31:
75:
517:, or seer, he had first to catch a small bird such as a whitehead. After more ritual the applicant was shut in a hut to sleep with the bird for a night. Next morning he opened the door and if the bird flew away of its own accord, his suitability to be a seer, as indeed the whitehead was regarded to be, was confirmed. In the past, the appearance of a flock of whiteheads was interpreted by Māori from the upper regions of the
2356:
335:
50:
476:
1466:
505:(power and prestige) of the gods to descend on the child from the gods and secondly to open the child's eyes and ears to the knowledge of the ancestors. After the karakia was complete the bird was freed to demonstrate that the mana received would return to the gods when the child died. The whitehead also held this role as a messenger to the gods when a new
2344:
511:(fortified village) was dedicated. Once the ceremonies were complete a single whitehead was released unharmed, the pā became free of tapu, and could be safely entered. The purpose of this rite was to bring prosperity and vitality to the pā and its people in times of war and peace. When a candidate was applying to a senior tohunga to become a
397:
Unlike the yellowhead, which nests only in the cavities of tree trunks which are generally high up in the canopy, the whitehead builds a more conventional cup shaped nest at a height between 1 and 15 metres above the ground; either in the canopy of the forest or lower down in smaller trees or shrubs.
541:
remains of whiteheads have been found on the North Island and the species was still very widespread when
European settlement of New Zealand began in the 1840s. However, soon after, they began to decline as a result of both the widespread clearance of lowland forests for agriculture and the predation
459:
whistled shrilly at him in admonishment and gathered together the pieces of the tree until it stood whole again. This happened several times until Rata showed remorse and the birds felled the tree and made the canoe for him. In some stories, the whitehead was one of several small birds chosen by
554:
remain a problem for many whitehead populations today, as they both compete with them for food and prey upon the birds themselves. As a result, the species has experienced local extinctions of many of its populations throughout the North Island, particularly in its northern regions; whiteheads
529:
19th-century forestry workers (bushmen) regarded the whitehead as a useful forecaster of the weather: "They kept up a lively chirping some hours before an approaching storm. It was a warning which the bushmen never allowed to pass unnoticed". Colonists called this bird "Joey whitehead" for its
570:
In an effort to restore this species to its former range, a number of conservation reintroductions have been carried out in the last twenty years. All these reintroductions were carried out as part of wider efforts towards eco-restoration at each of the native forest sites concerned.
708:. However, this situation has been rectified by 3 of the above releases in the Hunua Ranges, Waitākere Ranges and on Tiritiri Matangi Island. The Karori and Tiritiri Matangi reintroductions were done independently while the Hunua reintroduction was an
310:. Whiteheads are generally restricted to the larger tracts of older scrub and native forest that remain in the North Island but have proven their adaptability by establishing populations in a number of exotic pine plantations, particularly on the
230:. The male whitehead's upperparts, wings and tail are a pale brown in colour, while the head and underparts are white – in the case of the male an almost pure white in colour. Females and juveniles have similar colouration except that the
269:
respectively. In the past whiteheads held a special place in Māori culture. As well as the species appearing in many legends, whiteheads were viewed by Māori to have roles as messengers of the gods and as fortune tellers or
302:. It has however, contracted markedly since the 19th century due to a number of human induced factors (see the Conservation section below). The distributions of the whitehead and its close relative, the yellowhead are
245:, the whitehead has suffered a marked decline in the past two centuries since European colonisation and today it is restricted to a fraction of its former range. Historically,
468:, the goddess of night and death. The mobbing behaviour sometimes seen in whiteheads is reflected in one legend which tells of swarms of whiteheads scratching out the eyes of
973:
2507:
1074:
2546:
2646:
1016:
2481:
716:
project release – the project is a joint effort being a joint effort between this local government body and the NZ conservation not for profit NGO
2520:
704:
Due to the northern North Island local extinctions, whiteheads were, until recently, extinct on the mainland of the North Island north of about
2686:
2681:
2666:
365:. They rarely feed on the forest floor. They will supplement their predominantly insectivorous diet with the fruits of native plants such as
2656:
1067:
406:
is generally around 18 days and fledging takes a further 16–19, the chicks being fed by both parents. In
November and December, the
981:
2676:
2226:
1949:
448:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2525:
1060:
489:(sacred) bird. This status was reflected in its role in the tohi rite, a ritual performed over an infant. This entailed a
435:
and legends but also in a number of rites for which live individuals were captured. Flocks of whiteheads form part of the
311:
2334:
461:
261:. It has been the subject of an active conservation campaign and has been successfully reintroduced into reserves near
2445:
374:
2671:
2551:
2297:
1371:
2661:
2138:
729:
709:
659:
274:– and because of these beliefs, live birds were caught and used in several different kinds of ceremonial rites.
