White rhinoceros - Knowledge (XXG)

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of the cow while squealing or wailing loudly if the cow tries to leave his territory. When ready to mate, the cow curls her tail and gets into a stiff stance during the half-hour copulation. Breeding pairs stay together between 5–20 days before they part their separate ways. The gestation period of a white rhino is 16 months. A single calf is born and usually weighs 40–65 kg (88–143 lb). Calves are unsteady for their first two to three days of life. When threatened, the baby will run in front of the mother, which is very protective of her calf and will fight for it vigorously. Weaning starts at two months, but the calf may continue suckling for over 12 months. The birth interval for the white rhino is between two and three years. Before giving birth, the mother will chase off her current calf. White rhinos can live to be up to 40–50 years old.

1034: 905: 842: 410: 376: 123: 1131:. About 98.5% of white rhinos live in just five countries (South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Uganda). Almost at the edge of extinction in the early 20th century, the southern subspecies have made a tremendous comeback. In 2001, it was estimated that there were 11,670 white rhinos in the wild, with a further 777 in captivity worldwide, making it the most common rhino in the world. By the end of 2007, wild-living southern white rhinos had increased to an estimated 17,480 animals (IUCN 2008). 963: 527: 971: 991: 932:

The bull, averaging about 2,000–2,300 kg (4,410–5,070 lb) is heavier than the cow, at an average of about 1,600–1,700 kg (3,530–3,750 lb). The largest size the species can attain is not definitively known; specimens of up to 3,600 kg (7,940 lb) are considered reliable, while larger sizes up to 4,500 kg (9,920 lb) have been claimed but are not verified. On its snout it has two horn-like growths, one behind the other. These are made of solid

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day doing various other things. Like all species of rhinoceros, white rhinos enjoy wallowing in mud holes to cool down. The white rhinoceros is thought to have changed the structure and ecology of the savanna's grasslands. Comparatively, based on studies of the African elephant, scientists believe the white rhino is a driving factor in its ecosystem. The destruction of the megaherbivore could have serious cascading effects on the ecosystem and harm other animals.

1175: 342: 1255:, eggs from Fatu and Najin "were successfully inseminated" using the seminal fluid from Saut and Suni. The male Sudan's sperm was harvested before his death and is still in Kenya. On 11 September 2019, it was announced that "two embryos" were generated and will be kept in a frozen state, until placed in a surrogate female. On 15 January 2020, it was announced that "another embryo" was created using the same techniques; all three embryos are "from Fatu". 192: 1187:

several highly organized and very profitable international poaching syndicates came into being and would carry out their poaching missions with advanced technologies ranging from night vision scopes, silenced weapons, darting equipment, and even helicopters. The ongoing conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo and incursions by poachers, primarily coming from Sudan, have further disrupted efforts to protect the few remaining northern rhinos.

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December). In 2015, the Kenyan government placed the last remaining bull of the subspecies at Ol Pejeta under 24-hour armed guard to deter poachers, but he was put down on 19 March 2018 due to multiple health problems caused by old age, leaving just two cows alive which reside at the Ol Pejeta complex. Staff hope to inseminate the remaining cows with the last bull's semen, although the semen is not preferable due to the age of the rhino.

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yellowish-brown to slate grey. Its only hair is the ear fringes and tail bristles. White rhinos have a distinctive broad, straight mouth which is used for grazing. Its ears can move independently to pick up sounds, but it depends most of all on its sense of smell. The olfactory passages that are responsible for smelling are larger than their entire brain. The white rhinoceros has the widest set of nostrils of any land-based animal.

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the rhinoceros makes it susceptible to poaching. Mozambique, one of the four main countries in which the white rhino lives, is used by poachers as a passageway to South Africa, which holds a fairly large number of white rhinos. Here, rhinos are regularly killed and their horns are smuggled out of the country. As of 2014, Mozambique labels white rhino poaching as a misdemeanor. The white rhino population in South Africa's

535: 1228: 4094: 1058:. They do this around ten times an hour while patrolling territory. The same ritual as urine marking except without spraying is also commonly used. The territorial bull will scrape-mark every 30 m (100 ft) or so around his territory boundary. Subordinate bulls do not mark territory. The most serious fights break out over mating rights with a cow. Cow territory overlaps extensively, and they do not defend it. 150: 1120: 599: 1067: 1042:

threats and shrieking if attacked. The vocalizations of the two species differ between each other, and the panting contact calls between individual white rhinos in each species can vary as well. The differences in these calls aid the white rhinos in identifying each other and communicating over long distances. The white rhinoceros is quick and agile and can run 50 km/h (31 mph).

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effort for these rhinos is having moved them from Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic to Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy on 20 December 2009, where they have been under constant watch every day, and have been given favorable climate and diet, to which they have adapted well, to boost their chances of reproducing.

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In 2013, poaching rates for white rhinos nearly doubled from the previous year. As a result, the white rhino has now received Near Threatened status as its total population tops out at 20,000 members. Poaching of the animal has gone virtually unchecked in most of Africa, and the non-violent nature of

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Historically, the major factor in the decline of white rhinos was uncontrolled hunting in the colonial era, but now poaching for their horn is the primary threat. The white rhino is particularly vulnerable to hunting because it is a large and relatively unaggressive animal with very poor eyesight and

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Cows reach sexual maturity at 6–7 years of age while bulls reach sexual maturity between 10 and 12 years of age. Courtship is often a difficult affair. The bull stays beyond the point where the cow acts aggressively and will give out a call when approaching her. The bull chases and or blocks the way

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The head and body length is 3.7–4 m (12.1–13.1 ft) in bulls and 3.35–3.65 m (11.0–12.0 ft) in cows, with the tail adding another 70 cm (28 in), and the shoulder height is 170–186 cm (5.58–6.10 ft) in the bull and 160–177 cm (5.25–5.81 ft) in the cow.

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that eat grass, preferring the shortest grains, the white rhinoceros is one of the largest pure grazers. It drinks twice a day if water is available, but if conditions are dry it can live four or five days without water. It spends about half of the day eating, one-third resting, and the rest of the

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A popular albeit widely discredited theory of the origins of the name "white rhinoceros" is a mistranslation from Dutch to English. The English word "white" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word "wijd", which means "wide" in English. The word "wide" refers to the width of

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populations of South Africa and Eswatini are included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing international trade in live animals to appropriate and acceptable destinations and hunting trophies. The population of Namibia is included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing

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in Kenya, and only two remain alive. Females Najin and Fatu are still living, while males Suni and Sudan died in 2014 and 2018, respectively. The northern white rhinos had been transferred to Ol Pejeta Conservancy from the Dvůr Králové Zoo in 2009 in an attempt to protect the taxa in their natural

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The northern white rhino is critically endangered to the point that only two of these rhinos are known to remain in the world, both in captivity. Several conservation tactics have been taken to prevent this subspecies from disappearing from the planet. Perhaps the most notable type of conservation

