38:Male
1121:4773
1090:NCBI
1064:IUCN
1051:ITIS
1012:GBIF
991:Y6YG
963:BOLD
894:NCBI
881:IUCN
667:ISBN
612:2013
505:Oahu
487:and
466:The
381:and
277:and
267:bird
252:The
153:Aves
1116:TSA
986:CoL
748:doi
707:106
616:doi
393:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