2150:
1717:
1705:
594:
414:
for nesting whiteheads by pushing their eggs out of the nest and laying a single egg of its own in their place
74:
2256:
451:
went into the forest and cut down a tree to make a canoe, but failed to perform the proper placatory rites to
1770:
1758:
1506:
1024:
680:
266:
2432:
2372:
2268:
2030:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1559:
1412:
2450:
249:
has destroyed large areas of habitat for this species but today the greatest threat is from predation by
2605:
2309:
2133:
2128:
2018:
1862:
1734:
1693:
1335:
705:
685:
291:
169:
2410:
772:
2571:
2424:
1959:
1644:
1272:
1171:
1099:
1083:
564:
366:
295:
373:, they frequently hang upside down from branches or twigs while feeding. Whiteheads will often form
2089:
2077:
1542:
1530:
1494:
1195:
617:
323:
39:
2360:
2236:
2231:
2052:
2003:
1993:
1608:
1482:
1424:
1289:
1284:
1243:
1183:
551:
407:
69:
2610:
2187:
542:
by several species of mammalian predators introduced by
Europeans, including several species of
432:
30:
2512:
1465:
2592:
2538:
2280:
2251:
2241:
2214:
2101:
1845:
1806:
1564:
1306:
1294:
1260:
1231:
1219:
1159:
1111:
1045:
465:
464:
to accompany him in his (ultimately unsuccessful and fatal) quest to abolish death by killing
403:
370:
207:
2597:
2314:
2285:
2204:
2118:
1874:
1857:
1147:
767:
556:
428:
358:
354:
250:
2437:
530:
distinctive head colouration. This is the origin of the
English-language name of the bird.
507:
2651:
2579:
2209:
1823:
1746:
1323:
717:
518:
456:
283:
2182:
1554:
749:
444:
2040:
1920:
1891:
1879:
1581:
1347:
849:"Morphometrics of the whitehead Mohoua albicilla on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand"
411:
382:
334:
2640:
2533:
2013:
2008:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1915:
758:
712:
initiative. The
Auckland Regional Council also played a part in the Waitākere Ranges
599:
353:
insectivores. Their main prey are spiders, moths, caterpillars and beetles which are
346:
299:
246:
59:
54:
238:
and eyes contrast with the white head and the feet are bluish black in colouration.
2348:
2192:
2035:
1903:
1782:
1656:
1518:
1383:
1207:
638:
307:
287:
271:
242:
2623:
2460:
2561:
2494:
2404:
1998:
1833:
1620:
436:
223:
186:
475:
2618:
2246:
1794:
1722:
1135:
303:
290:
of New
Zealand, as well as several offshore islands surrounding it, including
2395:
1661:
1932:
1632:
1359:
538:
472:, goddess of thunder, as they pass her house, thus causing her to go blind.
386:
362:
215:
126:
86:
1407:
1318:
1255:
2584:
2389:
2155:
877:
560:
547:
469:
399:
350:
262:
219:
106:
2486:
2419:
1448:
1052:
495:
490:
452:
443:– "The myriads of Hākuturi", the spirit guardians of the forest. In a
1395:
1123:
543:
227:
146:
136:
96:
2499:
2473:
2366:
493:
touching the head of an infant with a live whitehead and reciting a
483:
The whitehead, as a messenger between man and the gods, was a very
2468:
474:
378:
333:
258:
431:
among the forest birds of New
Zealand. They featured not only in
2113:
1576:
326:
behaviour. The flocks generally consist of small family groups.
235:
231:
116:
2370:
1056:
816:"The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand" (revised edition)
2123:
1666:
901:
F.C. Kinsky, C.J.R. Robertson, illustrated by Janet
Marshall,
254:
241:
Formerly quite common and widespread in native forests in the
214:) is a small species (15 cm in length, 18.5/14.5 g.) of
306:, with the range of the yellowhead being restricted to the
851:, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1986, volume 13:267–271
427:
In times past, the whitehead held a special place within
389:
to catch the insects these birds dislodge as they feed.