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Despite the lack of scientific evidence, the rhino horn is highly prized in traditional Asian medicine, where it is ground into a fine powder or manufactured into tablets to be used as a treatment for a variety of illnesses such as nosebleeds, strokes, convulsions, and fevers. Due to this demand,

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Most white rhinos in zoos are southern white rhinos; in 2021, it was estimated that there were over 1,000 southern white rhinos in captivity worldwide. Wild-caught southern whites will readily breed in captivity given appropriate amounts of space and food, as well as the presence of other female

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White rhinos produce sounds that include a panting contact call, grunts and snorts during courtship, squeals of distress, and deep bellows or growls when threatened. Threat displays (in bulls mostly) include wiping its horn on the ground and a head-low posture with ears back, combined with snarl

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As of 2021, there were an estimated 15,940 southern white rhinos in the wild, making them by far the most abundant subspecies of rhino in the world. The number of southern white rhinos outnumbers all other rhino subspecies combined. South Africa is the stronghold for this subspecies, with 12,968

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To save the northern white rhino from extinction, Ol Pejeta Conservancy announced that it would introduce a fertile southern white rhino from Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in February 2014. They placed the male rhino in an enclosure with both female northern white rhinos in hopes to cross-breed the

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in Kenya, where scientists hoped they would successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of the two remaining in the Czech Republic died in late May 2011. Both of the last two bulls capable of natural mating died in 2014 (one in Kenya on 18 October and one in San Diego on 15

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Even with increased anti-poaching efforts in many African countries, many poachers are still willing to risk death or prison time because of the tremendous amount of money that they stand to make. Rhino horn can fetch tens of thousands of dollars per kilogram on the black market in Asia, and,

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The front horn is larger and averages 60 cm (24 in) in length, reaching as much as 166 cm (65 in) but only in cows. The white rhinoceros also has a noticeable hump on the back of its neck. Each of the four stumpy feet has three toes. The color of the body ranges from

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with excrement and urine. The dung is laid in well defined piles. It may have 20 to 30 of these piles to alert passing white rhinos that it is his territory. Another way of marking their territory is wiping their horns on bushes or the ground and scraping with their feet before

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to the African species. The ancestor of both the black and the white rhino was likely a mixed feeder, with the two lineages then specializing in browsing and grazing, respectively. The oldest definitive record of the white rhinoceros is during the mid-Early Pleistocene at

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the rhinoceros' mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the "wijd" for "white" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the

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Due to their size, adult white rhinos have no natural predators (other than humans), and even young rhinos are rarely attacked or preyed on due to the mother's presence and their tough skin. One exceptional, successful attack was perpetrated by a

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subspecies. Having the male rhino with two female rhinos was expected to increase competition for the female rhinos and, in theory, should result in more mating experiences. Ol Pejeta Conservancy did not announce any news of rhino mating.

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named Vince was found shot dead in his enclosure; the poachers had removed one of his horns and had attempted to remove his second horn. This is believed to be the first time that a rhinoceros had been killed in a European zoo.

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and the African Rhino Specialist Group (ARSG) only found four animals: a solitary adult male and a group of one adult male and two adult females. In June 2008, it was reported that the species may have gone extinct in the wild.

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depending on the exact price, can be worth more than its weight in gold. Poachers are also starting to use social media sites for obtaining information on the location of rhino in popular tourist attractions (such as

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in San Diego, California, United States, had two northern white rhinos, one of which was wild-caught. On 22 November 2015, a 41-year-old female named Nola (born in 1974), which had been on loan from the

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rhino. This suggests the origin of the word was before codification by Dutch writers. A review of Dutch and Afrikaans literature about the rhinoceros has failed to produce any evidence that the word

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White rhinos live in crashes or herds of up to 14 animals (usually mostly cows). Sub-adult bulls will congregate, often in association with an adult cow. Most adult bulls are

3335: 510:. The northern subspecies has very few remaining individuals, with only two confirmed left in 2018 (two females: Fatu, 24 and Najin, 29, both in captivity at Ol Pejeta). 4445: 2933: 1839: 1288:

rhinos of breeding age. However, for reasons that are not currently understood, the rate of reproduction is extremely low among captive-born southern white females.

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photographs posted online by unsuspecting tourists. By using GPS coordinates of rhinos in recent photographs, poachers can more easily find and kill their targets.

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The white rhinoceros is the largest of the five living species of rhinoceros. By mean body mass, the white rhinoceros falls behind only the three extant species of

4435: 2981: 1083: 4314: 4475: 1879: 2704: 827:, while a small population survives in Mozambique. Populations have also been introduced outside of the former range of the species to Kenya and Zambia. 674:, and the researchers concluded that these animals consumed more than 30% browse in their diet, suggesting that these are not the fossils of the extant 1138:) formerly ranged over parts of northwestern Uganda, southern Chad, southwestern Sudan, the eastern part of Central African Republic, and northeastern 1268: 4223: 3625: 3268: 1300:

in Dvůr Králové, Czech Republic) since 1989, was euthanized after experiencing a downturn in health. On 14 December 2014, a 44-year-old male named

4262: 3570: 3524: 2760: 654:, evolved in order to facilitate consumption of shorter grasses that resulted from the long-term trend to drier conditions in Africa. However, if 562:

An alternative name for the white rhinoceros, more accurate but rarely used, is the square-lipped rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros' generic name,

2850: 3088: 2548: 2415: 2278: 2251: 2224: 1686: 1678: 1626: 1546: 1351: 3004: 3365: 3250: 904: 2564: 4465: 3514: 2720: 1567:"Pliocene Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from Hadar and Dikka (Lower Awash, Ethiopia), and a revision of the origin of modern African rhinos" 4470: 2669: 2034:"The microbial community in the feces of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) as determined by barcoded pyrosequencing analysis" 1751: 1470: 841: 2092:

African Elephants and Rhinos: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan: Action Plan for the Conservation of Biological Diversity 10

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in the Czech Republic. Four of the six rhinos (which were also the only reproductive animals of this subspecies) were transported to

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despite a considerable mass overlap between these two species. It has a massive body and large head, a short neck and broad chest.

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Hernesniemi, E.; Giaourtsakis, I.X.; Evans, A.R. & Fortelius, M. (2011). "Chapter 11 Rhinocerotidae". In Harrison, T. (ed.).