234:
and crown (top of the head) are shaded brown. The black
2332:
423:
Place in Māori culture; legends and ceremonial rites
2379:
2068:
1948:
1822:
1597:
1473:
1090:
512:
500:
484:
947:Murdoch Riley, "'’Māori Bird Lore; An Introduction
773:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705394A130392659.en
286:of this species has always been restricted to the
865:" Collins handguide to the Birds of New Zealand"
563:area in the 1880s. They also disappeared from
439:, a multitude of small birds sometimes called
1068:
357:from tree trunks, leaves and branches in the
8:
836:" The new guide to the Birds of New Zealand"
2318:
2301:
2289:
2272:
2260:
2218:
2196:
2159:
2142:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2056:
2044:
2022:
1985:
1963:
1936:
1924:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1866:
1849:
1837:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1585:
1568:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1310:
1298:
1276:
1264:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
917:Andrew Crowe, illustrated by David Gunson,
294:(where it is the most common forest bird),
2367:
1075:
1061:
1053:
903:" Handbook of common birds of New Zealand"
890:The Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest
521:as a sign that kēhua (ghosts) were nearby
322:When encountered whiteheads often display
48:
29:
20:
834:R.A Falla, R.B. Sibson and E.G. Turbott,
771:
573:
2339:
830:
828:
826:
824:
740:
1046:Reintroduction Projects in New Zealand
974:"Forest birds hop back to Mana Island"
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
913:
911:
810:
402:of variable colouration are laid, the
859:
857:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
589:Population successfully established?
7:
2572:ce316bcd-322e-4c81-a6d1-dd71c9a771c3
479:Whitehead on Tiritiri Matangi Island
455:, god of the forest. Whiteheads and
345:The diet of whiteheads is primarily
2647:IUCN Red List least concern species
814:Barrie Heather and Hugh Robertson,
759:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
499:(incantation) firstly to cause the
349:in nature – they are classified as
1002:Michael Szabo, "Ark in the park",
559:in the 1870s and from the greater
14:
1017:"Whiteheads return to the Hunuas"
226:. It is classified in the family
2354:
2342:
2227:North Island little spotted kiwi
1464:
73:
847:Gill,B.J. and G. Maclean, Ian,
748:BirdLife International (2018).
2178:North Island stout-legged wren
2173:South Island stout-legged wren
1023:. 7 April 2003. Archived from
980:. 20 July 2010. Archived from
949:", Viking Sevenseas Ltd., 2001
525:In general New Zealand culture
1:
583:Number of whiteheads released
312:North Island Volcanic Plateau
2687:Endemic birds of New Zealand
375:mixed-species feeding flocks
1006:, Number 319, February 2006
888:John Dawson and Rob Lucas,"
513:
501:
485:
2703:
2298:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1372:South Island oystercatcher
961:"Pioneer work in the Alps"
251:invasive mammalian species
2682:Taxa named by René Lesson
2667:Māori legendary creatures
2657:Birds of the North Island
2139:Auckland Island merganser
1462:
963:, T. Fisher unwin, London
919:"Which New Zealand bird?"
766:: e.T22705394A130392659.
730:List of New Zealand birds
710:Auckland Regional Council
660:Karori Wildlife Sanctuary
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2151:Chatham Island merganser
1718:Northern royal albatross
1706:New Zealand storm petrel
534:Threats and Conservation
447:story, the culture hero
369:and matipo and like the
278:Habitat and distribution
2677:Birds described in 1830
1771:South Island saddleback
1759:North Island saddleback
1735:Orange-fronted parakeet
1507:North Island brown kiwi
681:Tiritiri Matangi Island
643:Tiritiri Matangi Island
622:Tiritiri Matangi Island
2319:
2302:
2290:
2273:
2261:
2219:
2197:
2160:
2143:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2057:
2045:
2023:
1986:
1964:
1937:
1925:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1867:
1850:
1838:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1682:New Zealand fairy tern
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1586:
1569:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1413:Variable oystercatcher
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1311:
1299:
1277:
1265:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
480:
342:
211:
2606:Paleobiology Database
2310:New Zealand musk duck
2257:Scarlett's shearwater
2134:South Island adzebill
2129:North Island adzebill
2019:Erect-crested penguin
1863:Chatham oystercatcher
1694:New Zealand king shag
1336:New Zealand rock wren
686:Little Barrier Island
478:
441:Te Tini o te Hākuturi
418:Whiteheads and humans
410:frequently acts as a
337:
318:Ecology and behaviour
292:Little Barrier Island
1960:Antipodean albatross
1950:Subantarctic islands
1273:New Zealand dotterel
1172:Double-banded plover
1084:Birds of New Zealand
1027:on 27 September 2007
905:, Reed Methuen, 1987
565:Great Barrier Island
296:Great Barrier Island
2269:North Island takahē
2144:rakiraki maungahuka
2090:New Zealand bittern
2078:South Island piopio
2031:Reischek's parakeet
1677:South Island kōkako
1672:North Island kōkako
1560:South Island takahē
1543:Yellow-eyed penguin
1531:Southern brown kiwi
1495:Little spotted kiwi
959:A.P. Harper, 1896,
863:Chloe Talbot Kelly,
40:Conservation status
2237:South Island snipe
2232:North Island snipe
2053:Subantarctic snipe
2004:Campbell albatross
1994:Antipodes parakeet
1938:kawau o rangihaute
1609:Black-fronted tern
1483:Great spotted kiwi
1425:White-fronted tern
1290:North Island robin
1285:South Island robin
1244:Long-tailed cuckoo
1184:New Zealand falcon
984:on 8 November 2011
586:Date(s) of release
580:Birds sourced from
552:introduced species
481:
408:long-tailed cuckoo
343:
2634:
2633:
2593:Open Tree of Life
2373:Taxon identifiers
2330:
2329:
2281:New Zealand goose
2102:New Zealand quail
1846:Chatham albatross
1565:Fiordland penguin
1307:Paradise shelduck
1295:New Zealand scaup
1232:Sacred kingfisher
1220:Grey-faced petrel
1112:Black-billed gull
714:"Ark in the Park"
702:
701:
555:disappeared from
404:incubation period
194:
193:
161:M. albicilla
63:
2694:
2627:
2626:
2624:Mohoua-albicilla
2614:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2441:
2440:
2428:
2427:
2425:A117BD8B3F3AA67D
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:Mohoua albicilla
2400:
2399:
2398:
2381:Mohoua albicilla
2368:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2322:
2315:New Zealand swan
2305:
2293:
2276:
2264:
2222:
2200:
2168:Long-billed wren
2163:
2146:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2060:
2048:
2026:
1989:
1967:
1940:
1928:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:Chatham parakeet
1870:
1858:Chatham gerygone
1853:
1841:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1589:
1572:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1314:
1302:
1280:
1268:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1148:Buff-banded rail
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1013:
1007:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
970:
964:
957:
951:
945:
922:
915:
906:
899:
893:
886:
880:
874:
868:
861:
852:
845:
839:
832:
819:
812:
785:
784:
782:
780:
775:
752:Mohoua albicilla
745:
618:Waitākere Ranges
577:Release location
574:
516:
504:
488:
340:Mohoua albicilla
203:Mohoua albicilla
181:
179:Mohoua albicilla
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2580:Observation.org
2578:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2210:Waitaha penguin
2205:Chatham penguin
2070:
2064:
1952:
1944:
1826:
1824:Chatham Islands
1818:
1747:Red-billed gull
1740:kākāriki karaka
1601:
1599:
1593:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1004:Forest and Bird
1001:
997:
987:
985:
972:
971:
967:
958:
954:
946:
925:
921:, Penguin, 2001
916:
909:
900:
896:
892:", Godwit, 2000
887:
883:
875:
871:
867:, Collins, 1982
862:
855:
846:
842:
838:, Collins, 1979
833:
822:
813:
788:
778:
776:
747:
746:
742:
738:
726:
718:Forest and Bird
536:
527:
519:Whanganui River
425:
420:
395:
332:
320:
280:
190:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Māori religion
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2615:
2602:
2589:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2517:
2504:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2455:
2442:
2429:
2416:
2401:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2351:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2252:Imber's petrel
2249:
2244:
2242:Forbes's snipe
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2215:Eyles' harrier
2212:
2207:
2202:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2153:
2148:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2041:Snares penguin
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:tawaki nana hī
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1921:Magenta petrel
1918:
1913:
1901:
1892:Chatham pigeon
1889:
1880:Chatham petrel
1877:
1872:
1860:
1855:
1843:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1574:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1348:Shining cuckoo
1345:
1333:
1321:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1008:
995:
965:
952:
923:
907:
894:
881:
869:
853:
840:
820:
818:, Viking, 2005
786:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
725:
722:
700:
699:
694:
691:
688:
683:
677:
676:
671:
668:
665:
662:
656:
655:
650:
647:
644:
641:
635:
634:
629:
626:
623:
620:
614:
613:
608:
605:
602:
597:
591:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
567:in the 1950s.