1252: 1139: 4455: 4306: 3509: 3493: 3167: 2937: 2577: 4267: 1847: 1754:, in: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W.J. (eds), Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 669–683 3551: 3618: 1146:, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) but in August 2005, ground and aerial surveys conducted under the direction of 889: 191: 3251:"Scientific Detective Work in Practice: Trying to Solve the Mystery of Poor Captive-born White Rhinoceros Reproduction" 3139: 1443: 807:

individuals recorded in 2021. There are smaller reintroduced populations within the historical range of the species in

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international trade in live animals for in-situ conservation only and only within the natural and historical range of

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and has often been considered a fossil and ancestral subspecies to the latter. The study also doubts the ancestry of

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Palaeontology and Geology of Laetoli: Human Evolution in Context. Volume 2: Fossil Hominins and the Associated Fauna

1333: 753: 4460: 3503: 2854: 2737: 2430:"Restoration of a megaherbivore: Landscape-level impacts of white rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa" 1166:. Although there are no measurable health benefits, the horn is sought after for traditional medicine and jewelry. 743: 686: 4319: 3603: 3387: 2819: 1825: 1292: 1203: 1092: 850: 836: 801: 507: 503: 331: 322: 2629:"Large predators and their prey in a southern African savanna: a predator's size determines its prey size range" 1585: 1297: 877: 3227: 1147: 2876: 4412: 4152: 3479: 2466:"Contact Calls of the Northern and Southern White Rhinoceros Allow for Individual and Species Identification" 994:

Chromosome set of a female northern white rhino. Fibroblast derived iPS cells. G-banding and giemsa staining.

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rhinos in Africa by Denis Geraads has suggested, however, that the species from Langebaanweg is of the genus

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as the largest land animal and terrestrial mammal alive today. It weighs slightly more on average than a

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pride on a sick bull white rhinoceros, which weighed 1,540 kg (3,400 lb), and occurred in

990: 4440: 3950: 3592: 3313: 1932:"The Sixth Rhino: A Taxonomic Re-Assessment of the Critically Endangered Northern White Rhinoceros" 1417: 1050: 1026: 962: 862: 495: 139: 3853: 2374: 2017: 1402: 1304:

died of old age at the San Diego Zoo. The other four captive northern white rhinos were loaned to

3908: 3423: 3144: 3008: 2650: 2315: 2195: 1733: 1597: 1589: 1517: 1277: 738: 671: 511: 446: 186: 4345: 2106:"An experimental cropping scheme of Hippopotami in the Letaba river of the Kruger National Park" 1341: 1174: 4254: 3556: 4184: 3917: 2544: 2513: 2495: 2411: 2333: 2274: 2268: 2247: 2220: 2147: 2073: 1971: 1803: 1725: 1682: 1622: 1542: 1502: 1357: 1347: 730: 614:, which lived around 7 million years ago. Remains of this white rhino have been found at 3194: 2717: 2241: 1309:

habitat. The only two northern white rhinos left are maintained under 24-hour armed guard in

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A northern white rhinoceros crosses the equator during translocation to Ol Pejeta Conservancy

678:, which only eats grass. It is suggested that the real lineage of the white rhino should be: 4042: 3998: 3926: 3788: 3742: 2681: 2640: 2503: 2485: 2441: 2323: 2307: 2185: 2117: 2105: 2063: 2053: 2012: 1961: 1951: 1715: 1581: 1507: 1397: 1232: 646: 567: 544: 4366: 4327: 4280: 3541: 3529: 3475: 2724: 2567:" The behaviour of ungulates and its relation to management. IUCN, Morges (1974): 341–351. 1128: 1011: 784: 748: 650:. It has been suggested that the modern white rhino's skull, which is longer than that of 640: 154: 3534: 908:

A diagram showing the size of small and large white rhino individuals compared to humans.

662:, then the shorter skull could indicate a browsing species. Teeth of fossils assigned to 2602: 2481: 2049: 1947: 4051: 3844: 3675: 3635: 3168:"Scientists have successfully created embryos of the near-extinct northern white rhino" 2540: 2508: 2465: 2328: 2295: 2068: 2033: 1966: 1931: 1802:. IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 1055: 937: 534: 243: 3586: 1618:

Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-mammal Fauna

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The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates

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Recently, an alternative scenario has been proposed under which the earliest African

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Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to Batsquatch, Chupacabra, and Other Elusive Creatures

1990: 1737: 1601: 1379: 4398: 3941: 3881: 3835: 1108: 1003: 917: 615: 131: 4189: 1142:(DRC). The last surviving population of wild northern white rhinos are or were in 1119: 598: 498:

and is the most social of all rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists of two

4358: 2959: 2490: 2214: 2058: 1956: 1720: 1703: 1672: 1616: 1536: 4293: 4236: 4146: 3691: 1155: 999: 758: 667: 48: 1066: 3890: 3748: 3413: 3309:"A northern white rhino has died. There are now five left in the entire world" 2686: 2533: 975: 865:. Formerly found in several countries in East and Central Africa south of the 499: 491: 253: 93: 58: 4137: 2499: 4210: 2446: 2429: 2395: 2122: 1361: 1163: 1046: 1023: 1007: 923: 619: 203: 98: 42: 2794: 2517: 2337: 2311: 2077: 1975: 1729: 17: 3032:"Stick to Foodstagramming: Poachers May Be Following Your Safari Pictures" 1880:"Death of rare northern white rhino leaves species on brink of extinction" 4392: 4332: 4163: 4131: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3285: 3116: 2464:

Cinková, Ivana; Policht, Richard (5 June 2014). Mathevon, Nicolas (ed.).

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fell by 60% between 2013 and 2021, to an estimated 3,529 individuals.

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Young rhino with mother at Rhino and Lion Nature Reserve, Johannesburg

4241: 3806: 3797: 3782: 3651: 3598: 2982:"Poachers Break into French Zoo, Kill White Rhino And Steal His Horn" 952: 945: 866: 820: 623: 548: 233: 213: 4108: 2190: 2173: 1512: 1493: 959:. The average weight of a horn is about 4.0 kilograms (8.8 pounds). 506:, with an estimated 16,803 wild-living animals, and the much rarer 4215: 3140:"Scientists Fertilize Eggs From the Last Two Northern White Rhinos" 610:

The white rhinoceros of today was said to be likely descended from

4353: 4016: 3829: 3815: 3768: 3727: 1346:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 634–635. 1310: 1281: 1262: 1226: 1173: 1118: 1077: 1065: 1032: 989: 969: 961: 922: 903: 840: 644:, given that it shows closer affinities with the black rhinoceros 597: 533: 525: 515: 176: 170: 3085:"Male Southern White Rhino Introduced in Endangered Species Boma" 1343:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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sp. (as yet unnamed), and with black rhinos being descended from

514:, the world's last known male northern white rhinoceros, died in 3058:"Scientists seek to create new rhinos with stem cell technology" 2761:"News | Poachers kill last four wild northern white rhinos" 2216:

Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology

1644:"Isotopic palaeoecology of Makapansgat Limeworks Perissodactyla" 1100: 956: 949: 4202: 4112: 3607: 2090:

Cumming, D. H. M., Du Toit, R. F., & Stuart, S. N. (1990).

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Southern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.

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Northern white rhino distribution range according to the IUCN.