535:
532:
526:
523:
466:Hine-nui-te-pō
433:Māori folklore
424:
421:
419:
416:
412:brood parasite
394:
391:
331:
328:
319:
316:
279:
276:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2699:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Māori culture
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2340:
2336:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2286:Finsch's duck
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2119:Haast's eagle
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Campbell teal
2012:
2010:
2009:Campbell shag
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:tētē kākāriki
1983:
1982:Auckland teal
1980:
1978:
1977:Auckland shag
1975:
1973:
1972:Auckland rail
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Chatham snipe
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:endemic birds
1596:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:kiwi pukupuku
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:pīpīwharauroa
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1124:Brown creeper
1122:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
983:
979:
975:
969:
966:
962:
956:
953:
950:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
914:
912:
908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
879:
873:
870:
866:
860:
858:
854:
850:
844:
841:
837:
831:
829:
827:
825:
821:
817:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
787:
774:
769:
765:
761:
760:
755:
753:
744:
741:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
664:Kapiti Island
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
601:
600:Kapiti Island
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
575:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
540:
533:
531:
524:
522:
520:
515:
510:
509:
503:
498:
497:
492:
487:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Māori culture
422:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:insectivorous
341:
336:
329:
327:
325:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Kapiti Island
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
275:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:deforestation
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:
199:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Passeriformes
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2380:
2193:Laughing owl
2188:Chatham kākā
2183:Lyall's wren
2036:Snares snipe
1904:Chatham shag
1783:Shore plover
1657:Foveaux shag
1582:Blue penguin
1519:Okarito kiwi
1436:
1384:Spotted shag
1312:pūtangitangi
1208:Grey warbler
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1020:
1011:
1003:
998:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
977:
968:
960:
955:
948:
918:
902:
897:
889:
884:
872:
864:
848:
843:
835:
815:
777:. Retrieved
763:
757:
751:
743:
713:
703:
696:
673:
652:
639:Hunua Ranges
631:
610:
607:20 July 2010
569:
537:
528:
506:
494:
482:
445:Ngāti Mahuta
440:
426:
398:Between 2–4
396:
393:Reproduction
344:
339:
321:
308:South Island
288:North Island
281:
243:North Island
240:
202:
201:
197:
195:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2495:iNaturalist
2405:Wikispecies
2361:New Zealand
2303:ruru hinapō
1999:Bounty shag
1834:Black robin
1621:Black stilt
1454:ngutuparore
1418:tōrea pango
1329:tītipounamu
1278:tūturiwhatu
1153:moho-pererū
1021:arc.govt.nz
978:doc.govt.nz
878:Roger South
779:11 November
628:August 2004
595:Mana Island
379:saddlebacks
338:Whitehead,
224:New Zealand
2641:Categories
2619:Xeno-canto
2291:manutahora
2247:Snipe-rail
2161:mātuhituhi
1807:Yellowhead
1795:Stitchbird
1723:Otago shag
1711:takahikare
1598:Endangered
1474:Flightless
1389:pārekareka
1201:pīwakawaka
1136:Brown teal
736:References
649:April 2003
387:silvereyes
371:yellowhead
304:allopatric
267:Wellington
24:Whitehead
2562:whitehead