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People Not Poaching: The Communities and IWT Learning Platform

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and their relatives), which are keratin with a bony core, and

3563:"Rare White Rhino Dies, Leaving Only Four Left on the Planet" 2670:"The past and present distribution of some African ungulates" 737:. This species is proposed to have been diversified into the 3223:"'Amazing': New embryo made of nearly extinct rhino species" 2396:

Ceratotherium simum genome sequencing at the Broad Institute

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A female northern white rhino shot in the early 20th century

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Stephen J. O'Brien, Joan C. Menninger and William G. Nash:

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Wroe, S.; Crowther, M.; Dortch, J. & Chong, J. (2004).

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10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0451:PRMFHA]2.0.CO;2

1704:"Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi" 1022:

White rhinos are found in grassland and savannah habitat.

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African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

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was ever used to describe the rhino outside of oral use.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

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Sponheimer, M.; Reed, K. & Lee-Thorp, J.A. (2001).

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Initially, six northern white rhinoceros lived in the

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First test tube White Rhinoceros born at Budapest Zoo

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Poachers kill one of last two white rhinos in Zambia

3271:. North County Times (11 June 2007) via Web Archive. 2934:"Poachers Kill Rhino in Brazen Attack at French Zoo" 2104:

Pienaar, U. de V.; Van Wyk, P.; Fairall, N. (1966).

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Skinner, J. D. & Chimimba, Christian T. (2005).

440: Presence uncertain & assisted colonisation 4382: 4121: 4031: 4015: 3987: 3963: 3939: 3906: 3889: 3716: 3699: 3112:"Northern white rhino eggs successfully fertilized" 2532: 3366:"Události ČT: Ve Dvoře Králové oplakávají Nabiré" 547:. Ironically, Dutch (and Afrikaans) later used a 434: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident) 388: Extant and assisted colonisation (Resident) 3257:. Zoological Society of San Diego. pp. 1–3. 2960:"Poachers kill rhino for his horn at French zoo" 2795:"Rhino poaching in Africa reaches all-time high" 2674:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 869:, this subspecies is a grazer in grasslands and 4451:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 3415:The Last Two Northern White Rhinos in the World 3388:"Northern White Rhinos | Ol Pejeta Conservancy" 2901:. National Geographic. Retrieved 25 March 2018. 1930:Groves, C.P.; Fernando, P; Robovský, J (2010). 765:. The first two of these are extinct; however, 3282:"Endangered white rhino dies at San Diego Zoo" 1764: 1762: 1760: 1538:The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region 3619: 3412:Svenska, Anneka; Ross, Tom (16 August 2019). 2018:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4183A45813838.en 1444:"World's last male northern white rhino dies" 1403:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4185A45813880.en 8: 2627:Radloff, F. G. & Du Toit, J. T. (2004). 2428:Cromsigt, J. P. G. M.; Te Beest, M. (2014). 1906:"Last male northern white rhino is put down" 1091:White rhino female and young grazing in the 551:of the English word, and now also call it a 3422:(Documentary). Event occurs at 1:36–1:46. 2539:. University of California Press. pp. 2410:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken 2005, 1541:. Cambridge University Press. p. 567. 38:Temporal range: Early Pleistocene - Recent 4109: 4028: 3903: 3875: 3713: 3685: 3626: 3612: 3604: 2565:The social system of the white rhinoceros. 2032:Bian, G.; Ma, L.; Su, Y.; Zhu, W. (2013). 1621:. Columbia University Press. p. 224. 408: 374: 340: 148: 121: 31: 3557:New baby rhino from frozen sperm – Madrid 3525:Narrated video about the White Rhinoceros 2897:Dell'Amore, Christine (17 January 2014). 2685: 2644: 2507: 2489: 2445: 2327: 2189: 2121: 2067: 2057: 2016: 1965: 1955: 1719: 1511: 1401: 1002:of the white rhinoceros is 2581.22 Mb. A 2705:Rhino Information – Northern White Rhino 1904:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (20 March 2018). 1276:Pair of white rhinos at the Tobu Zoo in 428: Extant and reintroduced (Resident) 4446:Mammals of the Central African Republic 3447: 3166:Dahir, Abdi Latif (11 September 2019). 2793:Szabo, Christopher (9 September 2013). 2718:West African black rhino feared extinct 2246:. Other Places Publishing. p. 63. 1560: 1558: 1321: 1198:In March 2017, poachers broke into the 3056:Sullivan, Deborah (20 December 2014). 2845: 2843: 2841: 2703:International Rhino Foundation. 2002. 2699: 2697: 1821: 1819: 1373: 1371: 927:White rhinos have three distinct toes. 853:or northern square-lipped rhinoceros ( 4436:IUCN Red List near threatened species 3426:from the original on 17 November 2021 3007:. National Geographic. Archived from 2788: 2786: 2459: 2457: 2167: 2165: 2163: 1037:White rhinoceros wallowing in the mud 694:, with the Langebaanweg rhinos being 7: 4413:2F7648FB-0BFF-45F1-A739-808780C15079 3307:Ohlheiser, Abby (15 December 2014). 2094:. IUCN/SSC-AESG, Gland, Switzerland. 1862:Rare white rhino dies at safari park 1798:Emslie, R. & Brooks, M. (1999). 1679:Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 4476:Taxa named by William John Burchell 2243:Namibia (Other Places Travel Guide) 2146:. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2004:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1389:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 490:) is the largest extant species of 2820:"Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction" 1574:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1127:The southern white rhino lives in 670:in South Africa were analysed for 25: 3110:Ciaccia, Chris (26 August 2019). 2738:"WWF | Northern White Rhino" 1878:Drazen Jorgic (19 October 2014). 1838:Johnston, Raymond (2 June 2011). 586:, is derived from the Greek term 349:White rhinoceros original range. 4093: 4092: 3138:Fortin, Jacey (28 August 2019). 2646:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00817.x 2273:. Greenwood Press. p. 185. 1860:Young, Ricky (14 December 2014) 1651:South African Journal of Science 1202:, which is located in France. A 1140:Democratic Republic of the Congo 936:, in which they differ from the 190: 3269:Northern white rhinos in danger 2875:Bürger, Vicus (28 March 2015). 2851:"African rhino poaching crisis" 2144:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals 590:(σιμός), meaning "flat nosed". 494:. It has a wide mouth used for 3494:International Rhino Foundation 3249:Swaisgood, Ron (Summer 2006). 3221:Cara, Anna (15 January 2020). 3030:Stampler, Laura (7 May 2014). 2936:. 7 March 2017. Archived from 2408:Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes 2219:. Cambridge University Press. 2213:Owen-Smith, R. Norman (1992). 1: 2877:"Stropery: Koerier praat uit" 2759:Smith, Lewis (17 June 2008). 570:in 1868, is derived from the 3552:Rhino Webcam at Zoo Budapest 2491:10.1371/journal.pone.0098475 2059:10.1371/journal.pone.0070103 1957:10.1371/journal.pone.0009703 1721:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.013 890:phylogenetic species concept 792:in Tanzania, around 1.8 Ma. 518:on 19 March 2018 at age 45. 27:Species of large land mammal 3567:news.nationalgeographic.com 3063:The San Diego Union-Tribune 2607:African Wildlife Foundation 1223:Modern conservation tactics 1183:generally living in herds. 1136:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 855:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 602:Southern white rhinos near 319:Ceratotherium simum cottoni 4492: 4466:Mammals of Southern Africa 3504:World Wide Fund for Nature 3342:(in Czech). Archived from 3003:Gwin, Peter (March 2012). 1868:. Retrieved 25 March 2018. 1418:"Rhino population figures" 1134:The northern white rhino ( 834: 799: 687:Ceratotherium mauritanicum 634:, as the type specimen of 4471:Mammals described in 1817 4090: 3878: 3874: 3688: 3684: 3646: 3455:Ceratotherium simum simum 2687:10.1017/S0030605300006815 2633:Journal of Animal Ecology 1884:The Sydney Morning Herald 1828:. olpejetaconservancy.org 1492:Groves, Colin P. (1972). 1469:Rookmaaker, Kees (2003). 1293:San Diego Zoo Safari Park 1251:On 22 August 2019, using 1204:southern white rhinoceros 1093:Pilanesberg National Park 851:northern white rhinoceros 837:Northern white rhinoceros 831:Northern white rhinoceros 802:Southern white rhinoceros 796:Southern white rhinoceros 566:, given by the zoologist 508:northern white rhinoceros 504:southern white rhinoceros 452: 445: 416: 407: 382: 373: 348: 339: 328:Ceratotherium simum simum 316: 311: 292: 285: 187:Scientific classification 185: 168: 146: 137: 129: 120: 34: 2962:. BBC News. 7 March 2017 2767:. London. Archived from 2723:20 February 2007 at the 2267:Newton, Michael (2009). 2240:Allen, Jeremiah (2010). 1148:African Parks Foundation 482:square-lipped rhinoceros 3591:genome assembly in the 3540:6 February 2007 at the 3530:White Rhino description 3392:olpejetaconservancy.org 2912:"Rhino Poaching Update" 2578:"Factfile: white rhino" 2447:10.1111/1365-2745.12218 2306:(Supplement 3): S34–6. 