2046:pokotiwha
1933:Pitt shag
1788:tūturuatu
1752:tarāpunga
1699:kawau tūī
1633:Blue duck
1614:tarapiroe
1442:pōpokotea
1437:Whitehead
1360:Silvereye
876:Photo by
693:1989–1990
670:2001–2002
632:Uncertain
611:Uncertain
557:Northland
548:mustelids
539:Subfossil
363:subcanopy
228:Mohouidae
216:passerine
212:pōpokotea
198:whitehead
155:Species:
137:Mohouidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2539:22705394
2513:11258820
2438:22705394
2433:BirdLife
2390:Wikidata
2156:Bushwren
2058:tutukiwi
1687:tara-iti
1645:Fernbird
1602:(flying)
1401:miromiro
1341:pīwauwau
1324:Rifleman
1266:pīhoihoi
1213:riroriro
1189:kārearea
1177:pohowera
1160:Dabchick
1117:tarāpuka
1105:korimako
1100:Bellbird
1031:16 March
988:16 March
724:See also
706:Hamilton
561:Auckland
514:matakite
470:Whaitiri
457:riflemen
437:hākuturi
383:kākāriki
351:arboreal
324:flocking
263:Auckland
253:such as
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2487:2482624
2474:whiteh1
2461:whiteh1
2420:Avibase
2396:Q860177
2335:Portals
2220:kērangi
2095:kaoriki
2069:Extinct
1885:ranguru
1536:tokoeka
1449:Wrybill
1300:pāpango
1249:koekoeā
1196:Fantail
550:. Such
544:rodents
496:karakia
491:tohunga
355:gleaned
330:Feeding
220:endemic
189:, 1830)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2652:Mohoua
2611:372530
2598:409116
2569:NZOR:
2559:NZBO:
2552:626427
2526:561171
2451:118104
2262:ōiruki
2198:whēkau
2107:koreke
2083:piopio
1839:karure
1728:Matapo
1650:mātātā
1587:kororā
1570:tawaki
1555:Kākāpō
1396:Tomtit
1365:tauhou
1319:Pūkeko
1256:Kererū
1237:kōtare
1165:weweia
1141:pāteke
1129:pipipi
1091:Common
359:canopy
259:stoats
187:Lesson
148:Mohoua
2585:75295
2508:IRMNG
2469:eBird
2458:BOW:
2349:Birds
2320:poūwa
2071:birds
1965:Toroa
1953:birds
1926:tāiko
1909:papua
1897:parea
1868:tōrea
1851:toroa
1827:birds
1812:mōhua
1776:tīeke
1764:tīeke
1548:hoiho
1512:roroa
1488:roroa
1476:birds
1377:tōrea
1261:Pipit
1093:birds
377:with
367:māhoe
284:range
272:seers
218:bird
208:Māori
2547:NCBI
2534:IUCN
2521:ITIS
2500:8324
2482:GBIF
2446:BOLD
2274:moho
2114:Huia
1800:hihi
1662:Kākā
1638:whio
1626:kakī
1577:Weka
1524:rowi
1430:tara
1033:2023
990:2023
781:2021
764:2018
546:and
502:mana
486:tapu
462:Māui
453:Tāne
449:Rata
400:eggs
361:and
298:and
282:The
265:and
257:and
255:rats
236:beak
232:nape
196:The
117:Aves
2124:Moa
1667:Kea
1408:Tūī
768:doi
697:Yes
674:Yes
653:Yes
385:or
222:to
2643::
2621::
2608::
2595::
2582::
2549::
2536::
2523::
2510::
2497::
2484::
2471::
2448::
2435::
2422::
2407::
2392::
1225:ōi
1019:.
976:.
926:^
910:^
856:^
823:^
789:^
762:.
756:.
720:.
690:80
667:63
646:40
625:55
604:38
508:pā
381:,
314:.
210::
206:;
2337::
2323:)
2317:(
2306:)
2300:(
2294:)
2288:(
2277:)
2271:(
2265:)
2259:(
2223:)
2217:(
2201:)
2195:(
2164:)
2158:(
2147:)
2141:(
2110:)
2104:(
2098:)
2092:(
2086:)
2080:(
2061:)
2055:(
2049:)
2043:(
2027:)
2021:(
1990:)
1984:(
1968:)
1962:(
1941:)
1935:(
1929:)
1923:(
1912:)
1906:(
1900:)
1894:(
1888:)
1882:(
1871:)
1865:(
1854:)
1848:(
1842:)
1836:(
1815:)
1809:(
1803:)
1797:(
1791:)
1785:(
1779:)
1773:(
1767:)
1761:(
1755:)
1749:(
1743:)
1737:(
1731:)
1725:(
1714:)
1708:(
1702:)
1696:(
1690:)
1684:(
1653:)
1647:(
1641:)
1635:(
1629:)
1623:(
1617:)
1611:(
1590:)
1584:(
1573:)
1567:(
1551:)
1545:(
1539:)
1533:(
1527:)
1521:(
1515:)
1509:(
1503:)
1497:(
1491:)
1485:(
1457:)
1451:(
1445:)
1439:(
1433:)
1427:(
1421:)
1415:(
1404:)
1398:(
1392:)
1386:(
1380:)
1374:(
1368:)
1362:(
1356:)
1350:(
1344:)
1338:(
1332:)
1326:(
1315:)
1309:(
1303:)
1297:(
1281:)
1275:(
1269:)
1263:(
1252:)
1246:(
1240:)
1234:(
1228:)
1222:(
1216:)
1210:(
1204:)
1198:(
1192:)
1186:(
1180:)
1174:(
1168:)
1162:(
1156:)
1150:(
1144:)
1138:(
1132:)
1126:(
1120:)
1114:(
1108:)
1102:(
1076:e
1069:t
1062:v
1035:.
992:.
783:.
770::
754:"
750:"
200:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