2123:10.4102/koedoe.v9i1.778 1565:Geraads, Denis (2005). 1070:A white rhinoceros calf 604:Waterberg National Park 538:In Solio Reserve, Kenya 422: Extant (Resident) 4456:Mammals of South Sudan 4061:South American tapir ( 3288:. AP. 22 November 2015 2603:"Wildlife: Rhinoceros" 2531:Richard Estes (1991). 2379:Smithsonian Misc. Coll 2375:"The white rhinoceros" 2352:"Buyers of Rhino Horn" 2312:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0095 2172:Groves, C. P. (1972). 2142:Macdonald, D. (2001). 1340:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 1334:"Order Perissodactyla" 1284: 1240: 1179: 1124: 1105:Mala Mala Game Reserve 1095: 1071: 1038: 995: 978: 967: 928: 909: 846: 681:Ceratotherium neumayri 607: 594:Taxonomy and evolution 539: 531: 402: Possibly extinct 130:A white rhinoceros in 4341:Paleobiology Database 3951:Sumatran rhinoceros ( 3484:Rhino Resource Center 3195:"Living on the brink" 2826:. PBS. 20 August 2008 1826:Northern White Rhinos 1615:Turner, Alan (2004). 1306:Ol Pejeta Conservancy 1275: 1230: 1177: 1144:Garamba National Park 1122: 1090: 1069: 1036: 993: 973: 965: 926: 907: 894:Ceratotherium cottoni 882:Ol Pejeta Conservancy 859:critically endangered 844: 717:(now synonymous with 715:Ceratotherium efficax 656:Ceratotherium praecox 652:Ceratotherium praecox 636:Ceratotherium praecox 632:Ceratotherium praecox 612:Ceratotherium praecox 601: 537: 529: 3758:Przewalski's horse ( 3638:(Odd-toed ungulates) 3480:White Rhino Pictures 2707:. 19 September 2006. 2011:: e.T4183A45813838. 1702:Geraads, D. (2020). 1396:: e.T4185A45813880. 1231:White rhinoceros at 1213:Kruger National Park 1193:Kruger National Park 1051:mark their territory 1018:Behavior and ecology 713:is considered to be 638:should, in fact, be 4153:Ceratotherium simum 4123:Ceratotherium simum 3918:Indian rhinoceros ( 3641:species by suborder 3593:UCSC Genome Browser 3573:on 15 December 2017 3460:Ceratotherium simum 3314:The Washington Post 3267:Eastman, Q. (2007) 3011:on 19 February 2012 2984:. NPR. 7 March 2017 2740:. Worldwildlife.org 2716:IUCN (7 July 2006) 2668:Sydney, J. (1965). 2482:2014PLoSO...998475C 2373:Heller, E. (1913). 2176:Ceratotherium simum 2050:2013PLoSO...870103B 1993:Ceratotherium simum 1989:Emslie, R. (2020). 1948:2010PLoSO...5.9703G 1750:Geraads, D., 2010. 1496:Ceratotherium simum 1382:Ceratotherium simum 1378:Emslie, R. (2020). 1215:) by searching for 1162:, most recently by 974:Closeup of skin at 863:extinct in the wild 769:is very similar to 767:C. germanoafricanum 754:C. germanoafricanum 676:Ceratotherium simum 578:(κέρας) "horn" and 487:Ceratotherium simum 296:Ceratotherium simum 140:Conservation status 3999:Black rhinoceros ( 3975:White rhinoceros ( 3927:Javan rhinoceros ( 3789:African wild ass ( 3346:on 5 November 2014 3145:The New York Times 2914:. Siyabonga Africa 2824:Nature: Rhinoceros 2434:Journal of Ecology 1681:pp. 275–294. 1285: 1241: 1180: 1125: 1096: 1072: 1039: 996: 979: 968: 955:, which are solid 929: 910: 847: 739:Middle Pleistocene 608: 582:(θηρίον) "beast". 540: 532: 4461:Mammals of Uganda 4423: 4422: 4115:Taxon identifiers 4106: 4105: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4025: 4011: 4010: 3900: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3760:E. f. przewalskii 3733: 3710: 3639: 3500:White Rhino entry 3490:White Rhino entry 3340:zoodvurkralove.cz 3091:on 9 October 2014 2550:978-0-520-08085-0 2416:978-0-471-35015-6 2280:978-0-313-35906-4 2253:978-0-9822619-6-5 2226:978-0-521-42637-4 2182:Mammalian Species 1688:978-90-481-9961-7 1628:978-0-231-11944-3 1548:978-0-521-84418-5 1503:Mammalian Species 1353:978-0-8018-8221-0 1273: 1088: 1049:. Dominant bulls 761:, and the extant 731:Early Pleistocene 721:, known from the 470: 469: 464: 364: Southern ( 354: Northern ( 180: 163: 16:(Redirected from 4483: 4416: 4415: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4384:Rhinoceros simus 4375: 4374: 4362: 4361: 4349: 4348: 4336: 4335: 4323: 4322: 4310: 4309: 4297: 4296: 4284: 4283: 4271: 4270: 4258: 4257: 4245: 4244: 4232: 4231: 4219: 4218: 4206: 4205: 4193: 4192: 4180: 4179: 4167: 4166: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4110: 4096: 4095: 4052:Mountain tapir ( 4029: 4024: 4023: 4019: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3876: 3845:Mountain zebra ( 3769:Domestic horse ( 3732: 3731: 3723: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3686: 3637: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3605: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3569:. Archived from 3520:Philadelphia Zoo 3476:White Rhino Info 3463: 3452: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3368:(in Czech). CT24 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2908: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2847: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2734: 2728: 2714: 2708: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2648: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2582:savetherhino.org 2574: 2568: 2563:Owen-Smith, N. " 2561: 2555: 2554: 2538: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2511: 2493: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2425: 2419: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2354:. Poaching Facts 2348: 2342: 2341: 2331: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2193: 2169: 2158: 2157: 2139: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2101: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2071: 2061: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2020: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1969: 1959: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1875: 1869: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1846:. Archived from 1835: 1829: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1774: 1766: 1755: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1723: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1668: 1659: 1658: 1648: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1571: 1562: 1553: 1552: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1515: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1422:SaveTheRhino.org 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1326: 1298:Dvůr Králové Zoo 1274: 1233:Seoul Grand Park 1089: 878:Dvůr Králové Zoo 857:) is considered 719:C. mauritanicum) 647:Diceros bicornis 568:John Edward Gray 545:black rhinoceros 474:white rhinoceros 458: 456:Rhinoceros simum 439: 433: 427: 421: 412: 401: 400: 393: 387: 378: 363: 353: 344: 298: 195: 194: 174: 157: 152: 151: 125: 115: 45: 35:White rhinoceros 32: 21: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4411: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4378: 4370: 4365: 4357: 4352: 4344: 4339: 4331: 4328:Observation.org 4326: 4318: 4313: 4305: 4300: 4292: 4287: 4279: 4274: 4266: 4261: 4253: 4248: 4240: 4235: 4227: 4222: 4214: 4209: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4183: 4175: 4170: 4162: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4117: 4107: 4102: 4078: 4070:Malayan tapir ( 4043:Baird's tapir ( 4021: 4020: 4007: 3983: 3959: 3935: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3885: 3862: 3854:Grévy's zebra ( 3725: 3724: 3722: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3695: 3680: 3642: 3636:Perissodactyla 3632: 3576: 3574: 3561: 3542:Wayback Machine 3472: 3467: 3466: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2940:on 8 March 2017 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2849: 2848: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2771:on 29 June 2011 2758: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2725:Wayback Machine 2715: 2711: 2702: 2695: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2390: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2191:10.2307/3503966 2171: 2170: 2161: 2154: 2141: 2140: 2131: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2089: 2085: 2031: 2030: 2026: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1859: 1855: 1850:on 5 June 2011. 1837: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1817: 1810: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1745: 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A review of 595: 592: 530:Rhinos grazing 523: 520: 468: 467: 466: 465: 461:Burchell, 1817 450: 449: 443: 442: 436: 430: 424: 418: 414: 413: 405: 404: 396: 390: 384: 380: 379: 371: 370: 360: 350: 346: 345: 337: 336: 314: 313: 309: 308: 301: 290: 289: 283: 282: 275: 273: 269: 268: 261: 257: 256: 254:Rhinocerotidae 251: 247: 246: 244:Perissodactyla 241: 237: 236: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 183: 182: 169: 166: 165: 147: 144: 143: 138: 135: 134: 127: 126: 118: 117: 109: 108: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 46: 37: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4488: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4101: 4100: 4089: 4075: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4063:T. terrestris 4059: 4057: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4027: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3966:Ceratotherium 3962: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3932: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3729: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3712: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3515:San Diego Zoo 3513: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3408: 3405: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3303: 3300: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3242: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3217: 3214: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3175: 3174: 3173:Quartz Africa 3169: 3162: 3159: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3131: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3103: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3052: 3049: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2996: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2878: 2871: 2868: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2812: 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2051: 2047: 2044:(7): e70103. 2043: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1926: 1923: 1911: 1907: 1900: 1897: 1885: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1866:U-T San Diego 1863: 1857: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809:2-8317-0502-9 1805: 1801: 1794: 1791: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1638: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1488: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1465: 1462: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1279: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1239:, South Korea 1238: 1234: 1229: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1188: 1184: 1176: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1121: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1094: 1076: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 992: 985: 983: 977: 972: 964: 960: 958: 954: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 925: 921: 919: 915: 906: 899: 897: 895: 891: 886: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 861:and possibly 860: 856: 852: 843: 838: 830: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 803: 795: 793: 791: 790:Olduvai Gorge 786: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 755: 750: 746: 745: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 723:Late Pliocene 720: 716: 712: 711:Ceratotherium 707: 705: 701: 697: 696:Ceratotherium 693: 689: 688: 683: 682: 677: 673: 669: 665: 664:Ceratotherium 661: 657: 653: 649: 648: 643: 642: 637: 633: 629: 628:Ceratotherium 625: 621: 617: 613: 605: 600: 593: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 564:Ceratotherium 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 536: 528: 521: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 488: 483: 479: 475: 462: 457: 454: 453: 451: 448: 444: 415: 411: 406: 394: Extinct 381: 377: 372: 367: 357: 356:C. s. cottoni 347: 343: 338: 335: 333: 329: 324: 320: 315: 310: 305: 299: 297: 291: 288: 287:Binomial name 284: 280: 279: 278:C. simum 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 265:Ceratotherium 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 229: 228: 225: 222: 219: 218: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 193: 188: 184: 178: 172: 167: 161: 156: 145: 141: 136: 133: 128: 124: 119: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 44: 33: 30: 19: 4383: 4122: 4097: 4071: 4062: 4054:T. pinchaque 4053: 4044: 4032: 4000: 3988: 3976: 3974: 3964: 3952: 3942:Dicerorhinus 3940: 3929:R. sondaicus 3928: 3920:R. unicornis 3919: 3907: 3882:Ceratomorpha 3880: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3828: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3791:E. africanus 3790: 3781: 3779: 3770: 3759: 3750: 3749:Wild horse ( 3741: 3739: 3717: 3690: 3587: 3575:. Retrieved 3571:the original 3566: 3510:Honolulu Zoo 3459: 3454: 3450: 3428:. Retrieved 3420:Animal Watch 3419: 3414: 3407: 3395:. Retrieved 3391: 3382: 3370:. Retrieved 3360: 3348:. Retrieved 3344:the original 3339: 3330: 3318:. Retrieved 3312: 3302: 3290:. Retrieved 3276: 3263: 3254: 3244: 3232:. Retrieved 3226: 3216: 3204:. Retrieved 3198: 3189: 3179:11 September 3177:. Retrieved 3171: 3161: 3149:. Retrieved 3143: 3133: 3121:. Retrieved 3115: 3105: 3093:. Retrieved 3089:the original 3079: 3067:. Retrieved 3061: 3051: 3039:. Retrieved 3035: 3025: 3013:. Retrieved 3009:the original 3005:"Rhino Wars" 2998: 2986:. Retrieved 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2954: 2942:. Retrieved 2938:the original 2928: 2916:. Retrieved 2906: 2893: 2881:. Retrieved 2870: 2858:. Retrieved 2828:. Retrieved 2823: 2814: 2802:. Retrieved 2798: 2773:. Retrieved 2769:the original 2764: 2754: 2742:. Retrieved 2732: 2712: 2680:(4): 1–397. 2677: 2673: 2663: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2610:. Retrieved 2597: 2585:. Retrieved 2581: 2572: 2559: 2534: 2526: 2473: 2469: 2437: 2433: 2423: 2407: 2402: 2391: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2356:. Retrieved 2346: 2303: 2299: 2289: 2269: 2262: 2242: 2235: 2215: 2208: 2181: 2175: 2143: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1942:(4): e9703. 1939: 1935: 1925: 1913:. Retrieved 1910:The Guardian 1909: 1899: 1887:. Retrieved 1883: 1873: 1865: 1856: 1848:the original 1843: 1833: 1799: 1793: 1781:. Retrieved 1776: 1746: 1711: 1708:J. Hum. Evol 1707: 1697: 1673: 1654: 1650: 1637: 1617: 1610: 1577: 1573: 1537: 1530: 1501: 1495: 1487: 1478: 1474: 1464: 1452:. Retrieved 1447: 1438: 1426:. Retrieved 1421: 1412: 1393: 1387: 1381: 1342: 1338:Wilson, D.E. 1324: 1290: 1286: 1259:In captivity 1250: 1246: 1242: 1209: 1197: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1153: 1135: 1133: 1126: 1115:Distribution 1109:South Africa 1097: 1073: 1062:Reproduction 1044: 1040: 1021: 1014:(XX or XY). 1004:diploid cell 997: 980: 930: 918:hippopotamus 911: 893: 887: 875: 854: 848: 805: 774: 770: 766: 762: 752: 742: 718: 714: 710: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 685: 679: 675: 663: 659: 655: 651: 645: 639: 635: 631: 627: 616:Langebaanweg 611: 609: 587: 583: 579: 575: 563: 561: 556: 552: 541: 486: 485: 481: 477: 473: 471: 460: 455: 365: 355: 327: 318: 317: 295: 293: 277: 276: 264: 132:South Africa 29: 4237:iNaturalist 4147:Wikispecies 4001:D. bicornis 3830:Hippotigris 3809:E. hemionus 3771:E. caballus 3726:(including 3692:Hippomorpha 3674:Superorder 3668:Infraclass 3577:14 December 3255:CRES Report 2879:. Netwerk24 2799:Environment 2358:4 September 1156:black rhino 1006:has 2 x 40 1000:genome size 900:Description 873:woodlands. 776:C. neumayri 759:East Africa 700:C. neumayri 668:Makapansgat 658:is in fact 478:white rhino 366:C. s. simum 312:Subspecies 41:1.8–0 18:White Rhino 4441:Dicerotini 4430:Categories 4399:Q122365851 4072:T. indicus 4045:T. bairdii 3909:Rhinoceros 3462:in Africa. 3234:16 January 2184:(8): 1–6. 1714:: 102373. 1657:: 327–328. 1506:(8): 1–6. 1317:References 1200:Thoiry Zoo 1008:autosomals 976:Lisbon Zoo 630:, but not 500:subspecies 492:rhinoceros 173:Appendix I 4017:Tapiridae 3856:E. grevyi 3838:E. quagga 3827:Subgenus 3800:E. asinus 3780:Subgenus 3740:Subgenus 3585:View the 3430:27 August 3206:3 January 3200:BBC Earth 3151:3 January 3123:27 August 2765:The Times 2500:1932-6203 1777:CITES.org 1475:Pachyderm 1330:Grubb, P. 1217:geotagged 1164:Janjaweed 1154:Like the 1024:Herbivore 966:The skull 779:from the 666:found at 620:Cape Town 606:, Namibia 272:Species: 210:Kingdom: 204:Eukaryota 4393:Wikidata 4354:Species+ 4307:14100050 4255:10228978 4161:BioLib: 4132:Wikidata 4099:Category 4022:(Tapirs) 3977:C. simum 3847:E. zebra 3818:E. kiang 3807:Onager ( 3798:Donkey ( 3751:E. ferus 3670:Eutheria 3664:Mammalia 3658:Chordata 3652:Animalia 3650:Kingdom 3538:Archived 3506:website. 3496:website. 3486:website. 3424:Archived 3372:25 March 3320:25 March 3292:25 March 3286:Fox News 3228:ABC News 3117:Fox News 3095:25 March 3069:25 March 3041:25 March 3015:25 March 2988:25 March 2966:25 March 2944:25 March 2883:25 March 2860:25 March 2830:25 March 2804:25 March 2721:Archived 2612:25 March 2587:25 March 2518:24901244 2470:PLOS ONE 2418:, S. 678 2338:15101412 2078:23922920 2038:PLOS ONE 1976:20383328 1936:PLOS ONE 1915:25 March 1889:25 March 1738:12522299 1730:28966048 1602:52105151 1481:: 88–93. 1454:20 March 1428:18 March 1362:62265494 1332:(2005). 1302:Angalifu 1237:Gwacheon 1170:Poaching 1160:poaching 1047:solitary 914:elephant 825:Eswatini 817:Zimbabwe 813:Botswana 771:C. simum 763:C. simum 741:species 735:Tanzania 729:and the 727:Ethiopia 692:C. simum 447:Synonyms 332:southern 323:northern 304:Burchell 250:Family: 234:Mammalia 224:Chordata 220:Phylum: 214:Animalia 200:Domain: 160:IUCN 3.1 4408:ZooBank 4294:1006111 4229:2440880 4138:Q159918 4034:Tapirus 3990:Diceros 3816:Kiang ( 3701:Equidae 3656:Phylum 3634:Extant 3588:cerSim1 3482:on the 3397:29 July 3350:29 July 2918:22 July 2775:7 April 2744:7 April 2655:3505651 2509:4047034 2478:Bibcode 2329:1810005 2320:4142550 2200:3503966 2069:3724812 2046:Bibcode 1997:cottoni 1967:2850923 1944:Bibcode 1783:3 April 1779:. CITES 1594:4524458 1522:3503966 1278:Saitama 1027:grazers 953:antlers 934:keratin 871:savanna 809:Namibia 781:Miocene 580:thērion 496:grazing 306:, 1817) 260:Genus: 240:Order: 230:Class: 175: ( 158: ( 110:↓ 4346:115823 4268:625001 4216:KRTTSI 4203:311503 3783:Asinus 3728:Zebras 3662:Class 3478:& 2653: 2547: 2516: 2506: 2498: 2414: 2336: 2326: 2318: 2277: 2250: 2223: 2198: 2150: 2110:Koedoe 2076: 2066: 1974: 1964: 1806: 1736: 1728: 1685: 1625: 1600: 1592: 1545: 1520: 1424:. 2015 1360: 1350: 1253:(ICSI) 1010:and 2 986:Genome 946:cattle 942:bovids 867:Sahara 821:Uganda 624:fossil 574:terms 549:calque 522:Naming 502:: the 438: 432: 426: 420: 399: 392: 386: 362: 352: 4359:10255 4333:82314 4250:IRMNG 4242:43348 4177:26134 4164:33432 3743:Equus 3719:Equus 3442:Notes 2651:JSTOR 2316:JSTOR 2196:JSTOR 2116:(1). 1995:ssp. 1773:(PDF) 1734:S2CID 1647:(PDF) 1598:S2CID 1590:JSTOR 1570:(PDF) 1518:JSTOR 1336:. In 1311:Kenya 1282:Japan 938:horns 618:near 588:simos 584:Simum 576:keras 572:Greek 553:white 516:Kenya 512:Sudan 177:CITES 171:CITES 4372:3722 4320:9807 4315:NCBI 4281:4185 4276:IUCN 4263:ITIS 4224:GBIF 4211:EPPO 4190:SQFF 4172:BOLD 3579:2017 3432:2019 3399:2015 3374:2018 3352:2015 3322:2018 3294:2018 3236:2022 3208:2020 3181:2019 3153:2020 3125:2019 3097:2018 3071:2018 3043:2018 3036:Time 3017:2018 2990:2018 2968:2018 2946:2018 2920:2022 2885:2018 2862:2018 2832:2018 2806:2018 2777:2009 2746:2009 2614:2018 2589:2018 2545:ISBN 2514:PMID 2496:ISSN 2412:ISBN 2385:(1). 2360:2024 2334:PMID 2275:ISBN 2248:ISBN 2221:ISBN 2148:ISBN 2074:PMID 2009:2020 1972:PMID 1917:2018 1891:2018 1804:ISBN 1785:2023 1726:PMID 1683:ISBN 1623:ISBN 1543:ISBN 1456:2018 1430:2023 1394:2020 1358:OCLC 1348:ISBN 1291:The 1101:lion 998:The 957:bone 950:deer 849:The 823:and 702:via 557:wijd 472:The 49:PreꞒ 4367:TSA 4302:MSW 4289:MDD 4198:EoL 4185:CoL 3502:on 3492:on 2855:WWF 2682:doi 2641:doi 2543:-. 2541:323 2504:PMC 2486:doi 2442:doi 2438:102 2324:PMC 2308:doi 2304:271 2186:doi 2118:doi 2064:PMC 2054:doi 2013:doi 1962:PMC 1952:doi 1716:doi 1712:140 1582:doi 1508:doi 1448:CNN 1398:doi 1235:in 940:of 783:of 757:in 747:in 733:of 725:of 480:or 4432:: 4410:: 4395:: 4369:: 4356:: 4343:: 4330:: 4317:: 4304:: 4291:: 4278:: 4265:: 4252:: 4239:: 4226:: 4213:: 4200:: 4187:: 4174:: 4149:: 4134:: 3834:: 3787:: 3747:: 3565:. 3418:. 3390:. 3338:. 3311:. 3284:. 3253:. 3225:. 3197:. 3170:. 3142:. 3114:. 3060:. 3034:. 2853:. 2840:^ 2822:. 2797:. 2785:^ 2763:. 2696:^ 2676:. 2672:. 2649:. 2637:73 2635:. 2631:. 2605:. 2580:. 2512:. 2502:. 2494:. 2484:. 2472:. 2468:. 2456:^ 2436:. 2432:. 2383:61 2381:. 2377:. 2332:. 2322:. 2314:. 2302:. 2298:. 2194:. 2180:. 2162:^ 2132:^ 2112:. 2108:. 2072:. 2062:. 2052:. 2040:. 2036:. 2007:. 2001:. 1970:. 1960:. 1950:. 1938:. 1934:. 1908:. 1882:. 1864:. 1842:. 1818:^ 1775:. 1759:^ 1732:. 1724:. 1710:. 1706:. 1677:. 1663:^ 1655:97 1653:. 1649:. 1596:. 1588:. 1578:25 1576:. 1572:. 1557:^ 1516:. 1500:. 1479:34 1477:. 1473:. 1446:. 1420:. 1392:. 1386:. 1370:^ 1356:. 1313:. 1280:, 1111:. 1107:, 819:, 815:, 811:, 751:, 706:. 690:→ 684:→ 476:, 368:)) 334:) 99:Pg 43:Ma 4074:) 4065:) 4056:) 4047:) 4003:) 3979:) 3955:) 3931:) 3922:) 3858:) 3849:) 3840:) 3820:) 3811:) 3802:) 3793:) 3773:) 3762:) 3753:) 3730:) 3627:e 3620:t 3613:v 3595:. 3581:. 3434:. 3401:. 3376:. 3354:. 3324:. 3296:. 3238:. 3210:. 3183:. 3155:. 3127:. 3099:. 3073:. 3045:. 3019:. 2992:. 2970:. 2948:. 2922:. 2887:. 2864:. 2834:. 2808:. 2779:. 2748:. 2727:. 2690:. 2684:: 2678:3 2657:. 2643:: 2616:. 2591:. 2553:. 2520:. 2488:: 2480:: 2474:9 2450:. 2444:: 2362:. 2340:. 2310:: 2283:. 2256:. 2229:. 2202:. 2188:: 2178:" 2174:" 2156:. 2126:. 2120:: 2114:9 2080:. 2056:: 2048:: 2042:8 2021:. 2015:: 1999:" 1991:" 1978:. 1954:: 1946:: 1940:5 1919:. 1893:. 1812:. 1787:. 1740:. 1718:: 1691:. 1631:. 1604:. 1584:: 1551:. 1524:. 1510:: 1498:" 1494:" 1458:. 1432:. 1406:. 1400:: 1384:" 1380:" 1364:. 944:( 484:( 463:) 459:( 358:) 330:( 325:) 321:( 302:( 179:) 162:) 104:N 94:K 89:J 84:T 79:P 74:C 69:D 64:S 59:O 54:Ꞓ 20:)

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